how much for a phd in psychology

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How Long Does It Take to Get a PhD in Psychology?

Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

Emily is a board-certified science editor who has worked with top digital publishing brands like Voices for Biodiversity, Study.com, GoodTherapy, Vox, and Verywell.

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• How Long Will It Take?

Before You Earn PhD in Psychology

Which type of degree should you get, can you finish your degree early.

Just how long does it take to get a PhD in psychology? The answer can vary depending on your program, educational background, and academic schedule. In general, most PhD psychology programs take anywhere from five to seven years to complete.

Learning more about what it takes to get a doctorate in psychology can help you better plan your educational and career journey.

At a Glance

Getting a PhD in psychology can take several years of graduate study. If you are thinking about becoming a psychologist, research your degree options to figure out what type of degree you need and how long it will take to enter your chosen profession. No matter what you decide, plan to spend anywhere from three to seven years in graduate school to earn a doctorate.

How Long Will It Take to Get a Doctorate Degree?

How long it takes to get a doctorate in psychology depends on various factors, including the type of degree you have selected, your educational background, and the individual doctorate program in which you have enrolled.

Most doctorate programs in psychology take between four to seven years to complete.

PhD in Psychology

Most PhD programs require at least five to seven years to complete. These programs often follow a scientist-practitioner model that trains professionals both in research and clinical practice.

In addition to regular coursework, you may also be expected to complete an internship or supervised residency. The program usually culminates in completing an original research project or dissertation.

PsyD Degree

Most PsyD programs require between four to six years to complete. A PsyD is a degree designed to train professionals to apply psychological knowledge to treating and helping people in real-world settings.

According to the American Psychological Association, PsyD programs focus more on applying psychological science, usually in the form of service.  

Most EdD programs require between three to five years to complete. EdD programs are often focused on psychology, counseling, or counselor education. They explore topics that involve both education and psychology.

It is important to note that many applicants to EdD programs already hold a master's degree in a related field. This differs from applicants to PhD and PsyD programs, who often begin their program of study with a bachelor's degree.

Before you begin your academic journey, it is a good idea to look at just how long it will take you to complete your degree. The amount of time it will take can depend upon various factors, including:

• Your chosen specialty area
• The program you select
• The course load you can take each semester

A doctorate-level degree in psychology is required to work in many job areas, including as a licensed clinical psychologist or counseling psychologist. According to the American Psychological Association, a doctorate degree is also often required in fields such as school psychology or health psychology .

So how long does it take to get a PhD in Psychology ? First, it is essential to realize that the degree requirements can vary depending on the field that you decide to pursue. A PhD, or Doctor of Philosophy degree is not necessarily your only option. In some cases, you might want also to consider the PsyD (Doctor of Psychology) or the EdD (Doctor of Education) degree options.

The PhD, PsyD, and EdD are all great options, but don't let how long it takes to complete be the primary deciding factor. Before you decide to get a doctorate degree, start by deciding which type of degree is most suited to your professional goals.

If you want to conduct research:

A PhD in Psychology tends to focus on a research-based model of education. People with a PhD in Psychology are qualified for a wide range of teaching, research, and clinical positions in colleges, universities, hospitals, government offices, and private mental health practices.

If you want to treat mental health issues:

The PsyD degree option generally focuses on a practitioner-based model of education. Individuals with a PsyD degree can also teach or conduct psychology research, but they frequently work in applied settings to provide direct mental health services.

If you want to apply psychology to help students:

Finally, there is also a third doctorate option that you might also want to consider depending on your career goals. If you are interested in working as a school psychologist or in a related educational field, the EdD, or Doctor of Education, is a possible option.

Despite the years of work, earning your PhD, PsyD, or EdD can be well worth the effort. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics suggests that workers with a doctoral or education specialist degree in clinical, counseling, and school psychology will find the strongest job opportunities.

Generally, if you have a strong background in psychology and have completed all of the necessary prerequisites, you can finish your doctorate sooner than students who have not taken the prerequisite courses.

Carefully planning your degree can also help ensure you complete the program requirements quickly.

Be sure you have a clear idea of what you want to do with your psychology degree once you've completed it. Do you want to teach, or is research more appealing to you? Are you interested in seeing clients, or are you planning to combine your training in psychology with another field, such as law or medicine?

If you need help deciding, make an important with an academic advisor at your school. They can help you explore your options and answer any questions you may have.

What This Means For You

No matter the degree you decide to pursue, earning a doctorate in psychology requires a significant investment of time, money, and effort. Because of this, it is essential to carefully consider your goals before deciding on a graduate program. You should also think about whether you need a doctorate or if a master's might be more appropriate.

Gee DG, DeYoung KA, McLaughlin KA, et al. Training the next generation of clinical psychological scientists: A data-driven call to action .  Annu Rev Clin Psychol . 2022;18:43-70. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-092500

Loyola University. Can I get my Psy.D. without a Master's in Psychology?

American Psychological Association. Doctoral degrees in psychology: How are they different, or not so different ?

Franklin University. Is getting a Doctorate in Education worth it?

American Psychological Association. Frequently asked questions about graduate school .

Bureau of Labor Statistics. Psychologists . Occupational Outlook Handbook .

Carr, A. Clinical Psychology: An Introduction . London: Routledge; 2012.

Kuther, TL. The Psychology Major's Handbook . Boston, MA: Cengage Learning; 2016.

By Kendra Cherry, MSEd Kendra Cherry, MS, is a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, psychology educator, and author of the "Everything Psychology Book."

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PhD Admission FAQ

General Information

When is the application due and how do i apply .

NOW CLOSED- The application is due on  November 30, 2023  at 11:59 PM Pacific Time. 

Apply using the  application portal .

How long does it take to get a PhD in Psychology at Stanford?

The PhD program is designed to be completed in five years of full-time study. Actual time will depend on students' prior background, progress, and research requirements. The minimum residency requirement for the PhD degree is 135 units of completed coursework and research units.

What are the requirements for the PhD degree in Psychology?

Please consult the  PhD Requirements page .

What are the different subfields within the graduate program in Psychology?

• Affective Science
• Cognitive Psychology
• Developmental Psychology
• Neuroscience
• Social Psychology

What is the Department's teaching requirement?

PhD students must complete at least five quarters of teaching assistantship (TA) under the supervision of a faculty member. Students are required to attend a TA training workshop in their second year. In addition, students are encouraged to take advantage of department and university teacher training programs. Students for whom English is a second language are expected to acquire sufficient fluency in English. All international students must be approved by  Stanford’s EFS department . 

How many students apply to the Stanford Psychology PhD? How many are admitted? What are the demographics?

Stanford provides public reports with summary data about graduate programs and graduate admissions. Please consult the public dashboards published by Stanford's office of Institutional Research & Decision Support on  doctoral admissions ,  doctoral enrollment and demographics , and  doctoral completion and time-to-degree . 

Is there a standalone Master of Arts program in Psychology?

The Department of Psychology does not offer a terminal Master’s degree program. Current doctoral students within the Department or in another Stanford graduate program may apply to be awarded a Master of Arts in Psychology during the course of their PhD program.

Does your department have a program in Clinical Psychology? Are you accredited by the APA?

No. Our department does not have a program in Clinical Psychology. As such, we are not accredited by the APA.

Do you have any advice about getting into grad school?

The Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences offers an online resource for prospective graduate school applicants:  Guide on Getting Into Grad School . We encourage applicants to take advantage of this resource.

Financial Support

What is the annual cost of attending your program.

All students admitted to the Psychology PhD program receive five years of 12-month funding. Financial support is provided through a combination of fellowship stipend and salary, and assistantship salary and tuition allowance. Information about the cost of attendance and funding options are available from the  Financial Aid Office .

What type of financial support do you offer?

All students admitted to the Psychology PhD program receive five years of 12-month funding. Financial support is provided through a combination of fellowship stipend and salary, and assistantship salary and tuition allowance. Funding is contingent upon satisfactory academic progress. Students are encouraged to pursue fellowships offered by the University and by national organizations, such as the National Science Foundation.

Stanford University also offers the  Knight-Hennessy Scholars  program, designed to build a multidisciplinary community of Stanford graduate students dedicated to finding creative solutions to the world's greatest challenges. The program awards up to 100 high-achieving students every year with full funding to pursue graduate education at Stanford, including the PhD in Psychology. To be considered, you must apply to Knight-Hennessy Scholars and separately apply to the Psychology Department. Note that the Knight-Hennessy Scholars program application deadline is in the spring  before  the autumn application cycle.

Do you offer support for the summer months?

Yes, funding is offered for 12 months a year for 5 full years, including 5 summers.

Preparing for Admission

Am i eligible to apply if my undergraduate major is not in psychology.

An undergraduate major in Psychology is not required; applicants from other backgrounds can apply and be admitted. All applicants should have sufficient foundational knowledge and research experience prior to the program to allow them to go straight into graduate-level coursework and conduct research.

My undergraduate degree was completed outside the United States. Is my degree eligible? 

Please refer to the Stanford Graduate Admission Office's table of  minimum level requirements for international academic credentials . These credential requirements are set by the University and nonnegotiable.

If I have prior graduate work, can it be transferred to the PhD program?

No, the Department of Psychology does not allow the transfer of unit credits from your previous program.

How competitive is admission to the PhD program?

Admission to our program is highly competitive. About 10-15 admits enter the program each year and are chosen from a pool of over 600 applicants. These students are selected on the basis of a strong academic background as demonstrated by previous coursework, research experience, and letters of recommendation. Please be assured that the Department reviews each application very carefully and makes decisions on an individual basis.

The Application Process

How do i apply.

Please visit the  PhD Admissions page  for instructions on how to apply to the Psychology PhD Program, graduate application requirements, and the link to the online application. 

Is there an application fee? If so, can I apply for a fee waiver?

The fee to apply for graduate study at Stanford is $125, see  Application Fee . Fee waivers are available for some applicants. Please visit Graduate Admissions for information on applying for an  Application Fee Waiver .

Can I submit another application to a different department within the University?

You may only apply to one degree program per academic year. However, you may apply concurrently to one departmental program and to a professional school program (law, medicine, or business).

I'm interested in the joint JD/PhD in Law and Psychology - how does it work?

Students interested in the JD/Ph.D. joint degree must apply and gain entrance separately to the School of Law and the Psychology Ph.D. program. Additionally, students must secure permission from each degree program to pursue the joint degree. Interest in both degrees should be noted on the student’s admissions applications and may be considered by the admissions committee of each program. Alternatively, an enrolled student in either the Law School or the Psychology department may apply to add the other degree and undertake the joint degree program, preferably during their first year of study. Students participating in the JD/Ph.D. joint degree program are not eligible to transfer and receive credit for a masters, or other degree, towards the Psychology Ph.D.

Students interested in the MPP/Ph.D. joint degree must apply and gain entrance to the Public Policy program’s MPP degree and the Psychology Ph.D. program. Students should note their interest in both degrees on their graduate admissions applications. Additionally, students must secure permission from each degree program to pursue the joint degree

Which faculty are accepting new students this year?

All active faculty are potentially accepting new students each year. In your application, we ask you to list the top 3 faculty you are most interested in working with. Multiple readers will review your application in full regardless of who you list. 

My institution does not report GPAs on a 4.0 grading scale. How should I report my GPA on the application?

Please do not convert your GPA to a 4.0 grading scale. You should enter “0.00” for the GPA and use the “Unconverted GPA” and “Unconverted GPA System” fields instead. A link to detailed instructions for reporting GPA is located near these fields on the application.

I attended multiple undergraduate institutions. In what order should I list them on the application?

The institution where you earned or expect to earn your Bachelor's degree should be listed as "Post-Secondary Institution 1." The remaining institutions don’t have to follow a particular order. List all institutions that were attended for at least one full academic year. Please note that you must submit a transcript for all courses taken towards your undergraduate degree, including those from your nonprimary institutions.

When should I submit my transcripts if my degree will still be in progress at the time of the application deadline?

The most current version of your unofficial transcript must be submitted as part of your electronic application, even if the grades from your fall term are not available. The absence of these grades will have no impact on the review of your application. If you are admitted and enrolled, we will ask you to submit your final transcript showing all grades and proof of degree conferral.

Should I submit official transcripts?

At the time of your initial application, please only submit your unofficial transcripts. Submit the unofficial transcripts as part of your electronic application, per the instructions in the application portal. A short list of applicants who move forward to the next stage of the review process will be contacted with instructions for submitting official transcripts at a later stage. 

It may be helpful to understand the difference.  Unofficial transcripts  are transcripts issued by your college or university directly to you, the student, which you then submit to Stanford for review. Official transcripts  are transcripts issued by your college or university directly to Stanford University, usually by secure electronic transfer and sometimes in hard copy in signed and sealed envelopes. The key difference is that an  official transcript  has never been directly handled by the applicant.

Do you have a minimum GPA score?

We do not require applicants to have a minimum GPA for consideration, and we do not release information about the average GPAs of accepted students. As a guideline, successful applicants typically earn undergraduate cumulative GPAs among the top of their class. However, please keep in mind that admission to our graduate program depends on a combination of factors, and all areas of a student’s application are weighed similarly when applications are reviewed. If our research areas meet your educational goals, we encourage you to submit an application. 

May I contact the faculty directly during the application process?

Applicants are not prohibited from reaching out to faculty directly during the application cycle. However, please understand that our faculty are extremely busy, and it is quite possible that you will receive either a very short response or no response at all. This does not mean the faculty are not interested in your application. All applications will be read and reviewed in full during the formal review process. Note that per Department policy, all faculty are potentially accepting graduate students in any given cycle, so you do not need to contact faculty in advance to see if that specific mentor is accepting students for the coming year.

Can I meet with Department staff either by phone or email before I apply to discuss my application materials or ask general questions about the program?

No, the Department staff do not have meetings with or provide individualized advising for prospective applicants. Please understand that this is a matter of bandwidth and equity. We do not have the ability to offer personalized service to all interested applicants, so we do not offer them at all. By Department policy, our staff do not provide any evaluative feedback on prospective applicants' materials, so please do not contact us with CVs, academic histories, etc to request feedback or ask about odds for acceptance. For support in crafting your application, we recommend that you turn to your existing network of mentors (e.g., your letter writers) and/or the resources offered by your current or prior academic institution(s).

TOEFL and GRE

Is the general gre required is the subject gre required.

No, the Stanford Psychology PhD program does not require the general GRE or the subject GRE. We will not be collecting any information related to GRE exam scores on the application. Please do not submit GRE scores to Stanford for our program.

What is the TOEFL exam, and am I required to take it?

The TOEFL is a standardized test of English language proficiency. Per University policy, the TOEFL exam is required for international, non-native English speakers who apply to any Stanford graduate program. 

The TOEFL score requirements are waived for international non-native English speakers who have received a Bachelor’s or Master’s degree from an institution in the United States or another English-speaking country. Therefore, applicants with these degrees from the U.S., Australia, Canada (except Quebec), New Zealand, Singapore, Ireland, and the United Kingdom (England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales) are exempt from taking the TOEFL and do not need to submit the TOEFL waiver request form.

When should I take the TOEFL?

The TOEFL must be taken by the published application deadline. 

What is the minimum TOEFL score required for admission?

Please visit the website of  Stanford's Office of Graduate Admissions  for more information on the University’s minimum requirements.

If my TOEFL score falls below the University’s minimum, am I still eligible to apply?

Yes, you may still apply. If your TOEFL scores fall below the University's minimum requirements and you are admitted, Stanford may require you to take an English placement exam and/or English classes.

May I submit the IELTS instead of the TOEFL to demonstrate English proficiency?

The IELTS is not accepted at Stanford University; only the TOEFL is accepted to provide proof of proficiency in English.

How do I request a TOEFL exemption or waiver?

For all questions related to TOEFL exemptions or waivers please refer to the website of  Stanford’s Office of Graduate Admissions . Please note that the central office makes all final decisions regarding TOEFL waivers; the Department of Psychology is not involved in the approval of TOEFL waivers.

How do I check the status of my TOEFL scores?

Log in to your application account. It may take up to two weeks after submitting your application or sending the scores (whichever occurs later) for your official scores to show as received. Processing may be delayed or halted if the name or birthdate on the score report does not exactly match the information on your application.

Why does my TOEFL status show as “Not Applicable” even though I submitted a TOEFL score?

This may be because you listed English as your first language in the application. Please note that “first language” refers to your native language.

Is there a department code for ETS to use in order to send in my scores?

No, there are no individual department code. Use the Stanford University score recipient code  4704  to send your TOEFL scores.

Statements of Purpose

How long should my statement of purpose be.

We strongly recommend that your statement of purpose be around two pages in length.

What should I include in my statement of purpose?

Please consult the Stanford Graduate Admissions  FAQ page  for more information on the Statement of Purpose.

Letters of Recommendation

When are the letters of recommendation due.

The letters of recommendation have the same deadline as the rest of the application. This year, the deadline is  November 30, 2023.

How many recommendations do I need, and who should I ask to be my recommenders?

Applicants need three recommendations from faculty or others qualified to evaluate your potential for graduate study. At least one evaluation and letter should be from a faculty member at the last school you attended as a full-time student (unless you have been out of school for more than five years). Substitutions for faculty recommendations may include work associates or others who can comment on your academic potential for graduate work.

My recommender will not be able to submit his/her letter by the application deadline. Will my application still be considered?

Letters of recommendation must be submitted by the application deadline. As such, we strongly encourage you to contact your recommenders directly to remind them of our deadline. If your recommender misses the deadline, please contact  psych-admissions [at] stanford.edu (psych-admissions[at]stanford[dot]edu) . Depending on the circumstances, Department staff may collect the letter via email and forward it to the faculty to add to your file. That said, the program expects applicants to do everything possible to ensure that letters are submitted on time via the secure online system.

Can my recommenders submit their letters via email, fax, or postal service?

No. Recommenders must submit their letters via Stanford’s online recommender system.

My recommenders are having technical difficulties with the online letters of recommendation process. Who should they contact?

Should any of your recommenders experience technical difficulties with the online letters of recommendation process, please refer them to our application database provider's letters of recommendation help page or have them submit a Help Request Form directly to our application database provider.

Additional Materials and Updates

I realized i made a mistake on my application and/or uploaded the wrong version of my documents. what do i do.

Depending on the timing and the nature of the error, our staff may be able to correct your application. Please send an email to  psych-admissions [at] stanford.edu (psych-admissions[at]stanford[dot]edu) . Include your full name, a complete description of the error, and attach the correct version of the file (if applicable). The Department reserves the right to decline to update your application after the deadline has passed. Requests will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.

If you need to change your recommenders, please use the Activity Status Page. Note: The order of recommenders cannot be changed.

May I submit a resume/CV, list of publications, etc. as part of my application?

Applicants are permitted to upload one additional document to the online application, under the “Document Uploads” section.

Is there an interview process? 

Yes, our faculty interview prospective students before making final admission decisions. 

When are the interviews?

The interviews for the current admissions cycle are likely to be in February 2021. We anticipate that all interviews will take place virtually.

When can I expect to find out the decision on my application?

The Department of Psychology aims to issue all offers of admission to PhD degree applicants by the end of March.

I applied in a prior cycle and was not admitted. Can I apply again?

Applicants who applied in prior cycles and were previously not admitted are welcome to reapply if they can demonstrate significant progress made since they last applied. We encourage you to use your Statement of Purpose to explain this progress.

All documents must be resubmitted with a new application. We do not keep records from past applications.

I still have questions!

If you have questions that are not answered on this page or the Stanford Graduate Admissions  FAQ page , please email  psych-admissions [at] stanford.edu (psych-admissions[at]stanford[dot]edu) . If your questions are already covered on this page, your email may not receive a response.

Note that our Department staff are experts on the logistics and administration of the application, but do not answer questions related to research topics or faculty fit. Per Department policy, Department staff will not offer any evaluative feedback on application materials or applicants' academic background. Unfortunately, due to the extremely high volume of inquiries, we cannot provide individual status updates for applicants at any point in the process.

How Long Does It Take To Get a PhD in Psychology?

Key Takeaways

• It typically takes between four to seven years for full time students to get a PhD degree in psychology.
• It takes part-time students five to seven years to complete a PhD program in psychology.
• The length of a PhD program varies based on program prerequisites, the type of degree, and whether you attend part or full-time or online or on-campus.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, only 1.2% of the population have doctoral degrees. The reason? The daunting length of a PhD degree. However, that does not have to be the case for everyone. A PhD in psychology typically depends on the student’s program, education, and schedule. Knowing more about the process can help you plan your studies and career.

A PhD in psychology can brighten your career prospects and direct you toward higher-paying and rewarding career opportunities. To help you get there, we have done research on how long it takes to get a PhD in psychology.

How long does it take to get a PhD in psychology?

The time it takes to get a doctorate in psychology varies. It depends on factors like the degree type, your education, and your specific program. Typically, these programs last between four to seven years. Let’s explore how long your PhD degree will take according to your degree type.

PhD in Psychology

PhD programs usually take five to seven years  to finish. They often combine research and clinical training, following a scientist-practitioner model.

Moreover, you might need to do an internship or supervised residency alongside classes. The program typically ends with a big research project or dissertation.

PsyD Degree

PsyD programs generally take four to six years to finish. They aim to teach professionals how to use psychological knowledge to help treat people in real-life situations.

According to the American Psychological Association, PsyD programs focus more on applying psychological science through services.

EdD programs typically span three to five years, focusing on psychology, counseling, or counselor education. They integrate education and psychology themes.

Unlike PhD and PsyD applicants, who often start with a bachelor’s degree, many EdD candidates already possess a related psychology master’s degree . This distinction underscores the varied entry points into doctoral studies. Moreover, it reflects the specialized nature of EdD programs in preparing professionals for roles in education and psychology.

What is the duration of a PhD in psychology for part-time students?

You can earn a PhD in psychology while being a part-time student, says the  American Psychology Association . Both full and part-time students have the same program requirements, part-time students might take five to seven years to finish.

Not all schools accept part-time students, so check with your chosen schools first. Doing the required internship might be tough for part-time students. Part-time internships are less available compared to full-time ones.

The Association of Psychology Postdoctoral and Internship Centers offers hundreds of internships, only 17 are for part-time students.

Factors to Consider Before Choosing a PhD Program in Psychology

It’s always good to ensure you don’t sign up for a degree that takes longer than you thought. So, before picking a PhD program in Psychology, consider a few things related to how long it takes, such as:

• Program Rules:  Check what each program needs—like classes, research, and your dissertation. This helps you understand how much time you’ll spend.
• Program Setup:  See if the program is flexible with class schedules and research options that fit what you want to do.
• Teacher Support:  Look into how much help teachers give. Their guidance can make a big difference in how quickly you finish.
• Money Help:  Check if there are ways to get money, like scholarships or assistant jobs. This can ease financial stress and let you focus on studying.
• Research Focus:  Think about what the program likes to study. This can affect how long your degree takes.
• Internship Needs:  Check if the program needs you to do internships. This might change how long you’re in school.
• Success Rates:  Find out how many students finish the program and how long it takes. It gives you an idea of how long you might take.

Which Type of Degree Should You Get?

A doctorate is required to work in certain fields, like licensed clinical or counseling psychology . The American Psychological Association says you often need a doctorate for school psychology or health psychology, too.

While the PhD, PsyD, and EdD are good choices, don’t focus solely on how long they take to finish. Before committing to a doctorate, consider which degree aligns best with your career goals.

Here are some degrees and their objectives to help you understand which program best fits your career preferences.

Conducting Research

A PhD in Psychology is focused on a research-based education model. So, anyone with a PhD in Psychology offers many career choices. For instance, you can go for research, academia, and clinical positions in colleges, government offices, hospitals, and private mental health clinics.

Treating Mental Health Issues

The general focus of a PsyD degree is on a practitioner-based education model. So, individuals who earn a PsyD degree have the choice to teach or conduct research in psychology. Their main job is to offer direct mental health care in applied settings.

Applying Psychology to Help Students

Finally, you can consider a third doctorate option, the EdD or Doctor of Education. This degree is ideal for those interested in school psychology or related educational psychology fields .

Despite the time commitment, obtaining a PhD, PsyD, or EdD can be highly rewarding. According to the  U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics , individuals with a doctoral or education specialist degree in clinical, counseling, and school psychology will have the most solid job opportunities.

Can you finish your degree early?

Generally, if your background in psychology is strong and you have finished all of the required prerequisites, you might complete your doctorate sooner. You will be ahead of those who haven’t taken those prerequisite courses.

Planning your degree well also helps you finish the program quickly. So, ensure you have a clear plan for what you want to do with your psychology degree after you’re done. You can teach, research, work with clients, or combine psychology with law or medicine.

If you’re unsure, talk to an advisor at your school. They can guide you, answer your questions, and help you decide what’s best for you.

Student Submitted Questions About PhD’s in Psychology

How hard is it to get a phd in psychology.

Obtaining an accelerated PhD in psychology  demands significant dedication and effort. Graduate students must tackle coursework, pass exams, undergo extensive internships, and conduct experimental dissertation studies. The process entails substantial commitment and perseverance, emphasizing the rigorous nature of doctoral studies in psychology.

Do you need a master’s to get a PhD in psychology?

No, a Master’s degree is not typically required to obtain a PhD in Psychology. Instead, you can apply to universities offering doctoral programs after completing a psychology bachelor’s degree . There are different types of postgraduate degrees in Psychology, such as PhD, PsyD, and EdD, each with its focus and requirements.

How much does a psychologist make?

PhD holders in Psychology can pursue diverse careers in schools, hospitals, and mental health facilities. Examples include Psychologist ($85,330), Counseling and School Psychologist ($ 81,500), and Psychology Professor ($78,810).

Earning a PhD in psychology involves years of study, typically taking three to seven years. If you’re considering a career as a psychologist, research the different program options and the time it takes to complete them.

Regardless of your choice, be prepared for a significant commitment to graduate school to complete your doctorate.

• Best Online Programs
• Best Campus Programs
• Behavior Psychology
• Clinical Psychology
• Counseling & Mental Health
• Developmental Psychology
• Educational Psychology
• Forensic Psychology
• General Psychology
• Health Psychology
• Industrial/Organizational
• Marriage Family Therapy
• Social Psychology
• Social Work
• Educational Psychologist
• Forensic Psychologist
• Clinical Psychologist
• Family Psychologists
• Marriage Family Therapist
• School Psychologist
• Social Psychologist
• School Counselors
• Neuropsychologist
• I/O Psychologist
• Sports Psychologist
• Addiction Counselor
• Mental Health Psychologist
• Counseling Psychologist
• Occupational Psychologist
• Child Psychiatrist
• Connecticut
• Massachusetts
• Mississippi
• New Hampshire
• North Carolina
• North Dakota
• Pennsylvania
• Rhode Island
• South Carolina
• South Dakota
• West Virginia
• PsyD vs PhD

What is Salary Outlook for PhD in Psychology?

In any field, the time and financial commitments involved in earning a doctorate are intense. But for people in most careers, earning a doctoral degree represents the educational pinnacle of achievement. In the field of psychology, there are two main degrees that serve this role — the Doctor of Psychology (Psy.D.) or the Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.).

Let’s learn more about the Ph.D. in Psychology degree, including what prospective students should know about their options, as well as what types of salaries they can expect to earn with career avenues that will open up after they complete this challenging degree.

What’s On This Page

Psychology doctorate options, psychology phd career tracks, psychology phd salary overview.

The two main types of psychology doctorates, Ph.D. and Psy.D., are similar but have some notable differences, and those differences likely will guide the decision of which degree type is right for you.

Ph.D. degrees are the more common and traditional type of psychology doctorate, while the Psy.D. was developed in the early 1970s. The biggest difference is that most Psy.D. programs are built around ensuring that students gain hands-on clinical experience, such as by providing direct mental healthcare to actual patients and clients. This is less common in Ph.D. in Psychology programs, which tend to focus much more heavily on the academic and research side of the equation.

So generally, if your intended psychology career path will include a large dose, or consist entirely, of lab or academic research, or you hope to teach at the collegiate level, a Ph.D. in Psychology will probably be the best choice for you. That said, Ph.D. programs are often more rigorous and selective than Psy.D. programs, so your options may be limited by the institutions offering programs in your state and online.

It’s also important to note that Ph.D. programs will typically take at least five years and could take as long as eight years, while Psy.D. programs tend to be closer to five or six, with some being designed to take as little as three years. Most Ph.D. programs will require doctoral candidates to teach, which also usually helps offset the cost of their education, and graduate fellowships and assistantships are much less common in Psy.D. programs.

And given that the Ph.D. is the much more storied type of psychology doctorate, it still commands a certain cache in many circles that Psy.D. programs don’t yet inspire, so earning a Ph.D. often is a signal of higher stature within the field of psychology, which could allow professionals to boost their wage expectations.

There is no single career path for prospective Ph.D. in Psychology students to follow, and chances are good that whatever type of role or focus area you’re interested in, there are plenty of roles you could fill.

Ph.D. Career Options by Industry

Career paths and educational choices will depend significantly on each person’s individual areas of interest. For example, those who want to focus on research into the biological impacts of the human mind on behavior may want to consider Ph.D. programs in neuropsychology or experimental psychology. But those who want to work in the corporate world would probably find more value in an industrial-organizational Ph.D. in Psychology degree.

Here’s a look at some of the most common focus areas within psychology Ph.D. educational programs:

• Developmental
• Quantitative
• Industrial-Organizational
• Neuroscience
• Attention & Perception

Statistically speaking, those with higher academic achievement tend to make more money. In fact, according to the most recent estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau, the median annual income level for those with a graduate or professional degree, such as a Ph.D. in Psychology, make about double the median income level for high school graduates. Those with advanced degrees also make considerably more than those who have only a bachelor’s degree — $72,492 vs. $54,628.

Let’s look at what a possible Ph.D. doctorate-holder could earn depending on their state, according to data published by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics . To calculate a rate across a few jobs, we calculated an average annual salary for the following jobs in each state (rates for a few jobs were not available in some states, so those were not included):

• Clinical, School or Counseling Psychologists
• General Psychologists
• Human Resources Managers
• Mental Health Social Workers
• Postsecondary Psychology Professors

Psychology Ph.D. wages are highest in New Jersey and California, and Rhode Island, D.C. and New York also offer average wages in the six figures. Average wages are lowest in Montana and West Virginia, though psychology Ph.D.-holders in those states can still expect to make more than the average worker.

Average annual psychology Ph.D. salary by state

The overall national average annual wage for the selected jobs is about $84,000, with Human Resources Managers having the highest average wages and Mental Health Social Workers averaging the lowest.

Average annual U.S. salary, selected psychology Ph.D. jobs

In every state, the selected psychology Ph.D. jobs are expected to see openings rise over the next several years. But in some states, growth will be much more rapid on average. Across the five jobs, the fastest average growth rate is expected in Utah, where the jobs will expand by an average of nearly 32%, while the slowest growth rate is projected to be in Mississippi.

Average projected growth in job openings by state, 2018-2028

The overall average growth rate of the five jobs is about 12% nationally, with job openings for Mental Health Social Workers growing by an average of nearly 17%, the highest of the five jobs.

Average U.S. projected growth in psychology Ph.D. job openings, 2018-2028

For most people, a high wage is far from the most important reason to pick a career or even a particular job. But the time and financial investment involved in earning a Ph.D. can be daunting, and knowing there’s a strong potential to earn a comfortable living for years to come is a good motivator to stick with the doctoral process.

Everything international students should know before taking a PhD in Psychology

The human mind is an intricate place, with many mysteries to unearth still. Those who want to explore it, deeply and profoundly, often decide to pursue a PhD in Psychology. 

The typical educational pathway for those aspiring to attain this degree involves several key milestones.

To get to the dizzying heights of a PhD, many start with a bachelor’s degree in Psychology or a closely related field.

This gives students foundational knowledge of various psychological theories and research methodologies. 

Many famous people have earned this bachelor’s , including actress Natalie Portman, singer-songwriter Gloria Estefan, rapper Lil Wayne, and the original presenter “The Daily Show” Jon Stewart

The next step for those still keen to pursue a PhD is a master’s degree in Psychology or a related discipline. This offers an opportunity to specialise further in specific areas of interest. 

These foundational steps equip students with the essential skills and knowledge to navigate the challenging terrain of doctoral-level research and practice.

While many know the pioneers of the field — like Sigmund Freud, the father of psychoanalysis, and B.F. Skinner, a behaviourist luminary — there are many other PhD holders who have made great headway. 

Known as the “ Father of Black Psychology, ”  Francis Cecil Sumner was the first  Black American to earn a PhD in Psychology in 1920.

He founded the psychology department at Howard University, a Historically Black College and University (HBCU).

Jennifer Eberhardt , who is a psychology professor at Stanford University, studied unconscious racial bias.

She was able to discover that people commonly associate Black people with crime more than people of other races. 

This was key information which pointed out how racial bias affects policing, and the criminal justice system has been used to develop implicit bias training. 

Psychoanalyst Melanie Klein found that children often utilise play as one of their primary means of communication.

Margaret Floy Washburn was the first woman to be awarded a PhD in Psychology, making strides in the fields of animal cognition and motor theory.

These great figures are certainly inspiring, fighting the boundaries of their time to make a difference in the field of psychology. 

For international students aspiring to undertake this transformative journey, it is essential to grasp the intricacies of the PhD process in psychology. 

Still, how do you know if a PhD itself is the right programme for you?

Should I get a PhD?

Most of us don’t know the difference between a PhD and a PsyD. 

Understanding the distinctions between these degrees is crucial for making an informed decision based on one’s career goals and aspirations.

“While there are many similarities between these two degrees, traditional PhD programmes tend to be more research-oriented while PsyD programmes are often more practice-oriented,” says Kendra Cherry .

She is an MS, a psychosocial rehabilitation specialist, a psychology educator, and the author of the “Everything Psychology Book”.

The PhD in Psychology is a research-focused degree that places a strong emphasis on scholarly inquiry and the advancement of theoretical knowledge. 

Those pursuing a PhD often engage in original research, contributing new insights to the field. 

The PsyD is a practitioner-focused degree designed for individuals interested in applying psychological principles in clinical practice. 

These programmes prioritise hands-on experience, practical training, and the development of clinical skills. 

Graduates with a PsyD often pursue careers in clinical psychology, counselling, or therapy. 

The road to completing your PhD in Psychology is a long one, so be prepared for the ride. Source: AFP

10 burning questions you might have about pursuing a PhD in Psychology

1. how long is a phd in psychology.

The duration of a PhD in Psychology is a critical consideration for prospective candidates. 

Earning any PhD is a rigorous process, but this one can take from five to seven years to complete. 

The timeline is influenced by various factors, including the specific requirements of the chosen programme, the nature of the research involved, and the individual’s progress.

The first few years often involve coursework to deepen theoretical understanding and refine research skills.

Then, candidates undergo comprehensive examinations to demonstrate mastery in their chosen speciality. 

The heart of the PhD journey lies in the research and dissertation phase, where students contribute original knowledge to the field. 

This demanding process, although time-consuming, fosters deep expertise that prepares graduates for impactful contributions to psychology. 

2. Is a PhD in Psychology useful?

A PhD in Psychology is more than just a pathway to a career in academia.

To those passionate about understanding and improving mental health, it is a valuable investment, whether or not they end up with a job.

“There’s a lot out there that really does overlay the training we psychologists have,” says Anjali Forber-Pratt , PhD, who directs the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR). 

“If you don’t want to go the clinical route or the academic route, there are all of these really rich and robust opportunities that you may not realise are out there.”

While academia offers a natural home for many doctoral graduates, with opportunities for teaching and research, the degree’s applicability transcends traditional boundaries. 

Many find themselves equipped for roles in clinical practice, where they can contribute to therapeutic interventions and counselling. 

A PhD in Psychology also opens doors to leadership positions in healthcare, organisational psychology, and even governmental agencies.

What’s more, the advanced research and analytical skills honed during the PhD journey empower individuals to assess and address complex issues critically. 

As societies worldwide recognise the importance of mental well-being, the demand for qualified psychologists continues to grow. 

This degree not only enriches the individual’s intellectual and professional capacities but also positions them as agents of positive change in diverse fields.

Skipping your master’s degree before pursuing a PhD can be risky if you’re prepared for the drastic learning curve. Source: AFP

3.  Can I skip my master’s and pursue a PhD in Psychology?

Some general PhD in Psychology programmes accept students without a master’s degree, but you’ll need at least a bachelor’s degree for admission. These programmes are often called dual or joint-degree programmes.

In Australia, it’s possible for bachelor’s graduates with an honour’s year to apply to PhDs without a master’s degree.

It’s always important to check the admission requirements for your programmes before enrolling. Speak with faculty members or advisors within the university’s psychology department to understand their expectations and recommendations regarding your academic journey.

Demonstrating substantial research experience, such as through internships, assistantships, or independent projects, can also strengthen your application for direct entry into a PhD programme.

Beyond academic and clinical practice, a PhD in Psychology can set you up to become a public intellectual. Source: AFP

4. Should I go straight to do a PhD in Psychology or a master’s programme?

Nothing stops you from pursuing your PhD in psychology without taking a master’s degree. 

That said, the transition between a bachelor’s degree and a PhD is incredibly sharp.

While this move could save you money, it may be harder for you to complete a PhD with the research experience obtained from completing a master’s degree.

5. What is the highest degree in psychology?

The highest degree you can achieve in the field of psychology is at a doctoral level. Primarily, there are two types: a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in Psychology or a Doctor of Psychology (PsyD). 

Sports psychology is a popular PhD in Psychology specialisation3. Source: AFP

6. What are the best PhD in Psychology programmes to pursue?

The best PhD in Psychology specialisations for you can depend on your specific research interests, career aspirations, faculty mentors, available resources, and the overall fit between your goals.

Here are some popular specialisations for this type of programme:

• Clinical Psychology: Focuses on diagnoses and treatments of mental, emotional, and behavioural disorders. 
• Cognitive Psychology: Studies mental processes like perception, memory, attention, language, and problem-solving. Research in this field explores how humans think, learn, and process information.
• Developmental Psychology: Focuses on human development across the lifespan, from infancy to old age. Researchers in this field explore cognitive, emotional, and social development.
• Social Psychology: Examines how social influences affect human behaviour, attitudes, and interactions. It covers topics like conformity, persuasion, prejudice, and group dynamics.
• Neuropsychology/Behavioral Neuroscience: Explores the relationship between the brain and behaviour, studying the neurological basis of behaviour, cognition, and emotion.

Get a PhD in Psychology, become a professor and you may just one day sit on the same panel as the Dalai Lama. Source: AFP

7.  Which university is best for a PhD in Psychology?

These universities are known to house some of the best PhD in Psychology programmes:

• Cornell University: It is a private Ivy League land-grant university with seven undergraduate and graduate divisions, each functioning mostly autonomously. The university offers one of the best PhD in Psychology programmes today, which aims to encourage students to contribute to original research and develop the ability to critically analyse subjects in their fields of study based on scientific literature. The programme has a practical and experimental focus, with facilities like electrophysiological, chemical, and surgical laboratories and audio-visual studios.
• Harvard University: As one of the world’s most prestigious higher learning institutions, it has the highest endowment levels of any US or Canadian university and offers two doctoral psychology programmes in two different tracks. One track includes social psychology, developmental psychology, and CBB (Cognition, Brain, and Behavior), while the other is based mainly on Clinical Science. Do note that this department is APA-accredited. APA stands for American Psychological Association
• Stanford University: The PhD programme in Psychology at Stanford earns high marks for its collaborative spirit between students and faculty advisors. Over the course of this five-year programme, students participate in 135 units of research units and coursework.

Funding opportunities for student who wanted to undertake a PhD, and those who want to study a PhD in Psychology,  are no different. Source: AFP

8.  What funding opportunities are available for a PhD in Psychology?

Many universities offer teaching assistantships or research assistantships to doctoral students. In return for some work, usually teaching courses or helping faculty members with research projects, they receive financial support. 

Universities, private foundations, government agencies, and professional organisations may award fellowships or scholarships that cover tuition, stipends, or research expenses. 

You can apply for research grants to fund their dissertation projects or other research endeavours as well. Faculty members or departments often guide students in applying for these grants.

9. Do all psychologists have a PhD?

According to the Bureau of Labour Statistics , almost all psychologists have a doctorate degree. Only a few specialities of psychologists can work with a master’s degree and additional certification and licensure. 

For a clinical or counselling psychologist, an internship in counselling is typically required. The candidate must then pass a licensure exam from the state where they want to practise.

For a research psychologist, a completed doctoral dissertation and fellowship are required, followed by licensure. Educational psychologists need licensure to practise in public education as well as the psychologist’s licence.

Many psychologists and professionals in related fields hold master’s degrees. Master’s programmes in psychology can lead to careers in counselling, therapy, school psychology, industrial-organisational psychology, and various specialised areas.

Examples include Master of Arts (MA) in Psychology, Master of Science (MS) in Psychology, and Master of Counseling (MC).

Studying a PhD in Psychology can be challenging due to how long it takes to complete the programme. Source: AFP

10.  Is getting a PhD in Psychology hard?

Like all PhD programmes, a PhD in Psychology is academically demanding. They involve intensive coursework, advanced statistics, research methodologies, and theoretical studies.

These programmes often require students to conduct original research for their dissertations. This process involves designing studies, collecting data, analysng results, and presenting findings in a scholarly manner.

Then, there’s the issue of time. PhD in Psychology can take up to seven years to complete. The duration can vary based on the programme, research requirements, and individual progress.

The challenges are likely to start even before your first day. And that’s because a dmission to doctoral programmes can be highly competitive.

Applicants need strong academic backgrounds, relevant research experience, impressive letters of recommendation, and compelling personal statements. The application process can take close to a year.

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PhD in Behavioral Psychology – Everything You Need to Know in 2024

What’s in this guide, at a glance, why get a phd in behavioral psychology, what’s covered in a phd in behavioral psychology, entry requirements, how much does a phd in behavioral psychology cost, what jobs can you do with a phd in behavioral psychology, how much can you earn with a phd in behavioral psychology.

By PsychologyJobs.com Staff Writer

A PhD in Behavioral Psychology is an advanced academic degree that provides students with the highest level of training in the principles of behavioral psychology and their applications.. Behavioral Psychology or behaviorism is a subfield of psychology that emphasizes observable and measurable behaviors, rather than internal mental processes.

A PhD in Behavioral Psychology usually takes 4 to 6 years to complete.

Students will typically undertake rigorous coursework in areas such as behavioral neuroscience, learning and memory, personality, and social psychology. They will also engage in research projects that involve the development and testing of theories related to behavior and mental processes.

Higher Earning Potential

Pursuing a PhD in Behavioral Psychology can lead to higher earning potential compared to individuals with only a  bachelor’s  or even  master’s degree in behavioral psychology . A report by the American Psychological Association found that individuals with a PhD in Psychology earned an average of $90,000 per year, compared to $60,000 per year for those with a master’s degree in the field.

Research and Contribution to the Field

Pursuing a PhD in Behavioral Psychology allows individuals to conduct original research and make a meaningful contribution to the field of psychology. According to a survey conducted by the Council of Graduate Schools, over 90% of PhD students in psychology report that they engage in research as part of their program. This research can lead to important findings and advances in our understanding of behavior and mental processes. Additionally, individuals with a PhD in Behavioral Psychology may publish their research in academic journals, present their findings at conferences, and contribute to the development of new theories and interventions.

Personal and Professional Development

Pursuing a PhD in Behavioral Psychology can be a challenging but rewarding experience that promotes personal and professional development. According to a survey of PhD students conducted by the National Science Foundation, over 90% of students reported that their PhD program helped them develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and communication skills.

Here are some of the topics that may be covered in a PhD program in Behavioral Psychology:

• Research Methods:  learn about various research methods used in psychology, such as experimental design, statistical analysis, and data collection techniques.
• Behavioral Neuroscience:  study the relationship between the brain and behavior, including topics such as neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, and the neural basis of learning and memory.
• Cognitive Psychology:  learn about cognitive processes such as attention, perception, memory, and problem-solving, and how these processes influence behavior.
• Personality:  study the different theories of personality and how personality traits and characteristics affect behavior.
• Social Psychology:  learn about social behavior, including topics such as group dynamics, interpersonal relationships, and social influence.
• Developmental Psychology:  study human development from infancy to adulthood, including cognitive, social, and emotional development.
• Abnormal Psychology:  learn about abnormal behavior and mental disorders, including diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

Here is an example curriculum for a PhD in Behavioral Psychology:

• Research Methods in Psychology
• Foundations in Behavioral Neuroscience
• Cognitive Psychology
• Personality Theory
• Seminar in Behavioral Psychology

Second Year

• Advanced Topics in Behavioral Neuroscience
• Social Psychology
• Developmental Psychology
• Abnormal Psychology
• Research Apprenticeship
• Advanced Statistics in Psychology
• Psychometrics and Assessment
• Elective Course

Fourth Year

• Dissertation Proposal Preparation
• Advanced Seminar in Behavioral Psychology
• Advanced Research Apprenticeship
• Dissertation Research
• Dissertation Research and Writing
• Dissertation Defense
• Bachelor’s or Master’s Degree:  Most PhD programs in Behavioral Psychology require applicants to have a bachelor’s or master’s degree in psychology or a related field, although some programs may consider applicants with degrees in other fields such as neuroscience or biology.
• GPA:  Applicants are typically required to have a minimum GPA of 3.0 or higher in their undergraduate or graduate coursework, although some programs may have higher GPA requirements.
• Letters of Recommendation:  Applicants are typically required to submit letters of recommendation from academic or professional references who can speak to their potential for success in a PhD program.
• Statement of Purpose:  Applicants are often required to submit a statement of purpose that outlines their research interests, career goals, and reasons for pursuing a PhD.

The average annual tuition and fees for doctoral programs in psychology is $16,521 for in-state students and $28,954 for out-of-state students.

• Addiction Counselor
• ABA therapist
• Mental Health Therapist
• Licensed Mental Health Counselor
• Licensed Professional Counselor
• Licensed Clinical Social Worker
• Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist
• School Psychologist
• Organizational Psychologist
• Forensic Psychologist
• Sports Psychologist
• Clinical psychologist
• Counseling psychologist
• Research psychologist
• Child psychologist

*Outside of the licensed psychologist jobs listed above many of the above roles  do not require a PhD but it is important to note that employers for these roles are increasingly favoring candidates with a PhD. 

See also:  our guide to a career in behavioral psychology

Earning potential with a PhD in behavioral psychology can vary considerably depending upon your location and career path.

Here are some average annual salaries for positions typically help by those with a PhD in behavioral psychology:

• Addiction counselor : $47,660.
• ABA therapist : $42,000
• School psychologist : $78,050.
• Organizational psychologist : $112,690.
• Forensic psychologist : $101,000.
• Sports psychologist : $82,180.
• Clinical psychologist : $91,667
• Counseling psychologist : $81,000
• Research psychologist : $79,000
• Child psychologist : $85,000
• Mental Health Therapist:  $78,000
• Licensed Mental Health Counselor:  $47,660
• Licensed Professional Counselor : $47,660
• Licensed Clinical Social Worker : $58,000
• Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist : $51,340

Ranking Top 10 Most Affordable Doctoral Programs in Psychology

• By Kristen Fescoe: BA Psychology; MS Clinical and Forensic Psychology
• Published August 2, 2016
• Last Updated November 20, 2023
• Read Time 16 mins

Earning a PhD in psychology is a significant step toward having a successful career in psychology. PhD psychology programs provide students with the advanced training, skillset, and experience needed to work in a variety of settings including:

• clinical practice

The decision to pursue a doctorate in psychology isn’t one to be taken lightly. A PhD program takes dedication and significant amount of time, often six or seven years to complete. They are often extremely competitive, and applicants may need to apply to several different programs before finding one that is a good fit. Getting accepted is the hard part, paying for it is much simpler! Fortunately, there are many great APA accredited PhD programs that don’t charge their students tuition! Tuition costs are covered by the University through assistantships or fellowships. Some schools offer students a stipend, waive the cost of health insurance, and offer other perks while the student is in good standing.

Methodology

This ranking was made possible because of the information collected from the National Center for Education Statistics’ College Navigator database, individual school websites and the schools’ “Student Admissions, Outcomes and Other Data” sheets provided by each school. We were interested in highlighting clinical psychology PhD programs since clinical psychology is the most popular area of psychology. We reviewed data on the “Student Admissions, Outcomes and Other Data” sheets to find programs that strive to provide funding to their students during their time in the program. We reviewed admissions information, program cost, and internship placement to ensure that accepted students received financial support. To be fair, we listed schools in alphabetical order. All programs included in our list are outstanding PhD psychology programs, highly regarded in the field, and are APA accredited. They offer a wealth of professional development opportunities through:

• research experiences
• internships
• mentoring relationships

We have included program costs noted in the “Student Admissions, Outcomes and Other Data” sheets provided by the institution and added comments about the level of funding to provide a clearer picture.

10. Northwestern University – Evanston, Illinois

Clinical psychology phd, 2020-2021 1st year cohort cost- $74,756. students receive full funding including tuition and stipend for five academic years..

The Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences at Northwestern University offers a high-value PhD in psychology. The clinical program is a member of the Academy for Psychological Clinical Science and is accredited by the APA. Students in the clinical program are well prepared for careers in research and teaching in clinical psychology. Northwestern also offers PhD psychology programs in other areas including:

• Personality, Development, and Health Psychology
• Cognitive Psychology
• Brain, Behavior, and Cognition
• Social Psychology

All students are fully funded for five years and many receive additional funding through fellowships and other awards.

9. University of Illinois – Urbana, Illinois

2020-2021 1st year cohort cost- $13,176 (all students receive full financial support).

The Department of Psychology at the University of Illinois features an inexpensive PhD in psychology open to the best and brightest graduate students. Exciting research opportunities are available at the University of Illinois in areas like:

• Attention and Perception
• Behavioral Neuroscience
• Social-Personality

In total, there are nine program areas within the Department and students often cross between them to enhance their skills. Clinical psychology students in good standing receive full financial support for at least six years. This award includes a nine month stipend, and a waiver for tuition and service fees.

8. Michigan State University – Lansing, Michigan

Doctor of philosophy in clinical psychology, 2020-2021 1st year cohort cost: $7,072. students with an assistantship or fellowship can expect to receive a full tuition waiver and health insurance and fees covered..

The budget-friendly PhD in psychology from Michigan State University has been accredited by the APA since 1948. In 2020, they became accredited by the Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System. The program trains clinical scientists who will contribute to the understanding of mental health disorders and inform on their treatment and prevention. While students work closely with a primary advisor through the mentorship model, they are exposed to a variety of perspectives, training, and professional expertise of the entire clinical science psychology staff. Students who are awarded an assistantship or fellowship can expect to have their tuition costs, health insurance, and fees waived by the University.

7. Loyola University – Chicago, Illinois

2020-2021 1st year cohort cost: $0 (all incoming students were fully funded.).

The best-value PhD in psychology from Loyola University prepares students for a successful career in clinical, research, and academic settings. Admission is highly competitive and each year, only four to six students are selected to participate in the program. Students can choose to formally specialize in clinical child psychology. The doctoral program provides students with balanced training and practice in:

• clinical work

Loyola strives to fully fund their psychology PhD students and in 20-21, students had their tuition, health and dental insurance covered and received a stipend.

6. Harvard University – Cambridge, Massachusetts

2020-2021 1st year cohort cost: $49,448 (students have their tuition and health fees paid in full and receive a stipend and summer research award.).

The clinical psychology PhD program at Harvard University is a member of the Academy of Psychological Clinical Science. The focus of the program is on research, primarily severe psychopathology. Students can usually complete the program in five years. Required courses include:

• Cultural and Individual Diversity
• Diagnostic Interviewing
• Psychological Treatment Research

During the first and second year, students complete two research projects and must pass a general exam before moving to year three. Before beginning the fourth year, students submit their thesis prospectus and complete their thesis and oral defense by the end of the fourth year. Students complete a clinical internship during the fifth year (after completing their thesis research.) PhD students have their tuition and fees covered. They also receive a stipend.

5. Emory University – Atlanta, Georgia

2020-2021 1st year cohort cost: $65,700. all students admitted to the program get an annual stipend, tuition scholarship, and health insurance..

The College of Arts and Sciences at Emory University features an affordable PhD in psychology through their Clinical Science concentration. It’s for students who want to study the assessment, etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of psychopathology across the lifespan. The concentration may be chosen as a primary or secondary area of focus and may be a great choice for students who want the option of becoming eligible for licensure. The program is accredited by the APA and the PCSAS. Students can complete a two-year APA accredited affiliated internship through the Child and Adolescent Mood Program  at the Emory School of Medicine. Doctoral clinical psychology students receive an annual:

• tuition scholarship
• health insurance

Once students complete the clinical science concentration requirements and the approved internship, they may apply for licensure as a clinical psychologist in Georgia.

4. DePaul University – Chicago, Illinois

2020-2021 1st year cohort cost: $0. all admitted students receive a full tuition waiver and stipend..

The top value PhD in clinical psychology from DePaul University is recognized by the APA for training in diversity. Students can choose from two areas of emphasis including:

• community track
• child track

The clinical psychology program is a combined MA/PhD combined degree and only admits students planning to earn their PhD. Students gain valuable hands-on experience working with individuals from a variety of ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds through opportunities at the John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital of Cook County and the Howard Brown Health Center. All clinical psychology PhD students receive a full tuition waiver and stipend in exchange for 20 hours of graduate assistantship work each week. DePaul reports that 92% of graduates were employed or continuing their education or pursuing other goals within six months of graduation.

3. Catholic University of America – Washington, DC

2020-2021 1st year cohort cost: $49,680. all first year students receive a full-tuition scholarship..

The Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology from The Catholic University of America has been accredited by the APA since 1948. They offer an elective focus in Children, Family, and Cultures. The program is appropriately balanced between science and practice as evidenced by the interests of the faculty. All clinical science faculty have cutting edge research practices and are engaged in clinical practice. New students are admitted for the fall semester. Students in recent years have received a financial award that covers tuition for the first three years of the program (while they are taking courses that incur full tuition.) Stipends may also be provided.

2. Auburn University – Auburn, Alabama

Clinical psychology phd program, 2020-2021 1st year cohort cost- $0. all first-year students have assistantships that pay a stipend and waive the cost of resident and non-resident tuition..

The College of Liberal Arts at Auburn University offers a cost-effective PhD in psychology featuring a specialized curriculum, research training resources and clinical practica. Students are exposed to a variety of supervised experiences, allowing them to choose a theoretical orientation that will serve them will in their professional career. Research training takes place in both laboratory and applied settings. Students work a variety of campus and community-based practicum positions to gain valuable clinical training. Most students can complete the program in about six years. All first-year students receive an assistantship that covers tuition and provides a stipend.

1. Arizona State University – Tempe, Arizona

2020-2021 1st year cohort cost- $11,400. cost of tuition is covered by graduate assistantships. assistantships may also cover the cost of health insurance..

The University of Arizona was one of the first three universities in the country to have their best-value doctoral program in clinical psychology accredited by the Psychological Clinical Science Accreditation System. Students can develop expertise in areas like:

• psychophysiology
• clinical neuropsychology
• health psychology
• intervention research

The program follows a clinical science model of training and students can expect to experience a wide range of clinical training and research opportunities. The cost of tuition is covered by graduate assistantships and other financial award may be available to provide additional support.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the career options for affordable doctoral programs in psychology.

• Clinical Psychologist
• Addictions Counselor
• Forensic Behavioral Analyst
• Play Therapist
• Counseling Psychologist
• Professor at a University
• Mental Health Clinician
• Occupational Therapist
• Neuropsychologist
• Educational Psychologist
• Vocational Rehabilitation Provider
• Applied Researcher
• Social Service Manager
• Sport and Exercise Psychology
• Industrial and Organizational Psychologist

How Much Can You Earn in this Field?

Psychology is a vast field that can be found in nearly every sector in the world. Because they can be found in various settings, the actual salary of a psychology professional may vary. However, at this time, the current starting salary for a doctoral graduate in psychology with no previous work experience is roughly $55,000. It is possible to make up to $250,000 a year with time and experience as well as qualifications and endorsements.

It is important for students to remember that the above figures are the national average. This means that salaries will vary based on the city as well as the demand for their particular specialty in psychology. More importantly, wages are determined by cost-of-living in a certain area, including bonus forms of compensation and state minimum wages.

Highly specialized professionals will find that their wages are higher. Professionals who work in neuropsychology, neuropsychiatry, industrial and organizational psychology, or engineering psychology tend to make more than professionals who work in addiction, rehabilitation, mental health counseling, and more. In fact, the difference between wages can be up to $150,000 or more, depending on the professional’s qualifications and endorsements.

What are the Various Disciplines of Psychology?

Psychology is a wide-ranging field that encapsulates philosophy, religion, sociology, and more. It is a field that impacts –and is impacted by– a variety of different disciplines. Depending on a student’s chosen specialty, they will have access to disciplines that may serve a general good or the specific needs for their career.

In general, psychology is informed by:

• public health

When deciding the correct path forward for their clients, professionals tend to look at these disciplines, along with:

• social justice
• humanitarian issues and more

Most psychologists and psychiatrists at this level have a discernible specialty. This can form as early as undergraduate education, although most students figure out their emphasis during graduate school. This specialty will have a hand in what students learn and how important that education is to them.

For example, industrial and organizational psychologists focus on psychology in the workplace. This means they focus on the performance of professionals as well as their ability to:

• work in teams
• take critiques
• learn new modes of leadership

So it would make sense that professionals in this area would have some sense of education in business, management, and leadership.

Alternatively, a professional may choose to focus in neuropsychology or neuropsychiatry. This would denote an education in medicine and specific medication to stabilize mental disorders. This is also known as pharmacology. Their education in medicine would supersede their education in psychology, meaning they are more apt to discuss mental disorders in a way that medication could calm the symptoms or even reverse some outlying issues that a client may have.

Why Do Some Doctoral Programs in Psychology Require Internships?

Doctoral programs in psychology are professional degrees. This means that graduates of the program engage with clients every day who may be in need of severe treatment or even medication. They may also be tasked with providing the court system with reliable assessments of their clients.

Because this is required of psychologists, internships are put in place in some doctoral programs to ensure that they can keep up with the workload. Working with a variety of clients can be daunting, but undertaking a work experience will prepare students for a challenging career. It will also ensure that students can demonstrate knowledge in the field before graduation, making it possible for potential employers to see their depth and breadth in the field before accepting them into their ranks.

Internships can range between two weeks for an international or national trip to a full semester in a community setting. The point of the internship is to ensure a student is well aware of and comfortable with the requirements of the degree. The time period also gives the supervisor overseeing the internship, a chance to see what the student needs help with in terms of their degree.

Are Qualifications and Endorsements Required at the Doctoral Level?

Yes, qualifications and endorsements are definitely required at the doctoral level. This is because the doctoral level is the terminal degree for this field. Post-doctoral degrees do exist but are rare, and most professionals tend to earn an additional graduate or doctoral degree in the field.

However, professionals in the field will need some kind of endorsement starting at the undergraduate level if they wish to practice psychology. The American Psychological Association, known as the APA, is the most prominent association that delivers qualifications, provides these endorsements at the undergraduate level for students who wish to practice in their state.

Every psychologist, regardless of their workplace setting and their career goals, will need some sort of qualification in order to advance in their career. This is a requirement put into place by the United States government, meaning that all psychologists must be licensed or endorsed at the federal level. The requirement ensures that clients from all over the country will receive the same level of professionalism from their psychologists.

Licensure, qualification, and endorsements refer to qualifications that can be earned from various prestigious associations. Earning the qualification is a prestige accomplishment that can be put on resumes and CVs to earn better jobs. It may also help a professional earn promotion into mid-level or senior-level positions.

Earning a qualification generally means following a certain educational and work experience pathway. It differs with each specialty, but most professionals complete either a specialization or graduate certificate in the field while also completing internships. They then sit for an exam that covers the field. When they pass, they can add the qualification to their formal name.

Are Online Doctoral Programs in Psychology Just as Good as On-campus Degrees?

These days, there is very little difference between an online and on-campus degree program. In fact, most programs, regardless of delivery, are offered by the same faculty and staff, on the same schedule, with the same graduation program requirements. This means that apart from being physically on-campus, there are few differences between the programs.

However, online programs are a little more convenient for working adults. Not only are they more affordable, but they are also more flexible. Courses can be complete asynchronously or synchronously, ensuring that students still get credit for completing courses when they have time. Additionally, courses with no live participation requirements do better than those that require live participation.

Online programs are also modular, meaning that students can choose to take as many or as few courses as they like. Traditional doctoral students are often stuck with a full-time schedule while online students can be part-time students, so long as they meet the minimum credit hour requirement every term.

Perhaps the biggest difference between online and on-campus students is that online courses are more affordable. Not only are course fees lower for online students, they often don’t have to pay on-campus fees for parking on textbooks. This makes online degrees much more seductive for students, especially if they are making an investment into their career. That investment needs to pay off, so students looking for an online degree may be better served than those who aren’t.

Professionals in the psychology field work in most sectors in the world. From work settings to hospitals, correctional facilities to schools, psychologists use their expertise and experience to provide services to people of all backgrounds, religions, and cultures. But many working adults feel like investing in a doctoral program isn’t worth it. Now that many doctoral programs in psychology are affordable, professionals need only to do their research to find the program that will fit their needs.

This concludes our ranking of the Top 10 Most Affordable Doctoral Programs in Psychology.

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Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology Program

• Program Overview
• UC San Diego
• JDP Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI) Committee
• Program Committees
• Student Council
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• Degree Learning Outcomes
• Major Areas of Study
• Clinical Practicum
• Course Catalog
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• Student First-Authored Publications
• Selection Process
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How to Apply

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• Master of Science in Clinical Psychology
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• Individual Development Plan (IDP)
• MPH Interest Form
• JDP SharePoint

JDP Information Day

Our program held an online information session for prospective applicants on  Saturday, September 9, 2023 from 9:00-10:30AM PST . For anyone who was unable to attend, we have posted a copy of the presentation slides below. Thank you!

JDP Information Day Presentation for Fall 2024 Admission

Application Deadlines

Deadlines for fall 2024:.

• November 15, 2023 (11:59 PM EST): Supplemental Program Application Deadline (including letters of recommendation)
• December 1, 2023: Cal State Apply Application Deadline
• January 2024 (check SDSU account for specific dates): Deadline to Submit Transcripts to SDSU
• Mid-January 2024: Interview Offers Extended (Note: You will be notified by email either way)
• February 5 & 6, 2024: Two-Day ONLINE Interview Process

The Application Process has two Steps:

• The Supplemental Program and the Cal State Apply applications may be filled out concurrently.
• DO NOT send any application materials to UC San Diego at this time. Only students who are admitted to the joint-doctoral program must submit a UC San Diego application. After formal notification from SDSU, students will receive material from UC San Diego.

Step 1: Supplemental Program Application

November 15, 2023, at 11:59 PM EST (including letters of recommendation)

Submit your Fall 2024 Supplemental Program Application online: http://apply.interfolio.com/128030

Application materials may be submitted beginning Oct 01, 2023

Faculty Mentors

Choose faculty mentors to include on your application: Faculty Mentorship

Supplemental Program Application: Required Documents

NOTE: The SDSU/UC San Diego Joint Doctoral Program has decided to  waive consideration of all scores from the GREs (General and Psychology Subject Test) for the 2023-2024 application cycle  (for entry to the doctoral program in Fall 2024). We will not review any GRE scores for admission to the program.

1. Statement of Purpose

• Limit your statement to no more than 3 pages, single-spaced, 12-point type.
• In your essay, state your purpose in deciding to pursue a Ph.D. in clinical psychology. Describe your scholarly and research areas of interest and your plans for your future profession. You are encouraged to indicate specific research interests and potential JDP faculty mentors with whom you would be interested in working during your graduate training.
• In addition, briefly describe characteristics of your background or training that speak to your likely success in graduate school and your chosen career path. You do not need to restate your CV. Instead, highlight the experiences you view as most relevant, formative, or illustrative of your potential and any aspects of your experiences that may not be summarized well on a CV or in a checklist.
• In addition, we are interested in learning about any challenges or adversities you have overcome during your academic journey. Further, describe any aspects of your personal or professional experiences that demonstrate your commitment to justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion. Examples include advocacy, community service with diverse populations, and research examining inequities.

2. CV/Resume

3. unofficial transcripts (for all colleges/universities attended), 4. three letters of recommendation.

(requested through the online Supplemental Program Application and received by the application deadline: November 15, 2023)

Recommenders may include:

• Supervisors or managers
• Colleagues from professional organizations
• Colleagues from charitable agencies
• No friends or relatives, please.

5. Current or Planned Coursework Form (if applicable)

Current or Planned Coursework Form

Interested in also applying to the SDSU Psychology Masters Program? You must submit a separate online Interfolio application to their Department of Psychology Master’s Program .

Having Technical Difficulties? For help signing up, accessing your Interfolio account, or submitting your application, please visit the help and support section or get in touch via email at [email protected] or phone at (877) 997-8807.

Program-Related Questions? For any questions about our program or the Supplemental Program Application that cannot be answered on our website, you may contact us at [email protected] .

Step 2: CAL State Apply Application

Please follow the “Cal State Apply Graduate Student Application Guide” located on the Cal State Apply website when completing your Cal State Apply application.

Applying to Multiple Programs? Applicants are only allowed to select one major per Cal State Apply application. If you wish to apply to additional programs, you can do so by simply completing a Supplementary Program application for each program. If the other program does not have a Supplemental Program application and only uses the Cal State Apply application to review applications, go ahead and select that program on your Cal State Apply application and just submit a Supplemental Program application (through Interfolio) for our program. 

Supporting Information Section: Our Selection Committee ONLY reviews information included in the Supplemental Program application; therefore, we recommend that you complete this section as follows (this only applies when you select our program “ Clinical Psychology San Diego Graduate ,” on your Cal State Apply application).

Experiences Select “I Am Not Adding Any Experiences”

For questions or help using Cal State Apply, visit the Cal State Apply Applicant Help Center .

Note: Application Fee Waivers are no longer available. Refer to our Admission FAQs page for more information.

SUBMITTING OFFICIAL TRANSCRIPTS

Please refer to the SDSU Graduate Admissions website for general admission requirements and how to submit official transcripts.

International students completing a degree at an institution outside the United States should review and follow the  International Graduate Steps to Apply .

For questions about Cal State Apply or general admission documents (e.g. transcripts, TOEFL scores, etc.), contact the Graduate Admissions Office at (619) 594-6336 or [email protected] . International applicants may contact the International Recruitment Office at (619) 594-6336 or [email protected] .

Information for

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What Can You Do With a Psychology Degree? The Ultimate Career Guide for Psychology Majors

Psychology is the scientific study of the mind and human development. Psychology majors study human behavior, looking at things such as how people make decisions, process emotions, and what motivates them.

Getting a bachelor’s degree in psychology does not automatically qualify you for a career in clinical psychology. Students with a psychology degree may decide to seek graduate studies and become a certified psychologist. However, there are also many non-clinical career options for psychology majors.

A psychology degree is broadly applicable in many industries, so there are truly endless career opportunities for psychology degree holders.

Here we will cover some of the most popular clinical psychology, non-clinical psychology, and non-psychology careers for psychology degree graduates.

Careers in Psychology with a Bachelor’s Degree

There are some roles within the field of psychology that bachelor’s degree holders will be qualified for. 

Behavioral Support Technician

A behavioral support technician works under the supervision of a behavioral analyst. They offer mental health support services to clients and patients, including tasks such as administering medication, home visits, and conducting assessments

• Average Salary: $37,330 per year
• Career Projection: 9% growth over the next decade

Non Clinical Social Worker

Working as a non-clinical social worker requires only a bachelor’s degree in social work or a related field, such as psychology. 

• Average Salary: $55,350 per year
• Career Projection: 7% growth over the next decade

Community Psychologist

Community psychology involves the consideration of problems at a societal level and the physical well-being of people in the community.

• Average Salary: $46,190 per year
• Career Projection: 14% growth over the next decade

Careers in Psychology with a Graduate Degree

The following careers in psychology typically require at least a master’s degree in psychology as well as any relevant clinical qualifications. 

Clinical/Counseling Psychologist

A clinical psychologist works with patients who are dealing with a variety of difficulties in their life, including mental, physical, or relational difficulties. 

• Average Salary: $85,330 per year
• Career Projection: 6% growth over the next decade

Educational Psychologist

Educational psychologists work with children’s development and learning processes. They often help support students with learning disabilities or behavioral difficulties.

• Average Salary: $84,940

Research Psychologist

Research Psychologists spend their time conducting research and publishing their findings in academic journals. These psychologists often work for universities or external funding agencies. 

• Average Salary: $68,230 per year
• Career Projection: 13% growth over the next decade

Environmental Psychologist

An environmental psychologist studies how people interact with their environments and how their environment impacts them. This can include someone’s natural environment or “built” environment such as their work or home space. 

Neuropsychologist

A neuropsychologist studies how brain injuries and brain conditions affect the way that people work, move, and feel. They assess issues with the brain and support patients by providing treatment plans.

• Average Salary: $102,000 per year

Sport Psychologist

Sports psychologists work with players, coaches, and teams to assess their performance and communication strategies. 

• Average Salary: $106,413 per year

Organizational Psychologist

Organizational psychologists work with the behavior of employees and the culture within a workplace. They work to improve the work environment and create strategies for effective communication.

• Average Salary: $147,420
• Career Projection: 5% growth over the next decade

Careers for Psychology Majors in Non-Psychology Industries

A psychology degree is useful in many fields outside of psychology. Here are some of the most popular non-psychology careers for psychology majors.

Teachers help children learn through a range of pedagogical techniques. Psychology majors make great teachers and can pivot to a teaching career quite easily.

• Average Salary: $61,620 per year
• Career Projection: 1% growth over the next decade

Human Resources

Human resource specialists work in administration, recruitment, and training of employees. Psychology majors have skills that are very applicable to human resource careers.

• Average Salary: $130,000 per year

Marketing and Advertising

Marketing and advertising involve understanding people’s behavior and motivations. Psychology majors can make the switch to marketing and use their skills to succeed in the marketing industry.

• Average Salary: $138,730 per year

Fundraising

Fundraising involves working for an organization and being responsible for raising money through events, applying for grants, and encouraging others to make donations.

• Average Salary: $61,190 per year

Admissions Counseling

Admissions counselors help recruit students to a college or university and support them as they apply and enroll. Psychology majors are great at encouraging students as they find their perfect degree program.

• Average Salary: $99,940 per year
• Career Projection: 4% growth over the next decade

Public Relations

Public relations professionals are responsible for managing the relationship between an organization and the public and media.

• Average Salary: $67,440 per year

UX (user experience) designers create services, products, or websites that improve the experience of the user. Understanding people and what they want is a big part of UX design.

• Average Salary: $80,730 per year
• Career Projection: 16% growth over the next decade

Law Enforcement

There are many careers within law enforcement that are perfect for psychology majors.

• Average Salary: $69,160 per year
• Career Projection: 3% growth over the next decade

Criminal Justice

Criminal behavior is an important area of human psychology. All careers in criminal justice can benefit from a thorough understanding of human motivation and decision-making processes.

• Average Salary: $59,860 per year
• Career Projection: 3% growth over the next decade\

Sport Coaching

Modern sports coaches are increasingly asked to be aware of the mental health and well-being of their players. A background in psychology can help sports coaches develop cohesive groups and confident athletes.

• Average Salary: $44,890 per year

A degree in psychology can help you understand aspects of technology such as user experience. Psychology students will also have some experience with data analysis.

• Average Salary: $102,240 per year
• Career Projection: 10% growth over the next decade

What Do You Learn in a Psychology Major?

Psychology is a broad field that contains many sub-fields and areas of emphasis. A psychology degree will overview areas such as learning, human development, abnormal behavior, marriage and family, perception, clinical practice, community psychology, addiction, research methods, and trauma. While clinical psychotherapy is an important part of psychology, there are many other topics in psychology that can broaden your perspective on the world. One of the benefits of a psychology major is the broadly applicable nature of many of the classes.

What is Community Psychology?

Community psychology is the part of psychology that seeks to understand human experience at the level of the community. Community psychology provides a perspective on the way individuals make up communities and how communities shape individuals. Because there are many factors that influence community development, community psychology takes a holistic multidisciplinary approach. If you are passionate about changing the world, PBA’s degree in community psychology can prepare you to make a positive impact. 

PBA’s community psychology degree can be completed in a flexible online format and provides the rigorous training needed to create effective programs and interventions. Graduates of community psychology programs often go on to develop violence prevention programs, multicultural programs, and programs for the elderly. A community psychology degree is also a great choice for students interested in doing research in areas like social psychology and public health.

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Learn More about PBA’s Psychology Programs

PBA’s psychology programs are designed to give you the state-of-the-art training you need to thrive in the current psychology landscape. Reach out to PBA to learn more about our psychology programs.

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Is a Psychology Degree Worth It?

Know before you read At SNHU, we want to make sure you have the information you need to make decisions about your education and your future—no matter where you choose to go to school. That's why our informational articles may reference careers for which we do not offer academic programs, along with salary data for those careers. Cited projections do not guarantee actual salary or job growth.

If you're interested in the human mind, you might want to pursue a psychology degree. But you may also be wondering how you might use a psychology degree and if it’ll be worth it in the end.

Can a Psychology Degree Be Useful?

There are a few different types of psychology degrees  you may consider pursuing, depending on your interests and career goals.

A few of those include:

• Associate of Arts (AA) in Psychology (Not currently offered at SNHU)
• Bachelor of Arts (BA) in Psychology
• Master of Science (MS) in Psychology
• Doctor of Philosophy in Psychology (PhD-PSY) (Not currently offered at SNHU)
• Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) (Not currently offered at SNHU)

Dr. Leslie Buddington , an online adjunct psychology instructor at Southern New Hampshire University (SNHU), suggested a master’s degree in industrial-organizational psychology  degree if you’d like to apply psychology concepts to the workplace.

Although there are several different areas you can focus on, most psychology programs have some common skills you can learn.

According to Buddington, while pursuing a psychology degree, you may learn about:

• Applying research
• Conducting experiments
• Data analysis and research methods
• Individual differences
• Making measurable changes in an environment  
• Social justice and inequities  

“Those are incredible skills that are useful in any future career,” said Buddington.

Many employers look for individuals with those kinds of skills, across a variety of fields. According to Buddington, psychology is a well-rounded field that demonstrates that you understand people, how situations contribute to behavior, how to predict and change behaviors and how to apply that information in order to make changes to a system. “That is going to help you stand out as a job candidate in multiple careers," she said.

Exploring experiential learning opportunities  can help you to stand out even further, providing real-world experience while you're a student. Buddington noted that you can also work with your school's career center to find an internship.  “An internship or experiential learning opportunity is definitely worthwhile to pursue," she said.

Find Your Program

How hard is a psychology degree.

"Because in psychology there are multiple perspectives (cognitive, developmental, behavioral, evolutionary and so forth), there is often no one ‘correct’ answer,” said Buddington. “Sometimes the fact that an answer is not just black or white doesn’t fit with how some people think.”

Buddington also said that students can sometimes be surprised by the amount of statistics and research work a psychology program involves.

The course load and program requirements may vary from school to school. Taking the time to research and ask questions about the programs you’re interested in can give you a better idea of what to expect while pursuing a psychology degree.

“I don’t necessarily think a psychology degree is hard, but it can sometimes be different from what you are expecting,” said Buddington.

Is a Bachelor of Arts in Psychology Worth It?

Buddington said that a BA in Psychology can allow you to work in many careers. Some options you may consider include:

• Data analysis
• Human resources
• Law enforcement
• Sports coaching

“I think because the principles you are learning apply to people, situations, behavior, society, as well as data analysis, they are universal skills that are needed across multiple career fields,” said Buddington.

And the reasons for entering this field of study are just as varied.

With her degree, Molinari hopes to work at a healthcare organization. She wants to help anyone who needs discretion, empathy and care, such as those transitioning or those who don’t have healthcare.

“I would just like to lend a helping hand to anybody who needs it,” she said.

A psychology degree can also help you to change careers.

“I always had an interest in the human mind,” said Parker. Psychology was the obvious choice when choosing his major.

After working 14-hour shifts, traveling all over the country, he would start doing his schoolwork. Since earning his degree, he now works as an HR business partner.

“It’s amazing, the job opportunities you can get with a psychology degree,” said Parker.

Is a Master of Science in Psychology Worth It?

“With an MS in Psychology, you are able to concentrate more fully on a field,” said Buddington.  

You might become a therapist or forensic psychologist, according to Buddington. She said that a master’s degree may also allow you to teach at some community colleges.

Parker said that his degree has already opened doors for him, including the opportunity to pursue further education. He’s currently enrolled in the MA in Clinical Mental Health Counseling program at SNHU. (SNHU is not currently enrolling new students in the graduate counseling program.)

“My ultimate goal is to go back into drug and alcohol counseling, try to help people who suffer with addiction,” he said.

Are Psychologists in Demand?

“Post-pandemic there is more need than ever for psychologists,” said Buddington.

Becoming a psychologist typically requires a master's degree or higher, and licensing requirements vary by state. BLS predicts that job growth for psychologists will grow by 6% through 2032.*

“Teletherapy allows more individuals to have access to therapy that they otherwise may not have had,” said Buddington.

For example, people living in rural areas might not have therapists available nearby. Teletherapy allows those individuals to have access to therapy, said Buddington. “The fact that you can become teletherapy certified is an equity and inclusion triumph,” she said.

Like most fields, psychology is open to more diverse and inclusive perspectives. A psychology degree can provide you with the ability to better understand those from different backgrounds from you.

According to a study on diverse populations by the American Psychiatric Association, people from racial or ethnic minority groups are less likely to receive mental health care ( American Psychiatric Association PDF Source ). Some factors contributing to this include:

• Lack of diversity among mental health providers
• Language barriers
• Mental health stigma

Psychologists with unique cultural perspectives can help more people to feel understood.

A degree can change your life. Find the SNHU psychology program  that can best help you meet your career goals.

*Cited job growth projections may not reflect local and/or short-term economic or job conditions and do not guarantee actual job growth. Actual salaries and/or earning potential may be the result of a combination of factors including, but not limited to: years of experience, industry of employment, geographic location, and worker skill.

Ashleigh Worley '22 is a writer at Southern New Hampshire University, where she earned her Bachelor of Arts in English. She is currently pursuing a Master of Fine Arts in Creative Writing at SNHU. Connect with her on LinkedIn .

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Founded in 1932, and online since 1995, we’ve helped countless students reach their goals with flexible, career-focused programs . Our 300-acre campus in Manchester, NH is home to over 3,000 students, and we serve over 135,000 students online. Visit our about SNHU  page to learn more about our mission, accreditations, leadership team, national recognitions and awards.

Master’s Study in Psychology

Develop the understanding, professional skills and empathetic approaches that are critical for success in psychology with a master’s degree in psychology from Adelphi University in New York.

Three Degree Options

Choose from MA programs in general psychology, mental health counseling, and school psychology. Each offers optional specializations and valuable field placements.

Making Your Degree Affordable

Adelphi and the Derner School of Psychology offer many ways to help you pay for master’s study, including graduate merit scholarships, scholarships for master’s psychology students, teaching assistantships and even employer tuition reimbursement.

A master’s degree in psychology opens doors to a wide variety of careers and can serve as a pathway to a doctorate.

Derner’s master’s in psychology programs give you the knowledge, training, critical reasoning skills and cultural competence you’ll need to excel in your career. Each includes optional specializations to help you focus on your interests:

• General Psychology: Human Resource Management, Substance Abuse Counseling
• Mental Health Counseling: Global Mental Health, Substance Abuse Counseling
• School Psychology: Bilingual School Psychology, Autism Specialization

Our rigorous master’s programs also offer part-time options and flexible schedules to meet our students’ work or family responsibilities.

Graduate Psychology Programs

Exceptional hands-on training.

As a master’s student at the Derner School of Psychology, you’ll gain clinical skills through practica and internships in local healthcare settings, schools, agencies and organizations, and community services offered by Adelphi. You can also gain valuable experience—and earn money to help cover tuition—in graduate assistantships.

Field Placements

Field experience is a vital part of our master’s degree programs, helping you develop the professional skills and the cultural competence to thrive in any working environment.

Graduate Assistantships

Working with faculty, staff and students helps cover the cost of your graduate education. Choose from research, testing or departmental assistantships.

“A number of professors in this program have made a profound impact on my development. The coursework, practica and internship experiences helped prepare me to obtain a job prior to graduation.

Mentoring Future Psychologists

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Earn Your Master’s Degree at the Derner School of Psychology

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What Can You Do With a Master's in Psychology?

Published on: March 5, 2024

If you already have a bachelor's degree and are looking to expand your career prospects, then it may be time to explore an advanced degree. Specifically, a master's degree in psychology can open the door for all kinds of job opportunities. Whether you are interested in pursuing a more traditional clinical/counseling role or are interested in a corporate role, there are plenty of potential jobs with a psychology master's degree.

With a better understanding of the different types of master's degrees in psychology along with some common career paths for this degree, you can determine whether this path may be right for you.

Get Your Applied Psychology Degree

Types of Master's Degrees in Psychology

Psychology is a relatively broad field, so there are quite a few different master's degree programs available that you may want to consider. The two main types of degrees are a Master of Arts and a Master of Science (or applied science).

So, what is the difference between an MA and an MS in psychology? Typically, an MA is more focused on the application and practical uses of psychology concepts (such as in a clinical setting), whereas an MS is more focused on the scientific methods and research behind psychology concepts.

Both degree types can have their benefits, depending on what you are planning to do with your degree and where your interests lie. For many students, a Master of Applied Science in psychology offers the best of both worlds, incorporating some scientific research/theory while also covering practical applications that can be useful in the real world.

Within graduate degrees in psychology, there may also be specialized degree programs for those who want to focus their studies even further. You may be able to explore master's degree programs, for example, in:

• Behavioral psychology
• Clinical psychology
• Forensic psychology
• Organizational psychology

Job Outlook for Master's in Psychology Graduates

There is an increasing demand for psychologists and those with graduate-level psychology degrees across the United States. In fact, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), the job outlook for psychologists is  expected to grow by 6 percent between 2022 and 2032. That's faster than the national average for all occupations.

Common Careers With a Master's in Psychology

So, what can you do with a master's in psychology? There are so many possibilities to explore, depending on what your interests and career aspirations look like. From clinical roles to corporate, educational and legal roles, you can explore the area of the field best suited to your goals.

Clinical and Counseling Roles

Some people who obtain their master's degrees in psychology go on to work clinical jobs in counseling, therapy and similar roles. Of course, this will depend on the state in which you plan to work. Some states allow psychologists to practice at a limited capacity with just a master's degree, while others may require a doctoral degree.

Corporate and Organizational Psychology

Interested in more of a leadership role in the corporate world? Then working as a human resources manager can be a challenging yet rewarding line of work for a myriad of graduates with master's degrees in psychology. In this kind of role, you can use your understanding of the human mind and its functions to better serve team members and keep the organization running as smoothly as possible.

Educational and School Psychology

If you are more interested in how the principles and theories of psychology may apply to how people learn and grow, then studying educational or school psychology may be right up your alley. With a master's in psychology and proper training, you may be able to work in this fascinating field as a school psychologist or educational psychologist.

Research and Academia

You do not necessarily have to practice applied psychology in your everyday work to make a career out of it. Some people who obtain their master's degrees in psychology go into the realm of academia. These graduates may collaborate with other academics to conduct important research or even teach classes on psychology. 

Legal and Forensic Consulting

Another potential line of work to consider once you have your psychology degree is getting into legal or forensic counseling. These professionals typically work for police departments and government agencies to handle everything from profiling criminals to conducting psychological research on specific cases. This area of the field can be quite challenging and requires a lot of problem-solving and critical thinking, but it can be a good fit for those who like a good challenge.

Sports Psychology

Some graduates of a master's in psychology program may also end up working in the field of sports psychology, which uses psychological theories and concepts to better understand how athletes develop and reach peak performance. If you have a passion for sports or exercise, then this could be the perfect line of work for you to get into after you finish your degree.

Health Psychology

Another potential career path to consider with a master's degree in psychology is getting into health psychology, where principles and theories are used to promote better health and wellness among patients. As a health psychologist, you might work in a hospital setting or in a physician's office, and you can work with a wide range of ages and populations. This can be an excellent area of the field worth exploring if you enjoy helping others and making a difference.

How to Prepare for the Job Market

Regardless of the specific line of work that you are interested in pursuing, having a master's degree in psychology is only one step toward landing your dream job. There are some additional steps you will want to take to better prepare yourself for the job market and ensure that you are a competitive candidate.

Evaluate Your Career Goals

Start by considering your short- and long-term career goals, or what you see yourself doing in the next several years. Do you plan on finishing school once you complete your master's degree program, or do you see yourself potentially pursuing a mental health doctoral degree? Ultimately, this will depend on how far you want to work up your career ladder and what you envision yourself doing professionally down the road.

Identify Your Preferred Clientele or Work Environment

You will also want to consider the kind of people you prefer to work with and where you would like to work within the psychology field. For example, if you enjoy working with children, then getting into school psychology can be a great starting point. On the other hand, if you prefer to take on more of a human resources role where you work in an administrative setting, then organizational/corporate psychology may be a better fit.

Develop Essential Skills

Once you have a better idea of where you see yourself working within the psychology field, you can begin working on the skills you need to succeed in these areas. Many of the skills you need can be sharpened during your graduate program, but you may need to work separately on some essential soft skills (such as communication and critical thinking) to stand out from other talent.

Acquire Necessary Qualifications

Depending on the line of work that you are pursuing, you may also need to acquire additional qualifications beyond your formal degree. For instance, in some states you need to obtain a license to practice as a psychologist. In other areas of the field, certification or other designations may be preferred or required by employers.

Take the Next Step in Your Educational Journey With Husson University

A master's degree in psychology can help you take your career to new heights or even open the doors of opportunity for a career change. That said, not all graduate degree programs are created equal — which is why it is so important to explore and thoroughly research your options before you commit to a program.

At Husson University Online, we offer a  master of science degree in applied psychology  that can be completed in as little as 24 months. This program includes a flexible curriculum that allows you to personalize your studies, as well as free 24/7 tutoring services and career services for all students.  Get in touch  to learn more about this program or any of our other available programs. We would love to speak with you!

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Psychology (BA)

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Explore the Intricacies of the Human Mind with a Psychology Degree from Gannon University

How do we learn? What is personality, and how can it be measured? What motivates behavior? The study of psychology is a way to find the answers to these and other vital, fundamental questions. Explore a window into the beauty and majesty of the human mind through Gannon University's psychology program and secure your meaningful career in meaningful career in psychology, counseling, mental health, neuroscience, business, law, law enforcement and more.

• Explore diverse internship opportunities with organizations and agencies within walking distance of campus.
• Become a leader in your community, improving the lives of individuals, families and larger groups.
• Take the first step toward a challenging, productive and fulfilling career.

Learn to Lead the Way in Psychology

• Establish a strong theoretical foundation with core courses in human development, social psychology, psychopathology, cross-cultural psychology, cognitive psychology and physiological psychology.
• Learn to use scientific knowledge to make reasoned and ethical judgments that promote the health and wellbeing of the individual, community and society.
• Deepen your understanding of the relationships between psychology, religion and human values.

Experience an Exceptional Learning Environment

• Work with an advisor to design an internship that is most suitable to your career interests and academic schedule.
• Build a strong and marketable groundwork in research methods, the statistics and behavioral sciences
• Learn to apply psychological theory in order to help solve important, real-world problems faced by individuals, organizations and society at large.

Inspire your Academic Success

Gain real-world knowledge through key psychology courses including:

The Helping Relationship: Learn basic helping skills and have the opportunity to practice and role play in specially designed counseling rooms with two-way mirrors for observation.

Industrial-Organizational Psychology: Study how psychological principles are applied in the work environment, a growing and highly lucrative sub-field of psychology.

Group Dynamics: Explore the interaction of people in groups, with application for therapeutic and other settings. Experience group dynamics first-hand through class exercises held in group counseling rooms.

Achieve the Possibilities

Our psychology program is designed for your success. Through curriculum flexibility and high-quality educational opportunities, you can:

• Apply for a direct-entry 4+2 option to earn a bachelor's degree in psychology and master's degree in Gannon's CACREP-accredited Clinical Mental Health Counseling Program, preparing you for licensure as a professional counselor.
• Build the foundations to pursue graduate study in a variety of fields including psychology, counseling, mental health, neuroscience, business, law, law enforcement and more

Student Learning Outcomes

Program: BA-Psychology | 317.0 | BA-PSYC Degree: Undergraduate | Bachelor of Arts College: CHESS | School of Humanities

• Use statistics to test research hypotheses, and correctly interpret and evaluate psychology research.
• Describe subfields, specialties, and perspectives within psychology.
• Demonstrate knowledge of APA ethics and other professional issues in psychology.
• Conduct literature search in psychology and write papers in APA style.
• Demonstrate knowledge of the fundamental areas of psychology.
• Demonstrate knowledge and awareness of diversity and cultural issues (BA).
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Amanda Macneil '18

The best part of the psychology program is that you get to interact with faculty on a personal level and form relationships that last beyond graduation. I still talk to many of the psychology faculty at Gannon and they are eager to send opportunities my way.

Eleni Vlachos

School of Humanities and Social Sciences

I am thankful for my professors who involve me in the Erie community through internships and interpersonal connections.

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• Apply for generous financial aid packages and scholarship awards.