essay of parrot in nepali

Essay on National Bird of Nepal

The national bird of Nepal is the Himalayan Monal, scientifically known as Lophophorus impejanus. This vibrant and majestic bird holds significant cultural and ecological importance in the country. Also known as the Danphe, it was declared the national bird of Nepal in 1963.

The Himalayan Monal is a strikingly colorful bird, with its iridescent plumage displaying a mesmerizing array of hues. The male Monal is particularly breathtaking, featuring a metallic sheen of green, blue, and copper on its feathers. This unique and dazzling appearance has contributed to the bird’s symbolic representation in various cultural aspects of Nepal.

In Nepalese folklore and mythology, the Himalayan Monal is often associated with divine beings and is considered a symbol of good fortune and prosperity. Its presence in traditional art and religious ceremonies further highlights its cultural significance. The bird’s captivating beauty has inspired poets and artists alike, becoming a muse for expressing the natural splendor of the Himalayan region.

Beyond its cultural importance, the Himalayan Monal plays a crucial role in maintaining the ecological balance of Nepal’s mountainous landscapes. It inhabits the alpine and subalpine regions, contributing to the biodiversity of these high-altitude ecosystems. As an omnivorous bird, the Monal’s diet includes a variety of seeds, insects, and vegetation, making it an essential link in the food chain.

Conservation efforts have been initiated to protect the habitat of the Himalayan Monal and ensure its survival. The bird faces challenges such as habitat loss and fragmentation due to human activities, as well as poaching. Conservationists and wildlife enthusiasts emphasize the importance of preserving the pristine mountain habitats to safeguard not only the Monal but also the entire ecosystem.

In conclusion, the national bird of Nepal, the Himalayan Monal, is more than just a visually stunning creature; it is a symbol deeply intertwined with the cultural and ecological identity of the country. Its vibrant presence in Nepal’s folklore, art, and landscapes underscores the need for conservation efforts to protect both the bird and its habitat, ensuring that future generations can continue to marvel at the beauty of this national treasure.

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What is the significance of the Himalayan Monal being the national bird of Nepal?

The Himalayan Monal, or Danphe, holds cultural significance in Nepal, being associated with divine beings, good fortune, and prosperity in Nepalese folklore and mythology. Its vibrant plumage has inspired artists and poets, making it a symbol of the natural beauty of the Himalayan region.

Why was the Himalayan Monal chosen as the national bird of Nepal?

The decision to designate the Himalayan Monal as the national bird in 1963 was influenced by its strikingly colorful appearance and its representation in Nepalese culture. The bird’s unique and dazzling plumage, particularly in the case of the male Monal, made it a visually captivating symbol that resonated with the cultural identity of the country.

What conservation efforts are in place to protect the Himalayan Monal in Nepal?

Conservation initiatives aim to safeguard the Himalayan Monal and its habitat in Nepal. These efforts include measures to address habitat loss and fragmentation caused by human activities, as well as tackling the challenges of poaching. Conservationists emphasize the importance of preserving the pristine mountain environments to ensure the long-term survival of the Monal and maintain the ecological balance of the high-altitude ecosystems it inhabits.

36 Common Birds Found In Nepal

July 29, 2023 October 25, 2023

Nepal is home to a wide variety of birds, from the majestic Himalayan griffon vulture to the colorful Indian roller. With over 850 species of birds found in the country, Nepal is one of the most important birding destinations in the world.

The country is also home to some of the most endangered species of birds in the world, including the critically endangered Bengal florican and the endangered Lesser Florican.

We will take a look at some of the most interesting Nepal birds and their unique characteristics.

1. Himalayan Monal

The Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus) is a beautiful species of pheasant native to the forests and shrublands of the Himalayas. It can be found at elevations ranging from 2,100-4,500 meters.

This magnificent creature has been listed as Least Concern on IUCN’s Red List due to its wide distribution range and stable population size.

In Nepal it is known as Danphe or Danfe, which also happens to be their national bird.

Uttarakhand in India recognizes this species as their state bird too. The colorful feathers boast hues of green, blue and bronze that make them quite captivating to watch out for.

Scientific classification:

2. Spiny Babbler

The Spiny Babbler (Turdoides nipalensis) is an exotic species of bird found only in the Middle Hills region of Nepal. Commonly known as Kande Bhyakur, meaning “thorny bird” this small passerine resides around the Kathmandu valley near Godavari and Phulchoki area close to Lalitpur.

It has a dark-brown body with white patches on wings and tail; its backside is spiky due to long feathers giving it unique look among other birds. Its diet consists mainly of insects such as beetles, spiders, crickets etc., but also eat fruits from time to time like berries or wild apples.

The Spiny Babblers are monogamous pair living together for many years until one dies off after which they find new partner again for mating season.

3. Satyr Tragopan

The Satyr tragopan is a majestic bird found in the Himalayan region of India, Tibet, Nepal and Bhutan.

It inhabits moist oak and rhododendron forests with dense undergrowth and bamboo clumps at altitudes ranging from 2400 to 4200 meters during summer months and 1800 meters during winter.

The male measures around 70 cm long. During mating season, males become even more striking as they display their beautiful crimson-colored horns atop their head while fanning out an impressive tail adorned with blue spots.

These birds are omnivorous but primarily feed on berries, fruits seeds plants shoots along with small insects like ants & beetles for added nutrition.

Its unique plumage makes it distinctive among other pheasants species making them popular targets for hunters who seek its feathers as trophies or decorative items .

Monal is a bird belonging to genus Lophophorus of the pheasant family, Phasianidae. The male Monals have colorful and iridescent plumage which makes them attractive.

They are plump in shape with their diet consisting mostly of plants such as roots and bulbs along with some insects thrown in for good measure.

During mating season, the males become polygamous by taking multiple partners while females only stick to one partner forming monogamous relationships.

Overall it can be said that Monal birds make an interesting sight due to their fascinating characteristics and vibrant colors.

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5. Macronus Gularis

The Macronus gularis bird, commonly known as the Pin-Striped Tit-Babbler or Yellow-Breasted Babbler, is a species of Old World babbler found in South and Southeast Asia.

It was first described by American naturalist Thomas Horsfield in 1822 based on specimens collected from Sumatra.

The name ‘Macronus’ comes from the Greek words for “long” and “nose”, referring to its long beak.

They have brownish gray upperparts with paler underparts covered with bold black streaks along their sides and wings; they also have yellow throats which make them easily recognizable at a distance.

Macronus gularis are social birds that live in small groups of 3-10 individuals and communicate through loud calls such as chirps or trills but also use contact calls like whistles when separated from other members of their group.

Their diet consists mainly of insects, fruits, seeds, flowers buds – making them important pollinators.

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6. Black-Crested Bulbul

The Black-crested bulbul is a passerine bird belonging to the Bulbul Family. It can be found in India, Southeast Asia and other parts of the Indian subcontinent.

This species was first described under genus Vanga but later moved to Pycnonotus. However recent studies have revealed that this genus is polyphyletic leading five bulbuls including black-creasted ones to be placed in different genera.

The adult has an entirely black plumage with yellowish ventral side while juveniles are brownish grey above and whitish below having some pale streaks on their backsides as well.

Its diet consists mainly of fruits, insects and flower nectar which it feeds upon foraging among foliage or perching atop trees nearby water bodies like pools and streams.

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7. Red-Billed Blue Magpie

The Red-billed Blue Magpie is a beautiful bird, found in the crow family. It has an impressive size of 65 to 68 cm and weighs 196 – 232 g. Its tail length is one of the longest among other corvid species which makes it stand out even more.

This majestic looking creature was first described by French polymath Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon back in 1775.

The Red-billed blue magpie can be easily identified due to its stunning blue plumage with white underparts as well as red bill and feet.

Their call consists of either chattering or loud caws that they use while communicating with their flock members during flight or when foraging on ground together.

8. Streaked Laughingthrush

The Streaked Laughingthrush is a species of bird found mainly in the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent and some adjoining areas, such as Afghanistan, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia and Tajikistan.

It has distinctive white stripes on its head and back that contrast with its rufous-brown feathers. The birds usually inhabit dense forests where they feed on insects among other things.

They are social creatures often seen foraging together in flocks or pairs during daytime hours though they may also be active nocturnally too.

The subspecies imbricatum is sometimes considered to be a separate species; the Bhutan laughingthrush.

In Kullu Manali region it can commonly be spotted around water sources like rivers or streams looking out for food items while making their characteristic “laughing” call which helps them communicate with one another over long distances.

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9. Common Green Magpie

The Common green magpie is a stunningly beautiful bird belonging to the crow family. It has bright green feathers, slightly lighter on its underside and with a thick black stripe running from its bill through its eyes and down to the nape of its neck.

Growing roughly up to the size of a Eurasian jay or even smaller, its native habitat ranges across East Asia including India, China & Japan where they are often found in forests near water sources.

They have adapted well to human environments to make them popular as cage birds though their color can fade due to poor diet if not given carotenoid-based food regularly.

All in all these gorgeous birds make for both incredible wildlife sightings but also wonderful additions as pets.

10. Pin-Tailed Green Pigeon

The Pin-tailed Green Pigeon is a stunning bird native to Southeast Asia. It has yellow-green plumage with darker green wing coverts and scapulars, as well as black outer secondaries and primaries.

Males are distinguished by their golden tail feathers which give this species its name. They have an average weight of 185 – 255 grams and measure between 28 cm (females) up to 36 cm (males).

These beautiful birds often inhabit open forests or woodlands in search for food such as fruit, seeds, buds and blossoms.

The Pin-tailed Green Pigeon will make an excellent addition to any aviary.

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11. Black-Headed Jay

The Black-headed Jay is a stunning bird with its black head and crest, contrasting against the brown feathers of its body. It has long tail feathers that give it an elongated appearance.

This species can be found in Eastern Afghanistan, across the Himalayas to India, Nepal and Bhutan. They are roughly similar size as Eurasian jays but have slightly shorter and thicker bills.

These birds forage on ground level for insects or seeds which they store in their crop before taking them back to their roosts where they feed others from their stash – this behaviour makes them quite popular among farmers.

In addition they also eat fruits such as berries when available during winter months providing food sources for other animals too due to regurgitation of undigested remains.

12. Bar-Tailed Treecreeper

The Bar-tailed Treecreeper is a species of bird found in the northern parts of the Indian subcontinent, including Afghanistan, India, Iran and Nepal.

It has adapted to live mainly in coniferous forests and rocky hillsides at an altitude range from 1000m – 4500m.

Its plumage is generally greyish brown above with white underparts and rufous wings; it also bears a small bill which helps them seek out insects hidden deep within tree bark or cracks.

They are agile climbers who creep up trunks searching for food such as ants and other tiny invertebrates using their long curved claws.

The Himalayan Treecreeper can often be seen clambering around trees during its active hours between dawn till dusk making loud calls that sound like “chick chick”.

13. Lesser Racket-Tailed Drongo

The Lesser racket-tailed drongo is a beautiful bird found in the Indian Subcontinent and Southeast Asia. It can reach up to 25–27·5 cm long, excluding its famously long tail feathers which can add another 10–15cm onto its length.

This species has an average weight of 39–49g for males and 35·5 –44 g for females, helping to differentiate it from the Greater Racket-Tailed Drongo.

These birds are known for their glossy black plumage with white spots on their wings as well as two distinctive ‘rackets’ at the end of their tails – giving them one of the longest tails compared to other members of this family.

They also have curved beaks perfect for catching insects and fruit which make up majority of their diet.

14. Variegated Laughingthrush

The Variegated Laughingthrush is a beautiful species of bird found primarily in the northern regions of India, Bhutan, Nepal and Tibet. Endemic to low-to-mid altitudes of the Himalayas, it has stunning plumage consisting of black and white markings on its wings and tail feathers.

This medium-sized laughingthrush measures between 24 – 26 cm long and typically weighs 57 – 79 grams. It’s known for having a loud call which can be heard from some distance away.

As with many other birds in this region, habitat destruction poses one of the biggest threats to their existence; however conservation efforts are being made to protect these amazing creatures.

15. Abbott’s Babbler

Abbott’s babbler is a unique bird that can be found along the Himalayas and in South Asia. It has a short tail and stout body, making it easily identifiable among other birds.

The Abbott’s babbler forages close to the ground in pairs, usually hidden within dense undergrowth or vegetation. They are known for their distinctive calls which reveal their presence even when they cannot be seen.

This species was first described by English zoologist Edward Blyth back in 1845 and since then it has been well studied due to its popularity among avian enthusiasts. Abbott’s babblers typically inhabit forests but have also been sighted in agricultural areas such as tea plantations with open grassland habitats nearby.

16. Black-Eared Shrike-Babbler

The black-eared shrike-babbler is a species of bird in the Vireonidae family found throughout Southeast Asia, particularly in the Himalayas.

Its behavior and habits resemble those of vireos due to convergent evolution, although it was traditionally considered an aberrant Old World babbler placed within the Timaliidae family.

This small bird has distinct black ear patches with white borders against its brown upperparts and greyish underparts.

It feeds on insects such as grasshoppers, caterpillars and other invertebrates while foraging among foliage or branches near forest edges.

They also eat fruits like figs during winter months when insect availability decreases significantly.

The Black-eared shrike-babbler is usually seen alone or in pairs interacting through calls that create melodious sounds echoing across their native forests habitats.

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17. Whiskered Yuhina

The Whiskered Yuhina is a small bird species that can be found in the Himalayan forests of Northern India, Nepal, Bhutan and Bangladesh. It also inhabits Indochina including Laos, Myanmar, Thailand and Vietnam.

This beautiful creature has gray upper parts along with white underparts while its head has black-and-white stripes across it. Its natural habitat includes subtropical or tropical moist montane forests where they are usually seen in flocks foraging through trees for insects and nectar from flowers as their primary diet source.

Despite its declining population due to deforestation activities this species still remains common throughout much of its range with conservation measures being put into place by local governments to protect them from further degradation of habitats which will help maintain healthy populations for generations to come.

18. Black-Chinned Yuhina

The Black-chinned Yuhina is a small bird belonging to the white-eye family Zosteropidae.

It can be found in various parts of India and Southeast Asia, from Himalayan regions eastward down through Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, Laos , Myanmar Nepal Tibet and Thailand.

These birds prefer subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests for their habitat where they feed on insects like termites that are commonly found there.

In addition to being active during day time hours these little creatures often form large flocks with other species like barbets and cuckoos when looking for food sources.

They have remarkable black chins which distinguishes them among other members of this family making them quite unique.

19. Bay Woodpecker

The Bay Woodpecker is a species of bird found in many parts of Asia, from Bangladesh to Vietnam. This small but colorful bird lives in subtropical or tropical moist lowland and montane forests.

It has an olive-brown back with white barring on the wings and tail feathers, while its belly is yellowish-white spotted with cinnamon brown. Its diet consists mainly of insects such as ants, beetles, termites and caterpillars.

The call of this woodpecker can be heard echoing through the trees – it’s a loud “krrr” noise.

As well as foraging for food alone or in pairs during the day time, they also use their long bills to excavate nest cavities high up into tree trunks where they lay eggs at night time.

These birds are important seed dispersers due to their constant movement between habitats which helps spread new varieties of plants throughout different areas – making them essential components within local ecosystems.

20. Brown-Fronted Woodpecker

The Brown-fronted Woodpecker is a species of bird that belongs to the Picidae family. It inhabits the northern regions of India, primarily in lower and middle altitudes of Himalayas, as well as Afghanistan, Nepal, Pakistan and Bhutan.

These birds are known for their distinct brown front with white spots on either side near its forehead. They typically feed on ants and other insects which they find by tapping or pecking at tree bark with their strong beaks.

Besides insect prey these woodpeckers also occasionally eat fruits such as berries from nearby trees too.

Taxonomically speaking this species may belong to either Dendrocopos or Leiopicus genera depending upon various authorities; however both agree on one thing – it’s an amazing sight to behold when you spot them flitting around looking for food.

21. Darjeeling Woodpecker

The Darjeeling woodpecker is a beautiful species of bird found in the Himalayan region and northern parts of India. It has black upperparts with white scapular patches, while its neck sides are yellow.

The male also has a red nape patch on the back of its head. Its flight feathers and tail sides have white bars, making it stand out from other birds in this area.

This medium-sized pied woodpecker can be easily recognized by its distinct colouring pattern which helps distinguish it from similar looking species like Lesser Yellownape Woodpeckers or Streak-throated Woodpeckers that reside in these regions as well.

22. Black-Hooded Oriole

The Black-hooded Oriole is a beautiful and unique bird found in tropical southern Asia. It has black feathers on its head, giving it the name “black hooded”.

Its diet consists of insects, fruit, especially figs which can be found in the tree canopy where they spend most of their time. They build nests high up on trees to lay their eggs – usually two per nest.

The orioles are active during daybreak and nightfall when they search for food or mates. Their bright colors make them noticeable even from afar making them an interesting sight for any nature lover with a keen eye.

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23. Bar-Winged Flycatcher-Shrike

The Bar-winged Flycatcher-Shrike is a small passerine bird found in the forests of tropical southern Asia, ranging from the Himalayas and hills of India to Indonesia.

These birds inhabit mid-canopy levels in the forest, often joining mixed species flocks while they search for food.

With its distinctive pattern of black and white plumage on its head and wings, this flycatcher can be easily identified by experienced bird watchers.

They are mainly insectivorous birds that feed upon insects such as moths, beetles and flies which they capture using their sharp bill or talons during flight.

The bar-winged flycatcher has adapted well to life in these woodlands with an agile nature allowing it to navigate quickly through dense foliage when searching for prey or evading predators.

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24. Black Baza

The Black Baza is a small bird of prey found in the forests of Northeast India, Eastern Himalayas. China and Southeast Asia. It has short stout legs with strong talons for gripping its prey and sports a prominent crest atop its head.

During winter season many populations migrate to south Peninsula and Sri Lanka where they can find food more easily than their native habitats dense forest areas.

The black bazas diet consists mainly of insects, lizards, small birds or mammals as well as fruits like figs which make up about 45% of what it eats during summer months when insect availability is low around them.

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25. Brown-Flanked Bush Warbler

The brown-flanked bush warbler is a species of bird found in South Asia. It belongs to the family Cettiidae, and was previously classified as an Old World Warbler.

This small songbird has primarily yellowish green plumage; its back and wings are darker than its breast, which sports faint streaks of light brown coloration along the flanks.

Its diet consists mainly of insects caught on foliage or during short flights between trees foraging for food.

The Brown-Flanked Bush Warbler nests in dense shrubs near water sources, where it will also sing loudly during both morning and evening hours throughout late spring time when they are most active before migrating southward until returning again next year with warmer temperatures.

26. Nepal House Martin

The Nepal house martin is a small passerine bird belonging to the swallow family Hirundinidae. It has two subspecies which breed in the Himalayas from northwestern India through Nepal, Myanmar and northern Vietnam up to China.

They inhabit river valleys and wooded mountain ridges at altitudes between 1,000-4,000m where they nest in large colonies beneath overhangs of rocks or buildings with open eaves.

The birds are non-migratory but may wander locally within their range during winter months when food can be scarce.

Their diet consists mainly of flying insects such as flies, wasps and bees which they catch on short flights above fields near water sources. These charming little birds have white underparts with brownish upper parts making them easily recognizable for those lucky enough to spot one.

27. Fire-Tailed Sunbird

The Fire-tailed Sunbird is a stunning species of sunbird that can be found in the northern parts of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal and Tibet.

It typically inhabits temperate forests and subtropical or tropical areas. This bird has an attractive appearance with its bright yellow chestnut head crest along with its red tail feathers.

The males possess long metallic green upperparts whereas females have brownish grey plumage on their backside.

Also they both feature reddish bills which are used to feed nectar from flowers as well as small insects like flies and grasshoppers for protein consumption .

They prefer to build nests high up near streamsides where water sources are easily accessible during all seasons of the year making it easier for them to survive in harsh climates during winter months.

28. Dark-Breasted Rosefinch

The Dark-breasted Rosefinch is a stunning species of true finch found across Asia in countries such as Bhutan, China, India, Laos and Vietnam.

This small bird has an unmistakable plumage with its dark brown chest contrasted against light grey wings and tail feathers.

It inhabits boreal forests and subtropical or tropical high-altitude shrublands where it feeds on seeds from pine trees as well as insects.

The genus Procarduelis was created specifically for this species because of their unique features which differ from other true finches like the House Finch or Goldfinches.

They are social birds that form tight flocks when searching for food sources throughout winter months but during breeding season they become more solitary creatures yet remain loyal to the same nesting sites year after year.

29. Pink-Browed Rosefinch

The Pink-browed Rosefinch is a beautiful bird found in the northern regions of the Indian subcontinent, mainly in the Himalayas. It has an unmistakable pinkish brow and upperparts, with a white belly and black wings.

During its migration it can be seen across Bhutan, Tibet, India, Nepal and Pakistan. This finch prefers boreal forests or dry subtropical climates but also visits open woodlands for feeding purposes.

Its diet consists mostly of seeds from grasses as well as other small plants such as clover or thistle flowers; insects are also reported to make up part of their diet during breeding season when extra protein sources are needed for chicks growth development .

With its vibrant plumage colors this species makes a spectacular sight.

30. Blanford’s Rosefinch

Blanford’s rosefinch is a species of finch found in Bhutan, China, India and Nepal. They inhabit boreal forests and were formerly placed in the genus Carpodacus with other rosefinches.

However, recent phylogenetic analysis shows that they are distinct enough to be classified as their own monotypic genus Agraphospiza.

These birds have striking crimson feathers which make them stand out from other nearby species.

Their diet mainly consists of seeds but also includes nuts, fruits and insects when available during breeding season.

Blanford’s Rosefinch has an interesting habitat preference; while usually seen near coniferous trees they can often be spotted around human habitations such as farmsteads or gardens due to their fondness for cultivated grains like wheat or millet.

31. Black-And-Yellow Grosbeak

The Black-and-yellow Grosbeak is a species of finch native to northern parts of the Indian subcontinent, primarily in lower and middle Himalayas. It has an unmistakable black head with yellow wings, back and breast which makes it easily identifiable from other birds.

This bird can be found in temperate forests across Afghanistan, India, Iran Nepal and Pakistan. The female grosbeaks have slightly duller colours than males but are still quite striking to look at due to their bright plumage.

They feed on the ground for insects as well as fruits like berries or seeds from trees or shrubs making them omnivores by nature .

All in all ,the Black-andYellow Grosbeak is a beautiful addition to any forest landscape that deserves more recognition for its beauty.

32. Brown Accentor

The Brown Accentor is a small bird native to parts of Central Asia and the Middle East. It belongs to the Prunellidae family, which includes some of Europe’s most common passerines.

This species has brown upperparts with lighter spots on its chest and back, while its head and throat are light greyish-white in coloration.

Its underparts are whitish or yellowish-buff that fades into a dark rusty hue at the tail tip.

The Brown Accentor feeds mainly on insects it finds foraging through ground vegetation like low shrubs or grasses but also eats seeds when available.

As such, it prefers dry Mediterranean habitats with sparsely vegetated areas where there is ample food availability throughout the year.

Though relatively widespread across much of their range due to an adaptable nature, this species can be threatened by habitat destruction caused by human activities such as agricultural expansion or urbanization.

33. Bengal Bush Lark

The Bengal bush lark (Mirafra assamica) is a bird belonging to the family Alaudidae, found in southern Asia. It has two races – the Bengal race “assamica” and Madras race “affinis”.

These birds have subtle differences which can only be seen when examined closely. The upper parts of their bodies are brownish-grey with black streaks while they have pale underparts and whitish throat bordered by a narrow buff stripe on each side.

They feed mainly on grass seeds, insects and spiders but also take some berries occasionally. During the breeding season these birds build cup shaped nests mostly near or at ground level among stones or bushes for laying eggs often camouflaged against predators like snakes etc.,

Their melodious songs given out from rooftops makes them popular amongst birdwatchers as well as general people alike.

34. Finn’s Weaver

Finn’s weaver is a small bird native to the Ganges and Brahmaputra valleys in India and Nepal. It was given its binomial name by Allan Octavian Hume, who first obtained a specimen from Kaladh.

The species has two subspecies: P. megarhynchus nominate occurs in Kumaon area while salimalii is found in eastern Terai regions. This yellow-colored bird measures around 12cm with black upperparts and white underparts.

Its wings are brownish grey on top that blends into olive color at bottom side of coverts; tail feathers have same colors but shows broad edges of buff or pale yellow hues along sides which makes it distinctive among other Indian birds like orioles, drongos etc..

Their diet includes insects as well as grains making them omnivorous feeders . They build their nests using fibers collected from plants with some amount of grasses too for support structure near water bodies such as lakes, ponds or rivers making them great aquatic inhabitants.

35. Chestnut-Headed Tesia

The Chestnut-headed Tesia is a small songbird that belongs to the bush warbler family. It has a distinctive chestnut-colored head and wings, which sets it apart from other members of its species.

The bird is found in countries such as Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India, Laos Myanmar, Nepal Thailand and Vietnam. Its natural habitats are moist lowland forests and montane forest areas with high levels of moisture throughout the year.

This insectivorous bird feeds on insects like flies or beetles which make up most of its diet in addition to some seeds when available during certain seasons.

It also builds nests near trees where they can easily find food sources nearby for themselves and their young ones making them excellent tree climbers too.

They are known for their melodious songs that have been described as ‘softly chattering’.

36. Grey-Backed Shrike

The Grey-backed shrike is an incredible bird species that can be found in South-east Asia. It was first described by Nicholas Aylward Vigors near Darjeeling, India in 1831 and belongs to the family Laniidae.

Although it is closely related to another species (L. schach) which were once treated as one, they differ morphologically and are largely sympatric despite this fact.

The grey-backed shrike has a light brown body with white spots on its wings during the breeding season along with a distinctive black cap on its head, making them easy to spot in their natural habitat of wooded areas or open grasslands.

They feed mainly on insects but have also been known to hunt small rodents too. All round they make for an interesting avian addition within their range – providing hours of observation fun.

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Subodh Bhattarai (English & Communication Notes - BBA/BBS/BBBS/BHM/BIM//MBA/MBS & +2)

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The parrot in the cage (पिंजडाको सुगा), lekhnath paudyal, (1885-1996) (translated by: laxmi prasad devkota) kavi siromani lekhanath poudyal ( कवी शिरोमणी लेखनाथ पौड्याल) was born in 1941 b. s. at kaski, nepal. his father's name was pandit durgadutta and vasundhara devi was his mother. he started learning at the early age of 5. lekhnath paudyal got married at the age of 14, but unfortunately lost his wife at the age of 20. he was inspired by the writings of motiram bhatta and balmiki . lekhnath poudyal contributed immensely towards nepali language and literature. his poems describe the touch of nepal and its nature with simplicity. "pinjra ko suga"( पिंजडाको सुगा) is his unforgettable poem which expressed the cruelness of rana rulers against the nepali people. the poem symbolizes that the nepali peoples are like a parrot inside a cage and rana as the jailer. he was jailed for the poem and the poem was used as a song by political heroes in jail. lekhnath poudyal was honoured with title "siro mani" for his literary works by the government. he was a member of 'rajkiya pragya prathisthan' and was honoured with 'tribhuwan puraskar' a special award given for literal works. most of his poems express patriotic and revolutionary feelings for the sake of nepali culture and society. siromani lekhnath poudyal left the world in 2022 b. s. after giving a new shape to nepali language and literature. his works : 1. ritu bichaar ( रितु बिचार) 2. buddhi binod ( बुद्धी विनोद) 3. satyakaal sambad ( सत्यकाल समवाद) 4. satya smriti ( सत्य स्मृति) 5. mero ram ( मेरो राम) 6. abhigyan sakuntala ( अभिज्ञान सकुन्तला) 7. panchatantra ( पंचतन्त्र) 8. vartihari nirved ( वर्तिहारी निर्वेद्-नवकाब्य) 9. tarun tapasi ( तरुन तपसी-काब्य अपुर्न) 10. ganga gauri ( गंगा गौरी-कविता स्ंग्रह्) summary : the poem starts with a very strange metaphor – the parrot is compared as a twice-born child. the parrot used to have a free and wandering life in the forest, which was its first life. now, the parrot is trapped inside the cage and is forced to live a life of a prisoner. even though we normally associate ‘birth’ as a new positive beginning but for the parrot his second birth is nothing but a curse. similarly, a twice born child could signify dual life as well, one that of the parrot and the other of the poet himself. the parrot is trapped inside the cage and even in its dream, it finds no respite (relief/break/a (temporary) relief from harm or discomfort). it thinks about its parents and relatives living in a forest. it has no one around to share its agonies. with a lump (large piece of something without definite shape) in its sore (hurting) throat, sometimes it cries and sometimes it jumps in madness. it recalls how it used to fly and wander around the forest, eating wild fruits. but, now fate has tricked it into the cage. there’s no more cool water, no more cool shades and no more delicious fruits. they are like dreams and the only thing that remains is fear. throughout the poem, fate is repeated constantly. the parrot blames the fate for somehow tricking it into the cage. fate has been portrayed as “beguiling”, “oppressor” and “strange”. the parrot is constantly grumbling (a complaint uttered in a low and indistinct tone) about its fate and thinks its natural gift of speaking as the reason for it captivity. its parents must be missing it, they must be waiting, and bewailing (regret strongly/lamenting) but fate has separated them. instead, it sees enemies all around even when it is inside the cage. it has tried to break the cage open and fly away but its beak is now blunt ( बोदो हुनु/ not sharp), wings and feet are cramped (painful and involuntary muscular contraction/ बाउडीनु) and it feels a sense of defeat. all it can do is play along the whims (a sudden desire) of its master, and prattle (speak (about unimportant matters) rapidly and incessantly) and chatter. shocked and puzzled, it even thinks ending its life as well. even when its throat is dry, it must prate, it must chatter. if it doesn't, its masters threaten it by brandishing (waving) a cane. it has to chatter on. such is the parrot’s life. it is forced to respond to callers. it is forced to speak even when it doesn't want to, even when it can’t. in the forest, it loved talking, but here talking is all but cruel pleasure. it then curses god for giving it the power of speech and reasoning. because those are the reasons for his parents are grief, and for his captivity (the state of being imprisoned). but it still prays to the god and asks for mercy. in the end, the parrot tells how the world is hostile to fair virtues and how there are exploitation of one’s talent. and it pray to god, not to let anyone have the life of a parrot. the theme of the poem is about freedom, justice, happiness and serenity (peace/peace of mind). the poem is a bitter satire on the then rana regime that deprived nepalese people's freedom. the speaker has carefully painted the conditions that surround the parrot’s life. the speaker is disappointed by the harsh reality of man’s life. away from its family, home, kin, friends, and natural freedom man has forced the parrot to live a tragic life. similar is the condition of human life in nepal of that period. being a worshiper of nature, poudel expresses his deep affinity (affection) to the natural world that provides him childhood appetite, which he wants in his later life. having been compelled to live away from his family, home and friends, poudel pains for it and expresses nostalgia towards it. finally, through the medium of parrot, voices of political, social, religious, spiritual and habitual life style and situation of human beings are exhumed in the poem. the poem clearly advocates the human instinct to live a free and struggled life away from the crowd. form of the poem : the poem is a dramatic monologue. the parrot laments its life, its condition inside the cage, shares its story of pain and loss and separation from the near ones. through the parrot’s words, we get a snapshot of its temperament and character. we also get insights on its thought – how it regrets its fate and how it bemoans his imprisonment – to fate and to the god. through the parrot’s word, we may understand how the parrot is merely surviving in the hopeless dungeon and how it has somehow accepted its fate and destiny. symbols in the poem : parrot is known for its mimicry, it can imitate human sounds. so in some ways, parrots are considered clever, witty and quite vocal as well. and, we can see parrots kept inside a wire-cage in many households. so the parrot in the poem is clearly a symbol of a person who has been captured and kept in the prison. the cage represents prison. the person, with the power of speech and reasoning, must have spoken against the oppressors. consequently, he is imprisoned and now everyone is mocking at him. having the parrot as the symbol familiarizes the normal concept of man and his sufferings. with parrot as the symbol of a man who believes in fate and god, the poet was also able to bring ‘innocence’ in the foreground while distancing it away from sinful humanity..

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Essay on National Bird of Nepal in English, Nepali & Hindi Pdf Download – नेपालका राष्ट्रिय बर्डमा निबंध

Nepal is among the most beautiful countries in the world. It is the home of the great Himalayas. Every nation has their own national bird. Nepal’s national bird is Himalayan Monal (Lophophorus impejanus) which is also known as Danphe, Impeyan Monal or Impeyan Pheasant. It is a beautiful bird which is also the state bird of Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, India, where it is known by the name monal. Below we have provided the essay on Himalayan Monal (The national bird of Nepal). These essays are specifically made for the students of class 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ,10, 11, 12 and College students.

Essay on National Bird of Nepal in Nepali

Let’s check National bird of nepal essay in Hindi and national bird of nepal in nepali language, composition, Paragraph, Articles, in 100 words, 150 words, 200 words, 400 words for class 1, class 2, class 3, class 4, class 5, class 6, class 7, class 8, class 9, class 10, class 11, class 12 students in Nepali, English & Hindi Language Font with the collection of years 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017 & 2018 which you share on whatsapp, facebook (fb) & instagram etc. Also check Essay on save fuel for better environment and health

The Himalayan Monal, Lophophorus impejanus also known as the Impeyan Monal or Impeyan Pheasant or Danphe is a bird of genus Lophophorus of the pheasant family, Phasianidae. It is the national bird of Nepal, where it is known as the Danfe, and the state bird of Uttarakhand. Traditionally, the Himalayan Monal has been classified as monotypic. However, studies have shown that the male Himalayan Monals of northwestern India lack the white rump that other Himalayan Monals have, and have more green on the breast, indicating the possibility of a second subspecies. The scientific name commemorates Lady Mary Impey, the wife of the British chief justice of Bengal, Sir Elijah Impey.

Essay on National Bird of Nepal

The Himalayan Monal (Lophophorus impejanus), also known as the Impeyan monal, Impeyan Pheasant, is a bird in the pheasant family, Phasianidae. It is the national bird of Nepal, where it is known as Danphe, and state bird of Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, India, where it is known as monal. Traditionally, the Himalayan monal has been classified as monophyletic. However, studies have shown that the male Himalayan monal of northwestern India lacks the white rump of other Himalayan monals, and it has more green on the breast, indicating the possibility of a second subspecies. The scientific name commemorates Lady Mary Impey, the wife of the British chief justice of Bengal Sir Elijah Impey. Description It is a relatively large-sized pheasant. The bird is about 70 centimeters long. The male weighs up to 2380 grams and the female 2150. The adult male has multicoloured plumage throughout, while the female, as in other pheasants, is dull in colour. Notable features in the male include a long, metallic green crest, coppery feathers on the back and neck, and a prominent white rump that is most visible when the bird is in flight. The tail feathers of the male are uniformly rufous, becoming darker towards the tips, whereas the lower tail coverts of females are white, barred with black and red. The female has a prominent white patch on the throat and a white strip on the tail. The first-year male and the juvenile resemble the female, but the first-year male is larger and the juvenile is less distinctly marked. Distribution and habitat The bird’s natural range extends from eastern Afghanistan through the Himalayas in Pakistan, Kashmir region and the Republic of India (states of Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh), Nepal, southern Tibet, and Bhutan. There is also a report of its occurrence in Burma. It occupies upper temperate oak-conifer forests interspersed with open grassy slopes, cliffs and alpine meadows between 2400 and 4500 meters, where it is most common between 2700 and 3700 meters. It may descend to 2000 meters in the winter. It tolerates snow and will dig through it to obtain plant roots and invertebrate prey. The breeding season is April through August, and they generally form pairs at this time. In winter they congregate in large coveys and roost communally. Conservation In some areas, the species is threatened due to poaching and other anthropogenic factors. In a recent study, the local population responded negatively to human disturbance involving hydroelectric power development. The male monal was under hunting pressure in Himachal Pradesh, where the crest feather was used to decorate men’s hats, until 1982, when hunting was banned in the state. In Pakistan the bird is most common in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province but it can also be found in Kaghan, Palas Valley, and Azad Kashmir. The pheasant is not considered endangered in the region and can be easily located. In some areas, the population density of the species is as high as five pairs per square mile. The main threat to the species is poaching, as the crest is valuable here, as well. It is thought to bring status to its wearer, and is a symbol of authority.

नेपालका राष्ट्रिय बर्डमा निबंध

हिमालय मोनल (लोफोफोरस इस्पेजनस), जसलाई पनि Impeyan मोनल भनिन्छ, Impeyan Pheasant, pheasant परिवार, Phasianidae मा एक पक्षी हो। यो नेपालको राष्ट्रिय पक्षी हो, जहाँ यसलाई डन्नी भनिन्छ, उत्तराखण्ड र हिमाचल प्रदेश राज्य राज्य पक्षी, जहाँ यसलाई मोनल भनिन्छ। परम्परागत रूपमा, हिमालय मोनल मोनोफिलले को रूप मा वर्गीकृत गरिएको छ। तथापि, अध्ययनहरू देखाइएका छन् कि उत्तरपश्चिम भारतको पुरुष हिमालय मोहरले हिमालयी अन्य हिमालयहरूको सेतो चट्टानको कमी छ, र यो स्तनमा बढी हरियो छ, दोस्रो उप-प्रजातिको सम्भावनाको संकेत गर्दछ। वैज्ञानिक नाम बङ्गाल सर एलियाह Impey को ब्रिटिश प्रमुख न्याय लेडी मरियम Impey को सम्झना गर्दछ। विवरण यो एक अपेक्षाकृत ठूलो आकारको छ। पक्षी लगभग 70 सेन्टिमिटर लामो हुन्छ। पुरुष 2380 ग्राम र महिला 2150 सम्म पुग्छ। पुरुषको पुरुषले बहुमूल्य पिरोयामा भरिएको छ, जबकि महिला, अन्य पनीरहरु जस्तै, रंगमा सुस्त हुन्छ। पुरुषमा उल्लेखनीय सुविधाहरू एक लामो, धातुमा हरियाली क्रेस्ट, पछाडि र गर्दनमा तामाङ पंखहरू, र सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण सेतो रङ्ग हुन्छ जब पक्षी उडानमा छ। पुरुषको पूंछ प्वाङ्गहरू समानरूपमा रौफुस हुन्छन्, सुझावहरूको दिशामा अन्धकार बनाइन्छ, जबकि महिलाहरूको निचले पछाडि कालो सेतो सेतो हुन्छ, कालो र रातो रंगमा रोकिन्छ। महिलामा गलामा एक प्रमुख सेतो प्याच र पूरै मा सेतो पट्टी छ। पहिलो वर्षको उमेर र किशोरले महिला जस्तो देखिन्छ, तर पहिलो वर्षको उमेर ठूलो हुन्छ र बच्चा कम फरक चिन्हित हुन्छ। वितरण र आवास पक्षीको प्राकृतिक दायरा पूर्वी अफगानिस्तानबाट पाकिस्तान, कश्मीर क्षेत्र र भारत गणराज्य (हिमाचल प्रदेश, उत्तराखण्ड, सिक्किम र अरुणाचल प्रदेश), नेपाल, दक्षिणी तिब्बत र भूटानको माध्यमबाट हिमालयबाट फैलिएको छ। बर्मामा यसको घटनाको रिपोर्ट पनि छ। यो माथिल्लो तापक्रममा रहेको ओक-क्यान्सर जंगलमा जम्मा 2400 र 4500 मिटरको बीच खुला घाँस ढलान, चट्टानहरू र अल्पाइन मेडवेहरू छन्, जहाँ यो 2700 र 3700 मिटरभन्दा बढी छ। जाडोमा 2000 मिटरसम्म उड्न सक्छ। यसले हिउँ सहन सक्छ र रोप्ने जडहरू र अन्डरटेब्रेट सिक्न पाउँदछ। प्रजनन मौसम अप्रिल मार्फत हुन्छ, र तिनीहरू सामान्यतया यो समयमा जोडी हुन्छन्। जाडोमा तिनीहरू सामूहिक रूपमा ठूलो कभोरी र रूटमा छन्। संरक्षण केही क्षेत्रहरूमा, प्रजातिहरूले पोषण र अन्य एन्थ्रोपोनिकेन कारकहरूको कारणले धम्की दिएको छ। भर्खरैको अध्ययनमा, स्थानीय जनसंख्याले हाइड्रोइलेक्ट्रिक शक्ति विकास समावेश गरेको मानव अशांतिलाई नकारात्मक प्रतिक्रिया देखायो। हिमाचल प्रदेशमा पुरुष मोहर शिकार शिकार भएको थियो, जहाँ 1 9 82 सम्म पुरुषको टोपीलाई सजावट गर्न क्रिभ प्वाइटर प्रयोग गरिएको थियो, जब राज्यमा प्रतिबन्ध लगाइएको थियो। पाकिस्तानमा बिरोधको खरब पञ्चुनखवा प्रांतमा प्रायः साधारण छ तर यो काङ्गन, पालस घाटी र आजाद कश्मीरमा पनि पाउन सकिन्छ। Pheasant को क्षेत्र मा खतरनाक मानिन्छ र सजिलै संग स्थित हुन सक्छ। केही क्षेत्रमा, प्रजातिहरूको आबादी घनत्व प्रति वर्ग माइलमा पाँच जोडीको रूपमा उच्च छ। प्रजातान्त्रिक प्रमुख खतरा चिन्ताजनक छ, जस्तै कि क्रिस्ट यहाँ बहुमूल्य छ। यो आफ्नो पहनने को स्थिति को स्थिति मा ल्याएको छ, र अधिकार को प्रतीक हो।

Essay about national bird of nepal

Lophophorus – The National Bird of Nepal

Lophophorus which is also referred as Daphne in Nepali is the national bird of Nepal. It is in the list of most beautiful bird in the kingdom of Nepal. Not, only it’s on the most beautiful bird’s list, it is also in the list of endangered species in Nepal. Many organizations in Nepal are taking a strong measure to protect this species from extinction. People in Nepal should work together to protect this bird for extinction because it is a unique symbol of Nepal. Let share this world with this bird in the days of peace and harmony.

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7+ Nepali Words For Bird Day: Nepal’s Avian Diversity & Culture

, September 15, 2023

Nepal, nestled in the lap of the Himalayas, is a country brimming with natural beauty and biodiversity. From towering peaks to lush valleys, Nepal’s landscape is teeming with life, including a remarkable array of bird species. In this blog post, we’ll take a journey through the Nepali words for Bird Day and common birds found in Nepal and explore how these feathered creatures are an integral part of Nepali culture.

Nepali Words For Bird Day

बर्ड (bird) – पाख्रो (pakhro).

Let’s start with the most fundamental word: “bird” in Nepali is “पाख्रो” (Pakhro). Birds are celebrated in Nepal not only for their vibrant plumage and melodious songs but also for their cultural significance.

पर्व (Peacock) – मोर (Mor)

The graceful peacock, known as “मोर” (Mor) in Nepali, is often associated with beauty and elegance. In Nepali culture, the peacock symbolizes grace and is often depicted in traditional art and dance forms.

nepalese eagle nepali words for bird day

चराक (Eagle) – गरुड (Garuda)

The majestic eagle, known as “गरुड” (Garuda) in Nepali, is revered in Hindu mythology as the mount of Lord Vishnu. It symbolizes strength and freedom.

कौवा (Crow) – काग (Kaag)

The clever crow, or “काग” (Kaag), is a common sight in Nepal’s urban and rural areas. It plays a significant role in local folklore and traditions, often seen as a messenger between the living and the spirit world.

पिपल्ली (Sparrow) – घरेलु पक्षी (Gharelu Pakshi)

The small but cheerful sparrow, known as “घरेलु पक्षी” (Gharelu Pakshi) in Nepali, holds a special place in the hearts of Nepali people. It’s considered a symbol of happiness and harmony.

कोकिला (Cuckoo) – कोकिल (Kokil)

The sweet melodies of the cuckoo, or “कोकिल” (Kokil), mark the arrival of spring in Nepal. Its enchanting song is associated with the blossoming of flowers and the renewal of nature.

हरियो हाँस (Green Pigeon) – हरियो पारु (Hariyo Paru)

The vibrant green pigeon, or “हरियो पारु” (Hariyo Paru), is a symbol of nature’s beauty. Its distinctive green plumage makes it a sought-after sight for birdwatchers.

Check out more about Nepali culture and traditions , plus dating culture in Nepal , if you’re really interested in Nepal and language-learning!

परिजात (Himalayan Monal) – दान्ते पारु (Daante Paru)

The Himalayan Monal, also known as “दान्ते पारु” (Daante Paru), is the state bird of Nepal. Its colorful feathers make it an iconic symbol of the Himalayas and are often featured in traditional clothing and artwork.

Birds in Nepal aren’t just admired for their aesthetics; they hold cultural and spiritual significance too. They are featured in ancient myths, folk songs, and rituals, connecting people to their environment and traditions!

photo of a group of birds flying with a sunset as background - nepali words for bird day

Birds In Nepali Culture

Birds hold a profound place in Nepali culture, deeply intertwined with daily life, spirituality, and folklore. Here’s a closer look at how these feathered creatures are an integral part of Nepal’s rich cultural tapestry:

Spiritual Significance: In Hinduism, the predominant religion in Nepal, many birds are associated with deities and have symbolic importance. For example, the Garuda, a mythical eagle, is Lord Vishnu’s mount and represents strength and protection. Birds like the peacock and swan are also associated with various gods and goddesses. *These connections highlight the spiritual connection between birds and the divine.

Festivals and Rituals: Birds play a role in various Nepali festivals and rituals. During the festival of Tihar (also known as Deepawali), the crow, dog, and cow are honored for their significance in Hindu mythology. People offer food and gifts to these animals, showcasing their respect for all living beings, including birds.

Traditional Art and Craft: Nepali art and craft often feature intricate bird motifs. You can find bird designs on traditional paintings, sculptures, and even clothing. These artistic representations reflect the deep appreciation and admiration for the avian world.

Folklore and Proverbs: Birds feature prominently in Nepali folklore and proverbs. Stories and fables often revolve around the cleverness of crows, the beauty of peacocks, and the wisdom of owls. These tales serve as valuable life lessons and are passed down through generations.

Birdwatching and Eco-Tourism: Nepal’s rich bird diversity attracts birdwatchers and eco-tourists from around the world. The country’s national parks and conservation areas are home to a wide range of bird species. Birdwatching tours provide a unique opportunity to appreciate both nature and culture simultaneously.

In Nepal, birds are not just creatures of the sky; they are messengers of culture, spirituality, and environmental stewardship. As you dive into the Nepali language and culture, understanding the role of birds in the lives of Nepali people can enhance your appreciation of the country’s natural beauty and traditions. So, when you hear the sweet call of a kokil or spot the vibrant hues of a Himalayan Monal, you’ll not only be enjoying nature’s wonders but also connecting with a culture deeply rooted in its environment.

To Conclude

As you embark on your journey to learn Nepali, remember that language is not just about words; it’s a gateway to culture and understanding. By learning these Nepali words for birds, you’re not only expanding your vocabulary but also gaining insight into the rich tapestry of Nepal’s natural and cultural heritage.

So, whether you’re a budding ornithologist, a nature enthusiast, or simply someone eager to explore the Nepali language and culture, take a moment on Bird Day to appreciate the beauty and significance of these avian wonders in Nepal!

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Nepal may be a small country in size but it's a bird watchers' paradise. Packed with national parks and a topography that encompasses the sub-tropical to alpine conditions, Nepal plays host to more than 850 species of birds.

Nepal is a bird watchers' paradise with national parks and conservation areas making up a large part of its territory. More than 850 species of birds are found in Nepal, and surprisingly a good number of these birds can be spotted in and around the Kathmandu Valley alone. Bird watching is possible in any corner of Nepal, be it in the sweltering plains where Koshi Tappu , Chitwan and Bardiya are the main sites while in the mountainous region, the Everest and Annapurna regions boast other well-known species of birds. The Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve in the eastern Terai is the place to be. Bird watchers cannot miss this wonderful reserve which abounds in birds of all kinds. It's a place where one sees trees packed with birds as if posing for a photograph.

The hills around Kathmandu valley especially Nagarjun, Godavari and Phulchowki are popular bird watching areas and the Taudaha Lake on the way to Dakshinkali is ideal for watching migratory water fowl during the winter months.

The higher Himalayan regions are home to a wide array of raptors and birds of prey, boasting a diverse range of species. But Koshi Tappu has better sightings of an incredible variety of both resident and migratory birds that come from as far away as Siberia. Nepal’s national bird is the lophophorous, Impeyen Pheasant locally called Danphe which is found in the Himalayan region. Bird watching trips are organized by most resorts and are accompanied by experienced naturalists.

Nepal Tourism Board is a national tourism organization of Nepal established in 1998 by an Act of Parliament in the form of partnership between the Government of Nepal and private sector tourism industry to develop and market Nepal as an attractive tourist destination. The Board provides platform for vision-drawn leadership for Nepal’s tourism sector by integrating Government commitment with the dynamism of private sector.

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Contemporary Nepali Literature: Fiction -- the Essay

Mukul dahal ( [email protected] ). editor: pen himalaya (penhimalaya.netfirms.com).

This essay is part five of the author's "Contemporary Nepali Literature: A Bird's Eye View."

Modern trends in Nepali essay, like short story and poetry, began sixty years ago. Laxmi Prasad Devkota was the first true writer of modern essays. Later Shankar Lamichhane enriched Nepali essays with completely new style, feeling and strength. Krishna Chandra Singh Pradhan and Taranath Sharma too contributed substantially to this field. Another trend that became equally popular was a trend of writing humorous and satirical essays. Keshab Raj Pindali and Bhairab Aryal wrote many successful essays. They were witty enough in their writing to maintain balance between humor and their attack on social evils.

Contemporary Nepali essays, like other genres, are not aloof from the trends of the time. There is an eagerness to grasp new sentiment and novelty and to add new dimension in this area too. These essays reflect the uncertainty and chaos prevailing in the country. As per the number of essayists the number is not as big as that of the poets and short story writers. Yet there are a number of writers who have written great essays. Most of today's essays have happened to be satiric. The satire comes up in the writer's mind because he is bitterly hurt by the bizarre anomaly that exists in the socio political scenario of our country. It is natural for the writers to be affected by it because politics influences every part of state. Besides, there are some writers who explore other ever fresh subtle aspects of life. The names of these essayists include Ram Mani Rshal, Kishor Nepal, Banira Giri, Durga Prasad Bhandari, Lila Singh Darna, Abhi Subedi, Manuj Babu Mishra, Dhanus Chandra Gautam, Madhav Pokhrel, Manjul, Rajendra subedi, Sri Om Shrestha Rodan, Krishna Dharabasi, Gyanendra Biwas, Yubraj Nayaghare, Bhishma Upreti etc.

Contemporary Nepali Literature: A Bird's Eye View

Historical Background
Lyrical Poems (Ghazals and Lyrics)
Postmodern Consciousness in the Contemporary Novel
The Short Story
Drama and Theater
Bibliography

Last Modified: 11 March 2004

Birds of Nepal: Their Status and Conservation Especially with Regards to Watershed Perspectives

First Online: 05 May 2020

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Hem Sagar Baral 3 , 4 &
Carol Inskipp 5

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We summarize some relevant highlights of Nepal’s rich biodiversity and provide explanations for this pattern in associated watersheds. A brief history of ornithological research in Nepal is included, as well as a summary of nationally and globally threatened birds and how their threat levels are changing. We also present which threats birds are facing and present a good selection of the many conservation initiatives being taken to address these problems taking watershed status into account. Human population increase associates with species being listed as endangered. Threats to wetland birds and to their habitat are the biggest in terms of number, type and extent. The most important wetlands for Nepal birds lie in the lowlands and lower hills, and most of these lie outside the protected areas’ system.

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Hem Sagar Baral

School of Environmental Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury-Wodonga, Australia

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Ganga Ram Regmi

-EWHALE Lab- Institute of Arctic Biology, Biology & Wildlife Department, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA

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Baral, H.S., Inskipp, C. (2020). Birds of Nepal: Their Status and Conservation Especially with Regards to Watershed Perspectives. In: Regmi, G., Huettmann, F. (eds) Hindu Kush-Himalaya Watersheds Downhill: Landscape Ecology and Conservation Perspectives. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36275-1_22

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