2021 essay topper

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[Topper’s Copy] Gamini Singla – AIR 3 , UPSC CSE 2021, InsightsIAS IPM 2021 Student

We congratulate Ms. Gamini Singla for securing a spectacular rank – AIR 3 in UPSC CSE 2021 . Ms. Gamini was our IPM (Integrated Prelims Cum  Mains Test Series)  2021 student. We are uploading a few answer copies of Ms. Gamini. Click on the image to download the copy.

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UPSC Toppers 2021: Names and Marks of Civil Service Exam Top Rankers

Last updated on May 30, 2022 by ClearIAS Team

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) has released the names and marks of all recommended candidates in the final rank list in CSE 2021 .

Shruti Sharma secured All India Rank 1 with 1105 marks out of 2025 (54.56%).

Ankita Agarwal came second with a difference of 55 marks. She scored 1050 out of 2025 (51.85%).

Table of Contents

UPSC Toppers 2021: Marks of Recommended Candidates

The final rank is calculated by adding the marks secured in Main Exam (written) and Personality Test (Interview).

The written exam marks are out of 1750.

The interview marks are out of 275.

Download Timetable and Study Plan ⇓

(1) ⇒ UPSC Mains Test Series 2024

(2) ⇒ UPSC Prelims Test Series 2025

(3) ⇒ UPSC Fight Back 2025

(4) ⇒ UPSC Prelims cum Mains 2025

The full list of UPSC CSE Toppers with names and marks secured

There were 749 vacancies in 2021.

The Commission has recommended 685 candidates for appointment into various services like IAS ,  IPS , IFS, IRS etc in its first rank list.

A supplementary list will be released later.

Click to download the topper’s names and marks .

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Topper’s Corner

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Today's toppers , were yesterday's aspirants. They don't do different things. They just do the right things differently.Toppers Corner is your gateway to unravel the SUCCESS MANTRAS of the toppers.Explore their stories, strategies, analyse their copies, see how they got top scores, their profile and more!!

P K SIDHARTH

AIR-4 | 2023

AIR-9 | 2023

MEDHA ANAND

AIR-13 | 2023

AIR-16 | 2023

ANSHUL BHATT

AIR-22 | 2023

SAURABH SHARMA

AIR-23 | 2023

ISHITA KISHORE

AIR-1 | 2022

GARIMA LOHIA

AIR-2 | 2022

UMA HARATHI N

AIR-3 | 2022

• Topper's Story
• Topper's Strategy
• Topper's copy
• Topper's Profile
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Topper's Copy

Toppers' Test Copy: 2023

General studies & essay:.

• Test Copy-1 (Economy)
• Test Copy-2 (Essay)
• Test Copy-3 (Polity)
• Test Copy-4 (Ethics)
• Test Copy-5 (Ethics)
• Test Copy-6 (Human & Economic Geography)
• Test Copy-7 (World History)
• Test Copy-8 (Essay)
• Test Copy-9 (Polity)
• Test Copy-10 (Physical Geography)
• Test Copy-1 (Essay)

AKASH VERMA

• Test Copy-1 (Ethics)
• Test Copy-1 (History)
• Test Copy-2 (Polity)
• Test Copy-4 (Polity)
• Test Copy-5 (Polity)
• Test Copy-6 (Polity)
• Test Copy-7 (Polity)
• Test Copy-8 (History)

PRAJNANANDAN GIRI

• Test Copy-1 (GS Paper-4)

PAWAN KUMAR GOEL

Kashish bakshi.

• Test Copy-3 (Essay)

VAIBHAV ANAND SHARMA

• Test Copy-2 (Indian Polity+PIC)
• Test Copy-3 (History & Culture)
• Test Copy-4 (Environment + DM)
• Test Copy-4 (IR + Society)

ANIKET DNYANESHWAR HIRDE

Srishti mishra.

• Test Copy-1 (Art & Culture)
• Test Copy-2 (Governance)
• Test Copy-4 (Essay)
• Test Copy-6 (Economy)
• Test Copy-7 (Essay)
• Test Copy-8 (Economy)
• Test Copy-9 (Physical Geography)
• Test Copy-10 (Economy)
• Test Copy-11 (Ethics)
• Test Copy-12 (Essay)
• Test Copy-13 (Internal Security)
• Test Copy-14 (Internal Security)
• Test Copy-15 (International Relations)
• Test Copy-16 (World History)
• Test Copy-17 (IR + World History + Security)
• Test Copy-18 (Science & Tech)
• Test Copy-19 (Society)
• Test Copy-20 (Geography)
• Test Copy-21 (Polity)
• Test Copy-22 (Governance)
• Test Copy-23 (International Relations)
• Test Copy-24 (Economy)
• Test Copy-25 (Polity)
• Test Copy-26 (Polity)
• Test Copy-27 (Modern History)

CHAITANYA GIRI

• Test Copy-1 (Ethics Case Study)
• Test Copy-2 (Ethics)
• Test Copy-3 (Indian Polity)
• Test Copy-4 (PIC)

SIDDHARTH SRIVASTAVA

• Test Copy-5 (Essay)
• Test Copy-6 (Essay)

ISHITA GUPTA

Sanket kumar, surbhi pathak.

• Test Copy-1 (Governance & Social Justice)
• Test Copy-5 (Economy)
• Test Copy-6 (International Relations)
• Test Copy-1 (GS Paper-3)
• Test Copy-2 (GS Paper-1)
• Test Copy-3 (GS Paper-2)

MANISH BHARDWAJ

• Test Copy-1 (Contemporary Issue)
• Test Copy-1 (Indian Economy)
• Test Copy-1 (General Study Paper-2)

VISHAL SINGH

Ananya rana, deepak meena, sachin rahar, harseerat kaur, akansh dhull, rahul kanwaria, manika gupta.

• Test Copy-1 (Polity)

ASHA SHARMA

Ambika raina.

• Test Copy-1 (GS Paper-2)
• Test Copy-2 (GS Paper-3)
• Test Copy-3 (Ethics)

PRACHI RATHI

Palak goyal.

• Test Copy-2 (Environment)
• Test Copy-3 (Geography)
• Test Copy-4 (Science & Technology)
• Test Copy-8 (Polity)
• Test Copy-9 (History)
• Test Copy-11 (Economy)
• Test Copy-12 (History)
• Test Copy-13 (History)
• Test Copy-14 (Economy)
• Test Copy-15 (Economy)
• Test Copy-16 (Environment)
• Test Copy-17 (Environment)
• Test Copy-18 (Environment)
• Test Copy-19 (Environment)
• Test Copy-21 (Geography)
• Test Copy-22 (History)
• Test Copy-23 (History)
• Test Copy-24 (Science & Technology)
• Test Copy-27 (Polity)
• Test Copy-28 (Polity)
• Test Copy-29 (Polity)
• Test Copy-30 (Polity)
• Test Copy-31 (Geography)

MAHAJAN HARSHAL RAJESH

Sarika choudhary.

• Test Copy-2 (Economy)

DIVYANSHU PAL NAGAR

• Test Copy-9 (Essay)

YASH VISHEN

Prajwal chaurasia, hemant kumar sahu.

• Test Copy-5 (History)
• Test Copy-6 (History)
• Test Copy-7 (History)
• Test Copy-9 (Economy)
• Test Copy-10 (Geography)
• Test Copy-11 (Geography)
• Test Copy-12 (Environment)
• Test Copy-13 (Economy)
• Test Copy-16 (Economy)
• Test Copy-17 (History)
• Test Copy-18 (History)
• Test Copy-19 (History)
• Test Copy-20 (Polity)

AYUSH MANI CHAUDHARY

• Test Copy-6 (Ethics)
• Test Copy-10 (Ethics)

PRADEEP KUMAR CHOUDHARY

• Test Copy-1 (GS Paper-1)

DEEPAK NAIN

Baviskar pritesh ashok, rekulwar subham, mahalle mayuri madhavrao, sanjay yadav, koyye chitti raju, ankush bicka.

• Test Copy-1 (GS Paper-IV)
• Test Copy-3 (GS Paper-I)
• Test Copy-4 (GS Paper-IV)

AISHWARYA DADARAO UKEY

• Test Copy-1 (GS Paper -1)
• Test Copy-2 (GS Paper -2)
• Test Copy-2 (GS Paper -3)

VIJAY PRATAP SINGH

• Test Copy-1 (Philosophical Essay)
• Test Copy-2 (Philosophical Essay)
• Test Copy-3 (Contemporary issue based essay)
• Test Copy-4 (Contemporary issue based essay)

History Optional:

• Test Copy-1 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-2 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-3 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-4 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-5 (History Optional)

NIDHI GOYAL

Rajendra bishnoi.

• Test Copy-6 (History Optional)

UDIT KADIAN

• Test Copy-7 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-8 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-9 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-10 (History Optional)
• Test Copy-11 (History Optional)

SURBHI JAIN

Gyanendra bharti, pradeep goyal, psir optional:, kunal rastogi.

• Test Copy-1 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-2 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-3 (PSIR Optional)

ABHIMANYU MALIK

Mrinalika rathore.

• Test Copy-4 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-5 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-6 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-7 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-8 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-9 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-10 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-11 (PSIR Optional)
• Test Copy-12 (PSIR Optional)

KRITI TRIPATHI

Suyash kumar singh, mayank mishra, prince babu mishra, bipin kumar singh, avinash kumar, aditya anil bamane, anthropology optional:, shivansh singh.

• Test Copy-1 (Anthropology Optional)
• Test Copy-2 (Anthropology Optional)

PENKEESU DHEERAJ REDDY

Harnit singh sudan.

• Test Copy-1 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-2 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-3 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-4 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-5 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-6 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-7 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-8 (Anthropology)
• Test Copy-3 (Anthropology Optional)
• Test Copy-4 (Anthropology Optional)

Geography Optional:

• Test Copy-1 (Geography Optional)

RISHENDRA SINGH

• Test Copy-2 (Geography Optional)
• Test Copy-3 (Geography Optional)
• Test Copy-4 (Geography Optional)
• Test Copy-5 (Geography Optional)
• Test Copy-6 (Geography Optional)

SINDHU N RAGHAVAN

Rohit kumar.

• Test Copy-7 (Geography Optional)

ANUSHKA SARKAR

Abhishek dange, krishnakumar g, ritwik mehta, sairaj mishra.

• Test Copy-8 (Geography Optional)
• Test Copy-9 (Geography Optional)
• Test Copy-10 (Geography Optional)
• Test Copy-11 (Geography Optional)

NITISH KUMAR

Suman saurabh, rashmi paikra, public administration optional:, dhruv sapra.

• Test Copy-1 (Public Administration Optional)

IMSURENLA LONGKUMER

• Test Copy-2 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-3 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-4 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-5 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-6 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-7 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-8 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-9 (Public Administration Optional)
• Test Copy-10 (Public Administration Optional)

Sociology Optional:

• Test Copy-1 (Sociology Optional)
• Test Copy-2 (Sociology Optional)

KHAN SAIMA SERAJ AHMED

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CSE Toppers' Answer Booklets

ADITYA SRIVASTAVA

All india rank: 1 (2023).

• ESSAY TEST 1
• ESSAY TEST 2
• ESSAY TEST 3
• CSE 2022 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - 1
• CSE 2022 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - 2
• CSE 2022 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - 3
• CSE 2022 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - 4
• CSE 2022 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - 5
• CSE 2022 - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING - 6

All India Rank: 5 (2023)

• GS I - TEST 1
• Analytics Test - 1
• GS II - TEST 2
• Analytics Test - 2
• GS III - TEST 3
• Analytics Test - 3
• GS IV - TEST 4
• Analytics Test - 4
• ESSAY TEST 4
• CSE 2022 - ECONOMICS - TEST 1
• CSE 2022 - ECONOMICS - TEST 2
• CSE 2022 - ECONOMICS - TEST 3
• CSE 2022 - ECONOMICS - TEST 4
• CSE 2022 - ECONOMICS - TEST 5
• CSE 2022 - ECONOMICS - TEST 7

All India Rank: 9 (2023)

• GS I - TEST 5
• Analytics Test- 5
• GS II - TEST 6
• Analytics Test - 6
• GS III - TEST 7
• Analytics Test - 7
• GS IV - TEST 8
• Analytics Test - 8

KUSH MOTWANI

All india rank: 11 (2023).

• Analytics Test - 5

MEDHA ANAND

All india rank: 13 (2023).

All India Rank: 16 (2023)

• CSE-2022 MATHEMATICS TEST 05
• CSE-2022 MATHEMATICS TEST 06

SHIVAM KUMAR

All india rank: 19 (2023).

ANSHUL BHAT

All india rank: 22 (2023).

PRAJNANANDAN GIRI

All india rank: 24 (2023).

VISHNU SASIKUMAR

All india rank: 31 (2023).

• ESSAY TEST - 1
• ESSAY TEST - 2
• ESSAY TEST - 3

AYUSHI PRADHAN

All india rank: 36 (2023).

THAKUR ANJALI AJAY

All india rank: 43 (2023).

ANSHUL HINDAL

All india rank: 48 (2023).

K N CHANDANA JAHNAVI

All india rank: 50 (2023).

• ESSAY TEST - 4

All India Rank: 53 (2023)

SURABHI SRIVASTAVA

All india rank: 56 (2023).

• Analytics Test- 01
• Analytics Test- 03
• Analytics Test- 04
• Analytics Test- 08

ABHIMANYU MALIK

All india rank: 60 (2023).

• Analytics Test- 02

KHUSHHALI SOLANKI

All india rank: 61 (2023).

• Analytics Test- 07

All India Rank: 69 (2023)

SHOHAM TEBERIWAL

All india rank: 77 (2023).

• Analytics Test- 05
• Analytics Test- 06
• CSE 2023 MATHEMATICS - TEST 1
• CSE 2023 MATHEMATICS - TEST 2
• CSE 2023 MATHEMATICS - TES T 3
• CSE 2023 MATHEMATICS - TEST 4
• CSE 2023 MATHEMATICS - TEST 5
• CSE 2023 MATHEMATICS - TEST 6
• CSE 2023 MATHEMATICS - TEST 7
• CSE 2023 MATHEMATICS - TEST 8

ESHANI ANAND

All india rank: 79 (2023).

All India Rank: 81 (2023)

• ESSAY TEST - 5

All India Rank: 88 (2023)

NIDHI GOYAL

All india rank: 91 (2023).

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[Download] – Shruti Sharma IAS Rank 1 (UPSC CSE 2021) – Sample MGP Test Copies + Testimonial

ForumIAS announcing GS Foundation Program for UPSC CSE 2025-26 from 26th June. Click Here for more information.

Dear Friends,

We are happy to release the Mains answer copies of Shruti Sharma . She has secured AIR 1 in the UPSC IAS Civil Services Examination 2021 . Aspirants can learn from these copies and strategize their preparation accordingly.

She has also written a letter to us:

• Clarification on Courses and Language Medium of AIR Rank 1 Shruti Sharma

Download link:

Shruti Sharma Sample MGP Copy – GS Paper

Shruti Sharma Sample MGP Copy – Ethics Paper

Shruti Sharma Sample MGP Copy – Essay Paper

Shruti Sharma Sample MGP Copy – Hindi Paper

For  Copies of other toppers  –  Click Here

Shruti Sharma IAS Rank 1 copies

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UPSC Topper 2021 – Complete List of IAS Exam Topper 2021

The UPSC exam is conducted on a national level. Hence, there are thousands of candidates who aim for a single seat. Almost 90 percent dream to become an IAS officer. The exam takes place once a year. However, the pandemic has caused some delays in the regular UPSC calendar. Hence, those who wrote the exam in 2020 have received their results in the year 2021. Moreover, the mains 2020 was shifted to January 2021. these two years were of grave lockdown. Hence, by far we only have clear data from UPSC CSE 2019. Moreover, the UPSC 2021 prelims are on their way to happen. However, there is no mains exam date out yet. Therefore, the final dates and UPSC/IAS Exam topper 2021 list awaits. Similarly, there is no declaration of the UPSC 2020 toppers list. Hence, in today’s article, we will list the UPSC/IAS exam toppers from the year 2019.

AIR 5 to AIR 10

Gs 4 and optional papers to make you the upsc topper in 2021.

Top 10 UPSC/IAS Exam Topper List 2019

Firstly, let us look at the top 10 rankers from the civil services exam of 2019. There was a tough competition in this year among candidates. However, this brilliant ten managed to secure an outstanding score. Let us look at their names and their total/final UPSC scores.

UPSC Topper’s Marks

These are the top 10 toppers from the 2019 UPSC exam. Let us now look at how much did each one of them score. After this, we will look at the UPSC Topper 2021. The UPSC exam is of a total of 1750 marks. The candidate who manages to secure the highest marks secures the AIR one. This is a very prestigious moment. Moreover, it is a dream for many and an inspiration for others. In 2019, Pradeep Singh managed to secure a score of 1072 which is the highest among all other candidates. Therefore, he was honored with the All India Rank One in UPSC 2019. To read more on Pradeep Singh: click here. The second rank holder is Jatin Kishore. This candidate secured a score of 1063. He holds the second AIR. Moreover, there is a difference of only nine marks b/w the AIR 1 and 2.

The third rank holder is Pratibha Verma. She is the female who secured a rank among the top three. This is again a very huge achievement for the female aspirant and her followers. Pratibha Verma secured the third rank by scoring a total of 1062 marks. Sadly, there is a difference of one mark only b/w the AIR 2 and AIR 3. Hence, every single mark matters in the UPSC exam. The fourth rank holder is Himanshu Jain, again a male candidate and a topper. Himanshu scored a total of 1051 marks out of 1750 in the UPSC exam. Again, here there is a huge difference in marks between the AIR 3 and AIR 4. Himanshu scored 11 marks less than Pratibha. Hence, he is fourth on the list of toppers.

The fifth rank holder is Jeydev CS. This candidate scored a total of 1050 marks. Again there is a one mark different b/w the AIR 4 and AIR 5 candidate. AIR 6 and AIR 7 scored the same number of marks. They scored a total of 1046 marks in the UPSC CSE 2019 exam. Hence, AIR 6 was given to Visakha Yadav. AIR 7 was given to Ganesh Kumar Bhaskar. A candidate named Abhishek Saraf grabbed the AIR 8 with a final score of 1045 marks. Again a one mark difference only. Ravi Jain secured the All India Ninth Rank with a score of 1043 marks. Lastly, Sanjith Mohapatra secured the tenth All India Rank with a score of 1042. Therefore, we notice that there is only a mark’s difference to gain or lose a rank in the UPSC exam. To check the UPSC results: click here.

How to become the UPSC/IAS Exam Topper in 2021

Many aim to become the UPSC/IAS exam topper in 2021. The exams are scheduled to be held in the later months of this year. Hence, one must have a well-structured strategy to achieve their goal. The very first thing to do before preparing a strategy is to write down your goal. You have to manifest what you want. However, manifestation isn’t enough. You have to work for that All India Rank which you aim for. When you read about any of the UPSC toppers, you will realize everyone had a determination. They fail yet didn’t give up their dream. Each of us has at least six UPSC attempts. However, think like you have just one and give it your best shot. Here are some important tips on how to become the next UPSC/IAS exam topper in your 2021 attempt.

Common Mistakes that won’t make you an UPSC/IAS Exam Topper in 2021

Firstly, let us talk about some common mistakes that candidates make during their preparation. Usually, these mistakes hold them back from securing a rank. Here are the mistakes. The prelims exam has the GS portion and the CSAT portion. The GS topics are wide, but the CSAT syllabus is limited. Hence, you can easily and tactfully crack the prelims. For prelims, you need to learn how to avoid the negative marking system and the elimination technique. Therefore, get help from the previous year’s prelims question papers practice. Moreover, the prelims pattern is simple. There are MCQ-type questions only. Thus, your first and the mini-goal towards becoming a UPSC/IAS exam topper in 2021 is to clear the prelims exam.

While you prepare for the prelims/mains GS papers, do not forget your essays and optional papers. Moreover, you should also look at the qualifying papers. Because without qualification your other paper’s marks are invalid in nature. Mainly, the GS concepts are clear in head for everyone. If the answer is conceptual/factual/static, everyone is going to write almost a similar answer. This is again a disadvantage for you. Hence, to stand out from the crowd, we recommend that you should focus on your essays very much. The essay paper is unique for you. Moreover, this paper will either make you or break you. Essays are the best way to judge your ideologies and thinking. Hence, one must develop the art of essay writing.

After the essay paper, the next unique feature in your final score will be defined by GS paper 4 and your optional papers. The GS 4 paper is an important element that will make you the UPSC/IAS exam topper in 2021. GS 4 is an ethics, integrity, and aptitude paper. It contains some static questions. However, the major important type of questions is the case studies. The case study is often complex. Moreover, each candidate has a different method of handling the case. Hence, the case study is unique for every candidate. Usually, toppers with an AIR have a good score in this paper.

Lastly, your optional papers will decide your final score in the written papers. There are two optional papers. Hence, they carry a great weightage. Therefore, one has to play smart while choosing your optional subject. Firstly, choose a subject with relevant experience. Secondly, choose a subject with a limited syllabus. Additionally, you should practice the previous year’s questions for your optional subject. Over the year’s we have noticed that toppers who face difficulties with their optional tend to change their optional subject in their next attempt. Hence, you can first try and read about the optional subjects of your interest and then smartly choose.

Year-wise All India First Rankers of UPSC CSE

• AIR 1 2019 – Pradeep Singh
• IAS Topper 2018 – Kanishak Kataria
• IAS Topper 2017 – Anudeep Durishetty
• AIR 1 2016 – Nandini K.R.
• IAS Topper 2015 – Tina Dabi
• IAS Topper 2014 – Ira Singhal

Yes. It has been noticed that every UPSC topper has stressed the need to make your own notes for revision and preparation. Hence, to become the UPSC/IAS exam topper in 2021, you need to prepare your own notes. However, you can rely on some primary as well as secondary sources to create your own notes.

Usually, the UPSC toppers are interviewed by top TV channels. Moreover, they are also invited to forums, academic institutes, and many other places. They often share their strategies with young aspirants. You can watch their speech deliveries on popular platforms like YouTube. You can also check out the Byju’s IAS section or the Unacademy IAS section to get these videos.

No. Usually, you have to mention your service preferences in your application form. Hence, based on your preference, rank, vacancy, and UPSC recommendation, you are allotted a suitable service.

Editor’s Note | UPSC Topper 2021

Here we will conclude our article. In today’s article, we spoke of many different aspects of the UPSC/IAS exam topper in 2021. However, firstly, we listed the top ten AIR holders of 2019. Hence, we realized how even a single mark can decide your fate. Furthermore, we also discussed their overall or total/final marks as per their result sheets. Moreover, we talked about how to become the UPSC/IAS exam topper in 2021. Here we shared some amazing tips. Moreover, we also gave our insights on the common mistakes that candidates make in their first attempts and how to avoid them. Lastly, we listed the year-wise toppers of UPSC CSE for your reference. We hope that this article has helped you in many ways.

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How I Secured One of the Highest Marks in UPSC CSE’s Essay Paper: IAS Officer

UPSC CSE: IAS officer T Prateek Rao scored one of the highest marks in the Essay paper of UPSC Mains. Here's his strategy.

C learing the Union Public Service Commission’s (UPSC) Civil Service Examination (CSE) was both a personal and professional victory for T Prateek Rao. A graduate of NIT Surathkal and Indian Institute of Management (IIM) Calcutta, Prateek attempted the examination four times and cleared two of the four times.

Speaking to The Better India , Prateek says, “Attempting the UPSC CSE and thereafter being a part of the administrative services is one that requires an aspirant to put a lot of thought into it. Before one embarks on this journey, having a very clear-cut reason for wanting to be a part of the services will help keep the motivation levels high.”

He continues, “This examination tests your strategy, not necessarily only your knowledge.”

For Prateek, his role model was his father, who was also part of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS). “To follow in his footsteps was a dream that I nurtured for a very long time. Unfortunately, when I was just 21, I lost both my parents in an accident and life as I knew it had changed. What remained was my determination to succeed in the UPSC CSE and make my parents proud.”

Prateek attempted the CSE four times, beginning in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2020. In CSE 2019 he got a rank of 724 and got allotted to Indian Railway Traffic Service (IRTS) and in CSE 2020 he secured a rank of 459 with a high score of 147 in the essay paper.

Prateek’s tips to approach the essay:

1. Do not be overconfident in your method:

“Most aspirants have an average to above-average hold on their essay writing skills. However, no matter how good you think you are, it is only repeated practice and regular third-party evaluation that will help you get better,” says Prateek. He reiterates the importance of getting an external person to evaluate and give you feedback on your essay. He also asks aspirants to steer clear of self-evaluation and go to friends to check the essay.

2. Showcase your personality in your writing:

“Remember that the essay question is the same for everyone and the distinction you can bring about in your essay is how you showcase your personality in it. For example, I had written a poem about women and if I had the opportunity I would incorporate the poem in my essay. Embellishing the essay with relevant quotes that you have read will also help in ensuring your essay gets more marks,” says Prateek.

3. Test of flow not of knowledge:

“Ensure that you grab the attention of the examiner right at the beginning. Your arguments must be put forward succinctly. Also, keep in mind that the examiner is reading multiple essays throughout the day and therefore to impress the examiner you must have a great flow to the essay. Give them a ‘wow’ moment just as they start reading your essay,” he says.

4. Make the essay relatable:

“As much as possible include anecdotes and real-life incidents in your essay. Making the essay relatable to the examiner is sure to fetch additional marks. Adding such anecdotes acts as a hook to keep the examiner interested in your essay,” adds Prateek. Adding to this he says that after a few paragraphs, the examiner must be used to the aspirant’s style of writing and that will make it stand apart.

5. Manage your time:

It is easy for an aspirant to lose track of time while attempting the essay and it is important to keep a close eye on that. In the three hours you have, Prateek says that spending between 5 to 10 minutes on choosing both topics you wish to attempt is the first step. He says, “Once you have chosen the topics, spend between 20 to 25 minutes brainstorming and making rough notes that you can use.” He says keeping aside an hour to attempt the essay is good.

He continues,” Go on to brainstorm for the second essay only after you have attempted the first one. The sense of completion after the first essay is done is a great motivator.”

6. Be creative:

The essay paper is the only one that allows aspirants to show their creative side. “Showcasing your creative side is also a sure-shot way of breaking the monotony and boredom that the examiner might be going through reading so many essays,” he says. Having said that, he also urges aspirants to stay away from using flowcharts and diagrams in the essay. “If you feel compelled to use it do not add more than one flowchart/diagram in your essay,” he adds.

7. Work on presentation skills:

“Work on ensuring that the essay is presentable – this means having a proper structure , adding sub-heads as and when needed and also a strong conclusion. You can also be as creative as possible in your writing the sub-heads. Your conclusion can also be solution-oriented and futuristic,” he says. Make sure it is easy for the examiner to read your essay, which will play a major role in determining the marks allotted to it.

8. Read to write better:

“To be able to write well, one must read. That is the first step in ensuring that your writing keeps getting better,” says Prateek. He urges aspirants to pick up Yojana and read the first article in the magazine to get a sense of how governmental essays are written. “Use plain and easy-to-understand language in such a way that it encompasses all the points. Reading of any nature will be beneficial in writing the essay. Keep compiling these points to be used later,” he says.

In conclusion, he says, “Most people know what to do, but fail to do it. So while all aspirants know what to read and how to make notes, only a handful do it diligently and those aspirants manage to clear the UPSC CSE. With respect to this examination, cut the clutter and you’ll see how well it works for you.”

Click here to access the blog that Prateek maintains on preparation strategy and tips.

(Edited by Yoshita Rao)

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"THE 400 DREAMS" (ALL INDIA SCHOLARSHIP TEST)

Courses test series, our selections.

• TOPPERS COPY (CSE-2021)

Table of Contents

Toppers Copy-2021

Utkarsh dwivedi (air-05).

• ETHICS TEST COPIES ETHICS TEST COPIES

ISHITA RATHI (AIR-08)

Yasharth shekhar (air-12), abhinav j jain (air-14).

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MEHAK JAIN (AIR-17)

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NAMAN GOYAL (AIR-30)

Sonali dev (air-41), divyansh singh (air-49), arpit sangal (air-53), kiranmayi koppisetti (air-56), pulkit (air-65).

• ESSAY TEST COPIES ESSAY TEST COPIES

GOURAB KUMAR AGARWAL (AIR-86)

Bhaisare shubham ashok (air-97), kiran p b (air-100), uttam (air-121), riju shrivastava (air-124), sarwapriya sinha (air-127), atulesh jha (air-131), ananya awasthi (air-135), abhinav (air-146), ramendra prasad (air-181), ghanshyam gautam (air-182), sreekumar ravindra kumar (air-192), rameshwar sudhakar sabbanwad (air-202), wakhare akshay anil (air-203), mahadik akshay sanjay (air-212), divyanjali jaiswal (air-216), kaanchi singhal (air-223), siddharth k misra (air-255), sumit kumar thakur (air-263), anup garg (air-269), arshad muhammed (air-276).

• PUBLIC ADMIN. MOCK TEST COPIES PUBLIC ADMIN. MOCK TEST COPIES

RAMTEKE SUMIT SUDHAKAR (AIR-358)

Manoj kumar yadav (air-381), namneet singh (air-436), deepak kumar (air-498), prapanj r (air-523), rajesh ranjan (air-538), ritesh kumar (air-541), abhishek ranjan (air-543), d kudiarasu (air-604).

UPSC Toppers' Answer Copies by VisionIAS

Aditya srivastava, animesh pradhan, srishti dabas, aishwaryam prajapati, kush motwani, aniket shandilya, medha anand, kunal rastogi, swati sharma, shivam kumar, pururaj singh solanki, sauravh sharma, saurabh sharma, prajnandan giri, prajnanandan giri, ritika verma, saikiran nandala, pawan kumar goel, vishnu sasikumar, zufishan haque, ayushi pradhan, animesh verma, deepti rohilla, archana p p, sameer khode, akanchha singh, akanchha_singh, anshul hindal, k n chandana jahnavi, neha rajput, kashish bakshi, yogesh dilhor, surabhi srivastava, kowsalya murugasamy, vaibhav anand sharma, benjo p jost, khushhali solanki, tanuj pathak, krishna joshi, pragati rank, shoham teberiwal, shoham tebriwal, garima mundra, aniket dnyaneshwar hirde, akanksha pathak, akanksha patahak, akansha pathak, ajey singh rathore, ajey songh rathore, ajey singh rathor, sakshi jamuar, nidhi goyal, prakhar kumar, atul mishra, srishti mishra, vedika bansal, aayushi bansal, muskan srivastava, annapurna singh, shivang srivastava, rajiv agarwal, jayasimha reddy ravula, akash agrawal, harishankar ganesan, divyanshi singla, ayush shrotriya, amritanshu nayak, arfa usmani, rishendra singh, chaitanya giri, siddharth srivastava, ridhima jain, samisksha sarwari, mrinalika rathore, sonawane vivek vishwanath, aditi upadhyay, arpit kumar, sujawal jagga, patel mitulkumar, janhavi balasaheb shekhar, anant dhanraj singh, patil ashish ashok, kirti tripathi, ramesh chandra verma, venkateshwaran r, sushir shrikrushna shriram, nitesh kumar mishra, nagendra babu kumar, rajendra bishnoi, shivansh singh, abhijnan hazarika, penkeesu dheeraj reddy, gourav uppal, abhay rajendra daga, poorva agrawal, jamadar farhan irfan, aditi yadav, g akshay deepak, mrinal kumar, ganesna bhanusri lakshmiannapur, surbhi pathak, amitej pangtey, sameer goel, vipin dubey, manisha dharve, devashish bindal, pooja malani, harshal bhagwan ghogare, mayank dubey, neeti agarwal, devesh parashar, shivam agarwal, mohan mangawa, ishwar lal gurjar, shubham raghuvanshi, ajit singh khadda, ravi gangwar, bhanu pratap singh, maitreya kumar shukla, shashank chauhan, pritesh singh rajput, neeraj dhakad, bharti sahu, sachin gurjar, rajnish patel, puran prakash, prem singh meena, sandeep kumar meena, karmveer narwadia, abhishek meena, sachin kumar, neeraj songara, ishita kishore, uma haritha n, waseem ahmad bhat, aniruddh yadav, parsanjeet kour, abhinav siwach, vidushi singh, kritika goyal, siddharth shukla, anoushka sharma, sankhe kashmira kishor, yadav suryabhan achchhelal, ankita puwar, pourush sood, preksha agrawal, priyansha garg, tharun patnaik madala, tharun patnaik, chaitanya awasthi, sri sai ashrith shakhamuri, aashrith shakhamuri, archita goyal, tushar kumar, manan agarwal, sparsh yadav, mudra gairola, richa kulkarni, h s bhavana, dikshita joshi, maliye sri pranav, m sri pranav, tanmai khanna, vaishnavi paul, anirudha pandey, kritika mishra, utkarsh ujjwal, aaditya sharma, utkarsh kumar, bharat jai prakash meena, asad zuberi, nitish mauriya, nirmal kumar, avula saikrishna, prashant raj, muskan khurana, bhaavika thanvi, manasvi sharma, vaibhav priya, akshansh yadav, rajat yadav, rupal srivastava, aashna chaudhary, gagan singh meena, kumar sushant, dev vrat joshi, ajey singh rathore, soumya ranjan dash, srishti bhatt, khushboo oberoi, sonali mishra, mahima kasana, harsh parashar, neepa manocha, gaurav gangadhar kayandepatil, kajol singh, deepika agarwal, meivyn varghese, surbhi pathak, chaitanya khemani, ruhani ruhani, ankit kumar jain, goldi gupta, rushikesh hanmant shinde, ayasha fatima, anunay anand, mayank mudgil, aayushi bansal, zufishan haque, herrsh sharma, mahesh kumar kamtam, aranksha yadav, tarun bansal, vibhore mendiratta, gautam vivekanandan, vedika bihani, pooja yadav, rohit kumar, gaurav kumar tripathi, siddharth singh dangi, anupriya choudhary, shashi shekhar, abhishek maji, sahithya kasiraju, kasiraju pavana sai sahithya, aakriti sethi, drishti jaiswal, mahipal singh gurjar, ankur kumar, maniya verma, prashant sharma, bheda dushyant pravinkumar, bhuvi gupta, divya arjun gunde, kriti joshi, pebika lego, rishabh singh, sakshi mishra, harsh mandlik, bajrang prasad, pooja meena, pooja maeena, vikas gupta, manoj kumar, vikash senthiya, bharti meena, rakesh kumar meena, bhuvana pranith pappula, ghazalpreet kaur, ashish puniya, roshan meena, roshan meena, rajnish patel, jatin parashar, ishwar lal gurjar, harish kumar, ranveer singh, sushna sagar, sushma sagar, muktendra kumar, mithlesh kumari meena, mithlesh kumari meena, anju maeena, dinesh kumar, sunil kumar, gamini singla, aishwarya verma, utkarsh dwivedi, yaksh chaudhary, samyak s jain, ishita rathi, preetam kumar, yasharth shekhar, priyamvada ashok mhaddalkar, anshu priya, ravi kumar sihag, diksha joshi, sunil kumar dhanwanta, shruti rajlakshmi, utsav anand, saksham goel, naman goyal, navandar anay nitin, jaspinder singh, shashvat sangwan, kartikeya jaiswal, kushal jain, kushal jain, anjali shrotriya, shradha shukla, naman kumar singla, divyansh singh, akshay pillay, arpit sangal, arpit gupta, kiranmayi koppisetti, shraddha gome, mohit kasniya, anand malhotra, anendya raajsshre, gaddam sudheer kumar reddy, gaddam sudheer kumar, narayan amit malempati, shreya shree, parth gupta, namrata choubey, surbhi singla, ashutosh kumar, surbhi goyal, sampada trivedi, nikhil mahajan, antriksh jain, atulesh jha, shubham kumar, jagrati awasthi, ankita jain, mamta yadav, praveen kumar, jivani kartik nagjibhai, satyam gandhi, mithun premraj, karishma nair, sarthak agrawal, radhika gupta, sadaf choudhary, vaibhav rawat, maithreyi naidu, divya mishra, prakhar kumar singh, divyanshu choudhary, y megha swaroop, (y megha swaroop, simrandeep singh, narwade vinayak karbhari, vinayak narwade karbhari, varuna agrawal, divyanshu nigam, jubin mahapatra, vinayak chamadia, sai manasa n c, rajat ravindra ubhaykar, abhishek shukla, vidhu shekhar, jayant nahata, faizan ahmed, shailja pandey, shivakshi dixit, anisha shrivastav, akshita gupta, saloni verma, laxman tiwari, kalpesh kumar sharma, srishti singh, subhankar bala, ayushi jain, garima nautiyal, rickey agarwal, prakhar jain, aakash shrishrimal, aishwarya singh, adarsh kant shukla, catherine saranya a, bhanu pratap singh, girdhari lal meena, girdhari lal meena, vipin kumar dwivedi, ravindra kumar meena, subhash chandra meena, jatin kishore, pratibha verma, vishakha yadav, ganesh kumar baskar, abhishek saraf, sanjita mahapatra, raunak agarwal, neha bhosle, gunjan singh, shrestha anupam, nidhi bansal, abhishek jain, chandrajyoti singh, pari bishnoi, navneet mann, apurv chauhan, natisha mathur, ruchi bindal, dipankar choudhary, om kant thakur, yashni nagarjan, aranyak saikia, priyank kishore, avadh singhal, patil yogesh ashokrao, saurav pandey, nikita yadav, chandrima attri, riddhima shrivastava, darpan ahluwalia, shruti srivastava, shubhank mishra, aishwarya sheoran, singa reddy rushikesh reddy, shikhar choudhary, archana p p, bishakha jain, sidhartha gupta, aditya bansal, anshuman raj, kumar shivashish, makarandu manda, anurag dwivedi, neha bandhu, sujit shankar, punit dwivedi, raghav jain, pawan kumar goel, vishakha dabral, anukriti sharma, akarshi jain, paritosh pankaj, rishi anand, manush pareek, akshansh yadav, harshit kumar, padmini narayan, tanya singhal, angad mehta, umesh prasad gupta, harsha priyamvada, mayank mishra, moomal rajpurohit, piyush sinha, nishant saurabh, sambhav jain, nidhi thakur, nikhil agarwal, kumar biswaranjan, anchal chauhan, parikshit khatana, nongjai mohd ali akram shah, sonakshi saxena, yashpratap shrimal, raspreet singh, rahul mishra, ankur kumar jain, pooja kumar, shashank shekhar singh, chirag jain, shivam ashutosh, saransh mahajan, arushi mishra, matthews mathew, abhinav choudhary, abhinav tyagi, maninderjit kaur, mukul jamloki, varun singhal, ayush khare, manish sharma, archit nigam, ashish joon, nihal randhwa, reecha ratnam, kanishak kataria, akshat jain, junaid ahmad, srushti deshmukh, karnati varun reddy, vaishali singh, gunjan dwivedi, namrata jain, varnit negi, atirag chaplot, trupti ankush dhodmise, chitra mishra, vaibhav gondane, himanshu nagpal, sameer saurabh, manisha awhale, minal karanwal, ankur kaushik, garima agrawal, nandini maharaj, amritpal kaur, deepak kumar dubey, kumar anurag, rangashree t.k, vikram grewal, sumit kumar, sumit kumar rai, saurabh suman yadav, dileep mishra, chahat bajpai, anand kumar sharma, gss praveenchand, vibhor aggarwal, dilip pratap singh shekhawat, dalip kumar, pradeep kumar dwivedi, shivansh awasthi, khushboo gupta, jay shivani, sanya chhabra, ayushi singh, veer pratap singh, kartik jivani nagjibhai, himadree kaushik, khushboo lather, dhurav mittal, atul prakash, pratham kaushik, koya shree harsha, ayush sinha, anubhav singh, saumya sharma, ashima mittal, sagar kumar, shivani goyal, sikha surendran, abhijeet sinha, varjeet walia, akhil pilani, tapasya parihar, prudhvi tej, saad miya khan, keerthi vasan, sandeep bhagia, abhishek verma, gaurav kumar, aparna gupta, sudhir kumar, vikramaditya malik, vishal mishra, pratishtha mamgain, sambit mishra, digvijay bodke, akshat kaushal, adityavikram, priyadarshini, rohan joshi, aditya vikram yadav, manish kumar, prateek jain, haseen zahera rizvi, sanjeev kumar maurya, aprit upadhyay, rahul shinde, videh khare, anirudh kumar, kanta jagir, anmol sher singh bedi, saumya pandey, anand vardhan, shweta chauhan, bilal mohi ud din bhat, tejasvi rana, utsav kaushal, sidharth b., namami bansal, manish gurwani, sahil gupta, shailendra singh indoliya, ila tripathi, garima lekhwani, kanchan kumar kandpal, kanchan kamar kandpal, kachan kumar kandpal, abhilasha abhinav, anita yadav, pankaj yadav, artika shukla, shashank tripathi, ashish tiwari, sharanya ari, karn satyarthi, anupam shukla, siddharth jain, prathamesh kumar, chandra mohan garg, pulkit garg, sarneet kaur, ruchir pandey, ravi mittal, aayush garg, sibi adhithya, eesha priya, alankrita pandey, narendra kumar shah, harsimran singh, 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UPSC Mains 2021 Essay Question Paper - Download PDF

The UPSC Mains 2021 was conducted on 7th, 8th, 9th, 15th and 16th January 2022. The Essay paper has been conducted on 7th January 2022 in the forenoon session (9 AM to 12 PM). 

The Mains (Written) Examination consists of nine papers in total. The first stage, that is, Prelims, was conducted on October 10, 2021. 

UPSC Mains 2021 Essay Question Paper:- Download PDF Here

Download compulsory language papers from the links below:

• UPSC Mains 2021 Indian Language Paper PDF
• UPSC Mains 2021 English Language Paper PDF

To download all question papers of UPSC Mains 2021 from the linked article. 

UPSC 2021 Mains Essay Question Paper PDF

In the UPSC Essay paper, there are two sections, namely Section A and Section B. Each section consists of four questions. The aspirants have to choose one topic from each section and in total have to answer 2 essay questions. Each essay question has to be answered with a word limit ranging from 1000-1200 words. One essay question has been awarded 125 marks and the total marks allotted to the essay paper is 250 marks. This paper is counted for merit ranking. 

The Essay Topics asked in the UPSC Mains 2021 are given below:

• The process of self-discovery has now been technologically outsourced.
• Your perception of me is a reflection of you; my reaction to you is an awareness of me.
• Philosophy of wantlessness is Utopian, while materialism is a chimera.
• The real is rational and the rational is real.
• Hand that rocks the cradle rules the world.
• What is research, but a blind date with knowledge!
• History repeats itself, first as a tragedy, second as a farce.
• There are better practices to ‘best practices’.

Some of the useful links for the candidates to prepare for an essay paper are as follows:

The candidates may be required to write essays on multiple topics. While answering the essay questions, the aspirants are expected to keep closely to the subject of the essay to arrange their ideas in an orderly manner and to write concisely. It is important to remember that credit will be given for effective and exact expression.

To download the question paper PDFs of General Studies papers, the aspirants can check the links below:

The candidates can also download the question paper PDFs of UPSC Mains 2021 Optional Paper from the linked article. 

UPSC Mains 2021 Essay Paper:- Download PDF Here

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10 Best Cooling Mattress Pads and Toppers, According to Testing

Finally, put night sweats to rest.

We've been independently researching and testing products for over 120 years. If you buy through our links, we may earn a commission. Learn more about our review process.

Best Overall Cooling Mattress Pad

Slumber cloud performance mattress pad.

Best Value Cooling Mattress Pad

Sleep zone cooling quilted mattress pad.

Best Overall Cooling Mattress Topper

Viscosoft memory foam mattress topper.

We make it easy to build your dream summer bed so you can get your best sleep by testing all types of cooling bedding like cooling comforters , cooling blankets and cooling sheets , along with cooling mattress pads and toppers. During our testing, our testers try out each style to give feedback on comfort, temperature regulation, ease of set-up and more. Then our Textiles Lab pros assess each style’s cooling features, such as perforated foam or cooling technologies like Outlast and 37.5 that help store and release heat to keep you at a more stable body temperature. Whether you're looking for the best cooling mattress pad for hot flashes or a mattress topper for night sweats, you'll find the contenders that rose to the top below.

"I would have been skeptical about buying this because I wouldn't have believed that it works – it's so slim and doesn't seem to have a cooling gel or anything you'd notice, but it really works!" said one impressed tester. Slumber Cloud, a past GH Bedding Awards winner, offers a traditional-style mattress pad that goes on your mattress just as easily as a fitted sheet — and it uses Outlast technology to keep you cool. That means the pad absorbs heat when you get overheated and releases it when you are too cold , preventing night sweats in the first place. With Outlast technology integrated into the Tencel cover and a plush down-alternative fill inside, it has a soft feel while wicking away moisture for extra cooling. Our testers loved this pick's cooling capabilities, with one saying it "substantially helped regulate my temperature and kept me cool through the night." One thing to keep in mind is that some noticed the pad has the potential to bunch up as they moved around in their sleep.

At an amazing price of just $40 , this cooling mattress pad from Sleep Zone has nearly 14,000 Amazon reviews. The microfiber yarns are treated with NANOTEX cooling technology, which helps the material wick away moisture to keep you cool. Reviewers love the plush, quilted down-alternative pillowtop that feels like "sleeping in a cloud." Its deep-pocket design stretches to accommodate mattresses up to 21 inches, but a few online reviewers noted some shrinkage after washing. GH Lab pros cannot wait to put this style to the test. "It's so soft and comfortable," another online reviewer added. "I haven't slept so well in years."

If your mattress has lost the supportive feel you love, it may be time to consider a mattress topper that will transform your sleeping experience without having to purchase a whole new mattress. This style from ViscoSoft has two-inch, three-inch and four-inch thickness options and has over 12,000 Amazon reviews. The foam is perforated throughout to help dissipate heat and allow more airflow. Because of its memory foam material and substantial height, testers said it was a bit more challenging to unroll onto their bed and it took some time for the foam smell to fade. However, they appreciated the corner straps to keep it tight and secure once it was on and the supportiveness it added to their mattresses. "I like the way it conforms to your body while still providing support," said one tester. Another tester added, "This mattress topper added some much-needed firmness to my mattress for good back support." With high marks for comfort and support, we recommend this pick for those who prefer a firmer feel.

Zinus Green Tea Cooling Gel Memory Foam Mattress Topper

When it comes to mattress pads and toppers, most will set you back at least $100, but this topper comes in on the affordable side. This gel-infused memory foam version from Zinus is designed to provide the comfort of memory foam without storing heat like traditional foam toppers can . The foam is infused with gel that helps prevent a hot, stuffy feel, but GH pros weren't able to verify if the green tea infusion helped limit odors. Testers loved that it "never moved out of place" and was overall firm and supportive. One tester even said, "I felt like I was sleeping on a high-end mattress at a luxury hotel." You have the option to purchase this topper with a machine-washable cover, but it costs extra.

Sleep Number DualTemp Individual Layer Mattress Pad

Perfect for couples who can never agree on being too warm or too cold, this electric mattress topper allows you to regulate the temperature on your side of the bed, while your sleeping partner can customize theirs. With both cool and warm settings controlled with a remote, the airflow technology changes the temperature of the pad, thanks to air flowing through small channels throughout the pad. You can also set the timer to automatically shut off if you do not want it running all night.

While this pick is definitely an investment, testers say that the comfort from Sleep Number products is "unmatched." This topper pairs perfectly with a Sleep Number mattress, but it also can be used with a mattress from any brand. Keep in mind that each side is sold separately, so to cover the entire mattress, you would need to purchase two. This pick is spot clean only.

Pottery Barn SleepSmart 37.5 Waterproof Mattress Protector

To ensure your bed stays comfy — and dry, opt for a lined mattress protector with a plush surface. This mattress pad from Pottery Barn is waterproof to keep your mattress safe from spills and leaks, while the down-alternative fill makes it feel fluffier than most mattress protectors, although it does have less cushioning than the other picks on this list. Made with 37.5 technology that stores and releases heat throughout the night in both the outer fabric and inner fill, this option is designed to prevent night sweats.

SIJO TempTune Mattress Pad

Impressed by its pillowy feel, testers appreciated how soft and cushioning this Sijo pad felt, elevating too-firm mattresses. It's made with CLIMA fiber, which the company refers to as a phase-change material that stores and releases heat to help keep you cooler when you're hot and warmer when you're cold. Be mindful that our testers didn't find the cooling effect as powerful as with the other picks so it's best for those who don't like their bed that cold. We love that this pick features a waterproof layer to help protect your mattress and can fit mattresses up to 18 inches deep. One tester exclaimed, " it fits the bed perfectly and does not shift around. It is quiet and light, and easy to clean!"

Eight Sleep Pod Cover

The Eight Sleep Pod Cover provides the ultimate high-tech experience to optimize your sleep. There are wires carrying water throughout the inside of this mattress pad so you can adjust its temperature from 55°F to 110°F for both heating and cooling capabilities, keeping you comfortable year-round. A game-changer for couples: you can change the temperature on each side of the bed, so you can both have your dream sleeping environment. After using this pod, Olivia Lipski , a GH tech editor, said “ I'm a hot sleeper and I didn't wake up sweaty once throughout the night while using this!” It pairs with an app on your phone for high-tech features like auto-temperature adjustment, vibration and thermal alarms and sleep reports. The app costs $15–24 a month and is required for the first 12 months of purchase. “The alarm feature that vibrates to wake you up was fun to try (and definitely works),” according to Lipski. She also noted that she could feel the wires through the pad at times.

PlushBeds Handmade Natural Wool Topper

Wool has natural temperature-regulating properties: It'll cool you down in warm weather and keep you warm in colder temps. Testers were delighted that this 3-inch-thick, tufted topper from PlushBeds felt like "a big hug," making their mattresses so much softer than before. GH Institute fiber scientists love that this past GH Bedding Awards winner is made from quality materials like the GOTs-certified organic cotton sateen cover and the ethically sourced virgin wool fill, that is moisture-wicking and breathable. However, if you have any sensitivities to wool, this is not a good option for you.

Airley Tencel Jacquard Mattress Protector

A protector is designed to keep your bed safe from spills, allergens and everyday wear and tear. This cooling protector from Airley has a waterproof layer and is made with cooling Tencel that’s soft and helps wick away moisture for a cooler feel. All testers noted that this protector was quiet under their sheets and helped keep them at a stable body temperature. “I like that the mattress protector is comfortable and unnoticeable,” said one tester. “I couldn’t feel it under the sheets, no plastic-y sounds when moving.” A tester reported that “it felt cool and comfortable,” while another agreed saying, “It kept me cool and dry, which I loved.” Testers appreciated that this pad has labels on the long and short sides, so it’s easy to put on your bed. Because it has minimal cushioning, this protector will not significantly change the feel of your bed and is instead designed to protect your mattress.

How we test the best cooling mattress pads and toppers

Pros in the Good Housekeeping Institute Textiles Lab have sent 54 different mattress pads and toppers to over 120 consumer testers , leading to hundreds of data points to analyze to help us narrow down to the options. Testers provided feedback on comfort, support, ease of set-up, feel and more. In addition to having testers try them out firsthand, GH fiber scientists reviewed product claims, cooling features and evaluated the construction of each pad or topper. After sorting through hundreds of data points, GH pros chose these picks based on extensive testing and product claim review to ensure you'll find the best cooling mattress pad or topper for your bed.

How do cooling mattress pads and toppers work?

Many products claim to provide cooling benefits, but there are no set definitions of what "cooling" actually means. Therefore, brands can make these claims with nothing to back them up. GH textiles pros are here to help you shop for cooling bedding that will really work. Here's what to look for:

✔️ Cooling technologies: Threads treated with phase-change technologies store and release heat to keep you at a stable body temperature and provide real cooling effects. Opt for well-vetted technologies like Outlast and 37.5.

✔️ Smart features: The only way to actually adjust the exact temperature of your sleeping environment is with active cooling properties that circulate air or water through the surface of the pad or topper. You can set the exact temperature for a cool feel in the summer and more warmth in the winter. These are great options for couples as you can customize the feel of each side of the mattress separately. Note that these smart features tend to be pricey.

✔️ Temperature-regulating or moisture-wicking materials: While cotton’s soft, natural, breathable feel makes it popular in bedding, it’s not a very cooling material. Cotton holds onto moisture: It won’t wick away sweat during the night, so you’ll continue to feel sweaty, which can be uncomfortable and wake you up. Moisture-wicking materials like Tencel and lyocell/viscose pull the moisture away for a drier feel and more comfortable sleep. Wool also has great temperature-regulating properties, making it an excellent pick for both warm and cold weather.

What to look for when shopping for a cooling mattress pad and topper

In addition to cooling features, you should keep these considerations in mind when shopping for a new mattress pad or topper:

✔️ Stay-put design: A big complaint we hear from testers around mattress pads and toppers is that they shift during the night. Opt for styles with a stretchy bottom band or straps to keep it perfectly in place, even if you toss and turn.

✔️ Thickness: You may think that 'the thicker, the better,' but the height of a mattress pad or topper should be considered before purchasing. Make sure that you have sheets that can accommodate the new height of your bed with the addition of your topper. You may need to purchase deep-pocket sheets if the height of your mattress and topper combined is over 12 inches tall.

✔️ Firmness: Toppers and pads are available in different firmness levels from plush and cloud-like to firm and supportive. Your sleeping position can help inform what level of firmness is best for you. Back sleepers should opt for a firmer bed, while side sleepers need a softer feel to support their hips and shoulders.

✔️ Washability: Some mattress pads are machine washable while others aren't, so make sure to check the care label. Most toppers aren't machine washable because they use thicker materials like memory foam. For toppers, look for machine-washable covers.

✔️ Waterproof: If you want to avoid having a mattress protector and a mattress pad, choose a style with a waterproof layer. This way, your mattress is still protected if you spill something on your bed.

What material is best for cooling mattress pads and toppers?

When thinking about which material is best for your mattress pad or topper, you need to consider how you want your mattress to feel. Do you want your bed to be firmer and more supportive? Do you want a plusher, softer, cozier bed? Here's how to choose the perfect material to upgrade your mattress:

✔️ If you want a plusher feel, look for fluffy materials like down, down alternative or wool. These materials have an airy, lofty texture that creates a cloud-like sleeping environment.

✔️ If you need more support and firmness, opt for more supportive materials like solid memory foam or latex that will conform to your body for proper spinal alignment. Gel-infused or perforated foams will help keep you cooler as memory foam is known to trap heat. Usually, foams are featured in mattress toppers.

Don't forget to consider the cover material of the mattress pad or topper. Tencel/lyocell and polyester are great at wicking away moisture if you have night sweats.

What’s the difference between a mattress pad, mattress topper and mattress protector?

Each of these pairs with your mattress to make your bed more comfortable, but they each have different design features and purposes.

✔️ Mattress pads add a cozy top layer with a little bit of cushioning. They go on the mattress like a fitted sheet.

✔️ Mattress toppers are usually thicker and offer even more cushioning. Resting on top of your mattress, some have straps to keep them secure and others are kept in place by your fitted sheet that goes over top.

✔️ Mattress protectors keep your mattress safe from accidental spills, allergens and general wear and tear. Some are available with plush cushioning to act as a mattress pad and protector combo. Others with a deep pocket can go over a mattress topper too.

Why trust Good Housekeeping?

Emma Seymour is a senior textiles product analyst. She’s been at Good Housekeeping for over five years, overseeing Lab and consumer tests for all types of cooling bedding, including cooling sheets, cooling comforters and these cooling mattress pads and toppers. With a degree in Fiber Science and Apparel Design from Cornell University, she has extensive research experience and product quality assessment expertise.

More cooling bedding to check out:

• Best Cooling Pillows
• Best Cooling Sheets
• Best Cooling Mattresses
• Best Cooling Blankets
• Best Cooling Comforters
• Best Cooling Pajamas
• Best Linen Sheets

Emma Seymour (she/her) is a senior product analyst at the Good Housekeeping Institute 's Textiles, Paper and Apparel Lab, where she has led testing for luggage, pillows, towels, tampons and more since 2018. She graduated from Cornell University with a bachelor of science in fiber science and apparel design and a minor in gerontology, completing research in the Body Scanner Lab on optimizing activewear for athletic performance. 

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‘A Quiet Place: Day One’ Review: Silent Beginnings

The chills are more effective than the thrills in this prequel to the “A Quiet Place” franchise.

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By Elisabeth Vincentelli

The cat. It’s all about the cat.

No matter what else happens in “A Quiet Place: Day One,” no matter how sensational Lupita Nyong’o is — and she is — her character’s feline buddy is going to take over the story and, likely, the discourse around it.

Mind you, there also was a cat, Jones, in “Alien,” a movie that’s a major influence on the “Quiet Place” universe — one in which aliens land on Earth and massacre everybody for no reason besides sheer killing instinct. John Krasinski’s “A Quiet Place” (2018) and “A Quiet Place Part II” (2021) laid down the basic parameters, mainly that the creatures’ extremely developed hearing makes up for their blindness, and they hate bodies of water.

But Jones was peripheral to “Alien,” the masterpiece that kicked off a franchise revolving around body invasion. Our fearless new hero is very much embedded in the theme running through all three “Quiet Place” movies: the importance of family, whether biological or chosen.

In Michael Sarnoski’s prequel, Frodo (played by both Nico and Schnitzel) is the support cat of Samira (Nyong’o), a New York City poet living in crippling cancer-induced pain in a hospice. She takes Frodo everywhere, including an outing to a puppet show, where the audience members include a man (Djimon Hounsou) whom viewers of the second movie will instantly recognize. When the invasion begins, he is quick to impart the importance of making as little noise as possible to avoid alerting the attackers.

Somehow borne on meteorites (don’t ask), the aliens immediately get down to their gruesome business. The movie allows us a few good looks at the toothy monsters, who made me think of hellish Giacometti sculptures. But otherwise Sarnoski (who made the endearing Nicolas Cage drama “Pig” ) does not add all that much crucial new information to their basic character sheet — “Day One” is refreshingly free of origin story explaining.

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