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100 Questions (and Answers) About Research Methods
- Neil J. Salkind
- Description
"How do I create a good research hypothesis?"
"How do I know when my literature review is finished?"
"What is the difference between a sample and a population?"
"What is power and why is it important?"
In an increasingly data-driven world, it is more important than ever for students as well as professionals to better understand the process of research. This invaluable guide answers the essential questions that students ask about research methods in a concise and accessible way.
See what’s new to this edition by selecting the Features tab on this page. Should you need additional information or have questions regarding the HEOA information provided for this title, including what is new to this edition, please email [email protected] . Please include your name, contact information, and the name of the title for which you would like more information. For information on the HEOA, please go to http://ed.gov/policy/highered/leg/hea08/index.html .
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"This is a concise text that has good coverage of the basic concepts and elementary principles of research methods. It picks up where many traditional research methods texts stop and provides additional discussion on some of the hardest to understand concepts."
"I think it’s a great idea for a text (or series), and I have no doubt that the majority of students would find it helpful. The material is presented clearly, and it is easy to read and understand. My favorite example from those provided is on p. 7 where the author provides an actual checklist for evaluating the merit of a study. This is a great tool for students and would provide an excellent “practice” approach to learning this skill. Over time students wouldn’t need a checklist, but I think it would be invaluable for those students with little to no research experience."
I already am using 3 other books. This is a good book though.
Did not meet my needs
I had heard good things about Salkind's statistics book and wanted to review his research book as well. The 100 questions format is cute, and may provide a quick answer to a specific student question. However, it's not really organized in a way that I find particularly useful for a more integrated course that progressively develop and builds upon concepts.
comes across as a little disorganized, plus a little too focused on psychology and statistics.
This text is a great resource guide for graduate students. But it may not work as well with undergraduates orienting themselves to the research process. However, I will use it as a recommended text for students.
Key Features
· The entire research process is covered from start to finish: Divided into nine parts, the book guides readers from the initial asking of questions, through the analysis and interpretation of data, to the final report
· Each question and answer provides a stand-alone explanation: Readers gain enough information on a particular topic to move on to the next question, and topics can be read in any order
· Most questions and answers supplement others in the book: Important material is reinforced, and connections are made between the topics
· Each answer ends with referral to three other related questions: Readers are shown where to go for additional information on the most closely related topics
Sample Materials & Chapters
Question #16: Question #16: How Do I Know When My Literature Review Is Finished?
Question #32: How Can I Create a Good Research Hypothesis?
Question #40: What Is the Difference Between a Sample and a Population, and Why
Question #92: What Is Power, and Why Is It Important?
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Final Exam Review for Research Methodology (RES301)
Research Methodology final exam review
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100 questions (and answers) about research methods
Available online, at the library.
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- Contributors
Description
Creators/contributors, contents/summary.
- Part 1. Understanding the Research Process and Getting Started
- Part 2. Reviewing and Writing About Your Research Question
- Part 3. Introductory Ideas About Ethics
- Part 4. Research Methods: Knowing the Language, Knowing the Ideas
- Part 5. Sampling Ideas and Issues
- Part 6. Describing Data Using Descriptive Techniques
- Part 7. All About Testing and Measuring
- Part 8. Understanding Different Research Methods
- Part 9. All About Inference and Significance.
- (source: Nielsen Book Data)
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Research Methodology
Student resources, multiple choice questions.
Research: A Way of Thinking
The Research Process: A Quick Glance
Reviewing the Literature
Formulating a Research Problem
Identifying Variables
Constructing Hypotheses
The Research Design
Selecting a Study Design
Selecting a Method of Data Collection
Collecting Data Using Attitudinal Scales
Establishing the Validity and Reliability of a Research Instrument
Selecting a Sample
Writing a Research Proposal
Considering Ethical Issues in Data Collection
Processing Data
Displaying Data
Writing a Research Report
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100 Questions (and Answers) About Research Methods
- Neil J. Salkind
- Description
"How do I know when my literature review is finished?"
"What is the difference between a sample and a population?"
"What is power and why is it important?"
In an increasingly data-driven world, it is more important than ever for students as well as professionals to better understand the process of research. This invaluable guide answers the essential questions that students ask about research methods in a concise and accessible way.
Sample Materials & Chapters
Question #16: Question #16: How Do I Know When My Literature Review Is Finished?
Question #32: How Can I Create a Good Research Hypothesis?
Question #40: What Is the Difference Between a Sample and a Population, and Why
Question #92: What Is Power, and Why Is It Important?
For instructors
Select a purchasing option.
- Electronic Order Options VitalSource Amazon Kindle Google Play eBooks.com Kobo
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Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes, generate accurate citations for free.
- Knowledge Base
- Starting the research process
- Writing Strong Research Questions | Criteria & Examples
Writing Strong Research Questions | Criteria & Examples
Published on October 26, 2022 by Shona McCombes . Revised on November 21, 2023.
A research question pinpoints exactly what you want to find out in your work. A good research question is essential to guide your research paper , dissertation , or thesis .
All research questions should be:
- Focused on a single problem or issue
- Researchable using primary and/or secondary sources
- Feasible to answer within the timeframe and practical constraints
- Specific enough to answer thoroughly
- Complex enough to develop the answer over the space of a paper or thesis
- Relevant to your field of study and/or society more broadly
Table of contents
How to write a research question, what makes a strong research question, using sub-questions to strengthen your main research question, research questions quiz, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about research questions.
You can follow these steps to develop a strong research question:
- Choose your topic
- Do some preliminary reading about the current state of the field
- Narrow your focus to a specific niche
- Identify the research problem that you will address
The way you frame your question depends on what your research aims to achieve. The table below shows some examples of how you might formulate questions for different purposes.
Using your research problem to develop your research question
Note that while most research questions can be answered with various types of research , the way you frame your question should help determine your choices.
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Research questions anchor your whole project, so it’s important to spend some time refining them. The criteria below can help you evaluate the strength of your research question.
Focused and researchable
Feasible and specific, complex and arguable, relevant and original.
Chances are that your main research question likely can’t be answered all at once. That’s why sub-questions are important: they allow you to answer your main question in a step-by-step manner.
Good sub-questions should be:
- Less complex than the main question
- Focused only on 1 type of research
- Presented in a logical order
Here are a few examples of descriptive and framing questions:
- Descriptive: According to current government arguments, how should a European bank tax be implemented?
- Descriptive: Which countries have a bank tax/levy on financial transactions?
- Framing: How should a bank tax/levy on financial transactions look at a European level?
Keep in mind that sub-questions are by no means mandatory. They should only be asked if you need the findings to answer your main question. If your main question is simple enough to stand on its own, it’s okay to skip the sub-question part. As a rule of thumb, the more complex your subject, the more sub-questions you’ll need.
Try to limit yourself to 4 or 5 sub-questions, maximum. If you feel you need more than this, it may be indication that your main research question is not sufficiently specific. In this case, it’s is better to revisit your problem statement and try to tighten your main question up.
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If you want to know more about the research process , methodology , research bias , or statistics , make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples.
Methodology
- Sampling methods
- Simple random sampling
- Stratified sampling
- Cluster sampling
- Likert scales
- Reproducibility
Statistics
- Null hypothesis
- Statistical power
- Probability distribution
- Effect size
- Poisson distribution
Research bias
- Optimism bias
- Cognitive bias
- Implicit bias
- Hawthorne effect
- Anchoring bias
- Explicit bias
The way you present your research problem in your introduction varies depending on the nature of your research paper . A research paper that presents a sustained argument will usually encapsulate this argument in a thesis statement .
A research paper designed to present the results of empirical research tends to present a research question that it seeks to answer. It may also include a hypothesis —a prediction that will be confirmed or disproved by your research.
As you cannot possibly read every source related to your topic, it’s important to evaluate sources to assess their relevance. Use preliminary evaluation to determine whether a source is worth examining in more depth.
This involves:
- Reading abstracts , prefaces, introductions , and conclusions
- Looking at the table of contents to determine the scope of the work
- Consulting the index for key terms or the names of important scholars
A research hypothesis is your proposed answer to your research question. The research hypothesis usually includes an explanation (“ x affects y because …”).
A statistical hypothesis, on the other hand, is a mathematical statement about a population parameter. Statistical hypotheses always come in pairs: the null and alternative hypotheses . In a well-designed study , the statistical hypotheses correspond logically to the research hypothesis.
Formulating a main research question can be a difficult task. Overall, your question should contribute to solving the problem that you have defined in your problem statement .
However, it should also fulfill criteria in three main areas:
- Researchability
- Feasibility and specificity
- Relevance and originality
Cite this Scribbr article
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McCombes, S. (2023, November 21). Writing Strong Research Questions | Criteria & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved April 9, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/research-process/research-questions/
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A DV is the factor in an experiment which is influenced by changes in the IV / and which is observed and measured by the researcher. / In the example given in 3, the DV would be driving ability. (3 marks) What is a confounding variable? A confounding variable is an influence in an experiment that is not the IV yet causes changes in the DV.
Key Features · The entire research process is covered from start to finish: Divided into nine parts, the book guides readers from the initial asking of questions, through the analysis and interpretation of data, to the final report · Each question and answer provides a stand-alone explanation: Readers gain enough information on a particular topic to move on to the next question, and topics ...
research proposal is a comprehensive plan for a research project. It is a written description of a research plan that has to be undertaken. It determines the specific areas of research, states the purpose, scope, methodology, overall organization and limitations of the study. It also estimates its requirements for equipment (if necessary ...
AP Research Past Exam Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ...
A "hypothesis" is the research methods term used to describe the expected relationship between variables. ... Deductive reasoning starts with a theoretical idea and then sets out to test that idea. True. correct incorrect. ... _____ research deals with the data and numbers and relies on statistical analysis to address research questions and ...
Mixed methods research is a type of research that combines qualitative and quantitative research techniques into a single study. True. correct incorrect. ... If providing the answers to a survey question, the researcher must be sure the answers are both exhaustive and mutually exclusive. True. correct incorrect.
It's for graduate students preparing for comprehensive exams, researchers who need a reference, undergraduates in affiliated programs who will not be taking a primary course in research methods and anyone curious about how these tools can most effectively be used. ... One hundred questions (and answers) about research methods Note Includes ...
Multiple Choice Questions. Research: A Way of Thinking. The Research Process: A Quick Glance. Reviewing the Literature. Formulating a Research Problem. Identifying Variables. Constructing Hypotheses. The Research Design. Selecting a Study Design.
Designed for students, researchers, and individuals interested in the scientific process, our quizzes cover a wide range of research methods and techniques. Through a series of thought-provoking questions, you'll explore the principles and practices that underpin qualitative and quantitative research. With our interactive platform, you can test ...
This invaluable guide answers the essential questions that students ask about research methods in a concise and accessible way. 100 Questions (and Answers) about Research Methods summarizes the most important questions that lie in those inbetween spaces that one could ask about research methods while providing an answer as well. This is a short ...
A good research question is essential to guide your research paper, dissertation, or thesis. All research questions should be: Focused on a single problem or issue. Researchable using primary and/or secondary sources. Feasible to answer within the timeframe and practical constraints. Specific enough to answer thoroughly.
When several questions are used to measure a variable (social concept), this is referred to as a(n): scale. correct incorrect. composite. correct incorrect. ... When research participants are given slightly different questions or measures of the same concept to help increase the reliability of the research results this is referred to as ...
Qualitative Comprehensive Exam Questions, Spring 2015. 1. How can a qualitative researcher enhance the validity and reliability of their study throughout the research process, from the methodology chosen, the research design, the data analysis, and the presentation of their results? 2. You are a new faculty member at a local college.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY - PAST EXAM PAPERS 2016 - Regular Examination Question 1 Write short notes on the following concepts:[20] a) Research question b) Hypothesis c) Theoretical framework d) Methodology a) Research Question: - A research question is a fundamental inquiry that defines the scope and purpose of a research project.
N3321 Nursing Research Exam 1. Chapter 1: Intro to research and EBP. Research vs Nursing research a. Research - systematic study that validates and refines existing knowledge and dev new knowledge b. Nursing research - sci process that validates and refines existing knowledge; Research evidence a.
Data analysis in research methods refers to the process of transforming raw data into meaningful and interpretable information to answer research questions, test hypotheses, or conclude. It ...
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