bsc nursing 1st year assignment

• Nursing Syllabus

BSc Nursing 1st Year Syllabus,Subjects, Notes, Practicals, Examination Pattern and Question Papers

• Posted by Monika Dhiman
• Categories Nursing Syllabus
• Date February 21, 2022
• Comments 1 comment

 The nursing syllabus aids you in acquiring vital skills and knowledge which help you to save lives. Nursing students gain knowledge of anatomy, microbiology, physiology, biochemistry, and psychology. The nursing syllabus provides you with skills in emergency care, effective communication, empathy, management, and organization.

INC has recently released a new syllabus for the BSc Nursing program in response to several worthy complaints from students who felt it may be too difficult to complete the whole syllabus. It will be implemented in January 2022.

In this Blog, I’ m going to share nursing first years subjects, notes, authors, previous year’s question papers, and nursing exam preparation 5 mantras.

Table of Contents

• Aim of BSc Nursing 1st year Syllabus (INC)
• BSc Nursing subjects 1st year & Topics

BSc Nursing 1st year Subjects Semester- Wise

• Bsc nursing first year Books Pdf

Nursing 1st Year Complete Study material

• BSc Nursing 1st year question Paper

BSc Nursing First Year Practical

Nursing 1st-year outcome.

• Nursing exam prepration 5 Mantras

Aim of BSc Nursing 1 st year Syllabus

The first-year nursing syllabus aims to prepare nurses to understand the basic nursing techniques and procedures. They should be able to apply them in practical situations. Nursing has the objective to save lives and maintain the health of patients.  Nursing is a very important profession that helps people to live longer and better.

BSc Nursing 1 st year Curriculum

Bsc nursing subjects 1st year & topics.

Here is the complete list of BSc nursing first year subjects that helps you in your nursing exam preparation.

BSc nursing first year Books Pdf

Nursing is a broad field, and there is a great deal of material to cover. Beyond the coursework, there are many books that will help you prepare for exams, and find success as a nurse. We have selected the best nursing books with their pdf that you should consider, whether you are currently enrolled in nursing school or you are preparing for other nursing exams.

Here is the BSc Nursing 1st year complete study material. Click on the images below to get your best nursing first-year books at affordable prices

BSc Nursing 1 st year question Paper

The nursing previous year question paper is provided here. These will help a lot of the students to get an idea of the questions that will be asked in the exams. The students can practice these questions to cover the syllabus of the subject. The students can also get the idea of the marking scheme from the nursing previous year question paper.

• Anatomy Physiology March 2021 question Paper https://firstranker.com/fr/frdA281021A132030/download-bsc-dialysis-technology-2021-march-1st-year-1306-anatomy-physiology-and-biochemistry-question-paper
• Nutrition Biochemistry March 2021 question Paper – https://firstranker.com/fr/frdA251021A141541/download-b.sc-nursing-2021-march-1st-year-4702-nutrition-and-biochemistry-question-paper
• Nursing foundation March 2021 question Paper – https://firstranker.com/fr/frdA251021A141542/download-b.sc-nursing-2021-march-1st-year-4703-nursing-foundation-question-paper
• Psychology March 2021 question paper https://firstranker.com/fr/frdA251021A141543/download-b.sc-nursing-2021-march-1st-year-4704-psychology-question-paper
• Microbiology March 2021 question Paper https://firstranker.com/fr/frdA251021A141544/download-b.sc-nursing-2021-march-1st-year-4705-microbiology-question-paper
• English question Paper- https://firstranker.com/fr/frdA251021A141545/download-b.sc-nursing-2021-march-1st-year-4706-english-question-paper

BSc Nursing 1 st year Exam Pattern

*In= Internal, * Ex= External

This course is designed to help students to develop an understanding of the philosophy, objectives, theories, and process of nursing in various clinical settings. It is aimed at helping students to acquire knowledge, understanding, and skills in techniques of nursing and practice them in clinical settings.

In the Nursing first year, there is only one practical which is Nursing Foundation.

• Students acquire knowledge of human body systems and understand the alterations in anatomical structures.
• Students acquire knowledge of nutrition for the maintenance of optimum health at different stages of life.
• Students acquire knowledge of the normal biochemical composition and functioning of the human body.

Nursing Exam Preparation 5 Mantras

• Know the Exam Pattern – The first thing before you curate strategy for yourself is to understand the Nursing Exam Pattern.
• Understand the syllabus – The next important step is to understand & visualize the syllabus.
• Study Material – Choosing the right material is the next step to prepare for the exam.
• Revision – Revision is the crucial key to getting good marks. Consistent revision & practice will help you gain an edge over the concepts of Subjects.
• Stay Healthy – Health is wealth! If you want to clear your nursing  exam you need to keep yourself healthy

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Bsc Nursing 1st Year Important Questions 2023 (RGUHS) – Anatomy

• Post author: Proudofnurses.com
• Post published: October 25, 2022
• Post category: New Post / RGUHS
• Post comments: 1 Comment

Rajiv Gandhi university of health sciences Karnataka, Bangalore

Important questions for B.Sc Nursing Students – Anatomy

RGUHS University Anatomy Paper

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO THE CONCEPTS OF ANATOMY

Unit 1: short essay.

Table of Contents

• Classify connective tissue.
• Classify Epithelium with examples for each. Describe in detail the stratified squamous epithelium with a diagram.
• Explain the anatomical structure of a human cell.
• Explain in detail the classification of connective tissues.
• Describe in detail the stratified squamous epithelium with a diagram.
• Draw the labeled diagram of the typical cell
• Describe transitional epithelium with a labeled diagram. Give an examples
• Describe pseudostratified columnar epithelium with a diagram

UNIT 1: SHORT ANSWERS

• Structure of cell.
• Classification of tissues
• Characteristics of tissues
• Simple squamous epithelium
• Types of connective tissue
• Histology of cartilage
• Parts of Mitochondria

UNIT 2: THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

Unit 2: short essay.

• Classify the bones with examples. Describe the histology of compact bone.
• Classify synovial joints with examples
• Describe the shoulder joint in detail
• Classify joints and explain humerus
• Describe the knee joint under the following headings
• type and articular surfaces
• arterial supply
• What is the patella? Mention its importance

UNIT 2: SHORT ANSWERS

• Name the carpel bones
• Name the bones forming the shoulder joint
• Name the bones forming the elbow joint
• List the tarsal bones
• Name any 4 cranial bones
• Arterial supply of hip joint
• Name the parts of the sternum
• List 4 features of lumbar vertebrae Muscles causing pronation and supination
• Define the two types of skeleton
• List any two differences between fetal and adult skull
• Bones of the lower limb.
• Draw a labeled diagram of the synovial joint.
• Name the parts of the hip bone.
• Parts of developing long bones.
• List the bones of the upper limb.

MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Unit 3: short essay.

• Muscles of mastication
• Describe rectus sheath and rectus abdominal muscle
• Sternocleidomastoid muscle
• Deltoid muscle
• Trapezius muscle
• Gluteus maximus muscle
• Biceps brachii muscle
• Name muscles of the gluteal region. Describe gluteus maximus in detail

UNIT 3: SHORT ANSWERS

• Name the muscles of mastication
• Name any 4 bones of the pelvis
• Name 2 pectoral muscles and give its nerve supply
• Name 2 muscles of the forearm
• Name the muscles of the back of the thigh
• Name the contents of the femoral triangle
• Name 4 hamstring muscles
• Name 4 parts of quadriceps femoris muscles
• Name 4 muscles in the gluteal region
• Femoral hernia
• Mention the contents of the cubital fossa
• Mention the contents of the popliteal fossa
• List the type of muscles.
• Muscles used for intramuscular injections.
• Origin, insertion, and nerve supply of deltoid muscle.
• Mention the differences between skeletal and smooth muscle

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

Unit 4: short essay.

• Name the parts of the central nervous system and describe the cerebral hemisphere
• Name the various lobes of the cerebrum. Describe various functional areas of the cerebrum
• Explain the structure of the cerebellum in detail
• Describe the brachial plexus of nerves
• Spinal cord
• Draw a neat labeled diagram of the circle of Willis
• Trochlear nerve
• Explain the cerebellum with its anatomical significance.
• Classify the nervous system and write a note on neurons
• Ulnar nerve and its applied anatomy
• Radial nerve and its applied anatomy

UNIT 4: SHORT ANSWERS

• Name the parts of the brain stem
• Name ventricles of the brain
• Name major parts of the central nervous system
• Mention the functions of CSF
• Name 4 cranial nerves
• Mention the two functions of the cerebellum
• Spinal ganglion
• What is a wry neck
• Erb’s palsy
• Carpal tunnel syndrome
• Mention 2 parts of the sciatic nerve
• Bell’s palsy
• Lumbar puncture
• Name the branches of the trigeminal nerve
• Mention the function of the hypoglossal nerve
• Explain the deformity in klumpke’s paralysis
• Special features of Medulla oblongata
• Draw a labeled diagram of neurons.
• Mention the parts of the brain
• List the cranial nerves.
• Name the parts of the central nervous system
• Name the meningeal coverings of brain in order.

THE SENSORY ORGANS

Unit 5: short essay.

• Draw a diagram of the eyeball and briefly explain its parts
• Describe the extraocular muscles
• Explain the parts of the internal ear.
• Describe 4 recti muscles
• Describe the layers of skin with a diagram.
• Tympanic membrane
• Auditory tube
• Superior and Inferior oblique muscle of the eye
• Structure of eyeball

UNIT 5: SHORT ANSWERS

• Layers Of Eye Ball
• Name The Ear Ossicles
• Any Four Functions Of Skin
• Name any four functions of the skin
• Name the papillae of the tongue
• List the auditory apparatus
• Name 3 parts of the bony labyrinth
• Mention the functions of the eyelid
• Give the nerve supply of extra-ocular muscles
• Mention 4 contents of the middle ear
• Nerve supply to the tongue.
• Draw and label the diagram of the skin.
• Nasal sinuses.
• Name the structure of the eye.

CIRCULATORY & LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Unit 6: long essays.

• Describe the gross anatomy of the heart in detail
• Name the chambers of the heart with a brief detail of each chamber and the valves in between them
• Describe the right atrium in detail
• Describe the ventricles of the heart. Write a note on the blood supply of the heart
• Explain the spleen in detail location, external features, blood supply, histology, and functions

UNIT 6: SHORT ANSWERS

• Waldeyer’s ring
• Mention the formation and termination of the thoracic duct
• Where is the spleen located and give its four important functions
• Name 4 groups of cervical lymph nodes
• Branches of the right coronary artery
• Name 3 layers of the wall of blood vessels
• Mention 2 differences between large and medium-sized arteries
• Mention 2 differences between the structure of a large artery and a large vein.
• Chambers of heart

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Unit 7: long essays.

• Describe the nasal cavity and its applied anatomy
• Name the parts of the respiratory tract and describe the lungs in detail with applied aspects
• Name the parts of the respiratory system. Describe the right lung in detail. Mention the differences from left lung
• Describe the structure of the lungs in detail with a diagram.

UNIT 7: SHORT ANSWERS

• Name the air sinuses opening into the middle meatus
• name the para nasal air sinuses
• Name the openings in the lateral wall of the nose
• Name the bones forming the nasal septum
• Name 4 cartilages of the larynx
• Name any four muscles of the pharynx
• Name the parts of the respiratory system
• Name two pleural recesses
• Mention 4 structures passing through the diagram
• Mention the action of intercostals muscle
• Respiratory muscles.
• Name the parts of the respiratory system.

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

Unit 8: long essays.

• Describe the location, blood supply, nerve supply, and applied anatomy of the rectum
• Describe the parts, features, blood supply, and histology of the stomach
• Mention different parts of the digestive system. Describe the esophagus in detail
• Name the salivary glands. Where do they open? Describe the parotid gland in detail
• Name the parts of the extrahepatic biliary apparatus. Describe the anatomy of the liver
• Describe the pharynx
• Describe the duodenum
• Name the parts of the digestive system. And describe the stomach in detail.
• Name the location, surfaces, borders, blood supply, and applied anatomy of the liver.

UNIT 8: SHORT ANSWERS

• Parotid gland
• Submandibular gland
• Histology of esophagus
• Describe the blood supply of the stomach
• Stomach bed
• Soft palate
• Peritoneum and its function
• Vermiform appendix
• Mention the differences between the small and large intestine
• Describe pancreas
• Name the blood vessels supplying the rectum
• Difference between jejunum and ileum
• Describe the interior of the anal canal
• Inferior/ visceral surface of the liver
• Name the peritoneal folds of liver
• Name different lobes of the liver
• Nerve supply of the small intestine
• Name the Papillae of the tongue.
• List the parts of the digestive system.
• Name the parts of the large intestine.

THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM

UNIT 9: SHORT ESSAY

• Histology of kidney
• Urinary bladder
• Relations of the right kidney
• Male urethra
• Describe the macroscopic structure of the kidney
• Describe nephrons in detail.
• Describe the kidney under the following headings – location, shape, external features, coverings, relations, and blood supply.
• Describe the urinary bladder in detail. Add a note on its applied anatomy.

UNIT 9: SHORT ANSWERS

• Name the parts of a nephron
• Name the different parts of the urinary system
• Trigone of bladder
• Mention the coverings of the kidney
• Draw a labeled diagram of the nephron
• Mention the constrictions of the ureter
• Mention 2 important relations of the urinary bladder in females
• Name the parts of the male urethra

THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

Unit 10: short essays.

• Describe the pituitary gland in detail
• Name the endocrine glands. Describe the thyroid gland in detail
• Name the endocrine glands. Describe the pancreas
• Thyroid gland
• Functions of the adrenal gland
• Parathyroid glands
• Relations of the thyroid gland
• Describe the pancreas under the following heading- location, parts, importance relations, and histology

U NIT 10: SHORT ANSWERS

• Name the endocrine glands
• Mention the parts of the pituitary gland
• Mention the types of cells found in the anterior pituitary
• Name 2 hormones produced by the neurohypophysis
• Name any 4 hormones produced by the pituitary gland
• Name 2 arteries supplying the thyroid gland
• Name 2 ovarian hormones
• Name the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland
• Name the hormones secreted by the placenta
• Mention the blood supply of the pancreas
• Describe islets of Langerhans
• Name the disorders of the thyroid gland.
• Parts of the thyroid gland.

THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM INCLUDING THE BREAST

Unit 11: short essays.

• Name the parts of the female reproductive tract. Describe the anatomy of the uterus
• Name the parts of the female reproductive tract. Describe the anatomy of the ovary
• Describe the uterus and its ligaments
• Describe the female reproductive system
• Supports of uterus
• Fallopian tube
• Spermatogenesis
• Describe the structure of the mammary gland
• Explain the location and structure of the ovary.

UNIT 11: SHORT ANSWERS

• Name the internal organs of the female reproductive system
• Mention the parts of the uterus
• Name 4 ligaments of the uterus
• Name the layers of the wall of the uterus
• Name parts of the fallopian tube
• Mention the boundaries of the ovarian fossa
• Mention the layers of the scrotum
• Graffian follicle
• Ductus defers
• Name the parts of the male urethra.
• Draw a diagram of the structure of the uterus.

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BSc Nursing 1st Year Syllabus: Subjects List, Practicals, Books

Updated on - Apr 4, 2024

The BSc Nursing 1st year syllabus is divided into two semesters encompassing both theoretical and practical subjects. The BSc Nursing syllabus may vary depending on the institution, however, there are some common topics that are typically covered by all institutions offering the course.

BSc Nursing 1st sem syllabus focuses on foundational subjects such as Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, etc, while the BSc Nursing 2nd sem syllabus covers important topics such as Physiology, Nutrition, Psychology, etc.

In addition, the BSc Nursing course also includes practical topics on Nutrition, Microbiology, and Nursing Foundation that helps students understand the objectives and implement theories and processes of nursing in various clinical settings.

Table of Contents

BSc Nursing Syllabus 1st Year

B.sc nursing 1st semester subjects in detail, b.sc nursing 2nd semester subjects in detail, bsc nursing 1st year question paper marking scheme.

The BSc Nursing Syllabus 1st year focuses on fundamental concepts of Anatomy, Physiology, Nutrition , etc. General subjects such as English, Psychology , etc are also included in the first year syllabus

Listed below is the semester-wise BSc Nursing 1st year syllabus:

BSc Nursing 1st Year Subjects

BSc Nursing subjects 1st year provide students with a strong foundation in nursing theory and practice, focusing on important topics related to human anatomy, physiology, microbiology, and nutrition . These subjects equip students with the knowledge required for delivering quality patient care and promoting health and wellness.

BSc Nursing 1st sem syllabus focuses on fundamental subjects such as Anatomy, Biochemistry, and Microbiology . These subjects delve into the structure and function of the human body, biochemical processes, and microbial pathogens. 

The BSc Nursing subjects 1st year are provided in the table below.

The BSc Nursing syllabus 1st year for the second semester focuses on the physiological processes of the human body and principles of nutrition and its importance in the healthcare industry. 

Listed below are the BSc Nursing 2nd sem syllabus subjects in detail.

BSc Nursing 1st Year Practical Subjects

BSc Nursing syllabus 1st year includes practicals on Nutrition, Microbiology , and Nursing Foundation in the first and second semester. The practical topics in the BSc Nursing course aim at aiding students in acquiring knowledge, understanding processes and developing skills in techniques of nursing and utilizing them in clinical practice.

The BSc Nursing 1st year syllabus practical topics are listed below:

The marking scheme for BSc Nursing 1st year question papers vary depending on the colleges. The total marks for each subject may range from 100 - 200 including internal assessment and end semester exams. Students are evaluated based on marks obtained in the internal assessment and end semester examination.

The BSc Nursing 1st year question paper marking scheme is detailed in the sections below.

BSc Nursing 1st Semester Marking Scheme

The BSc Nursing 1st semester marking scheme is provided in the table below:

BSc Nursing 2nd Semester Marking Scheme

The marking scheme of BSc 2nd semester is detailed in the table below:

BSc Nursing Books 1st Year

B.Sc Nursing 1st year books help students understand important concepts involving anatomy and physiology, microbiology, biochemistry, nutrition , etc that are part of the BSc Nursing syllabus 1st year. Listed below are some of the BSc Nursing books for first year:

Top BSc Nursing Colleges

Varanasi,Uttar Pradesh

Manipal Academy of Higher Education (Manipal University)

Manipal,Karnataka

SOA University

Bhubaneswar,Odisha

KIIT University

Saveetha University

Chennai,Tamil Nadu

MG University (MGU)

Kottayam,Kerala

SRM University

Kanchipuram,Tamil Nadu

Sathyabama University

Top Science Entrance Exams

• Eligibility Criteria

Result Date: Mar 22, 2024

BSc Nursing Fee Structure

What are the subjects for first year BSc Nursing?

The BSc Nursing syllabus 1st year subjects include Anatomy, Physiology, Microbiology, Biochemistry, Nutrition, Introduction to Computers, English for Nurses, and Psychology.

What is the passing marks for BSc Nursing 1st year?

The passing marks for BSc Nursing may vary depending on the institutions, however, students need to achieve a minimum of 40%-50% overall marks to pass.

What are the important BSc Nursing subjects 1st year books?

The important BSc Nursing books 1st year include Anatomy & Physiology for Nurses by Singh, Textbook of Microbiology by R Ananthanarayan, Principles of Biochemistry by Lehninger, Concise Medical Physiology by Chaudhuri, etc.

Where to find the BSc Nursing 1st year syllabus pdf?

The BSc Nursing 1st year syllabus PDF can be downloaded from the official website of the colleges offering BSc Nursing courses.

Is BSc Nursing 1st year Nursing Foundation important?

Yes, BSc Nursing 1st year Nursing Foundation is important as it provides the foundational knowledge and skills required to practice nursing and understanding subsequent coursework in the program.

What is the hardest subjects in nursing?

The hardest subjects for BSc Nursing depends on the students and their strengths and interests, however, subjects such as Anatomy and Physiology are often considered challenging due to their complex and extensive content.

Are laboratory or practical sessions included in the first year subjects?

Yes, the first year subjects such as Nutrition, Microbiology, and Nursing Foundations include practical or laboratory sessions.

Is clinical exposure or field visits conducted in the first year of BSc Nursing?

Clinical exposure and field visits are an integral part of the curriculum where students are introduced to clinical settings to observe patient care, interact with healthcare professionals, and gain practical experience.

What physiological systems are addressed in the BSc Nursing syllabus 1st year?

The BSc Nursing 1st year syllabus covers a range of physiological systems including the skeletal system, muscular system, nervous system, circulatory system, respiratory system, digestive system, and excretory system.

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First aid module for BSc. Nursing students in semester-I

First-aid module training is a low-cost, high-impact method of lowering morbidity and mortality. With the help of the Belgian Red Cross Evidence Practice Center, the Belgian Red Cross-Flanders, and a multidisciplinary expert panel, the Indian Red Cross Society developed evidence-based Indian first aid guidelines in 2014.

• About first-aid
• First aid and law
• Managing an emergency
• Resuscitation (Basic CPR)
• Recoverable position
• The initial examination from head to toe
• Hygiene  and handwashing

About FIRST-AID

Basic first aid.

Before the arrival of an ambulance, a qualified paramedical or medical person, or before arriving at a facility that can provide professional medical care, first aid is the first assistance or treatment given to a casualty or a sick person for any injury or unexpected illness .

The objectives of first aid

The objectives of first aid are to (a) save lives, (b) prevent the deterioration of one's medical condition, (c) promote recovery, and (d) assist in safe transportation to the nearest healthcare facility.

The first aider

Any person who has earned a certificate from an authorised training authority demonstrating that he or she is qualified to administer first aid is referred to as a first aider.

FIRST AID AND THE LAW

The following subset of the guidelines is included:

A bystander or Good Samaritan ("someone who assists an injured individual in an emergency") such as a witness to an accident, may transport an injured person to the nearest hospital and should be permitted to depart right away. The eyewitness is required to disclose his or her address.

There are no questions to be asked. Any civil or criminal responsibility for the onlooker or Good Samaritan must be waived. A witness or Good Samaritan who calls the police or emergency services to report an injured person on the road cannot be forced to reveal his name or personal information over the phone or in person.

The sharing of the Good Samaritan's contact information will be optional. A doctor's or nurse’s failure to respond in an emergency involving a road accident (when he is required to offer care) is considered Professional Misconduct .

STEPS FOR MANAGING AN EMERGENCY

Although emergency situations differ widely, there are four fundamental measures that must always be followed:

STEP 1: Make the location as secure as possible

First and first, your own safety should always be prioritized. As a first responder, you should:  Try to figure out what's going on. Look for any potential dangers, such as traffic, fire, or power cables; if you are placing yourself in danger, never approach an accident scene. Do everything you can to protect the injured person(s) and other individuals on the scene; be aware that the injured person's property is at risk. Theft is a possibility. So keep your safety in mind, and if an accident scene is unsafe and you can't aid without placing yourself at risk, call the police.

When coming into contact with the injured or sick person's blood or body fluids, it's also necessary to wash your hands and wear gloves or other protective gear.

As a first responder, you should always respect traffic laws; ask other persons to notify traffic about the accident; and, if possible, install a warning sign at a good distance from the accident, at least 30 meters on either side, to warn traffic. After the accident, remember to remove the warning signs; seek assistance from the police or emergency services; do not allow anyone to smoke near the accident site; turn off the engines of all cars involved in the accident, and try to apply the handbrake to keep vehicles involved in the accident from moving. You can also prevent rolling by placing something against the tires.

If there has been a head, neck, back, leg, or arm injury, any movement may aggravate the ailment. Only transport injured persons if: the injured person is at greater risk if he is left there, the situation cannot be made safe, medical help will not arrive soon, and you can do so safely.

STEP 2: Assess the injured person's health

You can assess the sick or injured person's condition if it is safe. Always make sure he's awake and breathing normally. Situations involving a loss of consciousness or difficulty breathing are frequently fatal. Inside the body, bleeding can occur and be life-threatening, even if there is no visible blood loss. This booklet explains resuscitation techniques (CPR), the recovery position, and other topics.

STEP 3: Seek assistance

After assessing the sick or injured person's condition, you can determine whether immediate assistance is required. If assistance is required, have a bystander contact for assistance. Request that he returns and confirm that assistance is being provided. If you call for assistance, have the following information ready: the location where assistance is needed (address, street, specific reference points, location; if in a building: floor, room); the telephone or mobile number you are calling from; the nature of the problem; what happened (car accident, fall, sudden illness, explosion, etc.); how many injured; nature of the injuries (if you know); what type of assistance is required: ambulance, paramedic, etc.

STEP 4. Provide first-aid care

When giving first aid, attempt to keep an ill or injured person warm and safe from the elements. If a person is severely hurt, nauseated, sleepy, or falls unconscious, do not offer him or her anything to eat or drink. Be mindful that being in an emergency scenario can be quite stressful for the injured or ill individual. Follow these easy guidelines to help him get through the ordeal: Identify yourself to the sick or injured individual, explain how you will assist him, and reassure him. This will aid in his relaxation; listen to the individual and express care and friendliness; make him as comfortable as possible.

RESUSCITATION ( BASIC CPR )

CPR is a procedure that combines cardiac chest compression with artificial circulation to deliver oxygen and circulation to a person who is unconscious until medical assistance arrives. When conducted with the heart pumping off, this is a life-saving first aid operation that boosts a person's chances of survival.  If a person stops breathing in any of the following scenarios, CPR may be required:

Road accident, Heart attack or stroke, Suffocation, Drowning \Poisoning, Suffocation \ Smoke inhalation, Overdosing on drugs or alcohol, Suspected SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome)

To hold life, we need our hearts to pump oxygenated blood to our vital organs. To achieve this we want to be respiration and our hearts need to be pumping. Should both of these functions stop, our brain and different essential organs will begin to deteriorate (brain cells normally die within 3-4 minutes due to lack of oxygen) which will in the end lead to death.

‘Ventricular fibrillation is the most frequent result of cardiac arrest, brought on by way of a coronary heart attack. When this happens, the quality chance of survival for the patient is to have their heart ‘restarted’ with a defibrillator. These are carried on all ambulances, and can also be found in some public places (shopping centres, etc.).

These days’ defibrillators are very sophisticated and will talk you through the process, but you ought to be educated in the use of them earlier than trying to use one. However, even if you are skilled to use one, you must call an ambulance first, as this will give the casualty the nice danger of survival.

Even so, we want to keep the heart and Genius oxygenated as nice we can while assistance is on the way; this is when we begin   Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).

How can response and consciousness be detected?

When a person is abruptly unable to respond to stimuli such as sound or pain and looks to be asleep, they are said to be unconscious. For a few seconds (as with fainting) or for prolonged periods of time, a person may be unconscious. Loud noises and shaking have little effect on those who have fallen asleep. They could possibly cease breathing or have a weak pulse. This necessitates rapid assistance. It is preferable if the victim receives emergency first help as soon as possible.

The  AVPU  scale (an acronym for "alert, voice, pain, unresponsiveness") is a technique for measuring and recording a patient's responsiveness, which indicates their state of awareness. It is based on the victim's eye-opening, vocal, and motor (motor) movements.

There are just four possible outcomes on the AVPU scale:

A-stands for alert

The individual is completely awake (although not necessarily oriented). The subject will open their eyes voluntarily, respond to voice (although confusedly), and exhibit bodily motor function.

V-stands for voices

Listening to and responding to other people's voices. When you speak to this individual, he responds in some way. It may be anything as simple as his opening his eyes, replying to your queries, or making a move. When encouraged by the rescuer's voice, these replies might be as little as a grunt, groan, or tiny movement of a limb.

P stands for pain

Perceiving and responding to pain. On the administration of pain stimuli, such as a central pain stimulus like a rub on his breastbone or a peripheral pain stimulus like pinching his fingers, the patient responds in any way. Patients with some level of consciousness (a completely awake patient would not require any pain stimuli) can respond by speaking, moving their eyes, or moving a bodily part (including abnormal posturing).

U stands for Unresponsiveness

Unresponsiveness (sometimes known as 'unconsciousness') is a kind of unresponsiveness. If the patient does not respond to speech or pain with an eye, vocal, or motor reaction, this result is noted.

How breathing can be Assessed

The airway may additionally be insufficient or obstructed, which can make respiratory difficult or not possible. The reason for airway obstruction may additionally be the following:

If there is a lack of throat muscle control, the tongue may also soak up and block the element of air. If reflexes are impaired, saliva might build at the back of the throat, impeding flight direction. Upchuck, blood, synthetic enamel, and other foreign things in the throat might potentially obstruct airflow.

To observe the breathing do the following:

Turn the patient around on his back if the patient is unconscious or not paying attention. sit on your knee near the patient the index and middle fingers of one hand should be used to lift the chin forward, while the palm of the other hand should be used to press the forehead backwards. the tongue will be lifted forward and the airways will be cleared by doing this manoeuvre. (see figure 2).

Pay attention to, feel, and describe the patient breathing. Check to verify if the patient is breathing after opening his or her airway. While staring down the victim's chest, position your cheek in front of his mouth (approximately 3-5 cm away) (towards his feet).

If you want, you can also place your palm in the centre of the patient's chest. By this, you can check if the patient is breathing properly using a variety of techniques: (See figure 3 above)

Keep a lookout for chest and abdominal movements. pay attention to breathing noises feel the air passing via the nose or mouth. If the patient's chest continues is not raised up, assume that the airway is not completely open.

The patient may begin breathing on his or her own once the airway has been cleared. Alternatively, clear the airway by eliminating any obvious obstructions: (a) Using a clean cloth/gloves, hook your first two fingers. (b) Sweep the interior of your mouth/throat. (c) Double-check your breathing.

How Pulse can be assessed?

It's not always simple to detect the pulse. During an emergency, feeling the pulse on the wrist is typically unreliable. Place your fingertips lightly on the voice box and slide them down into the depression between the voice box and the surrounding muscle to feel the pulse. Don't waste time looking for and feeling the pulse. Current layperson resuscitation recommendations state that CPR should be begun when the individual is not breathing or not breathing properly and that there is no need to check the pulse.

Resuscitation of an Individual Who is Not Breathing or is Not Breathing in a Normal Manner

If the patient is not breathing properly or not berating first, you should call for help and ask for an ambulance. Keep the palm of your one hand on the patient's chest at the centre. With the other hand on top, intertwine your fingers.

Kneel next to the patient's chest, on whichever side seems more comfortable.

Firmly press down on the patient's breastbone (current standards recommend a depth of 6cm), then relax the pressure while maintaining touch with the casualty. This is referred to as chest compression. Avoid pressing on the ribs, upper abdomen, or the end of the casualty's breastbone when administering pressure. Each compression should have the same time each time. Compress the chest at a pace of 100-120 compressions per minute for 30 seconds.

In an ideal circumstance, the victim would be lying flat on a firm surface, allowing CPR to be administered.

This isn't for all time the case, and you might need to do CPR on a patient who is lying down. If you find yourself in this circumstance, attempt to get the victim to the floor as soon as possible without injuring yourself or the victim. If this isn't feasible, remove any pillows or cushions and perform CPR with the victim lying flat. It's still preferable to doing nothing.

Combination of chest contractions with breathing:

After compressing the chest, bend the patient's head back to make sure the airway is clear. Pinch the person's nose off, this will ensure that the breath you give them does not escape.

You should take a deep breath and place your mouth on the patient’s mouth and make it a seal . Blow constantly into the mouth of the deceased, making sure their head is tilted backwards and their windpipe is open. Place your eyes on the injured person's chest to make sure it grows (this should take about a second) this is known as rescue breathing.

Remove your mouth and provide enough space for you to take a deep inhale. Keep the injured person's airways open and watch for air to fall from the chest. Keep your mouth shut and breathe a sigh of relief. You have to do this twice.

Immediately place your hand on the patient's chest and give 30 more chest compressions, followed by 2 more breaths. Continue switching between 30 chest compressions and 2 rescue breaths. 

Try the following if your respiratory effects aren't working:

Add extra 30 compressions to the chest. Remove any visible obstructions in the patient's mouth. To ensure that the patient's airways are clean, tilt the head back and lift the chin. If the patient's airways are not clean, the breath you take will not fill the lungs.  Continue CPR until emergency personnel come to take care of the situation.  You're too exhausted to go on.

Resuscitation of infants and children:

Understandably, some individuals are hesitant to do CPR for fear of injuring the kid or newborn. Failure to deliver CPR to a kid in this situation, on the other hand, is likely to result in serious penalties. CPR performed on a kid is the same as CPR performed on an adult. Only a few small changes have been made to the procedure such as before beginning CPR, giving the infant 5 breathes and then reducing 30 chest compressions to 2 respirations. If you're alone, perform CPR for approximately a minute before seeking medical assistance.

RECOVERABLE POSITION 

The recovery position is a lateral prone posture in which a patient who is asleep but breathing regularly might be put during first aid treatment.  Muscles are relaxed in an unconscious individual. The tongue obstructs the airway as a result of this. By gently tilting the head back and elevating the chin, this risk may be avoided. For unconscious victims who are breathing, the recovery posture should be adopted.

The arms and legs of the victim offer the essential support to keep the body in a secure and comfortable position.  Concerns about possible spinal damage take a back seat to the need to clear the breathing route. An unconscious individual must be put onto his back to unclog the breathing path and check to breathe unless it is evident that the person is breathing regularly.

THE INITIAL EXAMINATION FROM HEAD TO TOE

Ask the patient about the accident. If the casualty is aware, he or she will provide the history. Someone who saw the accident will assist him if he is unconscious. The surroundings, such as an abandoned car or a damaged area around the location and its state, will add to the information. The first aider is informed of the casualty's symptoms.

Some symptoms are given below as examples which may occur during casualty may report:  Pain, cold or heat, thirst, nausea, weakness, dizziness, fainting, any loss of normal mobility, any loss of sensation, momentary loss of consciousness, loss of memory, having experienced the sensation of fracturing a bone, and so on

HYGIENE AND HANDWASHING

You should wet your hands and wash them properly. Cover all areas of your hands in soap. This is best done with liquid soap. You may also use ash that has cooled down to wash your hands.  Rub your hands together vigorously for 40-60 seconds, then thoroughly wash them.

Make sure the soap gets all the way down to your fingertips. Don't forget your thumbs, the area between your fingers, and the tips of your fingers. Hands must be thoroughly rinsed. Make sure you have enough water. Hands must be completely dry.

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20 important Basic Life Support questions and answers 2021

First aid for teachers and students (fast).

First Aid Mobile Software, an app developed by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in collaboration with the Indian Red Cross Society (IRCS), has been launched on Google Play Store and the Apple Store.  First Aid Mobile App has been uploaded both in Google Play Store and Apple Store. The link to access the FAST App on Google Play Store (Android) is  https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.vcaretechnologies.firstaid.fast . FAST - First Aid Mobile App aid in the delivery of first aid training to teachers and students, ensuring that any emergency scenario that arises on school grounds is handled quickly until professional medical assistance arrives.

The nurse appears to have a professional and ethical obligation to offer first aid, as well as a legal one in some instances.

Nurses consider as personnel who have the necessary training and experience if they can exhibit existing first-aid knowledge and abilities. Basic life support (BLS) training and AED usage are required for all nursing and medical workers.

Airway, breathing, and CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) are the ABCs of first aid

In an emergency, there is no legal requirement to volunteer. When a practitioner assumes some responsibility for the patient's care, the legal obligation to care frequently develops.

This provides you with the ability to avoid the problem from worsening. If the patient does not obtain first aid care as soon as possible, the situation may deteriorate. You can stabilize the patient until emergency medical help arrives if you can offer first aid.

Compulsory training is a type of training that is required by an organisation in order to perform services in a safe and effective manner. This form of training is intended to decrease organizational risks and ensure compliance with local, state, and federal policies and regulations.

When a legislative body orders that body offer training in conformity with the law, it is referred to as legal training. Business-specific training that the employer deems required or vital for a given position is referred to as mandatory training.

The purpose of first aid is to save lives, prevent injury, and help rehabilitation.

The three P's summary, in particular, promotes health, prevents additional injuries, and promotes rehabilitation.

First Aid 4C" helps providers focus on the steps they need to take to safely manage an emergency: check, call, take care and complete.

CPR methods may be stated as ABC of CPR, with A referring to the airway, B to breathing, and C to circulation.

CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) is a life-saving method that may be used in a variety of situations where one's breathing or heartbeat has stopped, such as a heart attack or drowning. Beginning CPR with tight and quick chest compressions is recommended by the American Heart Association.

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Staying up to date on nursing topics is an important task to keep in mind. Prof. R. P. Saxena founder of www.communityhealthnursing.guru has created this site during COVID-19 Pandemic for all Nursing students, Professional Nurses and Public to keep in touch with current trend in the subject of nursing to excel in their careers. I hope this site will be very useful to all.

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Fundamentals of Nursing PDF Notes Free Download For 1st Year

Download Fundamentals of Nursing Pdf Notes Free for the GNM Nursing 1st Year Students. These Fundamentals of Nursing Pdf Notes are made according to the syllabus. So, you can take full advantage of these notes in your exams.

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Table of Contents

Download Topic-wise Fundamentals of Nursing PDF Notes

This short description helps students to find out the topics that they need. Students can easily download all the units just by clicking on the below URL.

Introduction to Nursing

This PDF Note Includes the following topics.

Nursing care of the patient

Meeting the basic needs of a patient, assessment of the patients, infection control, therapeutic nursing care, introduction to clinical pharmacology, how many chapters are in the foundations of nursing.

Fundamentals of Nursing has 7 chapters, these are – 1. Introduction to Nursing 2. Nursing care of the patient 3. Meeting the Basic Needs of patients 4. Assessment of patient/client 5. Infection control 6. Therapeutic Nursing Care 7. Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology

What is the foundations of nursing?

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