biology essay and objective 2023

waec/wassce past questions and answers for BIOLOGY-2023 including practical

Apr 24 2024 04:24:00 PM

John Elijah

WAEC/GCE/NECO

WASSCE objective, essay, and practical past questions and answer (BIOLOGY 2023)

Table of contents, wassce/waec biology (2023) questions and answers 11 - 20, wassce/waec biology (2023) question and answers 21 - 30, wassce/waec biology (2023) question and answers 31 - 40, wassce/waec biology (2023) question and answers 41 - 50, download wassce/waec biology (2023) paper 2 (essay questions and answer 1 - 5), download wassce/waec biology (2023) paper 3 (practical questions and answer 1 - 3), wassce/waec biology (2023) questions and answers 1 - 10, 1. the ability of organisms to maintain a constant internal environment is known, the diagram below is an illustration of a mango leaf drawn by a student in a biology test. the student failed the test. study it and answer question 2 and 3.

2. From the diagram above, the likely reason why the student failed the test was that the

3. which other features of the diagram, if shown, would have earned the student more marks, the diagram below are illustrations of forms in which a particular group of organisms exist. study them and answer questions 4 and 5.

4. From the diagram above, Which group of organisms is illustrated

The diagram above are illustrations of forms in which a particular group of organisms exist. study them and answer questions 4 and 5, 5. in which of the illustrated forms does the organism that causes cholera exists, 6. study the list of organisms below and use them to answer the question below, iii - snake, arrangement of the organisms in order of increasing complexity is, 7. study the list of organisms below and use them to answer the question below, the phylum of the organism labelled iv is, the diagram below is an illustration of a cell in which photosynthesis takes place. study it and answer question 8 and 9.

8. In which of the labelled parts would molecules of water and carbon (IV) oxide combining to form sugar?

9. from the diagram above, the oxygen gas formed in the cell diffuses out of the cytoplasm into the air spaces through the part labelled, 10. an example of a process that involves osmosis is the, 11. growth in animals differs from that in plants because growth in, the diagram below is an illustration of a structure in the skeletal system of humans. study it and answer questions 12.

12. The illustrated structure is a part of the

13. consider the diagram above, an individual was involved in a car accident and the illustrated structure was badly injured. which of the following structures would most likely be affected, 14. the tricuspid valve is located between the, the diagram below is an illustration of some structures used for gaseous exchange in humans. study it and answer questions 15 and 16.

15. The part labelled I, II, III and IV respectively are

16. the part labelled iii above would be found in the, 17. which of the following hormones is wrongly paired with its secretory organ, 18. the eye defect caused by an uneven curvature of the cornea or lens or both is, 19. the androecium in a flowering plant is a collection of, 20. placentation in fruits is referred to as the, 21. which of the following processes does not occur during photosynthesis, 22. stunted growth and small yellow leaves in plants are symptoms of the deficiencies of, 23. the structure that its action could result in choking when talking and eating at the same time is, 24. the food substance that would produce the highest amount of energy is, 25. organisms that feed on dead, decaying tissues of other organisms are known as, 26. the type of nutrition in which organisms take in solid organic materials into their body is, 27. the mouthparts of a grasshoppers are adapted for, 28. a group of organisms belonging to different species that coexist in the same habitat and interact is referred to as, 29. which of the following factors is the main problem facing xerophytes, 30. fishes survive in water mainly because they possess, 31. which of the following instruments is not used in measuring abiotic factors in a habitat, 32. which of the following soil types have a high capillarity, 33. the capturing and digestion of insects by a pitcher plant is a special form of nutrition that, 34. which of the following organisms would be the producer in a food chain, 35. the rate of decomposition of dead organisms is faster in the tropical rainforest than in other biomes because, the diagram below are illustrations of organisms in a habitat study them and answer questions 36 and 37.

36. The feeding relationship between the organisms labelled III and IV in the diagram is

37. the producer in the diagram above is, 38. which of the following activities is against the conservation of natural resoures, use the information below to answer questions 39 and 40, i - making shoes from crocodile skin, ii - making tables with plastic, iii - using elephant tusk for decoration, iv - using firewood for cooking, 39. the act that should be encouraged for the conservation of wildlife and forests is, 40. in order to avoid some of the acts that would have negative effects on conservation, government should, 41. which of the following characteristics shows discontinuous variation implants, 42. a rhesus negative woman may experience stillbirth of the second child that is rhesus positive because, 43. a sudden change in the genetic composition of an organism is termed, 44. paternity disputes could be resolved accurately through, the illustration below is a genetic diagram. study it and answer questions 45 to 47.

45. What is the name of the genetic diagram?

46. what do the labels i, ii, iii, and iv respectively represent, 47. the genotypic ratio of the offspring in the genetic diagram above is, 48. what is the probability that a pregnancy would result in a male child, 49. a vestigial structure in humans is, 50. the following activities are associated with termites except, i recommend you check my article on the following:, poscholars team..

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Legit WAEC GCE Biology Questions and Answers 2022/2023 ( Essay and Objectives)

The WAEC GCE Biology questions and answers for 2023 can be found here. The 2023 WAEC Biology in English Questions and Answers section welcomes you.

You will be able to find the answers to the WAEC GCE Biology Objective and Theory questions, as well as the WAEC Biology Essay 2023 and WAEC GCE 2023 Biology exams, as well as the study recommendations you need to pass your WAEC GCE Biology exam with ease.

WAEC GCE Biology Essay and Objectives Questions and Answers 2023 (Expo)

The 2023 WAEC GCE Biology expo will be posted here during the WAEC GCE Biology examination. Keep checking and reloading this page for the answers. WAEC GCE Nov/Dec. 2023 Biology Answers Loading…

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Today’s GCE Biology Answers:

GCE Biology OBJ: Loading…

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Note: The answers below are the 2022 Nov/Dec answers.

i. Development and growth. After meiosis has produced a gamete, and this has fused with another gamete to form an embryo, the embryo grows using mitosis. …

ii.Cell replacement. …

iii.Asexual reproduction.

(3a) TABULATE

BIOLOGY ASSOCIATION || EXAMPLE Commensalism – Sharks and remora fish, Tigers and golden jackals

Mutualism – Bees and flowers, humans and bacteria in the gut

Parasitism – Humans and tapeworms, cows and ticks

Neutralism – Rainbow trout, and dandevon cactus and tarantulas

(3b) Pollution can be referred to as the introduction of harmful materials or substances into our environment thereby causing adverse charges.

(3ci) (i)It contributes to global warming (ii)It leaves a huge carbon footprints

(3cii) (i)it also contributes to global climate change (ii)It emits mercury which is a neurotoxin as well as carbon dioxide

(3ciii) (i)When it spills in aquatic bodies, it causes loss of aquatic lives (ii)On land, crude oil spills reduce food productivity

6a) (i) Dominance refers to the exertion of a major controlling influence of one or more species upon all other species by virtue of their number, size, productivity or related activities.

(ii) Size: Population size is the number of individual organisms in a population.

(iii) Density: This the number of living organisms per unit area or volume.

(6b) (i) Frog has lungs for breathing but also breathes through its skin. (ii) They have webbed feet, which help them to swim (iii) They have long and strong hind limbs, which help them in leaping and catching their prey.

(6c) (i) This is a mismatched blood transfusion. The blood will agglutinate which will lead to fatality. In such a situation, a reaction known as hemolytic transfusion reaction causes the patient’s body to form antibodies that attack the new blood cells.

(ii) The patient’ blood is tested and to get a matched to be transfused.

(iii) Discontinuous variation

(iv) To know the patient’s rhesus factor and blood group which are parameters necessary for a successful blood transfusion

(6di) (i) Bacteria (ii) Plants (iii) Animals

(6dii) (i) Nitrosomoners (ii) Nitrobacta (iii) Fungi

(6e) (i) Cook the food well (ii) Always cover the food (iii) Ensure the environment is always clean

WAEC GCE Biology Essay 2023

WAEC GCE Biology Questions and Answers 2023 Loading… If you have any questions about the WAEC GCE Biology questions and answers, kindly drop your question in the comment box.

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NECO Biology Questions and Answers For 2023/2024 (Theory and Objectives)

Biology NECO Questions 2023. I will be showing you the NECO Biology objective and theory questions and answers for free in this post. You will also understand how NECO Biology questions are set and how to answer them.

The National Examinations Council (NECO ) is an examination body in Nigeria that conducts the Senior Secondary Certificate Examination and the General Certificate in Education in June/July and December/January respectively.

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NECO Biology Question and Answers Essay and OBJ (Expo)

The 2023 NECO Biology expo will be posted here today 21st July during the NECO Biology examination. Keep checking and reloading this page for the answers.

NECO 2023 Biology Answers Loading.. .

OBJ Answers:

1-10: BBEDACCAEE

11-20: DDCEABDAEC

21-30: EBBBEADBDD

31-40: EDACCCBCEA

41-50: EBBCACBAEC

51-60: DDABBDDDBE

NECO Biology Essay Answers:

The cell theory states that:

– All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.

– The cell is the basic unit of life.

– All cells arise from pre-existing cells.

– Robert Hooke, who discovered cells in 1665 and coined the term “cell”.

– Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, who proposed the cell theory in 1839-1840.

– Large, brightly colored petals that attract insects.

– Nectar-producing glands to feed the insects.

– A strong, sweet fragrance to attract the insects.

– A landing platform for the insects to rest on.

– Pollen that is sticky and easily attaches to the insects.

– Ginger: Rhizome

– Banana: Rhizome

– Sweet potato: Tuber

– The mouth mechanically breaks down the bread by chewing and mixes it with saliva, which contains enzymes that begin breaking down the carbohydrates in the bread.

– The esophagus moves the food down to the stomach, where it is mixed with stomach acid and enzymes that further break down the bread.

– The small intestine absorbs the nutrients from the bread, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, into the bloodstream.

– The large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes from the remaining food waste, forming feces.

– The rectum stores feces until they can be eliminated through the anus.

Amoeba —> Hydra —> Tilapia —> Toad —> Snake.

(i) Small, lightweight seeds that can be easily carried by the wind.

(ii) Hairs or wings on the fruit that increase surface area and help to catch the wind.

(iii) A dry, papery fruit that splits open easily to release the seeds.

To determine if the shoot of a plant is positively phototropic.

=Apparatus:=

A potted plant, a light source, a ruler, a marker.

=Method/Procedure:=

(i) Place the plant in a dark room for 24 hours to ensure that it is not positively or negatively phototropic.

(ii) Place the light source at a fixed distance from the plant, with the light shining directly on the plant’s shoot.

(iii) Turn on the light source and leave it on for 24 hours.

(iv) After 24 hours, measure the distance between the tip of the shoot and the light source.

(v) Mark the new position of the shoot tip on the ruler.

(vi) Repeat the experiment two more times, moving the light source to a different position each time.

=Observation:=

The shoot of the plant will grow towards them light source, bending in the direction of the light.

=Conclusion:=

The shoot of a plant is positively phototropic and grows towards a light source.

=Aerobic Respiration=

(i) Occurs in the presence of oxygen

(ii) Produces a large amount of ATP

(iii) Carbon dioxide and water are produced as waste products

=Anaerobic Respiration=

(i) Occurs in the absence of oxygen

(ii) Produces a small amount of ATP

(iii) Lactic acid or ethanol is produced as a waste product.

=Complete Metamorphosis=

(i) Four distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, adult.

(ii) Larva looks completely different from the adult.

=Incomplete Metamorphosis=

(i) Three stages: egg, nymph, adult.

(ii) Nymph looks similar to the adult, just smaller.

– Aim: To determine if chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis to take place.

– Apparatus: Two plants of the same species, one with leaves covered in aluminum foil, a light source, test tube, water, and a beaker.

– Method/procedure: Place one plant in a dark room and cover its leaves with aluminum foil. Place the other plant in front of a light source. After a few hours, pluck a leaf from each plant and place them in separate test tubes filled with water. Place the test tubes in a beaker and keep them in the dark.

– Observation: After a few hours, observe the test tubes to see which one has produced more oxygen bubbles.

– Conclusion: If the test tube with the leaf from the plant exposed to light produces more oxygen bubbles, then chlorophyll is necessary for photosynthesis to take place.

(i) Overuse of synthetic fertilizers

(ii) Overgrazing

(iii) Deforestation

(iv) Soil erosion

(i) Hearing loss

(ii) Sleep disturbance.

(i) Crop diversity: Planting different crops in the same field over time to avoid the buildup of pests and diseases.

(ii) Soil health: Planting crops that have different nutrient requirements to maintain soil fertility and prevent soil erosion.

(iii) Pest management: Planting crops that are not susceptible to the same pests and diseases in succession.

(i) Reduced leaves or spines to minimize water loss through transpiration.

(ii) Thick cuticles and waxy coatings to reduce water loss through the epidermis.

(iii) Deep roots to tap into underground water sources.

(iv) CAM photosynthesis to reduce water loss during photosynthesis.

(v) Ability to enter dormancy during drought periods.

(i) Similarity in bone structure between birds and reptiles, especially in the skull and pelvis.

(ii) Presence of scales on bird feet and legs, which are also found in reptiles.

(iii) Similarity in egg-laying and incubation between birds and reptiles.

(i) Detoxification of harmful substances in the blood.

(ii) Production of bile to aid in digestion.

(iii) Storage of glycogen, vitamins, and minerals.

(iv) Regulation of blood glucose levels.

(v) Production of blood clotting factors.

(i) Reforestation: Planting new trees in areas where forests have been cleared or degraded.

(ii) Reduced impact logging: Using sustainable logging practices that minimize damage to the forest ecosystem.

(iii) Protected areas: Establishing and maintaining protected areas for wildlife and biodiversity conservation.

(iv) Community forestry: Encouraging local communities to manage forests sustainably for their own benefit and for the benefit of future generations.

(i) Protection: the calyx protects the flower bud before it opens and the developing fruit after fertilization.

(ii) Support: the sepals of the calyx can provide support for the petals and reproductive structures.

(i) Insulin: regulates blood sugar levels.

(ii) Estrogen: regulates female reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics.

(iii) Testosterone: regulates male reproductive system and secondary sexual characteristics.

(iv) Adrenaline: prepares the body for “fight or flight” response to stress.

(v) Melatonin: regulates sleep-wake cycles.

(i) Gene therapy: correcting genetic disorders by introducing functional genes into the patient’s cells.

(ii) Predictive medicine: using genetic testing to identify individuals who are at risk for certain diseases and develop personalized prevention or treatment plans.

(i) Large surface area: to maximize light absorption.

(ii) Thin and flat shape: to reduce the distance that light needs to penetrate into the leaf.

(iii) Chlorophyll pigments: to absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy.

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NECO Biology Questions and Answers For Practice

NECO Igbo Language Answers
NECO Yoruba Language Answers
NECO Hausa Language Answers

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The questions below are the NECO past questions and answers that will help you in your 2023 NECO Biology Questions.

1. Plants are classified into the following classes except

(a)Bryophyte.

(b) Coelenterate.

(d) thallophyta.

(e) Spermatophyte.

2. The cell wall of plants is rigid due to the presence of?

(a) Cambium

(b) cellulose

(d) chloroplast

3. The structure responsible for the transportation of mineral salt from the root to other parts of the plant is?

(a)Collenchyma

(d) sclerenchyma

4. Which of the following cell organelles traps sunlight energy in plant?

(a)Chloroplast

(b) Endoplasmic reticulum

(d) Ribosome (e) Vacuole

5. The following conditions are necessary for photosynthesis except

(a) Carbon(iv)oxide.

(b) chlorophyll

6. Which of the following organisms carries out photosynthesis?

(d) plasmodium

7. Which of these is an amphibian?

8. A flower with two or more fused carpels is called

(a) Apocarpous

(b) monocarpous

(d) pistillate

(e) syncarpous

9. The response of plants to the stimulus of touch is called?

(a) Chemotropism

(b) geotropism

(d) phototropism

(e) thigmotropism

10. Which of the following is a bryophyte?

(a) Bladder wort

(b) Fly trap

(d) Pitcher

11. Cellular respiration occurs in the

(a) Chloroplast

(b) endoplasmic reticulum

(d) mitochondrion

(e) nucleus

12. In a moss plant, spores are produced in the

(a) Capsule

13. Exoskeleton is a characteristic feature of

(b) earthworm

(d) millipede

(e) tapeworm

14. Which of the following influences growth in plants?

(a) Acetic acid

(d) Ethylene

15. Land snail belongs to the phylum

(a) Annelida

(b) Arthropoda

(d) Mollusca

(e) nematode

16. The opening of the anthers and stigmas of a bisexual flower at the same time is called

(a) Cleistogamy

(b) dichogamy

(d) protandry

(e) protogyny

17. The following are the effect of auxins on plant except in

(a) Flowering

(b) fruiting without fertilization

(d) root formation

(e) stem elongation

Use the diagram below to answer questions 18 and 19.

18. The diagram represents the internal structure of a

19. The part labeled I is the

(b) endodermis

20. Which of these is a water soluble vitamin?

(a) A

21. The following diseases are airborne except

(a) Clolera

(b) measles

(d) pneumonia

(e) small pox.

22. The excretory organ of insects is called

(a) Contractile vacuole

(b) flame cell

(d) malphighian tubule

(e) nephridium

23. Which of these animals undergo metamorphosis

24. Villi are finger-like structures found in the

(a) Large intestine

(d) stomach

(e) tongue.

25. In mammals, sperms are formed in the

(a) Cowper’s gland

(b) scrotal sac.

(d) seminiferous tubules

(e) vas deferens

26. Which of the following is not a part of the mammalian brain?

(a) Cerebellum

(b) cerebrum

(d) spinal cord

(e) Thalamus

27. In plant, Chlorosis is caused by the deficiency of

(b) magnesium

(d) potassium

(e) Sulphur

28. Which of the following diseases is not sexually transmitted

(b) Hepatitis

(d) influenza

(e) Syphilis

29. Which of the following is not a caste in a termitarium.

(d) soldiers

(e) workers

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30. The structure responsible for excretion in tape worm is called

(a) Cell membrane

(b) contractile vacuole

(d) malphigian tubule

31. The mode of nutrition of mushroom is

(a) autotrophic

(b) epiphytic

(d) saprophytic

(e) symbiotic

32. The earthworm is an example of

(b) Coelenterata

(d) nematoda

(e) Platyhelminthes

33. Fat and oil are also known as

(b) fatty acids

(e) carbohydrates

34. Gaseous exchange in the lungs occurs at the

(a) Alveolus

(b)bronchus

(c)bronchiole

(e) trachea

35. The following are pigment except

(d) haemoglobin

(e) melanin

Use the diagram below to answer questions 36 – 38.

36. The type of placentation shown above is found in

(a) cana lily

(d) pride of Barbados

(e) sunflower

37. the part labeled x is the

38. the type of placentation represented in the diagram is

(d) marginal

(e) parietal

39. the growth that occurs at the tip of shoot and root is called

(a) allometric

(d) primary

(e) secondary

40. carnassial teeth are found in

41. Which of the following bones is not a part of axial skeleton?

(a) Backbone

(e) Sternum

Use the diagram below to answer questions 42 and 43

42. The part labeled ii is the

(b) hyaline cartilage

(d) synovial cavity

(e) synovial membrane

43. The function of the part labeled iii is to

(a) Soften the bones

(b) join bones together

(d) protect bones from wearing

(e) reduce friction at joints

44. The part that supplies food and oxygen to the eye is

(a) Choroids

45. The part of the male reproductive system that stores sperm is

(b) epididymis

(d) seminal vesicle

(e) vas deferens.

46. An organ in bird that grinds its food is

47. Which of the following animals exhibit basking

48. The following are functions of the sympathetic nervous system except

(a) Dilation of pupil of eye.

(b) inhibition of saliva secretion

(d) reduction of urine output

(e) stimulation of ejaculation

49. The following homeostatic mechanisms are carried out by mammals except

(a) Excretion

(b) osmoregulation

(d) reproduction

(e) thermoregulation

50. Part of the brain that controls blood pressure is called

(d) medulla oblongata

(e) pons varolii

51. Haemorrhage is caused due to the deficiency of vitamin

52. The control method of pests using predators is called

(a) Biological

(b) chemical

(d) mechanical

(e) physical

53. The following are vectors except

(a) Black fly

(b) butterfly

(d) mosquito

(e) tsetse fly

54. The deficiency of proteins in a developing child result in

(a) Beri beri

(b) kwashiorkor

(d) rickets

55. The theory of “use and disuse” of body parts was propounded by

(a) Carl Linneaus

(b) Charles Darwin

(d) Jean Lamarck

(e) Robert Hooke

56. The knowledge of heredity and variation are not required in

(a) Blood transfusion

(b) crime detection

(d) longevity

(e) marriage

57. Which of these is not a pollutant

(a) Carbon dioxide

(b) Lead oxide

(d) Nitrogen oxide

(e) sulphur dioxide

58. The topmost layer of a typical soil profile is

(b) coarse sand

59. Plants that survive in marine habitats are called

(a) Halophytes

(b) hydrophytes

(d) saprophytes

(e) xerophytes

60. The felling of trees in a forest is called

(a) Afforestation

(b) deforestation

(d) forest pruning

(e) re-afforestation

Answer any three questions only

1a. State one role each of the following in photosynthesis

(i) Sunlight

(ii) Chlorophyll

b. List five types of bones found in the forearm of man

c. Mention three functions of a worker caste in termitarium

d. Define ecosystem

e. Draw a well labelled diagram (8-10cm long) of the nephron

2a. Define the following

(ii) Implantation

(iii) Species

(iv) Saprophytes

b (i) State four functions of the mammalian skeleton

(ii) Mention two muscles that bring about movement of a forearm

(iii) Name three digestive enzymes found in the small intestine and state one function of each

3a. (i) Mention three diseases of the liver

(ii) In a tabular form, state five differences between plant and animal cells

b. Using annotated diagrams only, illustrate the carbon cycle.

c. (i) List two types of supporting tissues in plant

(ii) Give two characteristics of a reptile

4a. Define the following terms

(i) Diffusion

(ii) Osmosis

(iii) plasmolysis

b (i) State four effects of overcrowding

(ii) mention two ways of conserving wildlife.

(iii) Give two examples of social animals

c (i) Define metamorphosis

(ii) List two examples of insects that undergo incomplete metamorphosis

(iii) Give two examples of a berry fruit

5a. (i) Draw a well labelled diagram (8-10cm long) of the human alimentary canal

(ii) Complete the table below

b. T T and t t are monohybrid plants representing tallness and shortness respectively

By means of crossing, show the F1 generation
Using punnet square method, show the F2 generation
Give the phenotypic ratio of the F1 and F2 generations shown above

That’s all about NECO Biology Questions and Answers for 2022 (Theory and Objectives). If you have any questions, kindly drop your question in the comment box.

Last Updated on July 21, 2023 by Admin

92 thoughts on “NECO Biology Questions and Answers For 2023/2024 (Theory and Objectives)”

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Biology Waec Syllabus

Below is this 2024 Waec Syllabus for Biology. Note that this syllabus is for both internal and external candidates.

Aims and Objectives

understanding of the structure and functions of living organisms as well as appreciation of nature
acquisition of adequate laboratory and field skills in order to carry out and evaluate experiments and projects in Biology
acquisition of necessary scientific skills, for example, observing, classifying and interpreting biological data
acquisition of the basic relevant knowledge in Biology needed for future advanced studies in biological sciences
acquisition of scientific attitudes for problem-solving
ability to apply biological principles in everyday life in matters that affect personal, social, environmental, community health and economic problems
awareness of the existence of interrelationships between biology and other scientific disciplines

Scheme of Examination

There will be three papers: Papers 1, 2, and 3, all of which must be taken. Papers 1 and 2 will be composite papers to be taken in one sitting.

This will consist of fifty multiple-choice objective questions drawn from Section A of the syllabus (the section of the syllabus that is common to all countries). It will carry 50 marks and last for 50 minutes.

This will consist of six essay questions drawn from the entire syllabus. The paper will be put into three sections: Sections A, B and C.

Will consist of four questions drawn from Section A of the syllabus.

It will be for candidates in Ghana only and will be drawn from Section B of the syllabus (i.e., the section of the syllabus peculiar to Ghana). It will consist of short, structured questions.

It will be for candidates in Nigeria, Sierra Leone, The Gambia, and Liberia and will be drawn from Section C of the syllabus (i.e., the section of the syllabus containing material for those countries only). It will also consist of short-structured questions.

Candidates will be expected to answer two questions from Section A and all the short-structured questions from either Section B or Section C.

Each question in Section A will carry 20 marks, while the compulsory short-structured questions in Sections B and C will carry 30 marks. The total score will be 70 marks. The paper shall take 1 hour and 40 minutes.

Paper 3 will be a practical test (for school candidates) or a test of practical work (for private candidates) lasting 2 hours and consisting of three sections: Sections A, B and C.

This will consist of two compulsory questions drawn from Section A of the syllabus, each carrying 25 marks.

This will be for candidates in Ghana only. It will consist of one question drawn from Section B of the syllabus and will carry 30 marks.

This will be for candidates in Nigeria, Sierra Leone, the Gambia, and Liberia. It will consist of one question drawn from Section C of the syllabus and will carry 30 marks.

Candidates will be expected to answer all the questions in Section A and one question in either Section B or C. The paper will carry a total score of 80 marks.

Detailed Biology Syllabus

Concept of living.

Living and non-living things
Classification of living things into Kingdoms
Differences between plants and animals
cell (single-celled organisms): Amoeba, Euglena, Paramecium
Tissue: Hydra
Organ (storage organ) bulb, rhizome and heart.
System/Organ System: In mammals, flowering plants – reproductive system, excretory system, etc.
Complexity of organization in higher organisms: advantages and disadvantages
Single and free-living: Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, and Chlamydomonas
Colony: Volvox
Filament: Spirogyra
Part of a living organism: cheek cells, onion root tip cells, and epidermis of fleshy leaves
Cell structure and functions of cell components
Similarities and differences between plant and animal cells
Physical and biophysical processes
active transport
Autotrophic (photosynthesis)
Heterotrophic (holozoic)
Aerobic respiration
anaerobic respiration
energy release
Excretion in single-celled aquatic organisms. Diffusion by body surface and by the contractile vacuole
Waste products of metabolism
Basis of growth: cell division (mitosis), enlargement, and differentiation.
Aspects of growth: increase in dry weight, irreversible increase in size and length, and increase in the number of cells.
Regions of the fastest growth in plants
Influence of growth hormones and auxins
Growth curvatures (Tropisms)
Development: Enlargement and differentiation
Organelles for movement: cilia and flagella
Types of reproduction.
Asexual: fission, budding and vegetative propagation
Sexual: Conjugation, formation of male and female gametes (gametogenesis), fusion of gametes fertilization)
Biological significance
Skeletal materials, e.g. bone, cartilage and chitin.
Types of skeleton: exoskeleton, endoskeleton and hydrostatic skeleton
Bones of the vertebral column, girdles and long bones of the appendicular skeleton
Mechanisms of support in animals
Functions of skeleton in animals: Protection, support, locomotion and respiratory movement
Main features of supporting tissues in plants
Functions of supporting tissues in plants: strength, rigidity (resistance against the forces of the wind and water), flexibility and resilience.
surface area/volume ratio.
substances have to move greater distances
Structure of the heart, arteries, veins and capillaries
Composition and function of blood and lymph
Materials for transport: excretory products, gases, digested food, and other nutrients
Uptake and movement of water and mineral salts in plants
Translocation
Transpiration
Movement of water to the apex of trees and herbs
Body surface: cutaneous, gills and lungs.
Mechanisms of gaseous exchange in fish, toads, mammals and plants
Types of excretory systems: Kidney, stomata and lenticels
Kidney: Structure and functions
Functions of the liver
Structure and function
Site of secretion, functions and effects of over and under-secretion
Plant hormones
Components of the central nervous system
Parts of the brain and their functions; cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus and their functions
Structure and function of the Spinal Cord
Somatic Nervous System
Autonomic nervous system
Structure and functions of the neurone
Classification of neurones
The reflex arc
Reflex and voluntary actions
Differences between reflex and voluntary actions
Conditioned reflex and its role in behavior

Structure and function of the:

Structure and function of male and female reproductive systems
Differences between male and female reproductive organs
Structure of the gametes (sperm and ovum)
Fertilization, development of the embryo and birth
Birth control
Metamorphosis in insects: life histories of butterfly and cockroach
Comparison of reproduction in fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals
Arrangements of floral parts of a named insect-pollinated flower and a named wind-pollinated flower
Structure and function of the male and female parts of a flower
Types of pollination
Features of cross-pollinated and self-pollinated flowers
Agents of Pollination
Kinds of placentation: axile, marginal and parietal
Types of fruits (classification)
Structure of fruits
Dispersal of fruits and seeds: Agents of dispersal

Plant and Animal Nutrition

Process of photosynthesis and its chemical equation
Light and dark reactions
Materials and conditions necessary for photosynthesis
Evidence of photosynthesis
Mineral nutrition: Macro and micro-nutrients
Soil and atmosphere as sources of mineral elements.
Food substances; classes and sources
Balanced diet and its importance
Digestive enzymes: Classes, characteristics and functions
Autotrophic: Photosynthesis
Heterotrophic: holozoic, parasitic, symbiotic and saprophytic
Alimentary tract of different animals.
Dental Formula
Feeding in protozoa and mammals

Basic Ecological Concepts

Ecological components: environment, biosphere, habitat, population, biotic community and ecosystem
Biotic and abiotic
Ecological factors in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
Physical factors: Climatic, topographic and gaseous
Edaphic factors: Chemical and physical composition, moisture content and soil texture
Producers: autotrophs
Consumers: heterotrophs
Decomposers
Food/Energy relationship in aquatic and terrestrial environments
Pyramid of energy and Pyramid of numbers
Decomposers: (micro and macro-decomposers)
Gaseous products
Role of decomposers
Type of associations: Parasitism, symbiosis, commensalism and saprophytism
Adaptation of organisms to habitats
Nature, names, sources and effects of air pollutants
Effect of noise
Type and effects of pollutants
Structural changes in species composition, variety or diversity and increase in numbers
General characteristics and outcomes of succession
Primary succession
Succession in terrestrial and aquatic habitats
Secondary succession, climax of the succession: characteristic of a stable ecosystem
Factors that affect population size: natality, mortality, emigration, immigration, food shortage, predation, competition and diseases
Preservation and storage of foods
Weevils and cotton strainers
Control of pests
Carriers of microorganisms
Beneficial effects in nature, medicine and industries
Harmful effects of microorganisms, diseases caused by microorganisms: cholera, measles, malaria and ringworm.
Methods of controlling harmful microorganisms: high temperature, antibiotics, antiseptics, high salinity and dehydration
Ways of controlling the vectors
Refuse and sewage disposal
Immunization, vaccination and inoculation (control of diseases)

Conservation of Natural Resources

Resources to be conserved: soil, water, wildlife, forest and minerals
Ways of ensuring conservation

Variation in Population

size, height and weight
colour (skin, eye, hair coat of animals)
fingerprints
Ability to roll tongue
Ability to taste
phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)
Blood groups (ABO) classification

Biology of Heredity (Genetics)

Genetic Terminologies
Hereditary variation
Mendel’s experiments
Mendelian traits
Mendelian laws
Process of transmission of hereditary characters from parents to offspring
Probability in genetics (Hybrid formation)
Linkage, sex determination and sex-linked characters
Agriculture

Adaptation for survival and Evolution

Evidence of evolution
Theories of evolution
Biology as a science of life
Procedure for biological work
Importance of Biology
Body symmetry, sectioning and orientation
The microscope
Biological drawings
Movement of substances into and out of cells: Endocytosis and Exocytosis
Nucleic acids
DNA structure and replication, RNA transcription
Protein synthesis
Amoeba, Paramecium, and Euglena
Spirogyra and Rhizopus
Mosses and ferns
Characteristics of some of the orders of Class Insecta
Identification of organisms using biological keys
Interactions in Nature Soil
Dissection of a small mammal
Transport: Structure of the mammalian heart
Cellular respiration
Skeletal tissues
Secondary sexual characteristics
Prenatal/Antenatal care
Morphology of monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants.
Transport: Guttation
Reproduction: Floral formula
Integrated water resources management
Community Health
Recombinant DNA Technology
Contamination of water
Identification of polluted water
Wastewater treatment
Fish stock management
Fish farming
Food additives
Biology and Agriculture
Biotechnology
Biological fuel generation
Cell theory
Types of responses: taxis and nastism
Environmental factors that evoke responses; temperature, pH etc
Diseases of the kidney: Nephritis, kidney stone and diuresis, Their effects and remedies.
Diseases of the liver: infective hepatitis, cancer of the liver and gallstones. Their effects and remedies
Display e.g. peacocks
Territoriality
Seasonal migration associated with breeding in herrings, eels and birds.
Metamorphosis and life history of houseflies.
Yolk in eggs of fish, toads and birds for nourishment
Placenta in animals
Essential factors which affect developing embryos.
Types of germination
Nitrogen cycle
autotrophic, chemosynthetic, and carnivorous plants
Alimentary tracts of different animals
Description and function of various parts.
Categories: Carnivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous
Modifications and mechanisms associated with the following habits; filter feeding, fluid feeding, feeding adaptation in insects, saprophytic feeding, parasitic feeding etc.
Lithosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, niche
Population size
Energy loss in the ecosystem
Solar radiation: its intake and loss at the earth’s surface
Energy loss in the biosphere
Process of the carbon cycle
Importance of carbon in nature
Importance of water cycle
Importance of water to living organisms
Tolerance, Minimum and maximum range
Characteristics of habitat
distribution of plants and animals in the habitat
adaptive features of plants and animals in the habitat
distribution of plants and animals in habitat
Dynamic equilibrium population and population density
Classification of plants based on life cycle
Bush burning
Herbicide/pesticide
Different farming methods
Microorganisms in air and water
Groups of microorganisms: bacteria, viruses, some algae, protozoa and some fungi
Microorganisms in our bodies and food
Food hygiene and health organization.

Application of Variations

Crime detection
Blood transfusion
Determination of paternity
Factors that bring about competition
Intra and Inter-species competition
Relationship between competition and succession
obtaining food protection and defense
securing mates for reproduction,
regulating body temperature
conserving water
Adaptive Colouration Plants and animals Colouration and their functions

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Home » WAEC Biology Answers 2024 [Essay & OBJ] Questions is Out

2024 WAEC Biology Answers and Questions Released.

The Waec biology answers 2024 objective and essay questions are now available. The West African Examination Council, WAEC Biology exam paper will be written on Thursday, 23rd May 2024.

The Waec Biology 2 (Essay) paper will start by 9:30 am and will last for 1hr 40 mins while the Biology 1 (Objective) exam will commence at 11:10 am and will last for 50 mins.

WAEC Biology Answers 2024.

Section B [Essay] Answer any FOUR questions. Write your answers on the answer booklet provided.

1. a. (i) List three characteristics of living organisms.

(ii) Explain briefly the characteristics listed in 1(a) (i) above. (b) In a tabular form, state four differences between plants and animals.

(ii) State four animal features and two plant features possessed by the organism named in 1(c)(i)

1.a (i) and (ii) Characteristics of living Organisms…

Movement; Living things change the position of the whole body/parts of the body; from one place to another; in search of food/shelter/mates, etc.

Excretion; This involves the removal/getting rid of waste products of cell metabolism; metabolic wastes are poisonous if allowed to accumulate.

Respiration; This is the breakdown/burning of food substances; by aerobic/anaerobic respiration; to release energy needed for all processes of life.

Reproduction; This is the ability of living organisms to produce new individuals of their own kind; this ensures the continuity of the species of an organism.

Irritability; Response/reaction of organisms; towards changes in the environment; to ensures survival.

Nutrition; The process involved in obtaining/manufacturing food; can be autotrophic/ heterotrophic; and utilizing it for growth and maintenance/life processes.

Growth; This is the irreversible increase; in size and weight of an organism; which leads to complexity and maturation.

Competition; Ability of organisms to struggle; for all necessity of life; to survive in their en vironment.

Adaptation; A bility of organisms to adjust; to changes in environment; for survival.

2. a. What is photosynthesis? b. List: (i) four external factors; (ii) two internal factors; that affect the rate of photosynthesis. c. (i) List the major products of the light-dependent stage of photosynthesis. (ii) State the importance of each of the products listed in 2(c) (i) above. d. (i)Explain why there are no green plants at the lower depths of some lakes. (ii) State why decomposers are important to flowering plants.

3. (a) Explain the following terms: (i) disease; (ii) symptoms of diseases (b) (i) List two physical and two chemical barriers that prevent pathogens from penetrating the body of an organism. (ii) Explain how vaccination protects the body from contracting infectious diseases. (c) Distinguish between an antibody and an antigen. (d) Name the causative agents of: (i) Malaria; (ii) Cholera; (iii) AIDS.

4. (a) (i) What is excretion? (ii) List the excretory organs in humans and name one waste product excreted by each organ. (b) How does the mammalian kidney function as an excretory organ? (c) Name the excretory organs in (i) insects; (ii) earthworms.

5. (a) (i) What is conservation? (ii) State six factors responsible for the decline of the abundance and variety of wildlife. (b) Outline six ways in which the government can improve the situation in 5(a) (ii) above. (c) (i) What is Eutrophication? (ii) State two causes of eutrophication.

6. (a) Describe the carbon cycle. (b) State the functions of: (i) nitrogen fixing bacteria; (ii) nitrifying bacteria; (iii) denitrifying bacteria; in nature. ANS: (a) Carbon occurs in the air/ atmosphere/as carbon dioxide/dissolved in the oceans /seas/ water bodies, and is circulated continuously; through the activity of microorganisms /decay bacteria/ saprophytic organisms /fungi; which decompose the dead organisms; plants /animals release carbon dioxide and water; the carbon dioxide released increases the concentration of carbon in the atmosphere /ocean/ sea /water bodies; this is further increased by respiration in plants and animals; combustion of wood/ coal/ oil/ fuel; some of the excess carbon dioxides is absorbed by the sea /water bodies and also used by plants in photosynthesis; organisms in seas /oceans /water bodies release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere/ water.

(b) Functions of – (i) Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria; Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the nodules of legumes; those living freely in the soil; convert atmospheric nitrogen; into ammonia /ammonium compounds. (ii) Nitrifying Bacteria; They live freely in the soil; oxidize/breakdown the ammonium compounds; to nitrites; which are then oxidized by others/ Nitrobacter/ named bacteria; to nitrates. (iii) Denitrifying Bacteria; They live freely in the soil; these break down/ oxidize ammonium compounds; into nitrogen; and oxygen; which is released into the atmosphere.

7. (a) (i) What is a gene? (ii) Differentiate between the terms genotype and phenotype. (b) Explain the following terms: (i) hybrid; (ii) pure breeding; (iii) nucleotide. (c) In garden pea seeds, a smooth seed coat is dominant over a rough seed coat. With the aid of a genetic diagram, determine the result expected if a homozygous rough pea is crossed with a smooth seed coat plant whose parent were rough-coated.

8. (a) (i) Describe epigeal germination of a seed. (ii) In a tabular form, state three differences between epigeal germination and hypogeal germination. (b) (i) What is seed dormancy? (ii) State three ways by which dormancy in seeds can be broken. (c) State six advantages of using contraceptives in human populations.

WAEC Biology Objective Questions 2024.

Section A [Objectives] Answer ALL questions. Shade your answers on the answer booklet provided.

1. Where are most nitrogen compounds excreted from humans? A. kidneys B. liver C. rectum D skin.

2. A motor neurone transmits impulses from A muscle to the spinal cord. B receptor to muscle. C receptor to the spinal cord. D spinal cord to muscle.

3. In which order does light pass through these structures in the eye? A. cornea → aqueous humour → lens → vitreous humour → retina B. cornea → vitreous humour → lens → aqueous humour → retina C. lens → aqueous humour → cornea → vitreous humour → retina D. lens → vitreous humour → cornea → aqueous humour → retina.

4. A person with Down’s syndrome is born with 47 chromosomes in each cell, instead of 46. What could cause this? A. A mutation happened during the production of the egg cell. B. More than one sperm fused with the egg at fertilisation. C. Radiation caused a change in the structure of a gene in the father’s sperm. D. The mother was exposed to harmful chemicals while she was pregnant.

5. A red-flowered plant is crossed with a white-flowered plant. All the offspring have red flowers. What is the genotype of these offspring? A. RR and Rr B. RR only C. Rr only D. rr only.

6. A plant has flowers whose anthers mature and fall off before the stigma is fully developed. What will this prevent? A. cross-pollination B. insect-pollination C. self-pollination D. wind-pollination.

7. The cell wall of a plant cell is removed using an enzyme. What would happen if this cell is then placed in distilled water? A. It would take longer for the cell to become turgid. B. Proteins in the cytoplasm would leave through the cell membrane. C. The cell would become smaller as water passes out. D. The cell would burst as water moves into it.

8. Some organisms live at the bottom of the seas where it is very dark. To synthesise glucose, they use energy from chemicals in the very hot water that comes out of volcanoes. What is a distinguishing feature of these organisms? A. Their enzymes are easily denatured by heat. B. They do not need carbon dioxide. C. They do not need to be green. D. They obtain energy only as carnivores.

9. Under which set of conditions will the transpiration rate of a well-watered plant be fastest? A. a cool, dry, windless day B. a cool, rainy, windy day C. a hot, dry, windy day D. a hot, rainy, windy day.

10. Why is glucose found in the urine of diabetics? A. increased uptake and use of glucose by the body cells B. not enough glucose in the blood is converted to glycogen C. stored fats in the body are being oxidized D. too much glucose is absorbed by the kidney cells.

11. Which bones form a joint at the shoulder? A. humerus and scapula B. humerus and ulna C. radius and ulna D. radius and scapula.

12. Which sequence describes the flow of energy in an ecosystem? A. carnivore → herbivore → plant → Sun B. plant → herbivore → carnivore → Sun C. Sun → carnivore → herbivore → plant D. Sun → plant → herbivore → carnivore.

PS: Once again, there is nothing like the Waec biology expo. Do not fall victim to scammers online trying to obtain money from you with fake promises of having access to a live question paper before the exam. What we have on this page are likely exam questions from Waec biology past questions and answers to serve as a revision guide.

Keep following, more questions and answers will be added soon.

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