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Publications, satellite communications for 5g: promising yet challenging, ning wang, chang ge, barry evans, yogaratnam rahulan, and michael fitch, university of surrey, uk, published: 19 apr 2019.

CTN Issue: April 2019

A note from the editor:

5G will enable new types of applications and services in different domains, and satellite communications will be an essential part of the 5G infrastructure. However, is the technology ready?

In this article, Ning Wang from the University of Surrey 5G innovation center and his colleagues in the EU 5GPPP SAT5G project will present an overview of satellite communications in 5G, especially from content delivery point of view. As an integral part of 5G mobile networks, the fundamental pros and cons of satellite communications are analyzed, and technical issues that need to be addressed are highlighted.

Yingzhen Qu

Senior research scientist.

Futurewei Technologies Inc.

On the Roles of Satellite Communications in 5G Content Delivery

5G/6G Innovation Centre, University of Surrey

Senior Research Fellow at 5G Innovation Centre

University of Surrey

Barry Evans

Professor at 5g innovation centre, yogaratnam rahulan, chief 5g network architect at 5g innovation centre, michael fitch, sat5g project technical leader.

Traditionally, satellite communication has remained standalone and separated from the technical domain of mobile networking. It hasn’t been until recently that efforts have been made to embed satellite communication as an integral part of the 5 th generation (5G) mobile networks. One representative initiative in this respect is the Satellite and Terrestrial Networking for 5G (SAT5G) project [1] funded by the European Commission in the 5G Public and Private Partnership (5GPPP) Programme.  

The fundamental pros and cons of satellite communication are more or less well-known – on one hand, satellite communication enables wide geographical connectivity coverage without necessarily deploying fixed infrastructures such as cable links, making it an efficient solution for rural and remote area coverage. Additional strengths include high bandwidth capacity and the capability of content broadcasting and multicasting on a large scale.  Latency incurred by satellite links has remained an issue for some services, especially for geostationary (GEO) satellite systems. However, by caching at the edge this can be avoided and satellites can become an integrated part of future to fixed and mobile platforms in the 5G era.

As shown in Figure 1, a GEO satellite link connects the central 5G core network and multiple remote 5G mobile edges. In rural areas satellite may be the only backhaul option but also in other areas satellite can still be used in conjunction with terrestrial means. In content delivery networks the role of satellite can be to offline deliver (popular) content to the mobile edge and cache it at the local multi-access edge computing (MEC) servers. As such, local users will be able to access the pre-cached content at the attached MEC server, thus leading to the benefit of enhanced user experiences and reduced content traffic volume through the 5G core.

In a more adventurous challenge, the SaT5G project has further studied the feasibility of transmitting HLS (HTTP-based Live Streaming) based live streaming content with Ultra-high definition (UHD) 4K video at a bitrate of 20Mbps through the satellite-backhauled 5G network infrastructure. As can be expected, with a conventional end-to-end delivery scheme, it has been verified that the user experiences were extremely poor due to the limited TCP throughput incurred by the satellite link latency. However, the project team have designed and developed a MEC-enabled scheme to break the end-to-end connection with a transient video segment holding technique at the mobile edge [2]; the playback performance has been substantially improved with complete avoidance of streaming disruptions.

Now we further highlight specific technical issues pertaining to the integration of satellite communication into 5G that are being researched within SaT5G:

  • Resource optimisation on parallel backhaul links . Given that satellite communication offers an additional channel for carrying traffic over the 5G backhaul, context-aware policies or mechanisms need to be in place to properly steer traffic through either the satellite or the terrestrial backhauls. We expect that this requirement will trigger research on backhaul research optimisation by taking into account a wide variety of contexts such as type of traffic, traffic load, location of destinations etc. It is also interesting to investigate multipath connections based on MP-TCP [3] or MP-QUIC [4] for performance optimality.
  • Holistic orchestration of network functions : The orchestration architecture of a satellite network operator (SNO) when used as transport networks for 5G mobile network operator (MNO) networks partly depends on how the SNO networks support the MNO networks and partly on the virtualization architecture underlying the SNO networks. It can be envisaged that both SNO and MNO networks may encompass specific network functions, so how to orchestrate them in a holistic way while confirming to their respective operational objectives is a key technical issue.
  • Further complexity in the business model . The business implication is that the SNO will become a new stakeholder in the evolved 5G ecosystem. One SNO can virtualise the satellite link capacity and provide backhaul services to multiple MNOs, and here the role of a broker would be interesting. Meanwhile, An MNO can slice the overall resources (including both terrestrial and “leased” satellite backhaul) to support different vertical applications, and the satellite backhaul may only be used in a subset of these slices. Concerning content delivery services as outlined above, how to holistically enable a win-win business relationship between MNO, SNO and CDN operator in future satellite-enabled 5G environments is yet to be explored.
  • EU 5GPP SAT5G project: http://sat5g-project.eu/
  • (2)  C. Ge, N. Wang, I. Selinis, J. Cahill, M. Kavanagh, K. Liolis, C. Politis, J. Nunes, B. Evans, Y. Rahulan, N. Nouvel, M. Boutin, J. Desmauts, F. Arnal, S. Watts, G. Poziopoulou, QoE-Assured Live Streaming via Satellite Backhaul in 5G Networks, IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, Accepted for publication, DOI: 10.1109/TBC.2019.2901397
  • C. Paasch, O. Bonaventure, Multipath TCP, ACM Queue, Vol. 12, Issue 2, 2014
  • Q. De Coninck, O. Bonaventure, Multipath QUIC: Design and Evaluation, Proc. ACM CONEXT 2017

Statements and opinions given in a work published by the IEEE or the IEEE Communications Society are the expressions of the author(s). Responsibility for the content of published articles rests upon the authors(s), not IEEE nor the IEEE Communications Society.

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Recent Progress in Object Detection in Satellite Imagery: A Review

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  • Kanchan Bhil 40 ,
  • Rithvik Shindihatti 40 ,
  • Shifa Mirza 40 ,
  • Siddhi Latkar 40 ,
  • Y. S. Ingle 40 ,
  • N. F. Shaikh 40 ,
  • I. Prabu 41 &
  • Satish N. Pardeshi 41  

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering ((LNEE,volume 840))

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Algorithms based on deep learning are taking off as solutions to several problems in numerous fields. Numerous deep learning architectures like convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, deep belief networks, artificial neural networks and deep neural networks have been used in fields such as audio recognition, machine vision, processing of natural language, recognition of speech, social network filtering, computer vision, translating languages and bioinformatics. One such application of deep learning architectures is object detection. Object detection in satellite and aerial imagery undertakes an important role in a long list of applications and has allured a lot of attention which resulted in exceptional progress in recent years. It has abundant uses in various fields such as surveillance, military, national security, urban planning, environmental applications, traffic control and forestry. Several issues like varying size, background and orientation of the target object make the automatic detection of target in satellite imagery a challenging issue. Recent research in this field has given better speed and accuracy to the detection of the target object. With the rise in the data being generated by the Earth Observation programs, it is becoming much more imperative to find better and efficient ways to exploit this data by improving upon the existing Deep Learning research. In this paper, we bring forth a wide-ranging analysis of the recent advancements in methods of object detection based on deep learning to recognize the objects in satellite imagery.

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Modern Education Society’s College of Engineering, Pune, India

Kanchan Bhil, Rithvik Shindihatti, Shifa Mirza, Siddhi Latkar, Y. S. Ingle & N. F. Shaikh

Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, India

I. Prabu & Satish N. Pardeshi

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Department of Computer Science, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Sagaya Aurelia

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

Somashekhar S. Hiremath

Department of Information Technology, University of Technology and Applied Science, Sultanate of Oman, Oman

Karthikeyan Subramanian

Department of Computer Science Engineering, National Institute of Technology Silchar, Silchar, Assam, India

Saroj Kr. Biswas

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Bhil, K. et al. (2022). Recent Progress in Object Detection in Satellite Imagery: A Review. In: Aurelia, S., Hiremath, S.S., Subramanian, K., Biswas, S.K. (eds) Sustainable Advanced Computing. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 840. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9012-9_18

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  2. Satellite Computing: Vision and Challenges

    The space industry experiences a rise in low-Earth-orbit satellite mega-constellations to achieve universal connectivity. At the same time, cloud firms (such as Google, Microsoft, and AWS) also have ambitions for computing in space to offer public cloud services in orbit. Satellite computing, as a new emerging concept, is promising to enable new paradigms in on-orbit autonomy, remote sensing ...

  3. Artificial Intelligence for Satellite Communication and Non-Terrestrial

    Henarejos, Member, IEEE, Hayder Al-Hraishawi Senior Member, IEEE, Juan Carlos Merlano Duncan, Senior Member, IEEE, Thang X. Vu, Senior Member, IEEE and Symeon Chatzinotas, Fellow, IEEE Abstract—This paper surveys the application and development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Satellite Communication (Sat-Com) and Non-Terrestrial Networks ...

  4. Detecting Land Cover Changes between Satellite Image Time ...

    This work studies change detection from satellite image time series (SITS) with a proposed framework that leverages SITS using self-supervised learning. Experimental evaluation conducted on a study area in southwestern France demonstrates the effectiveness of the approach, with varying quantities of labeled training data. The results highlight the potential of self-supervised learning in ...

  5. Space Communications New Frontiers: From Near Earth to ...

    Stephen M. Lichten. California Institute of Technology, USA. This Special Issue will provide a comprehensive presentation of the state-of-the-art findings including technology, theory, design, optimization, and applications of space communication, potentially shaping future evolutions of 5G and beyond, and manned and unmanned space exploration.

  6. Satellite Communications for 5G: Promising yet Challenging

    Traditionally, satellite communication has remained standalone and separated from the technical domain of mobile networking. It hasn't been until recently that efforts have been made to embed satellite communication as an integral part of the 5 th generation (5G) mobile networks. One representative initiative in this respect is the Satellite and Terrestrial Networking for 5G (SAT5G) project ...

  7. Research on digital simulation of satellite integrated ...

    Satellite simulation technology is an effective method to reduce the risk of satellite system application and the production cost. With the satellite electronic system tending to integration and comprehension, it is particularly necessary to do researches on simulation of the satellite integrated electronic system (IES). The paper explains the design ideology of IES digital simulation, builds ...

  8. (PDF) Satellite Communications in the New Space Era: A ...

    Steven Kisseleff, Jor ge Querol, Lei Lei, Thang X. V u, George Goussetis. Abstract —Satellite communications (SatComs) have recently. entered a period of renewed interest motivated by ...

  9. Machine Learning and Deep Learning powered satellite communications

    There is a need to establish highly adaptive and flexible satellite systems to overcome this. Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) have gained much popularity when it comes to communication systems. This review extensively provides insight into ML and DL's utilization in satellite communications.

  10. (PDF) Future Challenges and Opportunities for Satellite ...

    our attitude regarding space. It was the result of. three interrelated factors: 1) the commercialization. of space, 2) the downsizing of satellites, and 3) the. development of new space-based ...

  11. Recent Progress in Object Detection in Satellite Imagery: A Review

    The recent studies have given new insights and ways to acquire better results. This paper draws attention to several new and improved methods for detection of objects in satellite imageries based on deep learning. These advanced techniques are obtained from research papers published till now.

  12. satellite communication Latest Research Papers

    Satellite network optimization is essential, particularly since the cost of manufacturing, launching and maintaining each satellite is significant. Moreover, classical communication optimization methods, such as Minimal Spanning Tree, cannot be applied directly in dynamic scenarios where the satellite constellation is constantly changing.

  13. International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking

    The International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking supports Engineering Reports, a new Wiley Open Access journal dedicated to all areas of engineering and computer science.. With a broad scope, the journal is meant to provide a unified and reputable outlet for rigorously peer-reviewed and well-conducted scientific research.See the full Aims & Scope here.

  14. Artificial Intelligence for Trusted Autonomous Satellite Operations

    1. Introduction. Satellite systems provide a wide variety of services, which can be easily accessed from almost any location on the globe. These systems have rapidly evolved over the last few decades and have become essential in various application domains, such as communications, navigation, Earth Observation (EO) and astronomy [1].However, certain aspects of satellite technology, such as ...

  15. Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for Fixed Mobile and Satellite 5G

    Conclusion In this work, a microstrip patch slot antenna for 5G and satellite communication has been designed. The simulation of the design has been carried out in Ansys HFSS v.15.0 simulation tool. The obtained results are found to be satisfying the requirements of the 5G communication antenna. The antenna works at a resonating frequency of 43 ...

  16. International Journal of Satellite Communications and Networking

    This paper studies the routing algorithms in the low earth orbit satellite network. Considering that the evaluation of inter-satellite links in previous studies is relatively simple and the security of data transmission paths is poor, a linear programming routing algorithm based on a mathematical model and a multi-object optimization Dijkstra algorithm are proposed.

  17. Remote Sensing

    Modeling forest structure using multi-source satellite data is beneficial to understanding the relationship between vertical and horizontal structure and image features to provide more comprehensive and abundant information for the study of forest structural complexity. This study investigates and models forest structure as a multivariate structure based on sample data and active-passive ...

  18. Delay-minimized Distributed Sequence Routing for Satellite Optical

    A sequence routing algorithm based geographical information based geographical information is proposed to reduce delay in satellite optical networks and the simulation results show that the average delay is reduced by 30%. A sequence routing algorithm based geographical information is proposed to reduce delay in satellite optical networks. The simulation results show that compared with the ...

  19. CSL-SFNet for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Satellite

    Research Article CSL-SFNet for Cooperative Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Satellite Network with GEO and LEO Satellites Kai Yang ,1,2 Shengbo Hu ,2,3 Xin Zhang ,1 Tingting Yan,2 and Manqin Zhu2 1College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China 2Intelligent Information Processing Research Institute, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China

  20. IEEE

    These communities are active participants in research and authorship, conferences, and important conversations about today's most relevant technical topics locally and globally. ... Calls for papers. IEEE provides the right forum for authors and speakers to present their work at various annual conferences worldwide. IEEE continuously updates ...