assignment on management of natural resources

Natural Resources Management

Note: This exam date is subjected to change based on seat availability. You can check final exam date on your hall ticket.

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Course layout, books and references.

• D. R. Lynch, Sustainable Natural Resource Management: For Scientists and Engineers, Publisher: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
• M.C. Dash, Concepts of Environmental Management for Sustainable Development Publisher: I K International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 2013.
• G. Shivakoti, U. Pradhan, H. Helmi (editors), Redefining Diversity and Dynamics of Natural Resources Management in Asia, Volume 1 st Edition, Sustainable Natural Resources Management in Dynamic Asia, Editors:, ISBN: 9780128054543, Elsevier, 2016.
• P. Rogers, K. F. Jalal, J. A. Boyd, An Introduction to Sustainable Development. Publisher: Routledge; 1 edition, ISBN-10:1844075206, 2007.

Instructor bio

Prof. Sudip Mitra

Course certificate.

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• CBSE Notes For Class 10
• Class 10 Science Notes
• Chapter 16: Sustainable Management Of Natural Resource

CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Notes

According to the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been removed from  NCERT Class 10 Science textbook .

CBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management Of Natural Resource Notes

Introduction.

Natural resources are substances obtained from the planet that is used to sustain life and provide for human needs. A natural resource is something that comes from nature that humans use. Natural resources include things like stone, sand, metals, oil, coal, and natural gas. Air, sunlight, soil, and water are other natural resources.

The well-being of people depends on natural resources. We cannot survive without the freshwater we drink, the plants we consume, or the pure air we breathe. To build roofs over our heads and heat our homes, we require natural resources.

Pollution in Ganga

• The river Ganga is used as a sewage dump for more than 100 cities stretching across Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal.
• Dumping of untreated sewage,  excreta and chemicals from industries increase the toxicity of the water.
• This makes it inhabitable for flora and fauna in the river system.
• In 1985 the GAP (Ganga Action Plan) project was initialised to curb the poor quality of the water of the river Ganges.

Reduce, Recycle and Reuse

The 3 Rs to save the environment can be performed by each individual in our society:

• Reduce: Reducing our usage and wasteful habits. E.g. not wasting food, turning off the switches to save electricity, repairing leaky taps, reducing the amount of water used for bathing, etc.
• Reuse:  Using things again instead of discarding them. For example, reusing plastic utensils and bottles. Many things cannot be recycled or require a lot of energy; instead, we can utilize them for other purposes.
• Recycle: Collecting discarded paper, plastic, glass or metal objects to manufacture different products rather than synthesizing them from scratch. It must have a mechanism to segregate and dispose of each type of waste separately.

To know more about Saving the Environment from Pollution, visit here .

Why Do We Need to Manage Our Resources?

Need to manage natural resources.

• Due to the ever-increasing population and rising demands of changing lifestyles, natural resources are being depleted at an alarming rate. To ensure sustainable, equal distribution of resources and reduction of damage to the environment, management of resources must be an integral part of our society.
• We must ensure judicious use of our natural resources as it is not unlimited, and management of such requires long-term planning in order to last generations.

Increase in Demand for Natural Resources

• The increasing population is increasing the demand for more resources that are getting depleted at an exponential rate.
• Changing lifestyles and advancements in technology are compelling industries to exploit our natural reserves to meet the demands.

To know more about the Management of Natural Resources, visit here .

Forests and Wildlife

• Forests are termed biodiversity hotspots.
• Biodiversity is the variety and range of plant and animal life in a particular habitat.
• Loss of biodiversity may result in loss of ecological balance and damage to the ecosystem.

To know more about the Conservation of Forests and Wildlife, visit here .

Stakeholders of Forests

When we consider the conservation of forests, we must consider the following stakeholders:

• People who habituate around forests are dependent on forest produce.
• The Forest Department of Government owns the land and resources.
• Industrialists: who use the forest to produce certain products, e.g. leaves of Tendu for bidis  and paper mills.
• Conservationists and wildlife enthusiasts who want to conserve nature in its pristine form.

To know more about the Stakeholders of a forest, visit here .

Monoculture

• Monoculture is the cultivation of a single crop in a given area.
• Excessive monoculture destroys the biodiversity of the area.
• Various needs of the people local to forest areas are neglected, such as leaves for fodder, herbs and fruits for consumption.

Industrialist’s Mentality and Influence

• Industrialists consider forests as a source of raw materials.
• Industries have more political power than the locals and only bother about meeting their demands. They do not care about sustainability and will move on from one habitat to another in search of raw materials.

People’s Intervention in Forests

• Human intervention is a necessity in the management of forest resources and landscapes.
• Resources must be utilised to ensure development while preserving the environment.
• Benefits must go to the local people to ensure economic growth and conservation takes place simultaneously.
• Examples: Bishnoi community in Rajasthan for saving Khejri trees in Jodhpur Rajasthan.

Damage to Forests and Wildlife

• Excessive and lawless utilisation of forests will deplete the resources quicker than they can be restored.
• Destroys the ecological balance and may damage the habitats of various species of flora and fauna.

Sustainable Development

• Sustainable development needs all stakeholders of forest resources to be satisfied.
• In reality, industries use forests at rates far below the market rates, which causes conflict between local dwellers and industrialists.
• West Bengal’s Arabari forests are well-known for being protected areas. This forest gained notoriety as a result of the participation of locals who established a community and worked with village police and forest officials to ensure that there was no significant deforestation, land poaching, or illegal wildlife hunting there.

Chipko Movement

• Originated in Reni Garhwal, high up in the Himalayas.

• The movement quickly gained popularity and media attention and forced the government to rethink the management of forest resources.
• The involvement of local people is equally important in the management of forest resources.

Water for All

• Water is a necessity for all terrestrial forms of life.
• In India, places having water scarcity are also places experiencing acute poverty.
• Despite the monsoon, there exists a failure to retain groundwater due to the loss of vegetation and the release of effluents from industries.
• Decrease in fresh usable water due to the destruction of the water table and disruption in the water cycle.

To know more about Water, visit here .

Rains and Irrigation Practices

• Intervention of the government to pursue mega projects neglected the local irrigation methods.
• Strict regulations on the usage of stored water and building tanks, dams and canals
• Optimum cropping patterns must be followed based on water availability.

Involvement of Local People (ex: kulhs)

• Himachal Pradesh had a canal irrigation system called kulhs where flowing stream water was diverted to man-made channels, which took it to villages down the hillside.
• The water was used first by the village farthest from the origin of the kulh. This helped water percolate in the soil.
• It was made defunct after the government irrigation system took over.
• Dams can store large amounts of water and generate electricity.
• Mismanagement of dams causes exploitation, and there is no equitable distribution of this resource.
• Criticism about large dams addresses: (i) Displacement of tribals without compensation (ii) Corruption and consumption of money without generation of benefits (iii) Environmental problems like deforestation.
• For irrigation, water from dams is used.
• Dam water is purified and made available for drinking in neighbouring towns and cities.
• Hydroelectric power is produced by dams and utilised to produce electricity.
• Dams stop flooding from taking lives and property.

Coal and Petroleum

Water harvesting.

• Water harvesting encourages soil and water conservation in order to sustain and increase biomass.
• Increases income for the local community but also alleviates floods and droughts.
• Examples: Rajasthan’s tanks, Khadins, and Nadis; Maharashtra’s Tals and Bandharas; Madhya Pradesh’s and Uttar Pradesh’s Bundhis; Bihar’s Pynes and Ahars; Himachal Pradesh’s Kulhs; Kattas in Karnataka; ponds in the Kandi belt of Jammu region; Eris (tanks) in Tamil Nadu and Kerala’s Surangams.
• Water harvesting constructions are crescent-shaped earthen embankments/concrete check dams built in areas that are seasonally flooded.
• The main purpose is to recharge groundwater.

The following is a list of the advantages of a rainwater harvesting system.

• Decreases the demand for water imports.
• Encourages energy and water conservation.
• Increases groundwater availability and quality.
• Does not need a filtering system for irrigation in gardens.
• This technology is comparatively straightforward and simple to install and use.

Groundwater

Advantages:

• does not evaporate
• recharges wells
• when flowing does not allow mosquitoes to breed
• does not come in contact with human contamination

To know more about Groundwater, visit here .

• Coal and petroleum are derived from fossil fuels, which are non-renewable. They will get depleted in due time. Hence, proper management of the consumption of fossil fuels is important.
• Their combustion pollutes our environment due to the production of oxides of carbon, sulfur and nitrogen. Therefore, we need to use these resources judiciously.

To know more about Coal and Petroleum, visit here .

Why Should Fossil Fuels Be Used Judiciously?

• Fossil fuels are formed over millions of years of degrading biomass and have a huge amount of carbon.
• When combusted in a limited supply of oxygen, they form harmful gases that pollute the atmosphere, which leads to global warming.
• Judicious use of fossil fuels addresses the efficiency of our machines and ensures the sustainability of our resources for the future.

Choices that Can Make a Difference in Energy Consumption

• Put your computer to sleep.
• Unplug any gadgets and equipment you are not using.
• Shower for fewer minutes.
• Set the refrigerator to 37–40 degrees F.
• Reduce your plug load by using a power strip.
• NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
• Important Questions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 – Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
• NCERT Exemplar Class 10 Science Solutions for Chapter 16 – Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
• Maths Notes For Class 10
• CBSE Class 10 Social Science Notes

Frequently Asked Questions on CBSE Class 10 Science Notes Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

What is sustainable development.

Sustainable development is defined as an approach to developing or growing by using resources in a way that allows them to renew or continue to exist for others.

What are the types of natural resources?

Natural resources include oil, coal, natural gas, metals, stone and sand. Air, sunlight, soil and water are other natural resources.

What are the main reasons for water pollution?

1. Rapid urban development 2. Improper sewage disposal 3. Oil spills 4. Chemical waste dumping 5. Radioactive waste discharge

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1) Enabling policy and institutional environment

• nature of property rights for resources (i.e., whether private or common, and how well-defined)
• legal status of community-based institutions and whether they have authority to manage financial resources, levy user charges, enforce compliance with exclusion orders, etc.
• macro-economic conditions affecting the financial viability of small producers
• extent of rural infrastructure which affects the ease of access to arkets for local producers

2) Participatory processes for establishing community-based groups

• entry point subprojects that result in positive financial and/or economic returns to local communities while attaining sustainable resource management goals - the incentive for collective action
• benefits from management of natural resources must accrue quickly, locally, transparently, and as equitably as possible given the resource constraints - providing incentives to as many resource users as possible
• externalities and asymmetric costs and benefits associated with most natural resource management activities means that appropriate financial incentives are required for co-financing entry point subprojects with local communities -- improving the incentives

3) Effective operational linkages between institutional actors to facilitate large-scale adoption of sustainable NRM practices.

• review and restructuring of public sector agencies to become more responsive to clients
• decentralization of responsibility and authority for resource management decisions to the most appropriate level (subsidiarity)
• design of appropriate decentralized financial instrument (e.g., social fund, demand driven rural investment fund, or local development fund) for financing community-based resource management initiatives
• decentralized financial instruments must enable community-based local procurement of goods and services.

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Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

What is natural resource management.

Resources include the entire natural environment that is useful to humans. Resources are actually stocks of nature like soil, minerals, water, coal, forests, and more. But because of the increasing population and technological development, our natural resources are getting polluted and depleted.

Natural Resource Management (NRM) deals with managing the way people and natural landscapes interact. It brings together water management, land use planning, biodiversity conservation, and the future sustainability of industries such as mining, tourism, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. It also recognises that people and their livelihoods rely on the productivity and health of our landscapes, and the caretaking of the land plays a major role in maintaining this productivity and health. The article discusses the different types of sustainable management techniques of natural resources.

Pollution is defined as the addition of contaminants in a substance. The contaminants are defined as particles that cause undesirable changes in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Addition of contaminants in water, soil, and air results in the most common form of pollution.  This is harmful to humans and to other organisms on the Earth as well. So there is an immediate requirement to take proper care and manage the natural resources to conserve our environment for sustainable development. There are international laws, different acts, organizations working towards our environmental protection. The awareness about these problems has led to the conservation of the environment and natural resources. For example, The Ganga Action Plan.

Methods of Sustainable Management  

We can reduce the environmental pressure by following the concept named 3R's, which means to Reduce, Recycle, and Reuse. 

It means  to use the natural resources less, which can be done by: like,

Switching off the electrical appliances when they are not in use.

Saving fuel by walking or using public transport.

Saving food by cooking limitedly or not wasting it, and so on.

It is defined as the processing or recycling of waste to form new products. Practising the concept of recycling saves resources, costs, and also reduces the piling of waste materials.

It is defined as using an item more than once like,

Reuse the envelope.

The containers of jams and pickles should be reused by storing other food items or groceries.

Use cloth/jute bags instead of the polyethene ones, and so on.

What is Sustainable Development?

It is controlling the usage of resources in a way that there is a continuous flow and equitable availability of products and services for the current and future generations without any impact on the environment. Case studies of Chipko Andolan and Ganga action plans are mentioned below as examples of sustainable development. 

Chipko Andolan

The Andolan is an example of sustainable management of natural resources, which was initiated in a village, Tehri, located in Garhwal. The people residing in that area realized the importance of forests and decided not to give timber products to the people of other areas. They hugged the trees by making a human chain by standing and protested against cutting them. The Andolan soon spread in the nearby areas, and those people also started to protest against the cutting of trees.

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Ganga Action Plan

In 1985, the Ganga Action Plan was implemented as a massive multi-crore project, which was undertaken to make the river Ganga pollution-free. It was also noticed that because of the continuous dumping of waste into river Ganga, the number of coliform bacteria rose up to an alarming level. This bacteria is, otherwise, found in the human intestine. This led to the pollution of the river. As people use water for bathing, washing clothes, it leads to the addition of various chemicals in the water which in turn, alters the 'ph' of the water level and makes it contaminated. The main aim of the project was to improve the quality of water by reducing the concentration of contaminants in the river. 

Why Should We Manage Our Resources?

We are in critical demand to manage our resources because everything that we consume is obtained from resources existing on the Earth. They have to be handled carefully as all the natural resources are limited. Also, proper management ensures the availability of these resources for us today and for future generations tomorrow.

Sectors Affected by Depletion of Natural Resources

The depletion of natural resources poses a potential threat on a global level, depletion of resources like water and fossil fuels may lead to a severe shortage of water and fuel sources, but the immediate effect of overexploitation is widely suffered by the population established near the resource. Some of the most common examples of sectors affected by lack of sustainable management include the stakeholders and the wildlife of the nearby area. These are briefly explained below.  

What are Stakeholders?

They are the individuals and the parties having a binding interest in an asset. The stakeholders are,

Locals - Who live around the forests and frequently depend on forest products.

The Forest Department - A government body that looks after the forest.

Industrialists - They take raw materials to run their industries.

Wildlife and Natural Enthusiasts - Those who need to conserve forests.

The stakeholders generally depend directly or indirectly on the natural resources for their livelihood, the lack of sustainable management, in turn, leads to overexploitation and scarcity of the resources. 

Wildlife refers to living beings as a combination of plants, animals, and microorganisms found in natural habitats, which are neither domesticated nor cultivated. It is threatened because of a high degree of exploitation and human interference like-

Overexploitation

Habitat destruction

Lack of proper management techniques leads to the disruption of the ecological balance of the environment. 

In conclusion of the article, we have learnt about natural resource management and its importance. 

FAQs on Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

1. Explain Wildlife Conservation and Its Methods?

It is the practice of sustainable management of natural resources, protecting wild species and their habitats to prevent species from going extinct. Major threats to wildlife include destruction/degradation/fragmentation, habitat, overexploitation, poaching, climate change, and pollution. Conservation can be done by following the below methods:

National Park - A protected area where cultivation, grazing, hunting, and more are not allowed. For example, Jim Corbett National Park.

Sanctuaries - These are the protected areas where except hunting, all other activities are allowed.

Biosphere Reserve - A protected area meant for wildlife conservation, tribals, and their domesticated animals.

Protection through Legislation - There are a number of wildlife acts like IBWL ( Indian Board of Wild Life) - 1952, Wildlife Protection Act - 1972, MAB (Man And Biosphere Programme) - 1971, Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) - 1976.

2. Explain the Water Harvesting and Benefits of it?

It is a method of capturing, collection, and storage of rainwater and surface runoff for filling either small bodies or recharging groundwater. The benefits of water harvesting are described as:

This method lessens the chances of flooding during the rainy season. 

It ensures water availability. 

The groundwater is regularly recharged.

Biology • Class 10

Assignment - Management Of Natural Resources, Class 10, Science PDF Download

Fill IN THE BLANKS

1. In .................. strategy for saving the environment, things are used again and again.

2. The management of .................. resources requires a long term perspective.

3. .................. are 'biodiversity hotspots'.

4. .................. leaves are used to make bidies.

5. Forests are source of .................. materials for many industries.

6. .................. is basic necessity for all terrestrial forms of life.

7. Rains in India are largely due to ..................

8. Watershed .................. emphasises scientific soil and water conservation and tends to increase the biomass production.

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Name few alternative sources of energy other than conventional fossil fuels.

2. Name few inexhaustible natural resources.

3. What is energy ?

4. Define deforestation.

5. List some causes of extinction of wild life.

6. Define sustainable development.

7. What do you mean by rainwater harvesting ?

8. Give the term for rational utilization of land and water resources for optimum utilization causing minimum damage to the natural resources ?

9. List the causes of displacement of people.

10. What are environmental ethics ?

Short Answer Questions

1. What are three R's to save the environment ?

2. Why do we need to manage our resources ?

3. Write the uses of forests.

4. Who are the stakeholders of forests ?

5. Give few examples of people's participation in the management.

6. Write the uses of water.

7. How are the big dams useful ?

8. What is watershed management ?

​ Long answer questions

1. Write briefly about pollution in Ganga. What is Ganga Action Plan ?

2. Write an essay on forests and wildlife.

3. Describe the various methods of sustainable management of forests.

4. Write short notes on:

(B) Water harvesting

Fill in the blanks :

1. Reuse 2. Natural 3. Forests 4. Tendu

5. Raw 6. Water 7. Monsoons 8. Management

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Essay on Conservation of Natural Resources for Students and Children

500+ words essay on conservation of natural resources.

Natural resources are something that is occurring naturally on Earth. It forms an indispensable part of our lives. It comprises of air, water, sunlight, coal , petroleum, natural gas, fossil fuels, oil, etc. However, they are exploited by humans for economic gain. Natural resources are at depletion because of the overuse. Some of these resources are available in abundance with the capability to renew. On the other hand, some are non-renewable . Thus, it demands a responsible behavior for the conservation so as to ensure their sustainability.

Why Conserve Natural Resources?

Human beings depend upon the natural resources for their development activities. If the resources are not used wisely, it would create an imbalance in the environment. Thus would head us in opposition to an eco-friendly atmosphere. The need for conservation arises from the significance of natural resources. It is as follows-

• Water is a renewable natural resource . We use it for drinking, producing electricity, irrigation, in various industries and for a number of activities. Its scarcity would cause loss of vegetation, adverse effect on flora and fauna, erosion of soil, etc.
• Plants and animals provide a wide range of industrial and biological materials. Also, it assists in the manufacturing of medicine and for various other uses.
• It takes millions of years for the formation of natural resources.
• Fossil fuels are of great importance. A lot of energy is produced from coal, oil and natural gas all of which are fossil fuels.
• Forest is the most important natural resource which helps in economic development . Forest provides paper, furniture, timber, medicine, gum, etc. Also, it maintains a balance in the ecosystem. Moreover, it prevents soil erosion and protects wildlife.
• Land resources support natural vegetation, wildlife, transport. The land also provides us food, cloth, shelter, and other basic needs.

Get the huge list of more than 500 Essay Topics and Ideas

Ways to Conserve Natural Resources

Different ministries of the Government, national and international agencies have been working for the purpose of conserving the natural resources .

• Environment education must be imparted by including the same in the curricula of the schools.
• National Parks are making an effort for the safety of the natural resources.
• By reducing, reusing and recycling of non-renewable resources.
• Non-human species must be disturbed only to meet the basic needs.
• Planting of more and more trees to save our forest resources.
• Seeking alternatives to non-renewable resources.
• By increased use of bio-gas and bio-fuels.
• By preventing the dumping of industrial wastes into the river bodies. This is a measure to protect the rich marine life.
• Overgrazing must be prevented. Also, poaching of animals must be controlled.
• Practicing crop rotation techniques helps in maintaining the fertility of the soil.
• Burning of fossil fuels emits carbon-di-oxide which is a major greenhouse gas. It is responsible for the greenhouse effect. Thus, the burning of fossil fuels must be controlled.

These are some of the measures which we can undertake for the conservation of natural resources. As Human- beings, we have a social responsibility to fulfill towards nature. Thus, while using resources, we shall follow the principle of sustainable development.

Natural resources are a present for the creation. These help in satisfying the human needs to its fullest. Furthermore, the rational use of natural resources maintains the earth’s atmosphere. Also, the wise use leads to protection of bio-diversity. Humans cannot imagine their lives without natural resources. Thus, the conservation of the same is essential.

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Natural Resources

Natural resources occur by natural means within environments that exist relatively undisturbed simply by humanity, in an all-natural form. A natural resource is usually characterized by variety of biodiversity and geodiversity existent in a variety of ecosystems. Natural resources are produced from the environment. Natural resources are supplies and components that may be found within environmental surroundings. Every man-made product comprises natural resources.

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Assignments Class 10 Science Management of Natural Resources

Please refer to Assignments Class 10 Science Management of Natural Resources Chapter 16 with solved questions and answers. We have provided Class 10 Science Assignments for all chapters on our website. These problems and solutions for Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Science have been prepared as per the latest syllabus and books issued for the current academic year. Learn these solved important questions to get more marks in your class tests and examinations.

Management of Natural Resources Assignments Class 10 Science

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. What are 3 R’s used to save environment? Answer :  Reduce, Recycle and Reuse.

Question. Why fossil fuels should be used judiciously? Answer :  It is because these resources are limited, non-renewable and polluting.

Question. Name the gas responsible for global warming. Answer :  Carbon dioxide and methane.

Question. Name two dam projects which are facing criticism. Answer :  Tehri dam on river Ganga and Sardar Sarovar dam on river Narmada.

Question. What is a natural resource? Answer :  All the material we obtain from nature and use it is called natural resource.

Question. Name two important natural resources. Answer :  Forest, Water, Wildlife.

Question. List two advantages of building dams. Answer:  Two advantages of building dams are : (i) It helps in irrigation. (ii) It helps to generate electricity.

Question. “Reuse is better than recycling of materials”. Give reason to justify this statement. Answer: Reuse is better than recycling because the process of reuse does not require any energy as in the case of recycling. The reuse strategy comprises using things again and again. For example, used envelops can be used again to make notes.

Question. What are natural resources? State two factors that work against an equitable distribution of these resources.  Answer: Natural resources are the resources obtained from nature and are being exploited for meeting human requirements.

Question. List two items which can be easily recycled, but we generally throw them in the dust-bins. Answer: Newspapers and tin cans are the two items that can be easily recycled.

Question. List two problems that may arise by planting trees of single variety over vast tracts of forest. Answer: Two major problems that may arise by planting trees of single variety over a vast tract of forest are (i) Loss of biodiversity (ii) Varied need of the local people will not be fulfilled.

Question. “We need to manage our resources.” List two reasons to justify this statement.  Answer: We need to manage our natural resources because (i) the resources of the Earth are limited and (ii) the proper management of our resources ensures their equitable distribution.

Question. List four stakeholders which may be helpful in the conservation of forests. Answer: Major stakeholders of forest resources are: (i) Local people (ii) The Forest department of the Government (iii) The Industrialists (iv) The nature and wildlife enthusiasts

Question. What are the products formed when coal and petroleum are burnt? Answer :  Carbon dioxide, water, oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Why must we conserve our forests? List two factors responsible for causing deforestation. Answer: We must conserve our forests as they are useful resources. Forests are useful to us in many ways: (i) They provide living places (natural habitats), shelter, protection and food to our wildlife. (ii) They provide timber for making furniture, houses, boats and other useful things of daily use. (iii) They provide raw materials for paper, rayon and many other industries. (iv) They are the rich source of many other things like honey, lac, medicines, dyes, katha, sandalwood, spices etc. (v) They help in maintaining a balance of gases like CO2 and O2 in the atmosphere, etc. Two main reasons for deforestation are as follows: (i) Indiscriminate felling of trees for the purpose of timber, fuel and industrial demand of wood, building dams, etc. (ii) Over-grazing by a large livestock population.

Question. What is sustainable development? State its two main objectives. Answer: Sustainable development can be defined as management of available resources and development of new techniques for use of natural resources to meet the changing basic human needs, at the same time preserving the resources for the need of future generations. The two main objectives of sustainable development are: (i) To reduce the dependence on the conventional sources and adopt non-conventional sources of energy. (ii) Evolving new technology and conserving natural resources.

Question. (a) Why do we need to manage our resources carefully? (b) Why management of natural resources requires a long term perspective? Answer: (a) : The resources of Earth are limited and their demand is increasing day by day with ever growing population. So, we have to avoid their wastage and should properly manage, conserve and replenish our natural resources. (b) Management of natural resources requires a long term perspective so that they can last for generations to come and may not be merely exploited for short term gains.

Question. What is meant by ‘‘sustainable management’’? Why is reuse considered better than recycling? Answer: Sustainable management means managing the use of natural resources in a way that they fulfill the needs of present generation and are also conserved for future generations. Reuse is considered better than recycling because reusing products reduces the amount of waste and saves energy needed to recycle it.

Question. Everyone of us can do something to reduce our personal consumption of various natural resources. List four such activities based on 3-R approach. Answer: Activities which can reduce consumption of natural resources are as follows: (i) If we take public transport instead of private transport to travel to our destinations then we can help reduce the use of fossil fuels. (ii) Reusing the water used for washing vegetables, to water plants in the garden can help in saving water. (iii) Repairing and reusing old mobiles, televisions, etc., help reduce consumption of natural resources. (iv) Promoting the use of furniture made of metals, fabrics, etc., instead of wood can help reduce the cutting of trees for making such items.

Question. Why is sustainable management of natural resources necessary? Out of the two-reuse and recycle-which, in your opinion is better to practise? Give reason. Answer: Sustainable management of natural resources is necessary because : (i) The resources of the Earth are limited and because of the rapid increase in human population, the demand for resources is increasing day by day. Proper management can ensure that the natural resources are used judiciously so that they fulfil the needs of present generation and also last for the generations to come. (ii) It also takes into consideration long-term perspective and prevents exploitation of natural resources for short-term gains. The process of ‘reuse’ is better than that of ‘recycling’ because some energy is used to recycle old objects but no energy is required during reuse.

Question. Management of forest and wild life resources is a very challenging task. Why? Give any two reasons.  Answer: Management of the forest and wildlife resources is considered as a challenging task as there are many stakeholders of forest. These stakeholders are directly or indirectly involved in forest and wildlife resources. These stakeholders are : (i) The people who live in or around forests and are dependent on forest products for various aspects of their lives. (ii) The industrialists who use various forest products and the wildlife enthusiasts who want to conserve the forest and wildlife. (iii) The Forest Department of the Government which owns the land and controls the resources from forests. Maintaining the interest of all the stakeholders is a challenging task as (i) Due to industrialisation and urbanisation forest resources are depleting. (ii) There are profit makers who want to make money from this resource.

Question. What is meant by three types of ‘R’ (3-Rs) to save the environment? Explain with examples how would you follow the 3-Rs in your school to save the environment.  Answer: 3-Rs to save the environment are reduce, recycle and reuse. For sustainable use of resources, the three Rs can be practised in school in following ways : Reduce : Switching of unnecessary lights and fans when not in use, avoiding wastage of food, closing of over flowing taps. Recycle : Students should segregate the wastes generated in classroom and should discard them in separate dustbins for their proper disposal. Reuse : Certain items can be reused like old books should not be thrown instead can be given to junior students for their use.

Question. Write two advantages of sustainable management of natural resources. Out of the two – reuse and recycle – which is better and why?  Answer:  Two advantages of sustainable management of natural resources are : (i) It avoids wasteful use of natural resources and (ii) Benefits of the resources are conserved for present as well as future generations. Of the two, reuse and recycle, reuse is better because reusing an item helps to conserve energy that may be required to recycle it.

Question. What is meant by wildlife? How is it important for us?  Answer: Life in any form (plants or animals), which exists in its natural habitat is called wildlife. Wildlife is very important for us, as it provides ecological stability by maintaining the food chain. Wildlife is important to us in following ways: (i) Wildlife is a renewable source of large variety of commercial products like food, fur, lac, musk, leather, feather, ivory, timber, fibre, fodder, fuel, medicines, etc., which can be used from time to time. (ii) Wildlife is considered as gene bank, which can be used for producing high yielding plants and animals through the process of selection and hybridisation. (iii) The wildlife can be used commercially to earn money through tourism (jungle safari, etc.) as it provides best means of sports and recreation.

Question. State two advantages of conserving (i) forests, and (ii) wildlife.  Answer:  Two advantages of conserving forests and wildlife are : (i) Forests (a) Forests provide us a number of valuable goods i.e., wood, spices, rubber, etc. (b) Forests help to reduce atmospheric pollution. They absorb CO2, collect suspended particles and reduce noise. (ii) Wildlife (a) Wildlife helps to maintain ecological balance of nature. (b) Wild animals are a source of valuable products like ivory, honey, musk, etc.

Question. Explain giving example where active involvement of local people lead to effcient management of forest.  Answer: Active participation of public and their support must be generated in order to conserve our forests and wildlife to achieve the real goal of ecodevelopment. An example of public participation in conservation of forest and wildlife is the case of the Bishnoi Community in Rajasthan. In 1731, Amrita Devi Bishnoi sacrifficed her life along with 363 others for the protection of ‘Khejri’ trees in Khejrali village near Jodhpur in Rajasthan.

Question. ‘‘What was Chipko Andolan’’? How did this Andolan ultimately benefit the local people and the environment? Answer: The Chipko Andolan (tree hugging movement) is an example of the contribution of common people towards the conservation of forests. The Chipko Andolan originated from an incidence in a remote village of Garhwal, high up in the Himalayas in the early 1970s. A logging contractor had been allowed to cut down trees in a forest close to a village. The people of the village did not want this forest to be cleared because it would spoil their healthy environment. One day, when the men folk of the village were out for work, the contractor’s workers came in the forest to cut down the trees. In the absence of men, the women of the village reached the forest quickly and clasped the tree trunks with their arms, preventing the workers from cutting them down. The forest trees were thus saved. The Chipko movement quickly spread across all the communities and helped in the conservation of forests thereby contributing to the service of mankind. Both local people and environment were benefitted due to conservation of food, fooder, fuel fibre and fertiliser trees.

Question. Forests are ‘‘biodiversity hotspots’’. Justify this statement. Answer: Forests are reservoirs of diversity. They contain different species of plants, animals and all sorts of living organisms. Forests are also under severe threat due to habitat loss, climate change and extensive species loss. Hence, they are considered as biodiversity hotspots.

Question. List four causes of damage to forests. Answer: Four causes of damage to forests are: (i) Increasing human population necessitates the expansion of human habilitation which requires clearing of forests to make more land available for residential purposes. (ii) Rapid industrialisation also mandates setting up of new factories. Land for factory set up is also made available by clearing forests. (iii) Ever increasing human population increases the demand of fresh supply of wooden furniture and other items for which trees are cut. (iv) Forest fres resulting from mishandling of inflammable objects, left unattended campfire, negligently discarded cigarettes etc., by humans causes damage to forests on a large scale.

Question. How do advantages of exploiting natural resources with short term gains in mind differ from the advantages of managing our resources with a long-term perspective? Answer:  The advantages of exploiting resources with short term aim is to meet the immediate basic human needs. Short term exploitation of natural resources meets the current demand. It is beneficial for the present generation only whereas management of resources with long term perspective is aimed to fulffil the needs of future generations. Long term use of resources can be achieved through their sustainable use.

Question. What is biodiversity? What will happen if biodiversity of an area is not preserved? Answer: Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of living organisms on Earth or in a particular habitat. Biodiversity forms the foundation of the vast array of ecosystem services (pollination, food, timber, spices, etc.) that critically contribute to human well being. Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, has an important role to play. Hence, biodiversity is required for maintaining ecological balance. Loss of biodiversity will disturb ecological balance and create an ecological imbalance. Moreover it will deprive humans of some important ecological services.

Question. List two criteria of measuring the biodiversity of an area.  Answer: The basic criteria of measuring the biodiversity of an area are: (i) The presence of varied number of organisms and the type of ecosystem present in the area. (ii) Indicator organisms are also a measure of biodiversity.

Question. Monoculture of a particular type of tree is no substitute for natural forests. List two reasons to justify this statement.  Answer: Monoculture of few plants is useful for few industries. It is a source of earning for the forest department only but leads to loss of biodiversity and also varied needs of villagers and local people cannot be met. Hence, it cannot be a substitute of natural forest.

Question. What is ‘Chipko movement”? Why should we conserve forests? Answer: Chipko movement was started by women to stop the felling of forest trees of their area. These women literally clasped the tree trunks to prevent the workers of the contractor to cut the trees. It was started in early 1970s in village Reni in Garhwal district of Uttarakhand. Forests are important renewable natural resources dominated mainly by trees. They are essential for ecological balance of all ecosystems. They maintain biological diversity, regulate water cycle, prevent soil erosion and foods, recharge water table, etc. We obtain many useful products like wood, food, drugs etc., from forests. Thus, conservation of forests is utmost important.

Question. Water is a valuable resource. List two ways that you would suggest every family member to save this resource.  Answer: Water is a valuable resource and to save this resource two suggestive methods are : (i) Preventing wastage of water, in household by turning of tap when not in use while brushing, shaving, etc., and in public places. (ii) Promoting reusing water like water, used for washing vegetables can be reused for watering garden plants.

Question. What is watershed management system? List two benefits derived by the communities that participate in this system. Answer: Watershed management emphasises scientiffic soil and water conservation in order to increase the biomass production. The aim is to develop primary resources of land and water so that they can be used to produce secondary resources of plants and animals without causing the ecological imbalance. Benefits derived from watershed management are: (i) It identifies degraded area of land and emphasises the need of the improvement of quality and quantity of clean water to the local community and thus ensures their participation. (ii) Construction of a series of long trenches and mounds to hold rain water and allow it to percolate into the ground, thus increasing the ground water.

Question. List two causes of pollution of river Ganga. Answer: The two causes of pollution of river Ganga are : (i) Increasing human activities like bathing, washing clothes, bathing of animals, in river water. (ii) Dumping of industrial wastes and ashes of corpses which are cremated in the water of river Ganga.

Question. Why do we need to use our resources carefully? Answer :  It is because these resources are limited and the human population is increasing at very fast rate, the demand for these resources is increasing. For long term usage and to preserve them we need to use our resources carefully.

Question. For the conservation of forest who can be a stakeholder. Answer :  (i) The people who live in or around forest. (ii) The forest department of the government. (iii) The industrialists. (iv) The wildlife and nature enthusiasts who want to conserve nature.

Question. List four changes you would incorporate in your life style in a move towards sustainable use of available resources  Answer :  (i) Taking a bus, using cycle or walking. (ii) Using CFL at home and switching off lights when not required. (iii) Using the stairs instead of lift. (iv) Wearing an extra sweater on cold days instead of encouraging the use of heaters.

Question. Prejudice against the traditional use of forest areas has no basis. Comment. Answer :  It can be explained with one example—The great Himalayan Park contain alpine meadows which were grazed by sheep in summer. Nomadic shepherds drove their flock up from the valley every summer. When the National Park was formed this practice was banned. Because of no grazing, the grass first grew very tall and then fell over on the ground preventing fresh growth. Hence the traditional use was helpful for the forest maintenance.

Question. Why is it necessary to conserve forest and wildlife? Answer :  To preserve forest, maintain balance in the eco-system, prevent floods, droughts.

Question. Inspite of plenty rainfall in monsoon in some areas of India, there is failure to sustain water availability. Give reasons. Answer :  (i) Loss of forest cover prevents rainwater from seeping down the ground. (ii) Underground water is not recharged.

Question. What are three basic cause that has brought criticisms about large dams projects? Answer :  (i) Social problem—as its construction displaces large number of tribals and local peasants without proper compensation and rehabilitation. (ii) Economic problem—such projects need lot of money for the setup or construction without much of out-put or benefit. (iii) Environmental problem—the construction causes deforestration and loss of biological diversity.

Question. What is water harvesting? What is the main purpose of water harvesting? Answer :  Rain water harvesting is collecting the rain water, allowing it to percolate, discharge down the earth and increase the ground water level. It is done to manage water.

Question. Name the products of combustion of coal and petroleum. How do they effect our environment? Answer :  CO 2 , H 2 O, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen are released from the combustion of coal and petroleum. Effect on environment: (i) CO2 — Green house effect, global warming. (ii) Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen causes acid rain.

Question. A tribe is living near the forest. Name two things which they will commonly use from forest. Answer :  Tribe will use timber, firewood, fruits, gum, medicines from the forest.

Question. Give an example of people’s participation in the management of forests. Answer :  Saving of sal forest of Arabari in Midnapore District. Chipko Movement to protect the trees from cutting down in Reni village Garhwal.

Question. Write two advantages of classifying sources as renewable and non-renewable. Answer :  Classification of resources helps us in deciding the kind of resource we should use judiciously and wisely. The resource that is not limited. It also helps us to know the importance of using renewable source of energy.

Question. Which is better—recycle or reuse? Give example. Answer :  Reuse is better because recycling needs extra energy. E.g., the glass containers in which we get jam, pickles etc., can be reused at home to keep kitchen stuff but if it goes for recycling then lot of energy and money is spent on recycling it and getting a new bottle.

Question. Name two industries based on forest produce. Answer :  Paper industries, bamboo, bidi and tendu leaves industries.

Question. What are the advantages of water stored in ground? Answer :  (i) Does not evaporate. (ii) Recharges wells. (iii) No danger of mosquito breeding. (iv) Better availability of potable water.

Question. How does mining cause pollution? Answer :  Mining causes pollution because if produces large amount of slag which is discarded for every tonne of metal that is extracted.

Question. Why are forests called as biodiversity hot spots? Answer :  Biodiversity hot-spot means a place where large number of species are found. The range of different life forms i.e., bacteria, fungi, ferns, flowering plants, variety of animals likes, insects, birds, reptiles, aves, mammals etc are all found in the forest.

Question. Give three main uses of fossil fuels. Answer :  (a) Fossil fuels are used for generating electricity i.e., Coal is used in thermal power plants on large scale to produce electricity. (b) Coal and petroleum is also used in industries to prepare goods from raw-materials. (c) Petroleum is used for transportation. In vehicles petrol or diesel is used.

Question. List two traditional system of water harvesting. [CBSE 2008 F] Answer :  Khadim, tanks and nadis in Rajasthan, bandharas and tals in Maharashtra.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. Today we encounter the problem of water shortage, although it rains well in rainy season. ‘Khushi society’ has made a provision of rainwater harvesting. (a) Suggest two methods of rain water harvesting. (b) How can you store water without any water-borne diseases and germs multiplying in it? (c) What values are seen in the members of society? Answer :  (a) Roof top and underground rain water harvesting. (b) In close tanks and underground tanks. (c) Members show responsible behaviour, socially just interaction and team work.

Question. Find out about the traditional systems of water harvesting/management in your region. Answer :  The traditional systems of water harvesting management: • Bandharas and tals in Maharashtra • Bundhis in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh • Kulhs in Himachal Pradesh • Khadins, tanks and nadis in Rajasthan. • Ahars and pynes in Bihar.

Question. Compare the above system with the probable systems in hilly/mountainous areas or plains or plateau regions. Answer :  Water harvesting system in hilly and mountainous areas is different from plains and from plateau region. For e.g., in hilly areas like Himachal Pradesh a local system of irrigation was developed called kulhs. The water flowing in the streams was diverted into man-made channels which took this water to numerous villages down the hillside. Whereas water in plains is collected in check dams or tanks, tals or bundhis.

Question. Find out the source of water in your region/locality. Is water from this source available to all people living in that area? Answer :  The source of water in our region is municipality supply of water and from under ground i.e. ground water. There is scarcity of water during summer season and most people don’t have access to water.

Question. How can you as an individual contribute or make a difference to the management of (a) forests and wildlife, (b) water resources and (c) coal and petroleum? Answer :  (a) Forests and wildlife: Use less paper, do not waste paper, as trees are cut down to make it. Do not buy any animal products which are made by killing them like fur, skin, tusk, horn etc. (b) Water resources: Use buckets to take bath instead of shower. Recycle the water from washing machine for toilets use. (c) Coal and petroleum: Use public transport or use the transport that uses CNG. Switch off lights, minimise the use of air-conditioner, room heater etc.

Question. What can you as an individual do to reduce your consumption of the various natural resources? Answer :  By following 3 R’s (a) Reduce: Reduce or minimise the use of resources, by saving electricity by switching off unnecessary lights and fans etc. and by walking whenever possible. (b) Recycle: Collect and recycle the products like plastic, paper, glass and metal. (c) Reuse: It is better than recycle. Instead of throwing used envelopes. We can reverse it and use it again. The plastic and glass containers, bottles can be reused.

Question. List five things you have done over the last one week to: (a) Conserve our natural resources. (b) Increase the pressure on our natural resources. Answer :  (a) To conserve our natural resources: I preferred walking to the nearby places or cycling instead of going by a car. Switched off lights when not required. Minimised the use of water and checked the extra flow of water. (b) Increase the pressure on our natural resources: I used air conditioner. Shopped for new clothes.

Question. On the basis of the issues raised in this chapter, what changes would you incorporate in your life style in a move towards a sustainable use of our resources? Answer :  To save various resources. I would follow 3R’s reduce, reuse and recycle. Minimize the use of coal and petroleum switch over to CNG and use electrical equipments at the minimum. Do not waste paper and water. I will not buy goods made by killing animals like fur, leather, tusk, etc.

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Biden-Harris Administration Finalizes Strategy to Guide Balanced Management, Conservation of Public Lands

Public Lands Rule will help conserve wildlife habitat, restore places impacted by wildfire and drought, expand outdoor recreation, and guide thoughtful development  

Date: Thursday, April 18, 2024 Contact:  [email protected]

WASHINGTON — The Department of the Interior today announced a final rule to help guide the balanced management of America’s public lands. The final Public Lands Rule provides tools for the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to help improve the health and resilience of public lands in the face of a changing climate; conserve important wildlife habitat and intact landscapes; facilitate responsible development; and better recognize unique cultural and natural resources on public lands. 

The Public Lands Rule builds on historic investments in public lands, waters and clean energy deployment provided by President Biden’s Investing in America agenda , which recognizes the critical value of our public lands to all Americans . It also complements the President’s America the Beautiful initiative, a 10-year, locally led and nationally scaled effort to protect, conserve, connect and restore the lands, waters and wildlife upon which we all depend. 

Building on decades of land management experience and emphasizing the use of science and data, including Indigenous Knowledge, to guide balanced decision-making, the rule applies the existing fundamentals of land health across BLM programs, establishes restoration and mitigation leases, and clarifies practices to designate and protect Areas of Critical Environmental Concern (ACECs). The rule will help to ensure the BLM continues to protect land health while managing other uses of the public lands, such as clean energy development and outdoor recreation. 

“As stewards of America’s public lands, the Interior Department takes seriously our role in helping bolster landscape resilience in the face of worsening climate impacts. Today’s final rule helps restore balance to our public lands as we continue using the best-available science to restore habitats, guide strategic and responsible development, and sustain our public lands for generations to come,” said Secretary Deb Haaland. “Complemented with historic investments from President Biden’s Investing in America agenda, we are implementing enduring changes that will benefit wildlife, communities and habitats.” 

“America’s public lands are our national treasures and need to be managed and made resilient for future generations of Americans,” said John Podesta, Senior Advisor to the President for International Climate Policy. “Today’s final rule from the Department of the Interior is a huge win for ensuring balance on our public lands, helping them withstand the challenges of climate change and environmental threats like invasive species, and making sure they continue to provide services to the American people for decades to come.” 

“The Interior Department is ensuring our public lands are managed with an eye to future generations, complementing President Biden’s ambitious conservation agenda,” said White House Council on Environmental Quality Chair Brenda Mallory. “From the most rugged backcountry spots to popular close-to-home recreation areas, these reforms will help deliver cleaner water, healthier lands, abundant wildlife, and more recreation opportunities for all of us.” 

The final rule comes amid growing pressures and historic challenges facing land managers. The impacts of climate change—including prolonged drought, increasing wildfires, and an influx of invasive species—pose increasing risks to communities, wildlife and ecosystems. The Public Lands Rule will help the BLM navigate changing conditions on the ground, while helping public lands continue to serve as economic drivers across the West.

“The BLM received and considered over 200,000 comments on the proposed rule from individuals, state, Tribal and local governments, industry groups and advocacy organizations, which led to important improvements in this final rule,” said Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Land and Minerals Management Dr. Steve Feldgus . “Continued broad collaboration with this diverse group of partners will be key to our implementation of this rule to ensure that our public lands are being managed for all Americans.” 

“Our public lands provide wildlife habitat and clean water, the energy that lights our homes, the wood we build with, and the places where we make family memories,” said BLM Director Tracy Stone-Manning . “This rule honors our obligation to current and future generations to help ensure our public lands and waters remain healthy amid growing pressures and change.” 

The final rule clarifies and refines concepts first proposed in April 2023 . The BLM provided a 90-day comment period on this rule, holding five public meetings and receiving over 200,000 comments, the vast majority of which supported the effort. In response to the substantive comments received, the BLM clarified and refined concepts laid out in the proposed rule. 

The final rule:

• Directs BLM to manage for landscape health. Successful public land management that delivers natural resources, wildlife habitat and clean water requires a thorough understanding of the health and condition of the landscape, especially as conditions shift on the ground due to climate change. To help sustain the health of our lands and waters, the rule directs the BLM to manage public land uses in accordance with the fundamentals of land health, which will help watersheds support soils, plants, and water; ecosystems provide healthy populations and communities of plants and animals; and wildlife habitats on public lands protect threatened and endangered species consistent with the multiple use and sustained yield framework.  
• Provides a mechanism for restoring and protecting our public lands through restoration and mitigation leases. Restoration leases provide greater clarity for the BLM to work with appropriate partners to restore degraded lands. Mitigation leases will provide a clear and consistent mechanism for developers to offset their impacts by investing in land health elsewhere on public lands, like they currently can on state and private lands. The final rule clarifies who can obtain a restoration or mitigation lease, limiting potential lessees to qualified individuals, businesses, non-governmental organizations, Tribal governments, conservation districts, or state fish and wildlife agencies. Restoration and mitigation leases will not be issued if they would conflict with existing authorized uses. 
• Clarifies the designation and management of ACECs. The final rule provides greater detail about how the BLM will continue to follow the direction in the Federal Land Policy and Management Act to prioritize the designation and protection of ACECs. Following public comments, the final rule clarifies how BLM consideration of new ACEC nominations and temporary management options does not interfere with the BLM’s discretion to continue advancing pending project applications.

The Public Lands Rule complements the BLM’s recently announced final Renewable Energy Rule , providing consistent direction and new tools for mitigation, helping advance the efficient and environmentally responsible development of renewable energy on BLM-managed public lands, providing greater clarity and consistency in permitting, and allowing for the continued acceleration of project reviews and approvals, while managing public lands under the principles of multiple use and sustained yield.

The final rule will publish in the Federal Register in the coming days. 

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How Burnout Became Normal — and How to Push Back Against It

• Kandi Wiens

Seven strategies to get back to a healthy baseline.

Slowly but steadily, while we’ve been preoccupied with trying to meet demands that outstrip our resources, grappling with unfair treatment, or watching our working hours encroach upon our downtime, burnout has become the new baseline in many work environments. From the 40% of Gen Z workers who believe burnout is an inevitable part of success, to executives who believe high-pressure, “trial-by-fire” assignments are a required rite of passage, to toxic hustle culture that pushes busyness as a badge of honor, too many of us now expect to feel overwhelmed, over-stressed, and eventually burned out at work. When pressures are mounting and your work environment continues to be stressful, it’s all the more important to take proactive steps to return to your personal sweet spot of stress and remain there as long as you can. The author presents several strategies.

If we’re exposed to something repeatedly, it seems we can become desensitized to almost anything. An event that once evoked shock can come to seem routine; what once prompted alarm can eventually inspire no more than a shrug.

• Kandi Wiens , EdD, is a senior fellow at the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education and the author of the book Burnout Immunity : How Emotional Intelligence Can Help You Build Resilience and Heal Your Relationship with Work (HarperCollins, 2024). A nationally known researcher and speaker on burnout, emotional intelligence, and resilience, she developed the Burnout Quiz to help people understand if they’re at risk of burning out.

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