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Essay on Role of Women in Society | Role of Women in Society Essay for Students and Children in English

March 13, 2023 by Prasanna

Essay on Role of Women in Society: Women are equally important in society as men are. They are the backbone for a progressing nation. Demographically, half a population of the country constitutes women, and they deserve equal importance and rights in society.

From keeping the home safe and clean to portraying excellent outcomes in the workplace, a woman can do it all. Their capabilities must not be underestimated based on their gender, and they should be given equal opportunity to display their talents. It is essential for us to know the status of women in our society, and therefore, we have compiled some extended, short, and ten lines essay on the role of women in society.

You can read more  Essay Writing  about articles, events, people, sports, technology many more.

Long and Short Essays on Role of Women in Society for Students and Kids in English

Given below is a Role of Women in Society essay of 400-500 words and is suitable for the students of standards 7, 8, 9, and 10 and a short piece of nearly 100-150 words for the students of standard 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

Long Essay on Role of Women in Society 500 words in English

In the middle age, people had only one notion about the woman; that is, they were born to control the household chores and manage the children. But in today’s world, women empowerment has taken place which has opened new doors for the women to thrive and shine.

In the rural regions, the girls have started going to school, which is positively affecting the literacy rate in India and is taking the country in the forward direction. Campaigns are held all over the country to spread awareness about woman literacy.

In addition to literacy, personal health and hygiene are other issues that woman staying in the rural region have very less idea about. Women hold awareness programmes and free sanitary napkins are distributed amongst them. Such a programme is organised to remove a general taboo about the menstrual cycle.

Besides managing household works, women are also engaging themselves in the service sector like banks, hospitals, airlines, schools and every other possible work field as well as they have started showing interest in setting up their own business. Not to mention, they are providing excellent outcomes in their respective areas. In the world of sports, women have set up milestones for men to achieve.

Personalities like PV Sindhu and Saina Nehwal are idols. We must not limit or try to limit the role of women in society to be a homemaker or a mother because they are capable of doing so much more. The women who are homemakers are an essential member of the family who is responsible for managing the home, cooking, cleaning, doing the dishes, taking care of the elders and the kids.

Still, the saddest part is at times their efforts are overlooked, and they are never praised for the things they do. People assume these works as their duties and consider them to be a free servant. This outlook needs to change, and people should understand that she might even need some help in doing the works and she is not free labour, whatever she does is out of love and love only.

To conclude, women should be encouraged to do something out of the household works, and if they already want to work in offices to earn for themselves, no one should stop them. They are an individual identity who have full freedom of doing anything that they think is the best for them.

Short Essay on Role of Women in Society 150 words in English

In the modern world, women are progressing. The social and economic status of the women have soared to height, and they are no longer confined within the boundaries of the four walls. They are playing the roles of a working woman, an efficient homemaker, and a proud mother and daughter.

Earlier women were only associated with taking care of the household and babies. But nowadays, they are engaging in work fields to explore their inner talents and also to become independent and earn for themselves. They are one of the main reason behind the progress of the nation who makes our daily lives easy and the country proud.

10 Lines on Essay on Role of Women in Society in English

• A woman should be given equal opportunities economically and socially.
• They must be respected and never underestimated on the ground that they are women.
• Schooling should be made available for the girls in the rural area.
• Awareness must be spread on the topic of sanitary health and hygiene.
• Their choice and perspective must be looked upon on as they are great leaders.
• During the middle ages, the women’s position in the society became inferior as compared to men, and the condition of the women deteriorated.
• The women should be given freedom in whatever she does and should not be confined within four walls of the house.
• Women should be headstrong and believe in them. They must voice their option without any fear.
• People should start believing that motherhood is an option and the decision solely depends on a woman.
• We should remember the contribution of woman leaders and have a positive attitude towards woman controlling the government.

FAQ’s on Essay on Role of Women in Society

Question 1. Is there any importance of women’s perspective?

Answer: A woman does not only bring competition into the work field but also help in the collaboration of ideas and execute teamwork correctly. They help in bringing a perspective that values an open economy, modern, and social system.

Question 2. Name a few roles a woman plays in society and the family?

Answer: Some of the roles played by a woman in daily lives are as follows: a supportive daughter, wife, mother, an extraordinary co-worker who can manage a team very well, and many more. A woman has a versatile nature and is capable of doing everything a man can.

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The Role of Women in Today’s Society Essay

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Women throughout the ages have always played a pivotal role in the shaping of society, especially seen in the family set up as well as positions of leadership. Traditionally, women are considered as mothers, the agents of procreation as well as wives, who were to diligently be at the service of not only their husbands but also the whole society.

In today’s society, together with their traditional roles, women have shown high degrees of responsibility for not only their families but also for the wider society that is especially seen in political, social, scientific and many more fields (Bert, 2006).

With the rise of feminism ideals, women have sought to disentangle themselves from traditional values that have proven to sideline them from self-independence and actualization as women (Cook, 2006). This is seen in the capabilities of women that are emphasized such as being the backbone of developing the world economies.

But that does not mean that women cease to be women but rather as complementary of the malefactor. In most families where women have taken up an important role, that of supplementing their men in providing for the family through involvement in salaried jobs, such families flourish economically because there is no straining of the family financially which could have been realized if only the man were providing for the household (Bert, 2006).

Traditionally, men were regarded as family breadwinners; women were on the receiving end as homemakers. But this has greatly changed due to the economic times that call for a substantially good income to support families. In the leadership arena, quite several great women rulers stand out as good and successful leaders, one of the examples being that of the Margret Thatcher and the likes.

In today’s society, very many women have stood out as exemplary world leaders. Most of who have not ignored their roles at the family and society level. Though with powers, some of them have proven otherwise with the rise in divorce cases due to feminist ideals.

In the advent of the era characterized by divorces and single parenthood taking center stage, women are put in the limelight as the family breadwinners and as mothers too. Their roles have taken another turn because of this. This though has not been seen as a problem on their side because they have stood the test of time to prove that they indeed can manage (Cook, 2006).

When serving as family breadwinners and mothers at the same time, they get less involved with their children because most of the time they have to be out working, but they always tend to find time for their families which gives room for more bonding and developing good- mother-child relationships.

When they play the role of mothers in the family, they are the first child educators before a child seeks formal education, as wives, as the common analog states, ‘behind every successful man, is a woman,’ it is evident that the role of women in society calls for a lot, traditionally they were to stand by their husbands as homemakers and as mothers, a child’s success was attributed mainly to the mother (Cook, 2006).

Even though women have gotten involved much more in outdoor activities away from their spouses and children, their roles still stand and most of them once away from the office or their work stations, they are the diligent wives and mothers.

Bert, L. (2006). Women’s Rights: A Human Rights Quarterly Reader. Baltimore. The Johns Hopkins University Press

Cook, B. (2006). Women and War: A Historical Encyclopedia from Antiquity to the Present. ABC – CLIO.

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Essay on Role of Women in Society

Students are often asked to write an essay on Role of Women in Society in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Role of Women in Society

Introduction.

Women play a vital role in society. They are not only homemakers but also contributors to economic, social, and political development.

Economic Role

Women contribute to the economy, both in paid and unpaid work. They manage households and also participate in workforce, boosting the country’s economic growth.

Social Role

Women are the backbone of society. They shape and nurture the future generations, and play a pivotal role in societal harmony.

Political Role

Women in politics ensure representation of diverse perspectives. They help in making balanced and inclusive decisions.

250 Words Essay on Role of Women in Society

The role of women in society has been shifting significantly over the centuries, from a traditional focus on nurturing roles to a modern emphasis on participation in all spheres of life. This transformation has been driven by socio-economic changes, advancements in education, and the relentless fight for gender equality.

Economic Contributions

In the economic sphere, women have transcended the boundaries of domesticity to become key contributors. They are now CEOs, entrepreneurs, and professionals, driving economic growth and innovation. Their economic independence has shifted societal perceptions, emphasizing their capabilities beyond traditional roles.

Social and Political Influence

Socially, women have become vocal advocates for societal issues, championing causes such as environmental conservation, education, and health. Their empathetic and holistic approach to problem-solving has led to significant societal advancements. Politically, women’s representation has increased, influencing policy-making and contributing to a more balanced perspective in governance.

Challenges and Future Prospects

Despite these strides, challenges persist. Gender disparities in pay and representation, societal expectations, and gender-based violence are issues that women continue to grapple with. However, the future holds promise. As society continues to evolve, the role of women is expected to expand further, with increased opportunities for leadership and influence.

In conclusion, the role of women in society has evolved from traditional nurturing roles to active participation in economic, social, and political spheres. While challenges persist, the future holds promise for further expansion of women’s roles, contributing to a more balanced and equitable society.

500 Words Essay on Role of Women in Society

Historical perspective.

Historically, women were considered inferior to men and their primary roles were confined to childbearing and managing household chores. However, with the advent of industrialization and modernization, women began to step out of their homes to contribute to the family income. This shift was the first step towards the recognition of women as significant contributors to society.

In the current era, women have emerged as an essential part of the global economy. From being entrepreneurs and CEOs of multinational companies to working in various sectors such as technology, healthcare, and education, women have proven their mettle. They are not only contributing to the economy but are also driving growth and innovation.

Women’s participation in politics has increased significantly over the years. They are now occupying key positions in governments and international organizations. Their perspectives and leadership styles often bring a different approach to governance, emphasizing cooperation, inclusivity, and social welfare.

Challenges and the Way Forward

Despite these advancements, women still face numerous challenges such as gender-based violence, wage discrimination, and underrepresentation in leadership positions. Addressing these issues requires collective action and systemic changes. Education plays a pivotal role in this, as it not only empowers women but also fosters a society that values gender equality.

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How has the role of women changed over the last 50 years?

Women's representation in Congress and participation in the workforce has grown, but disparities still exist at home and elsewhere.

Updated on Thu, August 17, 2023 by the USAFacts Team

Societal structures change from generation to generation, leading to changes in the roles women play in politics and the workforce, and childrearing. But how has women's participation in different sectors of American society changed over the last 50 years?

Are more women serving in Congress?

In the past four decades, women’s representation in Congress has increased substantially. Women now make up a quarter of members of Congress, which is more than double the number who served in the 106th Congress of 1999 to 2001.

Women held 150 seats in the 117th Congress, which spanned January 3, 2021, to January 3, 2023, making up about 25% of Congress. Even though women’s participation in Congress is up 56% from a decade prior, to reach representation proportional with the population, that number would need to double.

Read more about women’s participation in Congress.

Has women’s participation in the workforce increased?

Women’s labor force participation rate grew from 34% in 1950 to 60% in 2000, and is expected to 0.7% per year through 2050. This figure, however, varies among different demographic groups.

Despite Congress passing the Equal Pay Act in 1963, a wage gap remains. In 2020, women earned 82 cents for every dollar earned by men, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics . Even with educational advancements and entry into higher-paying fields, women tend to be more represented in lower-paying sectors.

For instance, 77% of public elementary and secondary school teachers were women in the 2020–2021 school year.

Even though 95% of elementary, middle and high school teachers have a bachelor’s degree or higher, their pay was lower than that of their similarly educated peers. Average earnings were $53,800 for elementary and middle school teachers, and $57,840 for high school teachers. To compare, biological scientists earn $69,880, urban and regional planners earn $79,790, and statisticians earn $96,320.

Read about women’s income and teacher salary .

How do women balance work and childcare?

Data indicates that mothers are four times more likely than fathers to miss work due to childcare , a trend that has continued even as women’s increasing participation in the workforce. Issues such as paid parental leave complicate this picture. Although the Family and Medical Leave Act mandates a 12-week parental leave for many employees, it does not require that this leave be paid. Recent data shows that 89% of workers had access only to unpaid family and medical leave .

Read more about how men and women use time differently .

Women’s roles in the United States— in political arenas, the workforce, and at home—have experienced significant shifts over the decades. As women’s representation in Congress has grown, so has their participation in the labor force. But, while some disparities shrink, others persist. Understanding the data behind these trends can add context to gender roles and inform debate and policy on future equity initiatives.

There’s a lot more where this came from: learn more in this interview between USAFacts’ Sasha Anderson and News Not Noise’s Jessica Yellin. Then see the differences in how men and women spend their time differently, and get the latest data by signing up for our newsletter .

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Why educating women is more important than we realize

The Times of India

The Stri or the Female Energy is the creatrix, mother of all gods, conqueror of all evil, dispenser of all boons in the Indian culture. She is considered the divine power of the universe from where all beings are born. This divine female energy is worshipped with intense adoration and devotion in India.

Yet, it is in India itself that we find the most intense contradiction towards the female shakti.

On one hand we surrender to the divine Durga to protect us and on the other hand we look down upon the feminine principle with condemnation, contempt, cause of all failures, source of lust and miseries.

An Indian woman suffers this wrath both in her mind and heart right from her birth. She struggles to understand her true role, position, and identity in human society. She lives in a dilemma, wondering whether to relate to the feminine deities being erected all around her or to an unborn female avatar which was never allowed to be born.

Since ancient times women have not been denied legal, social, and educational rights in India but certainly in practise they have been more preoccupied and confined to domestic affairs and that is where their social subordination began.

Despite such subjugation, women have survived important roles such as bold householders, strong mothers, queens, administrators, warriors, elected representatives and leaders. Therefore, despite oppression and denial, India has, time and again, truly experienced the shakti of this female creative force.

The way forward for India and humans in general is to treat the Female Shakti (The Feminine Powerhouse) with respect, deep regard, equal access to experiences, learning and opportunities. All sexes should be allowed to find, above all sexual differences, their full inner potential.

India, the land of diversity and contrast, India the ardent worshipper of the Shakti-The Durga can perhaps lead mankind into human success based in deep regard for the deep inner potential, intellectual prowess and ingenuity of women. Denying women their due place is denying mankind its due success.

Women Across the Globe

The battle for legal, civil, social, and educational equality is a central element of woman’s rights globally. However, a deeper understanding of the women’s needs has revealed that in daily life they struggle to voice their objections and opinions, struggle to agree or disagree, condemn, or promote, speak, share, discuss, and struggle to manage, participate and lead.

Therefore, it would not be incorrect to state that the battle is only half won if the women get access to education and opportunities but no access to exercise their will.

Women across the globe may be characterized by diversity in feminine energy and feminine approach to life, work, family, and society yet their basic emotional, psychological, physical, mental, intellectual, social, professional, and creative needs tie them together to a common cause. The common cause being-women across the globe want to be active participants and decision makers in their own lives and refuse the passivity that is expected of them.

A modern progressive woman prides herself with all her feminine virtues. She wishes to embrace her own self in entirety not to put men down but only to break out of an oppressed state so that she can realize her own untapped full potential.

Women today are capable of and want to accumulate the advantages of both the sexes, but she is not willing to pay an unfair price for achieving this. For instance, a young mother wants the right to work or not to work to lie within the realms of her decision-making powers.

She wishes to be able to make a choice between scenarios where in one she wishes to fully involve herself in her motherhood and suspend her professional aspirations without being made to feel undeserving or financially dependent. Or in another scenario where she wishes to strike a balance between her motherhood and professional duties and yet not labelled as irresponsible and selfish. Such a state of choice with dignity would be true liberation for a young mother.

Equal Education is a Steppingstone Towards Gender Equality, Quality Socialization and Economic Growth

Denying women access to equal and quality education opportunities encourages gender segregation and stereotypical behaviour in society. Perceptions towards gender roles are sowed by members of family and society very early on in the lives of men and women which adversely impacts the quality of the socialization process.

Creating gender neutral learning environments can serve as a steppingstone to quality socialization. This in turn can help in creating favourable position for women in creative, scientific, technological, professional endeavours and lessen their personal and social struggles.

Any society that denies and discourages women from boldly participating in the learning process is only encouraging biased patterns that are deeply rooted in promoting the influential masculine identity.

Quality education can help both men and women understand these deep-seated issues in our society, raise their collective and individual levels of awareness, understand the importance of all people, irrespective of sex, in building a healthy and conscious society. In order to ensure sustainable development, it has become imperative to recognize the importance of all the sexes.

When a girl is educated, she is empowered. She can make her own decisions, raise the standard of living for her family and children, create more job opportunities, and reform society as a whole. As a result, a shift in attitudes toward girl child education in India is urgently needed. Every girl child deserves to be treated with love and respect. If all girls complete their education and participate in the workforce, India could add a whopping $770 billion to the country’s GDP by 2025!

Some Important Statistics

As per statistics presented by UNICEF, 129 million girls are out of school around the world, including 32 million of primary school age, 30 million of lower-secondary school age, and 67 million of upper-secondary school age.

Borgen Project, a US based not for profit, study has revealed that every year, 23 million girls in India drop out of school after they begin menstruating due to lack of sanitary napkin dispensers and overall hygiene awareness in schools.

As per National Survey of India, Literacy Rate in India has increased from 73% in 2011 to 77.7% in 2022, however it still stands behind the global literacy rate which stands at 86.5% (as per UNESCO). Of the 77.7% Indian literacy rate in 2022, male literacy rate stands at 84.7% and female literacy rate stands at 70.3% as compared to global average female literacy rate of 79% (as per UNESCO).

There are several factors that influence poorer literacy rates in women as compared to men, the biggest and most crucial factors being inequality and sex-based discrimination. This discrimination pushes the girl child to either never be born (female infanticide) or the woman to be predominantly pushed into household affairs.

Low enrolment rates, high dropout rates, social discrimination, unsafe public spaces, prioritizing boy child education are some other important factors that negatively influence female education.

Related items

• Gender equality

Other recent articles

Goal 5: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

Gender equality is not only a fundamental human right, but a necessary foundation for a peaceful, prosperous and sustainable world. There has been progress over the last decades, but the world is not on track to achieve gender equality by 2030.

Women and girls represent half of the world’s population and therefore also half of its potential. But gender inequality persists everywhere and stagnates social progress. On average, women in the labor market still earn 23 percent less than men globally and women spend about three times as many hours in unpaid domestic and care work as men.

Sexual violence and exploitation, the unequal division of unpaid care and domestic work, and discrimination in public office, all remain huge barriers. All these areas of inequality have been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic: there has been a surge in reports of sexual violence, women have taken on more care work due to school closures, and 70% of health and social workers globally are women.

At the current rate, it will take an estimated 300 years to end child marriage, 286 years to close gaps in legal protection and remove discriminatory laws, 140 years for women to be represented equally in positions of power and leadership in the workplace, and 47 years to achieve equal representation in national parliaments.

Political leadership, investments and comprehensive policy reforms are needed to dismantle systemic barriers to achieving Goal 5 Gender equality is a cross-cutting objective and must be a key focus of national policies, budgets and institutions.

How much progress have we made?

International commitments to advance gender equality have brought about improvements in some areas: child marriage and female genital mutilation (FGM) have declined in recent years, and women’s representation in the political arena is higher than ever before. But the promise of a world in which every woman and girl enjoys full gender equality, and where all legal, social and economic barriers to their empowerment have been removed, remains unfulfilled. In fact, that goal is probably even more distant than before, since women and girls are being hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic.

Are they any other gender-related challenges?

Yes. Worldwide, nearly half of married women lack decision-making power over their sexual and reproductive health and rights. 35 per cent of women between 15-49 years of age have experienced physical and/ or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence.1 in 3 girls aged 15-19 have experienced some form of female genital mutilation/cutting in the 30 countries in Africa and the Middle East, where the harmful practice is most common with a high risk of prolonged bleeding, infection (including HIV), childbirth complications, infertility and death.

This type of violence doesn’t just harm individual women and girls; it also undermines their overall quality of life and hinders their active involvement in society.

Why should gender equality matter to me?

Regardless of where you live in, gender equality is a fundamental human right. Advancing gender equality is critical to all areas of a healthy society, from reducing poverty to promoting the health, education, protection and the well-being of girls and boys.

What can we do?

If you are a girl, you can stay in school, help empower your female classmates to do the same and fight for your right to access sexual and reproductive health services. If you are a woman, you can address unconscious biases and implicit associations that form an unintended and often an invisible barrier to equal opportunity.

If you are a man or a boy, you can work alongside women and girls to achieve gender equality and embrace healthy, respectful relationships.

You can fund education campaigns to curb cultural practices like female genital mutilation and change harmful laws that limit the rights of women and girls and prevent them from achieving their full potential.

The Spotlight Initiative is an EU/UN partnership, and a global, multi-year initiative focused on eliminating all forms of violence against women and girls – the world’s largest targeted effort to end all forms of violence against women and girls.

Facts and figures

Goal 5 targets.

• With only seven years remaining, a mere 15.4 per cent of Goal 5 indicators with data are “on track”, 61.5 per cent are at a moderate distance and 23.1 per cent are far or very far off track from 2030 targets.
• In many areas, progress has been too slow. At the current rate, it will take an estimated 300 years to end child marriage, 286 years to close gaps in legal protection and remove discriminatory laws, 140 years for women to be represented equally in positions of power and leadership in the workplace, and 47 years to achieve equal representation in national parliaments.
• Political leadership, investments and comprehensive policy reforms are needed to dismantle systemic barriers to achieving Goal 5. Gender equality is a cross-cutting objective and must be a key focus of national policies, budgets and institutions.
• Around 2.4 billion women of working age are not afforded equal economic opportunity. Nearly 2.4 Billion Women Globally Don’t Have Same Economic Rights as Men  
• 178 countries maintain legal barriers that prevent women’s full economic participation. Nearly 2.4 Billion Women Globally Don’t Have Same Economic Rights as Men
• In 2019, one in five women, aged 20-24 years, were married before the age of 18. Girls | UN Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Violence Against Children

Source: The Sustainable Development Goals Report 2023

5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere

5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation

5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation

5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate

5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decisionmaking in political, economic and public life

5.6 Ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review conferences

5.A  Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws

5.B Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women

5.C Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels

He for She campaign

United Secretary-General Campaign UNiTE to End Violence Against Women

Every Woman Every Child Initiative

Spotlight Initiative

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)

UN Population Fund: Gender equality

UN Population Fund: Female genital mutilation

UN Population Fund: Child marriage

UN Population Fund: Engaging men & boys

UN Population Fund: Gender-based violence

World Health Organization (WHO)

UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)

UN Education, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)

UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Gender Statistics

Fast Facts: Gender Equality

Infographic: Gender Equality

The Initiative is so named as it brings focused attention to this issue, moving it into the spotlight and placing it at the centre of efforts to achieve gender equality and women’s empowerment, in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.

An initial investment in the order of EUR 500 million will be made, with the EU as the main contributor. Other donors and partners will be invited to join the Initiative to broaden its reach and scope. The modality for the delivery will be a UN multi- stakeholder trust fund, administered by the Multi-Partner Trust Fund Office, with the support of core agencies UNDP, UNFPA and UN Women, and overseen by the Executive Office of the UN Secretary-General.

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Role of Women in Society Essay

Updated December 18, 2023

Introduction to the Role of Women in Society

A Daughter, Sister, Granddaughter, Wife, Mother, Mother-in-law, Daughter-in-law, Aunt, and Grandmother – not a superhero, but a remarkable woman.

A woman is a multifaceted bundle of strength, resilience, compassion, and wisdom, weaving together the threads of countless roles and responsibilities in the tapestry of life. From a daughter’s nurturing warmth to a grandmother’s guiding support, she intricately weaves various facets of life together. Her journey traverses through the corridors of sisterhood, daughterhood, and the responsibilities of a wife, mother, and beyond. In this dynamic mosaic of identities and responsibilities, the significance of a woman’s presence resonates deeply, shaping families, communities, and the very essence of society itself. Unveiling the layers of her myriad roles is to discover the remarkable nature of a woman, an indispensable force driving the narratives of our existence.

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Women’s Role in Ancient Societies

The annals of history unveil a diverse panorama of ancient civilizations, each with its nuanced tapestry of social norms and gender dynamics. In examining the role of women in these bygone eras, we find that their contributions were both profound and complex.

• Economic Contributions: In agrarian societies, women often played integral roles in sustaining the economic fabric of their communities. From tending to crops in Mesopotamia to managing households in Ancient Egypt, their labor was indispensable. However, recognizing their contributions didn’t always translate into equitable status.
• Cultural and Religious Significance: Ancient mythologies and religious texts frequently portrayed women as bearers of divine qualities. Goddesses like Isis in Egypt or Athena in Greece embodied wisdom, fertility, and protection. Despite such symbolic reverence, mortal women often faced societal restrictions.
• Educational Constraints: Education in many ancient societies was reserved for the elite. While exceptions like the educated women of ancient Athens existed, the majority faced academic constraints, limiting their intellectual and philosophical contributions.
• Matrilineal Societies: Some ancient cultures, like the Minoans, displayed matrilineal structures, where descent and inheritance were traced through the maternal line. In these societies, women held unique positions of authority and power, challenging the prevailing patriarchal norms.
• Challenges and Restrictions: Despite these nuanced roles, it’s crucial to recognize the prevalent challenges. The ancient world was rife with societal expectations, limiting women’s agency in public life. Laws and customs often restricted their legal rights and participation in decision-making processes.

Education acts as a powerful tool in shaping the lives of women. It encompasses formal schooling and includes access to information, knowledge, and skills necessary for personal growth and societal contribution.

Empowerment through Knowledge

• Education provides women with the necessary skills to navigate various aspects of life, from making informed health decisions to engaging in economic activities.
• It helps women develop critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making abilities, helping them to advocate for themselves and their communities.

Economic Empowerment

• Educated women are more likely to find employment opportunities, thus contributing to their economic independence.
• Higher levels of education frequently correspond with improved earning capacity, which can substantially impact a woman’s financial stability and decision-making power within the home.

Breaking Societal Barriers

• Education challenges traditional gender norms by empowering women to defy societal limitations and pursue careers and roles previously reserved for men.
• It helps combat stereotypes and discrimination by showcasing women’s capabilities and achievements in various fields.

Health and Well-being

• Women who are educated have better health outcomes for themselves and their families.
• They are more likely to understand healthcare information, seek medical attention, and make healthier lifestyle choices.

Economic empowerment refers to women’s ability to control economic resources, financial decision-making, and access to opportunities for economic advancement.

Financial Independence

• Economic empowerment gives women financial autonomy, reducing their dependency on others and allowing them to choose based on their preferences.
• It gives them a sense of agency and self-worth, contributing to their well-being.

Entrepreneurship and Employment

• Empowered women are more likely to engage in entrepreneurial activities, creating job opportunities for themselves and others in their communities.
• Access to economic resources and employment opportunities allows women to contribute significantly to economic growth and development.

Participation in Decision-making

• Economic empowerment often translates into greater participation in household and community decision-making processes.
• Women with economic resources are better positioned to voice their opinions and influence decisions affecting their lives and families.

Social Empowerment

• Economic empowerment often leads to social empowerment, increasing a woman’s status within her community and fostering her participation in social and political spheres.

Women in the Workplace

1. progress in workforce participation.

• Historical Shift: The latter half of the 20th century witnessed a significant shift in the participation of women in the workforce. Once confined to limited roles, women began to enter various professions, challenging stereotypes and contributing to economic growth.
• Professional Diversity: Women have excelled in diverse fields, from science and technology to business, politics, and the arts. Their contributions have become integral to the functioning of modern economies.  

2. Gender Wage Gap

• Persistent Disparities: Despite advancements, the gender wage gap remains a glaring issue. On average, women continue to earn less than men for equivalent work, reflecting deep-rooted systemic inequalities.
• Intersectionality and Wage Gap: The wage gap is often exacerbated by intersectionality, with women from marginalized groups facing even wider disparities.  

3. Barriers to Career Advancement

• Glass Ceiling: The metaphorical glass ceiling impedes women’s advancement to leadership. Structural and cultural barriers limit their access to executive roles, board memberships, and other high-ranking positions.
• Implicit Bias: Implicit biases and gender stereotypes persist in the workplace, affecting hiring decisions, performance evaluations, and opportunities for advancement.

4. Work-Life Balance and Caregiving

• Dual Responsibilities: Women often struggle to balance professional careers with caregiving responsibilities. Maintaining a healthy work-life balance is made more difficult by societal expectations and established gender roles.
• Impact on Career Trajectory: Balancing work and caregiving responsibilities can impact career trajectories, leading to career interruptions, reduced opportunities for advancement, and potential wage gaps.

5. Combatting Harassment and Discrimination

• MeToo Movement: The #MeToo movement has shed light on workplace harassment and discrimination, sparking conversations and driving organizations to reassess their policies and practices.
• Need for Inclusive Policies: To create inclusive and equitable workplace environments, comprehensive policies that address harassment and discrimination, as well as develop a culture of respect and diversity, are required.

6. Initiatives for Gender Diversity

• Diversity and Inclusion Programs: To encourage gender equality in the workplace, many businesses have created diversity and inclusion programs. These efforts seek to foster professional conditions in which women can succeed.
• Mentorship and Sponsorship: Mentorship and sponsorship programs can support women’s career development by providing guidance, opportunities, and advocacy.

7. Remote Work and Flexibility

• Impact of Remote Work: The rise of remote work, accelerated by global events, has provided new opportunities for flexibility. This shift can potentially alleviate some challenges associated with work-life balance for women.
• Addressing Digital Gender Divides: However, it’s crucial to address potential digital gender divides and ensure that remote work policies are equitable for all employees.

Political Participation

1. progress in representation.

• Historical Context: Women’s participation in politics has undergone a remarkable evolution. Over the years, there has been an increase in the representation of women in political offices worldwide.
• Milestones: Landmark moments, such as the suffrage movements and the election of the first female heads of state, have paved the way for greater political involvement by women.

2. Representation in Legislative Bodies

• Global Trends: While progress varies across regions, there has been a gradual increase in the representation of women in legislative bodies, including parliaments and congresses.
• Challenges Persist: However, women are still underrepresented in many political spheres, and disparities persist in access to decision-making roles.

3. Barriers to Political Participation

• Structural Barriers: Political systems may have inherent barriers, such as electoral systems favoring incumbents or political parties less inclined to nominate female candidates.
• Cultural and Societal Norms: Deep-seated societal norms and gender stereotypes can discourage women from pursuing political careers, perpetuating a lack of representation.

4. Intersectionality and Representation

• Diversity and Intersectionality: The importance of diverse representation, considering factors like race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and socio-economic status alongside gender, is increasingly recognized as essential for inclusive political landscapes.
• Challenges Faced by Marginalized Groups: Women from marginalized communities often face compounded challenges, necessitating tailored approaches to ensure their political representation.

5. Leadership and Advocacy

• Women in Leadership Roles: Despite challenges, women have risen to prominent political leadership positions, serving as heads of state, ministers, and influential policymakers, bringing diverse perspectives to governance.
• Advocacy and Grassroots Movements: Grassroots movements led by women have been pivotal in advocating for policy changes and social justice and amplifying women’s voices in political discourse.

6. Global Initiatives for Gender Equality

• International Efforts: Various international organizations and initiatives, like the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), include targets for achieving gender equality and women’s empowerment in political spheres.
• Quotas and Affirmative Action: Some countries have implemented quotas or affirmative action measures to increase women’s representation in politics, aiming to address the imbalance in political participation.

7. Challenges and Future Prospects

• Continued Struggles: Despite progress, persistent challenges, including stereotypes, institutional barriers, and cultural norms, underscore the ongoing struggle for equitable representation.
• The Need for Continued Advocacy: Sustained efforts in advocating for policies that promote gender equality, dismantling barriers, and encouraging women’s political engagement are essential for the future of inclusive governance.

Social and Cultural Influences

1. historical context.

• Traditional Gender Roles: Throughout history, societies have assigned specific roles to men and women based on perceived notions of gender. These roles often confined women to domestic spheres, while men were expected to take on public and economic responsibilities.
• Evolution of Norms: Over time, societal norms and expectations regarding gender roles have evolved, influenced by factors such as industrialization, education, and social movements advocating for women’s rights.

2. Cultural Norms and Expectations

• Cultural Diversity: Different cultures shape expectations for women’s behavior, appearance, and life choices. Cultural norms can influence everything from career choices to family structures.
• Impact on Autonomy: Societal expectations may limit women’s autonomy, pressuring them to conform to predefined roles. This can affect their education, career, marriage, and motherhood decisions.

3. Impact of Religion

• Diverse Religious Perspectives: Religious beliefs often play a significant role in shaping attitudes towards women. Interpretations of religious texts and traditions vary, impacting women’s rights and social standing.
• Religious Conservatism: In some cases, religious conservatism may reinforce traditional gender roles and limit women’s access to education, employment, and leadership positions.

4. Media and Popular Culture

• Representation in Media: Media portrayal of women can reinforce or challenge societal norms. Representation in movies, television, and advertising can shape perceptions of beauty, success, and acceptable behavior.
• Influence on Body Image: The Media’s emphasis on specific beauty standards can contribute to body image issues, affecting women’s self-esteem and influencing lifestyle choices.

5. Family and Community Dynamics

• Role of Family: Family structures and dynamics shape women’s experiences. Supportive families can provide a foundation for women’s empowerment, while restrictive environments may limit opportunities.
• Community Expectations: Community expectations and collective values can influence women’s choices and behavior. Breaking away from traditional expectations may lead to social scrutiny or ostracization.

6. Changing Social Movements

• Feminist Movements: Feminist movements have played a crucial role in challenging and reshaping societal norms. They advocate for women’s rights, equality, and the dismantling of systemic barriers.
• Intersectionality: Contemporary discussions often emphasize intersectionality, recognizing that women’s experiences are shaped by the intersection of gender with other social factors such as race, class, and sexual orientation.

Challenges and Barriers Faced by Women

1. economic disparities.

Women continue to confront substantial economic challenges, with the gender wage gap persisting as a stark manifestation of inequality. Despite advancements, women, on average, earn less than their male counterparts for similar work. The roots of this disparity are deeply embedded in systemic issues, including occupational segregation, biased hiring practices, and the undervaluing of industries traditionally dominated by women. These economic challenges are compounded for women from marginalized communities, creating a cycle of financial inequality that extends across generations.

2. Glass Ceiling and Career Advancement

The metaphorical glass ceiling remains a formidable barrier to women’s career advancement. Structural and cultural impediments limit women’s access to executive roles, board memberships, and leadership positions. Implicit biases within organizational structures and the persistence of gender stereotypes contribute to a workplace culture that hinders the professional growth of women. Addressing the glass ceiling necessitates dismantling discriminatory practices and fostering inclusive environments that value and promote the diverse talents and perspectives women bring to the workplace.

3. Gender-Based Violence

Gender-based violence is a common and highly problematic issue for women all across the world. Domestic violence, sexual harassment, and human trafficking can cause physical, emotional, and psychological harm to women. These forms of abuse not only violate individual rights but also foster an atmosphere of fear and intimidation, limiting women’s capacity to live productive lives. The fight against gender-based violence requires comprehensive legal frameworks, societal awareness, and a cultural shift to challenge ingrained notions that perpetuate such behaviors.

4. Underrepresentation in Leadership

The lack of women in leadership positions in different fields still poses a major obstacle to attaining gender parity. Often, women’s perspectives are disregarded during decision-making, leading to policies and practices failing to adequately address the needs and opinions of diverse communities. Breaking down barriers to leadership involves dismantling preconceived notions of gender roles, implementing affirmative action measures, and fostering mentorship programs to support the professional development of women.

5. Societal Expectations and Stereotypes

Societal expectations and ingrained stereotypes continue to shape and restrict women’s roles. From early childhood, girls are often socialized into specific gender norms that dictate behavior, career choices, and life aspirations. The pressure to conform to these expectations limits individual agency and perpetuates gender inequalities. Challenging societal norms requires a concerted effort to redefine perceptions of femininity and masculinity, encouraging a more inclusive and equitable understanding of gender roles.

Women’s intricate roles and contributions are the threads that stitch together the diverse fabric of our world. Women shape, nurture, and lead with unwavering resilience, from the foundational bonds of family to the broader tapestry of society. Their influence extends beyond their roles, encompassing education, the workforce, politics, and cultural dynamics. Recognizing the multifaceted nature of a woman as a daughter, sister, wife, mother, and more, it is important to dismantle barriers, challenge stereotypes, and foster environments where every woman can thrive. Embracing the importance of women is not just a matter of equality but a commitment to realizing the full potential of humanity. With each role she assumes, a woman leaves an indelible mark, contributing to a richer, more inclusive narrative that transcends generations and paves the way for a future where the strength and significance of every woman are celebrated and valued.

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Women's Power in the Struggle for Freedom and Equal Rights

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“Democracy is a universally recognized ideal based on common values shared by people across the world, irrespective of cultural, political, social and economic differences. As recognized in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action , democracy is based on the freely expressed will of the people to determine their own political, economic, social and cultural systems and their full participation in all aspects of their lives . Democracy, development, rule of law and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms are interdependent and mutually reinforcing.” -  United Nations, Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights

The principles of democracy insist on, especially from a twenty-first century perspective, the inclusion of all people, regardless of gender, race, sexual orientation, or ability. And yet governments around the world have a history of barring certain classes of people from being heard, seen, and fairly represented. Throughout history this has been especially true for women. And yet, despite repeated and ongoing attempts to sideline women in society, there has always been a consistent female force, fighting for freedom, equality, and democratic ideals.

For example, Chilean women who lived during Pinochet’s dictatorship were under the threat of constant danger, but they resisted by creating dissident art and forming the Moviemento Pro Emancipación de la Mujer. The Turkish coup of 1980 inspired a feminist movement that existed in open rebellion. They decried their loss of freedom and organized mass protests, including a 1987 march against gender-based violence. And here, in the United States of America, one of the oldest modern democracies in the world, it took a staggering 144 years for women in the US to be granted suffrage with the passage of the 19th amendment in 1920. It would take 45 more years for the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to be passed before Black women gained full access to the vote. But the right to vote was not just granted to women—they had to fight for it. 

There are endless examples of “the fairer sex” doing anything in their power to be seen as the equal sex—these examples are a testament to women's impact on society, government, and history. As we celebrate Women’s History Month in March, Facing History has curated a list of resources to showcase female upstanders who have fought for freedom, human rights, and promoted the principles of democracy, even under oppressive regimes and laws restricting them from representation.

The American Revolution and Challenging the Ideals of a Fledgling Democracy

Elizabeth freeman.

Entering the world as Mum Bett in the mid-sixteenth century, Elizabeth Freeman was born into slavery. As the white men around her—and notably her enslaver, Colonel Ashley—spoke of rights and freedoms amidst the creation of the Declaration of Independence and war with England, the idea of her own freedom took root. Freeman acquired legal representation in Massachusetts and sued for her right to be free. She became the first African American to win her freedom from the courts in Massachusetts, leading to abolition of slavery in that state. Learn more about Freeman’s life from the National Women’s History Museum and from the New-York Historical Society .

Judith Sargent Murray

Born into a wealthy family in 1751, Judith Sargent Murray was curious and intelligent, but was not permitted to attend school because of her gender. Undeterred, she turned to her family’s extensive library and became a self-taught intellectual and writer. Murray was a radical (at the time) advocate for white women’s rights, declaring that men and women held equal ability if given equal access to education. Murray penned her first essay, “On the Equality of the Sexes,” in 1770—it was finally published 20 years later.

This Facing History Reading , included in our US History Curriculum Collection , excerpts “On the Equality of the Sexes” and offers questions and exercises for deeper reflection and connection to the text. The entire essay can be found here .

Learn more about Murray’s life from the National Women’s History Museum .

Suffragettes and the Right to Vote

Frances ellen watkins harper.

In 1825 Frances Ellen Watkins Harper was born to free African American parents. Following the death of her parents, she was raised by her aunt and uncle, the latter of whom was an impassioned abolitionist. As a young adult she was mentored by her uncle’s friend William Still known as the “father of the Underground Railroad.” Harper then became a strong voice in the anti-slavery movement and a fierce supporter of women’s rights, publishing works based on these ideals and delivering speeches across the country.

This Facing History Reading excerpts one of her most famous speeches and offers connection questions for deeper learning.

Learn more about Harper’s life from  the National Women’s History Museum .

Emmeline Pankhurst

It is perhaps no surprise that Emmeline Pankhurst became among the most influential suffragists in Great Britain. Born in 1858, she was raised by parents committed to the full expansion of rights to women. She went on to found the Women’s Franchise League and later the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) whose famous slogan was “Deeds not Words.” Pankhurst threw her body and mind into the suffrage cause including participating in a hunger strike and being jailed on multiple occasions for her provocative protests.

This Facing History Handout on Women in Edwardian Society includes excerpts from Pankhurt’s “Freedom or Death” speech and offers a wide range of connection questions.

Learn more about Pankhurst’s life from the National Park Service .

The Pursuit for Civil Rights and Racial Equality

Anti-apartheid movement.

Apartheid is an Afrikaans word meaning “apartness.” South Africans abolished slavery in 1834, but the colonial influence on the country made segregation the de facto state. It wasn’t until the National Party, which ran on a platform of Afrikaner nationalism, won the 1948 South African election that segregation was codified by law. One way that Black women in South Africa pushed back on segregationist policies was to protest the limitations placed on the free movement of Black Africans in the country. The 1950s saw the formation of the Federation of South African Women. In 1956 this grassroots movement enjoined a crowd 20,000 strong to march to Pretoria. Facing History’s Confronting Apartheid Collection provides a comprehensive set of lessons to explore critical moments in South Africa's history. This collection includes the Reading:  Women Rise Up Against Apartheid and Change the Movement .

Mamie Till-Mobley

Mamie Carthan was born in Mississippi in 1921, but as a toddler she moved just outside of Chicago, Illinois with her parents. On July 25, 1941 she gave birth to her only child, Emmett Till. In the summer of 1955, when Emmett was 14, Mamie dropped her son off at the train station in Chicago to go visit her Uncle Moses’s farm in Mississippi and spend some time with family. He never came home. On August 28 Emmett was brutally murdered by a group of white men, led by the husband of a shopkeeper who was incensed that the young boy had allegedly whistled at his wife. The horrific death of her son, and the subsequent acquittal of Emmett’s murderers, resulted in Mamie Till-Mobley’s emergence as a leading activist for the civil rights movement.

Facing History’s “I Wanted the Whole World to See”: The Murder of Emmett Till Unit includes the following moving accounts of Mamie Till-Mobley as a mother and a civil rights pioneer. Reading: “ I Knew I Had to Give Him the Talk ” Lesson: " A Rallying Cry and a Cause "

Today’s Global Advocates for Human Rights

Anti-war sudanese organizers.

During the 30 year rule of President Omar Hassan al-Bashir, Sudanese women came out multiple times to protest the abhorrent treatment of women under his regime, often in open defiance of their family or the law. In 2019 it was estimated that two-thirds of Sudanese protesters were women. The military coup d'état in 2019 prompted the current devastating civil war between rival factions in Sudan, and again women face the biggest obstacles among the violence. Almost 90% of Sudanese people seeking refugee status in neighboring Chad are women. Learn more about the plight of Sudanese women today in these articles from Al Jazeera and the Norwegian Refugee Council . A look at the freedom and peace efforts of Sudanese women can be seen in these reports from the Christian Michelsen Institute and ReliefWeb .

Protest against the Islamic Republic of Iran's Regime

The 2022 arrest and death of Kurdish Iranian woman Mahsa Jhina Amini at the hands of Iran’s morality police has led to what some are calling a new Iranian Revolution. Since Amini’s death the people of Iran—including a flood of girls and women who have risked the same fate—have crowded the streets to demand an end to the brutal tactics and oppressive laws of the theocratic, dictatorial government. Even as the street protests have decreased, Iranian women continue to fight back through acts of civil disobedience including not following the strict veiling regulations or opting to go out publicly without a hijab altogether. The protest call of “Zan, Zendegi, Azadi” (Woman, Life, Freedom - shown above in Kurdish) continues to galvanize the movement, garnering support and participation from Iranians of all backgrounds in Iran and abroad. Learn more about the Iranian women mobilizing government resistance in these articles from Ms. and the Wilson Center . These quotes collected by Women’s Voices Now provide an inspirational glimpse at some of the individuals pushing for change.

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Queen's University, Belfast

A Women’s Role in Society: A Sociology Perspective

Marta cipriano – 2nd year sociology.

This essay demonstrates how Sociology has allowed people to see beyond commonsensical views and discusses roles women have had throughout different generations. For decades, women were seen as the weaker sex and often as subordinates to men in all aspects of society such as family life and employment. When writing this paper, there was a particular interest in how feminism has changed this and so it is written from a feminist point of view. Talcott Parsons and Freud drove the direction of this paper as they had very concrete views on women and their roles in society. All the information and data gathered is secondary, driven by personal experience and an interest in feminism. The results found is that since feminist movements in the 1960s, women in society have gained a newfound respect and no longer depend on men to have a status in today’s world. For further research, a more globalized project would have to take place to get a better understanding of how sexes are seen beyond our local societies.

Introduction

“ Rich knowledge which is disorganised, ineffable and inarticulate” has been described as common sense by Bauman and May (2001, p.6) and “…To think sociologically is to make sense of the human condition via an analysis of the manifold webs of human interdependency…”  (Bauman & May, 2001, p. 8).

It is believed that even though not every individual is an expert in a field, everyone possesses an extensive amount of tacit knowledge (common sense) (Bauman & May, 2001). Tacit knowledge is acquired through sights and life experiences describing knowledge an individual may not often know how to express (Polanyi & Sen, 2009) and it shapes how they think and act, these actions often being subconscious.

Sociological thinking, also described as explicit knowledge, differs in being objective, impersonal and narrative (Hislop, 2013). Empirical research and conclusions are obtained to guarantee the reliability, and wide samples are evaluated not only quantitatively but also qualitatively giving an outlook on society as a whole rather than a few individuals (Bauman & May, 2001). Researchers often spend years observing and studying a specific field (Bauman & May, 2001). When presenting this work, before publishing, they go through intense peer review, leaving little space for a common-sense point of view (Bauman & May, 2001).

In this essay, gender will be discussed through sociological studies and how this has enabled us to see past common sense. The concepts of gender and gender roles will be examined, including work by theorists Talcott Parsons and Juliet Mitchel; to understand multiple viewpoints on these topics. Gender in the workforce will also be discussed.

Commonsensical views between men and women tend to focus on the biological differences between the sexes (Haralambos, et al., 2013). In the 1950s and 1960s, when structural functionalism was prevailing strongly in society, socially constructed differences and roles between men and women were implemented in order for society to run efficiently (Holmes, 2007). This theory posited that in order for a society to run proficiently, society had to abide by social norms, making sure individuals would conform to what was expected of them (Connell, 2005).

Only since the ’70s have sociologists made the distinction between gender and sex (Holmes, 2007). Sex has since been distinguished as the biological differences between males and females while gender is the socially produced differences between masculinity and femininity (Holmes, 2007).

Talcott Parsons (1902-1979) was a strong proponent of structural functionalism and argued that boys and girls are socialised to take on traits that are complementary to each other to make it easier to maintain stable productive family units. Parsons’ theoretical position was that boys were taught ‘instrumental qualities’ such as confidence and competitiveness that prepared them for the labour force. Meanwhile, girls were taught ‘expressive qualities’ like empathy and sensitivity which prepared them to care for their families. Parsons’ theory states that a successful family needs people to have complementary skill sets and gender provides a way to pair off these skills (Black, 1961). Although this theory was influential in the mid-20th century, the theory had limitations that left it open to critique. It was only specific to middle-class white America in the ’40s and ’50s and it assumed a heteronormative Western perspective on what a family should look like; a man, women and children, ignoring all other forms of families such as homosexual parents and single parents (Stoller, 1968).

“…Gender is a term that has psychological and cultural connotations; if the proper terms for sex are ‘male’ and ‘female’, then the corresponding terms for gender are ‘masculine’ and ‘feminine’; these latter might be quite independent of (biological) sex…”

 (Stoller, 1968, p. 9).

Furthermore, this states that not all females are going to be feminine and vice versa, it also suggests that women do not always adopt characteristics such as compassion and nurture and men are not always going to be violent. People are not always going to conform to social norms (Haralambos, et al., 2013). There are multiple forms of masculinity and femininity in contemporary societies which can result from cultural, class, and ethnic differences in societies (Connell, 2002).

For decades, psychoanalysis had seen women as inferior and claimed that women could only be truly referred to as such when performing the roles of a wife and/or a mother (Mitchell, 1974). Scientists such as Freud, studied, correlated, and backed them up, demonstrating justification for social stratification and the bourgeois (Mitchell, 1974). 

Sociologist Juliet Mitchell revolutionised this theory with the release of ‘Psychoanalysis and Feminism’(1974). In this work, Mitchell studied how Freud’s work partially shaped feminism. Even though Freud was seen as the greatest enemy to this movement, Mitchell argued that ignoring these factors would be fatal, as feminism would not have evolved as much and women would not have fought as mercilessly if there was not something that had proved opposite to what they were fighting for (Mitchell, 1974).

Women in the 19 th century actively campaigned around several fields such as education, health and working conditions. They wanted women’s rights to be changed and wanted to create equality between the sexes (Ramazanoğlu & Holland, 2002). This was an impactful development in history for women. By the end of the 19 th century, feminism was recognised as a group of individuals that would advocate for women’s rights. Due to the diversity of feminism, there was no specific profile for an individual that would make them a feminist as long as they believed in equality (Ramazanoğlu & Holland, 2002). Feminism advocated that past oppressive arrangements could be addressed, and sex role expectations could be altered as well as gender socialisation (Connell, 2002).

There are various forms of feminism; political, methodological and philosophical. Each represents different areas of beliefs in the subject. Political feminism is often described in waves, set time periods in which women fought for particular rights such as legal rights (1st wave), social equality (2nd wave), and individualist recognition (3rd wave) (Mitchell, 1974) (CarneadesCyrene, 2018). Philosophical feminists usually focus on both morality and empirical data surrounding inequality, they have their moral opinions but are also able to accept that there is inequality but not believe that it is morally right. Lastly, methodological feminism is taking both previous forms and applying a critical lens to it to analyse male-dominant areas of thought focussing on areas such as intersectionality and relationships (Mitchell, 1974).

Gender Roles

The female population does not only struggle on an individual basis but also against patriarchal relations often controlled by men. They are expected to be submissive to men and their needs either economically or through desire (Poya, 1999). This subordination is not fixed, changes come through social shifts rather than from laws (Poya, 1999). This suggests that society has to change and adapt, whether through social norms or perspectives on the sexes.

Being a housewife over the last few centuries was a role that many women took on and not always by choice. Being a housewife is a family role (Black, 1961). It was feminine and for centuries it was also the person, other than servants, who were responsible for the upkeeping of the home (Oakley, 1974). Women were seen as the wife of a householder and were economically dependent on men (Oakley, 1974). Men could not take the role of a housewife and those who did, were seen as an abnormality as it went against social norms (Oakley, 1974). Parsons (1955) describes the man’s role in the family as essential for status. Where the man worked and what status he held would determine where the family would fall both culturally and economically in society. It was seen that essentially if the man had a substantial income and had a job of high status, he was succeeding in his role of a husband and father (Black, 1961). Women, in the western world, no longer have to stay at home and be a housewife or a mother if they do not wish, for the most part, and for men, there is less amounted pressure of providing and creating a status for the family (Arruzza, 2013). As it is seen in gender and sex with the migration of roles and characteristics, the same is done in the role in the family. More often, both men and women are the head of the home, often splitting roles (Arruzza, 2013).

Areas such as education would lag for women in the 19 th century. Society believed that women were too delicate and poised to endure academic work, that going to university and progressing educationally and professionally, would result in mental disturbance and that this would affect their capacity to perform the roles of a mother or a wife (Connell, 2005). Psychological studies have since shown that this is a myth and that there is no correlation (Connell, 2005). Studies internationally over the years have analysed social factors that may contribute to involvement and attendance in education. Cultural tradition comes into play (Pal, 2004). There is a rise in female education if it is a tradition that they are educated. The role men play in society also affects their involvement in education. If regular men’s jobs are paying higher than women’s, then men do not have the incentive to be educated and are trained for a job rather than educated (Pal, 2004).

In the French revolution there were many radical protests demanding rights for women since most of the responsibility for managing family finances and looking after the family was dependant on the female of the household. Due to the lack of care for women of lower classes, hunger and misery were often blamed on them (Arruzza, 2013). These women became linked with bourgeois feminism, represented by middle or upper-class women which was a struggle but beneficiary (Arruzza, 2013). Bourgeois feminism was recognised as having two main focuses: the demand for educational access which if progressed, would result in a career. Secondly, demands for civil and political rights, including rights to vote, to divorce and to own property which had been previously only available to certain men (Arruzza, 2013).

Gender in the Workforce

In pre-industrial society, agriculture and textiles were the main occupations of the British population and both men and women worked in these fields as labour were short (Oakley, 1974). In agriculture, women did the bulk of the work from managing dairy products such as butter and cheese, to the training of servants which would be both male and female. It was believed that the role of the female-dominated the role of the male in this area. Those women who performed stereotypically ‘male’ jobs and ran businesses such as agriculture would be seen as an anomaly and would often be ostracised, simply while they were demonstrating skills like men (Oakley, 1974).

Since the 1970s, there have been educational reforms to abstain girls from being segregated into ‘women’s jobs’ from an early age. They were then encouraged to go into ‘men’s fields such as science and technology (Connell, 2002). However, professionally, women are still being limited into certain fields such as social work, nursing and child care, jobs in which compassion and care are shown, two characteristics commonly associated with females, while men inhabit more hands-on jobs such as mechanics, policing and engineering, demonstrating intelligence, strength and leadership (Connell, 2002). Even though equal opportunity policies have been put in place, there is still a large imbalance of females to males in these positions. The jobs that are being categorised as more adequate for men are usually higher pay and often higher status and reputation leaving inequality at a high rate (Huppatz, 2012).

Working-class women when the Enlightenment and Industrialisation occurred would be paid roughly half of men’s wages for the same amount of work in order to continue their dependency. As well as working over 10 hour days in a factory, they would also have to take care of the home affairs as well as of the family which would often result in women becoming ill both physically and mentally (Arruzza, 2013), also explaining the high rates of drug use amongst housewives, using substances such as Xanax and Benzodiazepines to relieve them from anxiety and depression (Herzberg, 2006) (Gupta, 2015)Though there is still a substantial pay gap for most companies (round the 8-15%) (GOV.UK, 2018 a ) (GOV.UK, 2018 b ) (GOV.UK, 2018 c ), the added pressure for a woman in the household is not as often the case anymore, with the most couple splitting responsibilities with the family and financially

Over the years, sociology has helped us view gender as more than women being women and men being men. It has allowed insight that masculinity does not always refer to men and femininity does not always refer to women as well as the characteristics that most people associated them with.

Common-sense viewpoints are not as simple and narrowly focused as before (Bauman & May, 2001). Genders migrate their characteristics into each other and faceless judgement. Some individuals use their gender and sexuality to express themselves and feminism has had a significant impact in this matter, allowing and supporting not only women fighting for their rights but men wanting to transition and migrate into womanhood as well.

In the workplace there is still a tremendous gap in pay across most cultures, although this has improved. Professionally, there is still segregation, but we are able to see a change, such as the increase of women in the police force in the past decade (National Statistics, 2019, p. 31). Subjects such as sexuality and queer theory could be studied and analysed for further research on how societies can change through time and place.

Arruzza, C., (2013). Dangerous Liaisons: The marriages and divorces of Marxism and Feminism. Pontypool: Merlin Press.

Bauman, Z. & May, T., (2001). Thinking Sociologically. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

Black, M., (1961). The Social Theories of Talcott Parsons: A critical examination. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.

CarneadesCyrene, (2018). What is Feminism? (Political, Philosophical, and Methodological). [Sound Recording] (Youtube).

Connell, R. W., (2002). Gender: Short Introductions. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Connell, R. W., (2005). Masculinities. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Polity Press.

A. GOV.UK, (2018). GLEN DIMPLEX HOME APPLIANCES LIMITED: Gender pay gap report. Available at: https://gender-pay-gap.service.gov.uk/Employer/FqkAYQxb/2018 [Accessed 4 December 2019].

B. GOV.UK, (2018). MOY PARK LIMITED: Gender pay gap report. Available at: https://gender-pay-gap.service.gov.uk/Employer/A2DLNlV9/2018 [Accessed 4 December 2019].

C. GOV.UK, (2018). TESCO STORES LIMITED: Gender Pay Gap Report. Available at: https://gender-pay-gap.service.gov.uk/Employer/uuJ7hnge/2018 [Accessed 4 December 2019].

Gupta, S., (2015). Mother’s Little Helper: A brief history of benzodiazepines. Available at: https://mosaicscience.com/story/mothers-little-helper-brief-history-benzodiazepines/ [Accessed 4 December 2019].

Haralambos, M., Holborn, M., Chapman, S. & Moore, S., (2013). Sociology: Themes and Perspectives. 8th ed. London: Collins.

Herzberg, D., (2006). The Pill You Love Can Turn on You”: Feminism, Tranquilizers, and the Valium Panic of the 1970s. American Quarterly , 58(1), pp. 79-103.

Hislop, D., (2013). The Objectivist Perspective on Knowledge. In: Knowledge Management in Organisations: A Critical Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 17-30.

Holmes, M., (2007). What is Gender? Sociological Approaches. London: Sage.

Huppatz, K., (2012). Gender Capital at Work: Intersections of Femininity, Masculinity, Class and Occupation. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Mitchell, J., (1974). Psychoanalysis and Feminism. London: Allen Lane.

National Statistics, (2019). Police Workforce, England and Wales, 31 March 2019: Second Edition, London: Home Office.

Oakley, A., (1974). House Wife: High Value – Low Cost. Middlesex: Penguin Books.

Pal, S., (2004). How Much of the Gender Difference in Child School Enrolment Can Be Explained? Evidence from Rural India. Bulletin of Economic Research , 56(2), pp. 133-158.

Polanyi, M. & Sen, A., (2009). The Tacit Dimension. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Poya, M., (1999). Women’s Responses to Patriarchy. In: Women, Work and Islamism: Ideology & Resistance in Iran. Zed Books: London, pp. 122-156.

Ramazanoğlu, C. & Holland, J., (2002). Feminist Methodology: Challenges and Choices. London: Sage.

Stoller, R., (1968). Sex and Gender: On the Development of Masculinity and Femininity. New York: Science House.

Home — Essay Samples — Social Issues — Women's Rights — Women’s Rights in Today’s Society

Women's Rights in Today's Society

• Categories: Women's Rights

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Published: Nov 19, 2018

Words: 1636 | Pages: 4 | 9 min read

Feminism as a Defense of Women's Rights in Today's Society

Personal thoughts and conclusions, women’s rights essay outline.

1) Introduction

• Personal connection and significance of the topic
• The significance of women’s rights and feminism in contemporary society

2) Historical Context

• Women’s historical lack of legal and political rights
• Persistent gender inequality

3) Feminism Defined

• Political, economic, and social gender equality
• Debunking common misconceptions
• Ashley Judd’s speech as an example of feminist activism

4) Gender Pay Gap

• Overview of the wage gap
• Disparities for women of color
• Unequal benefits and contraceptive costs

5) Gendered Pricing

• Gender-based pricing in consumer goods
• Economic impact on women
• Reasons behind gendered pricing

6) Media’s Role

• Media’s influence on feminist perceptions
• Social media and feminist movements
• Addressing media-generated stereotypes

7) Opposition to Feminism

• Recognizing feminism’s critics
• Analyzing anti-feminist arguments

8) Sexual Harassment

• Prevalence and definition
• Impact on victims
• Importance of a safe reporting environment

9) Personal Experience and Conclusion

• Sharing a personal experience related to sexual harassment
• Reflecting on the impact
• Emphasizing the urgency of gender equality
• Reiterating the importance of women’s rights and feminism

10) Works Cited

Works Cited

• Adichie, C. N. (2014). We should all be feminists. Anchor Books.
• Hooks, B. (2000). Feminism is for everybody: Passionate politics. Pluto Press.
• The National Organization for Women. (2021). Women’s Rights. https://now.org/issues/
• Steinem, G. (2015). My life on the road. Random House.
• United Nations Development Programme. (2021). Gender equality. https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals/goal-5-gender-equality.html
• Davis, A. Y. (2016). Freedom is a constant struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the foundations of a movement. Haymarket Books.
• Federici, S. (2019). Caliban and the witch: Women, the body and primitive accumulation. Verso Books.
• Shetterly, M. L. (2016). Hidden figures: The American dream and the untold story of the black women mathematicians who helped win the space race. HarperCollins.
• Johnson, A. G. (2014). The gender knot: Unraveling our patriarchal legacy. Temple University Press.
• Orenstein, P. (2012). Cinderella ate my daughter: Dispatches from the front lines of the new girlie-girl culture. HarperCollins.

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Essay on Role of Women in Society for School Students

Table of Contents

The role of women in society has been a highly contested topic throughout history. In general, the role of women has been largely subordinate to that of men; however, there have been a number of cultures and societies in which women have played a more equal or even dominant role. The status of women in society is determined by a number of factors, including economic, social, and political factors.

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The role of women in society has been changing rapidly in recent years. In many countries, women have been granted equal rights to men, and they have been able to participate in all aspects of society, including the workforce. However, there are still many societies in which women are not treated equally to men, and their roles are more limited.

We have provided various essays on role of women in society under different word limits for the school students.

Long and Short Essay on Role of Women in Indian Society in English

Role of women in society essay 1 (100 words).

Women play variety of significant roles in our society from their birth till the end of life. Even after playing her all the roles and all the job timely in efficient manner in the modern society, she is weak because men are still strongest gender of the society. Even after lots of awareness programmes, rules and regulations in the society by the government, her life is more complicated than a man. She has to take care of herself and family members as daughter, granddaughter, sister, daughter-in-law, wife, mother, mother-in-law, grandmother, etc. By following such a big responsibility in the family, they are fully able to come out and do job for bright future of own, family and country.

Role of Women in Society Essay 2 (150 words)

Women are considered as the goddess in the Indian society from the ancient time however it is also true that they are not treated as goddess. They are being ill-treated for many years and used just as things to fulfil the wishes of men. Considering them as goddess is not enough to give them full women empowerment in the society; however it needs positive continuous effort and participation of both men and women to really bring women empowerment.

Women play a great role in everyone’s life without whom we cannot imagine the success of life. They are the highly responsible for the successful continuation of the life on this planet. Earlier they were considered as only wives and mother who have to cook food, clean home and take care of the whole family members alone. But, now the condition has been improved a little bit, they have started taking part in the many activities other than family and kids.

Role of Women in Society Essay 3 (200 words)

The way of behaving, thinking and doing of women is completely different from the men so we can say that women are physically, physiologically and psychologically not equal to men. But women are more responsible than men in various means like child-bearing and child-rearing. The tradition and culture of women lifestyle in India is coming as usual for many years without any change however in terms of rights of women, it is so bad and backward than other countries. The main question is why it is so, is women are responsible for their backwardness or men or lots of women’s responsibilities in home.

Women are treated differently than men in terms of rights and dues in many Indian societies even in the modern world. Men have dominating nature over women in various perspectives. It is the matter of think that if women are given all the same facilities like men and force them to be free from all the home responsibilities and think like men then why not it is possible for women to be like men psychologically in every areas of life. Earlier women were limited to home works only and not allowed to go outside to perform social works like men. But things are getting changed now; women are being aware of their rights and understanding well the dominating nature of men over their whole life.

Article on Women Empowerment

Role of Women in Society Essay 4 (250 words)

If we compare the current status of women than the ancient time, we can say that really the condition is improving gradually. Women are being professional, bread-earners for their families and an independently thinking individual of the country even after only being responsible for many responsibilities of the life. Traditional Indian women have started proving themselves more skilled and competent in many professions than men. And, day by day the situation is improving fast by breaking all the barriers of the way.

The Indian government also has played great role in the women empowerment by implementing various rules and regulations. The ancient time trends such as female foeticide, dowry deaths, early child marriage, domestic abuse, child labour, sexual harassment, etc have been banned by the government which has really improved the women status in the society. A woman plays variety of great roles in everyone’s life in various forms by being involved in various relationships. From her birth till her end of life, she plays various roles as a daughter, sister, wife, mother and other relationships. However, her main roles are as a wife and mother. The status of women in urban societies is better however in various rural societies it is still worse because of lack of proper education and education system. A woman give birth to a baby and considered to be only responsible for her baby regarding care, education, job, etc for whole life. She never demands anything in return of her roles instead she performs her roles politely all through the life without any argue.

Role of Women in Society Essay 5 (300 words)

Women in modern Indian society are really forward if we compare them from the ancient time but if we talk about the women empowerment, we can say that not really women are empowered in all areas. Even after being so forward, women need to go for long way defeating hard circumstances. Women have gained lots of influence in various fields until balance between two genders. We can say that women have more freedom than earlier however not true in many cases because prejudice still remains in the society.

In many places, women are still treated as inferior sex and forced to handle only house hold chores. Some women in the society love to follow the old traditions of the family and perform traditional female role by being housewife and mother. They live their whole life as general helpers to their husbands and kids. It has been in the usual practise for a woman by birth to handle home and stay unemployed at home. Some women from the society of high living status are keen to get employed like men in the future because they have been lived in the society having higher level of thoughts like that. They are never ill-treated in their family and always promoted to do better in life like men. However women in the backward society, where people only mean to earn food of two times daily, never understand their rights and responsibilities like men. All the differences are just because of the lack of proper education and education system in that area.

Women need to realize their roles towards their society and country together with their roles at home which is possible through the continuous effort, gender equality and women empowerment. People are being more advance in their behaviour and thoughts towards the women rights and empowerment.

Role of Women in Society Essay 6 (400 words)

Women play a great role in the growth and development of the society and making it an advanced and modern society. There is a famous saying by the Brigham Young that, “You educate a man; you educate a man. You educate a woman; you educate a generation.” Educating and giving power to the women is of great importance which needs to be followed in the society to bring women empowerment and development of society. Because it is true that, if a man is getting educated and empowered, only he can be benefitted however if a woman is getting educated and empowered, whole family and society can be benefitted.

Women are not things which can be neglected because of their less power and authority instead they should be empowered and promoted to get higher education. Women are the half population of the world mean half power of the world. If women of any country are not empowered mean that country is lack of half power. By nature, women play their all the roles with great responsibilities and have capability to make a healthy family, solid society and powerful country. Lots of efforts have been done however still women are backward and limited to home activities. We need to understand that if an uneducated woman may handle home properly then why not a well educated woman can lead the whole country like men.

Without woman nothing is possible for men, they are basic unit of the society, they make a family, family make a home, home make a society and ultimately societies make a country. So the contribution of a woman is everywhere from taking birth and giving birth to a child to the care for whole life and other areas. All the roles and responsibilities of the women can never be neglected by the societies. Without education and women empowerment no development is possible in the family, society and country. Women know well how to talk, how to behave, how to deal with people of different classes, etc. She knows to handle all the situations because she knows well the basic fundamentals of a good society and play her roles politely as a main contributor in building a strong society.

Earlier, when the lives of women were worse than slaves, women were considered as animals and used as sex toys. It was a sin for women to give birth to a girl baby, either they were killed, buried alive or thrown away by the male head of the family. However, the condition has become advance now in many means but not completely.

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Frequently Asked Questions on Role of Women in Society

What is the role of women in society essay.

An essay on the role of women in society discusses the multifaceted roles women play, from homemakers to professionals, shaping the cultural, economic, and social fabric of their communities. It emphasizes the evolving importance and recognition of women's contributions over time.

What is women's status in society?

Women's status in society has seen significant evolution. Historically, many societies marginalized women, but today, increasing recognition of women's rights has led to their enhanced status in many areas. Yet, disparities persist in various regions and sectors.

What are the basic rights of women?

The basic rights of women include the right to life, equality, education, freedom from discrimination, right to work, health, and protection from violence. These rights aim to ensure women can live with dignity, make choices, and participate fully in society.

What are the problems faced by women today?

Women today face a myriad of challenges, including gender wage gaps, domestic violence, limited access to education in some regions, workplace discrimination, and societal stereotypes. These issues vary in intensity across different societies and cultures.

What are the biggest women issues in India?

In India, major issues faced by women include gender-based violence, dowry-related crimes, female infanticide, limited access to education in some areas, workplace discrimination, and issues related to women's reproductive rights.

What is the need for women empowerment?

Women empowerment is essential to ensure that women have equal opportunities to contribute to and benefit from economic, social, cultural, and political advancements. Empowering women leads to a balanced and progressive society, where all members can thrive.

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