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CBSE Class 11 Economics Revision Notes Chapter – 4 Presentation of Data class 11 Notes Economics

The presentation of data means exhibition of data in such a clear and attractive manner that these can be easily understood and analysed.

Forms of Presentation of data: 1. Textual/Descriptive Presentation 2. Tabular Presentation 3. Diagrammatic Presentation 4. Graphical Presentation

1. Textual/Descriptive Presentation of Data:- In this, data is presented in the form of text. This is suitable when quantity of data is not too large.

2. Tabulation – It is the process of presenting data in the form of a table. Parts or components of Table: 1. Table Number 2. Title 3. Caption Or Column Headings 4. Stubs Or Row Headings 5.  Body of the Table 6. Unit of Measurement 7. Source 8. Head Note 9. Foot Note

Features of a good table: (a) Compatible with the objective (b) Helpful in comparison (c) Ideal Size (d) Stubs (e) Headings (f) Percentage and ratio (g) Sources of Data (h) Simplicity

Kinds of Table: 1. According to Purpose 2. According to originality 3. According to construction

Classification of tabular presentation of data 1. Qualitative Classification:- When classification is done according to attributes such as social status, nationality, etc. It is called qualitative classification. 2. Quantitative Classification:- In this, the data are classified on the basis of characteristics which are quantitative in nature. e.g., age, height, income, etc. 3. Temporal classification:- In this, time becomes the becomes the classifying variable and data are categorised according to time. Time may be in hours, weeks, years, etc. 4. Spatial classification:- When classification is done on the basis of place, it is called spatial classification. The place may be village, town, state, country, etc.

Diagrammatic Presentation : When data is presented in a simple and attractive manner in the form of diagrams is called diagrammatic presentation of data.

Types of Diagrammatic Presentation : 1. Geometric Form a. Pie Diagram b. Bar Diagram i. Simple ii. Multiple iii. Sub Divided iv. Percentage

2. Frequency Diagram a. Histogram b. Frequency Polygon c. Frequency Curve d. Ogive curve

3. Arithmetic Line Graph or Time series graph 1. Bar diagram:-  Bar diagrams are those diagrams in which data are presented in the form of bars or rectangles. Simple bar diagram:- They are those diagrams which are based on a single set of numerical data. Different items are represented by different bars. Multiple bar diagram:- They are those diagrams which show two or more sets of data simultaneously. This type of diagram is, generally, used to make comparison between two sets of series. Sub divided bar diagram:- These are those diagrams which present simultaneously, total values and parts there in a set of a data. Percentage bar diagram:-  They are those diagram which show simultaneously different parts off the values of a sets of data in terms of percentage. Deviation bar diagram:-  These are used to compare the net deviation of related variables with respect to time and location. Bars which represent positive deviation and which represent negative deviation are drawn above and below the base line respectively. Pie or circular diagram is a circle divided into various segments showing the per cent values of a series. Histogram is graphical presentations of a frequency distribution of a continuous series.It can never be drawn for a discrete series. Frequency polygon is drawn by joining the mid points of the tops of rectangles in a histogram. It is constructed with the help of discrete as well as continuous series. Frequency curve is obtained by joining the points of a frequency polygon through free hand smooth curve not by straight lines. Cumulative frequency curves or ogive curve is the curve which is constructed by plotting cumulative frequency data on the graph paper in the form of a smooth curve. Arithmetic line Graphs or Time Series Graphs:-   In this graph, time(hour,day, date, week, month, year) is plotted along X-axis and the  corresponding value of variable along Y-axis.

Presentation of Data class 11 Notes

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• Introduction class 11 Notes Economics
• Collection of Data class 11 Notes Economics
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• Measures of Dispersion class 11 Notes Economics
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Commerce Aspirant » Economics Class 11 » Presentation of data class 11

Presentation of data class 11

Presentation of data class 11 notes are presented in this post for easy access to the students. By taking these notes, you can stay active and engaged throughout your reading, revision, and lectures. They also help with clear thinking and understanding. Choose the most important ideas to focus on. These notes provide a useful record of important information and its sources. You’ll be able to recall better what you heard with these notes.

• Presentation of data
• Textual Presentation
• Objective of Tabulation

Parts of a table

• Types of table
• Diagrammatic and Graphical Presentation
• Steps to construct pie diagram
• Bar Diagram

Limitations of diagrammatic presentation

• Advantages of graphical presentation
• Functions of a graph

Frequency Diagram

Arithmetic line graph, presentation of data class 11 .

The presentation of data in such a clear and appealing manner that it is simple to comprehend and analyse is referred to as “data presentation.”

Methods of presentation of data

• Textual or descriptive presentation
• Tabular presentation
• Diagrammatic presentation
• Graphic presentation

Textual Presentation under Presentation of data class 11 

Data are presented in the form of text or textual or descriptive presentation. This works well when the amount of data isn’t too big.

For example; The number of boys in class 10th A was 320, out of which 200 were from the humanities section.

• The only limitation it has is that one needs to go through the entire text for comprehension.

Tabular Presentation

In a tabular presentation, data becomes a part of any study, description, or text or becomes a matter of study. When numerical data is presented in a systematic way in rows and columns it is called tabulation.

Objectives of Tabulation under Presentation of data class 11 

• Tables aim to present the classified data in an orderly way. The idea behind this is to simplify the complex data.
• Tabulation is very important to save space by providing the data in a meaningful manner.
• Tabulation facilitates quick comparisons among total observations.
• Tabulation is a phase between a classification of data and its presentation. Therefore statistical analysis becomes easier when it comes to Tabulation.
• Numbers and data can be easily identified in providing references.
• Title; The title of the table should be attractive and informative.
• Size; The size of the table should be manageable.
• Attractive presentation; A table should be appealing to the eye.
• Suitable purpose; A table should stick to its statistical information.
• Simple; It should be easy to comprehend.
• Comparison of data; The data that needs to be compared should be placed in columns and rows.
• Columns and rows; The columns and rows should be numbered for reference.
• Clarity; A table should be complete and self-explanatory.
• Units; The units of the variables should be specified, such as Price In ₹, weight in kg.

Classification of Data and Tabular Presentation

• Qualitative Classification of Data and Tabular Presentation; This occurs when data is classified on the basis of qualitative attributes.
• Quantitative Classification of Data; This occurs when data are classified based on the quantitative characteristics of a phenomenon.
• Temporal Classification: Data are categorised using a temporal classification system, with time serving as the classifying variable.
• Spatial Classification; Location takes on the role of the classifying variable in spatial classification. It could be a district, a town, a village, etc.

  Types of Tables under Presentation of data class 11 

• Classification by Objective or Purpose These tables are divided into two categories:
• Table for All Purposes: A General Purpose Table covers a wide range of information on the same topic and provides a detailed representation of the raw data. The data are presented without any particular analytical purpose. These tables typically have a large size and are typically included for reference in the appendix. There are numerous applications for these tables. They are used a lot in the government departments’ reports. Other names for it include “Reference Table” and “Repository Table.”
• Table for Special Purposes: These tables give data intended for a specific enquiry. Take, for instance, a company’s annual production figures. The results of data analysis are presented in these typically brief tables. Other names for it include “Text Table,” “Summary Table,” and “Analytical Table.”

2. Classification Based on the Nature of the Data Based on the nature of the data’s originality, there may be two types of tables:

• The initial table: The statistical data are presented in their original form in the Original Table, i. There is no rounding of the numbers in this kind of table. It contains information that was initially gathered from the primary source. Other names for it include “Primary Table” and “Classification Table.”
• Table Derivative: a table that displays averages, percentages, ratios, and other derived results from the original data, is referred to as a Derived Table. It conveys the data gleaned from the primary or original tables. A “Derivative Table” is another name for it.

3. Classification Based on Extent of Coverage Tables can be of two types depending on the extent of coverage (or construction):

• Plain Table: The simplest form of a table, this one presents data in accordance with a single characteristic. Since only one variable is being investigated, the univariate frequency distribution is presented in a one-way table. Other names for it include “One-way Table” and “First Order Table.”
• The Double or Two-Way Table: It details two aspects of a particular phenomenon that are interconnected. The table, for instance, would transform into a two-way table if the numbers of Class XI students in various sections were further divided according to gender.
• Treble Table, or three-way table: Three data characteristics are categorized in a three-way table. It details three characteristics of a particular phenomenon that are connected to each other. A three-way table would be required in the case of the two-way table if the students were further divided into day-scholars and hostellers.
• Table of Manifolds: Manifold Table is the name of the table that describes more than three data characteristics. Numerous interrelated issues or characteristics of a given phenomenon are described in these tables. A table in this form is the most complicated.

Diagrammatic and Graphical Presentation under Presentation of data class 11 

Diagrammatic presentation of data refers to the process of presenting data straightforwardly and appealingly.

• These transform the extremely abstract concepts contained in numbers into a form that is more tangible and simpler to comprehend.

Merits of Diagrammatic presentation

Diagrams give a bird’s eye-view of the whole mass of statistical data and are extremely usefu and significant. The following are some of the benefits or applications of diagrammatic presentation:

• Diagrams are eye-catching and powerful: Even a layperson can be drawn to data that is presented in the form of diagrams because of their usefulness and advantages. As a result, diagrams attract more attention than figures do. In everyday life, while reading newspapers, magazines, and other publications, We mostly look at the diagrams, but we skip over the figures. As a result, diagrams are frequently used in public events like board meetings, conferences, exhibitions, seminars, and others.
• Attractive and impressive, easy to remember, simplifies data, cuts down on time spent making comparisons, and provides additional information 2. Simple to Recall: Diagrams help people remember a lot. Compared to figures presented in tabular form, the mental image created by diagrams lasts significantly longer.
• Data is simplified by diagrams: Diagrams are used to simplify and make easy-to-understand representations of huge amounts of complex data.
• Diagrams are time-saving: The complicated mass of data is simplified by diagrams. Therefore, data that is presented in the form of diagrams is easy to comprehend. However, it takes a lot of time to analyze the significance and trend of large amounts of data.
• When making comparisons, diagrams are helpful: Using diagrams to display two sets of data makes it simpler to compare them. Through the use of diagrams, for instance, it is simple to compare the population growth rates of various nations.
• Universality of Application: This method can be used anywhere, at any time, and in any place. The majority of subjects and other fields employ this method.
• Diagrams provide additional data: Diagrams not only show the characteristics of the data, but they also reveal other omitted facts and relationships that cannot be determined by tabulating or categorizing the data.

Different kinds of diagrammatic presentations under Presentation of data class 11 

Pie diagram.

• Arithmetic line graph

A pie diagram, also known as a circular diagram, is a circle with various segments that represent the percentage values of a series. These diagrams do not show the exact value of the variables.

Steps to construct a pie diagram

• Using a compass, draw a circle of the right size, taking into account the size of the paper and the data to be represented.
• Make percentages of the total from the values of the various components.
• In the circle, the percentage values are converted into the appropriate degrees. Since each item’s percentage value is equal to 100 and a circle contains 360 degrees, one percentage value is represented by 100 360 degrees, or 3.6 degrees. To determine the number of angles, multiply each percentage value by 3.6.
• To draw the angles that are represented by the first component, use a radius, preferably horizontally, as the base line. The new line will serve as the foundation for the angular representation of the second component. This procedure should be repeated until each component is represented.
• For proper identification, depict various components in various shades, designs, or colours .

Bar Diagram under Presentation of data class 11 

Bar diagrams are diagrams in which data are shown as bars or rectangles.

There are four types of Bar Diagrams;

Nowadays, diagrams enjoy a lot of popularity. However, despite their utility, they are constrained in some ways. The following are the restrictions:

• Experts will not benefit: Diagrams only provide a hazy understanding of the issue, which may be useful for the average person but not for an expert who wants a precise understanding.
• Limited Details: The information provided by diagrams is limited and approximate. We must refer to the original statistical tables for comprehensive and precise data.
• They can only be used in comparison studies: Only when comparisons are desired are diagrams useful. A single diagram is not very important. It can only be interpreted in conjunction with another diagram that can be used as a comparison.
• Easy to Misuse: Diagrams are susceptible to easy misuse. If the wrong kind of diagram is used, it will draw false conclusions. As a result, one should always take precautions against them.
• Lack of Additional Research: Diagrams cannot be investigated further.
• Impossible Presentation with a Minute Difference: Diagrams fail to reveal minute variations in large figures (observations). Diagrams only show values with a very low level of precision. For instance, if two significant figures, such as 8,560 and 8,500, are depicted in a diagram, the difference will not be very obvious.

Graphic presentation under Presentation of data class 11 

Advantages of graphic presentation.

The following are the main advantages of using graphics to present data:

• Impressive and appealing: Compared to tables of figures, graphs are always more attractive and impressive. Graphs can explain a fact that is hard for the average person to comprehend. As a result, the expression “a picture is worth a thousand words” applies.
• Data presented in a way that is easy to comprehend: Graphs assist in simplifying and comprehending complex data. Both the observer and the statistician benefit from the time and effort saved.
• Using as a comparison: Graphs make it simple to compare two or more phenomena.
• Where the positional averages are: Positional averages like the median, mode, and quartiles can be found using graphs.
• No need to be proficient in mathematics: Because they are so straightforward and straightforward, comprehending the graphs does not necessitate a great deal of technical knowledge. It’s easy for even a layperson with no mathematical background to understand.
• Contributing to Predictions: Trends that could occur in the near future can be better predicted using graphs.
• Benefit for all: Graphs can now be used in a variety of fields, including trade, economics, government agencies, advertising, and more.

Functions of Graph under Presentation of data class 11 

• To make complex data simple.
• To make comparisons easy.
• To check on accuracy.
• To make more penetrating analysis.

Types of Graphs under Presentation of data class 11 

Frequency diagrams like the histogram, frequency polygon, frequency curve, and ogive are typically used to represent data that is composed of grouped frequency distributions.

Two types of Histogram frequency distribution are;

• Histograms of equal class intervals
• Histograms of unequal class intervals.

• The less than method, adds the frequencies corresponding to each upper limit of the series starting with the upper limit of the first values.
• More than Method: We take the cumulative total of the frequencies starting with the lower limit of the first class interval in this method.

Line Frequency Graph; They are used to depict discrete series.

An arithmetic Line graph is also known as Time series; This graph plots time (hour, day, date, week, month, and year) along the X-axis and the variable’s value along the Y-axis.

There are two types of arithmetic line graphs.

Limitations of graphic presentation under Presentation of data class 11 

The following are the drawbacks of graphic presentation:

• Application Limitations: They are primarily intended to inform the general public about quantitative facts. Graphic presentation is of little use to experts.
• It’s possible to misuse them: A significant variation in the graph’s shape may result from a minor challenge or measurement error. As a result, it may result in false positives. Even biased individuals can use it to present a false narrative.
• Subjective: In nature, graphs are subjective. Each person’s interpretation is different.
• Lack of Precision: The precision of the data is not shown by graphs. They only display data fluctuations. As a result, they are not suitable for testing the data’s accuracy.

  Presentation of data class 11 notes give a wholesome definition of presentation and various related concepts. You can stay active and engaged throughout your reading, revision, and lectures by taking these notes. Additionally, they aid in clear thinking and comprehension. Selectively identify important ideas. A useful record of important information and its sources can be found in these notes. These notes will help you remember what you heard better.

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Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes PDF (Handwritten & Short Notes)

For some students, Presentation of Data can be complex and difficult. To understand each and every topic in an easier way, students can look through the Presentation of Data Class 11 notes. After understanding the chapter Presentation of Data, it is important for students to practise many questions from Class 11 Economics notes so that level of understanding can be evaluated. 

After practising questions from the Presentation of Data Class 11 notes, students can also go through the solutions. These answers and solutions for given questions are explained in an elaborate manner. Through this explanation, students can easily decrease the errors done while attempting questions. Accordingly, students can increase their efficiency level for the chapter Presentation of Data. 

Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes PDF

The Presentation of Data Class 11 notes are created by our subject matter experts in a creative way. This short and compressed content is easily and freely accessible through the Selfstudys website. Easy and free access to the Class 11 Economics Notes PDF can be useful for all students who are in need. 

How to Download the Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes?

To have a brief knowledge about the chapter and to practise regularly, students can go through the given steps.

• Open the Selfstudys website on your device. 
• Click the navigation button which can be seen on the top of the page. 
• Select NCERT Books & Solutions. 
• A pop-up menu will appear, select NCERT Notes from the given list.

• A new page will appear, select Class 11th from the list of classes. 
• Now click Economics from the list of subjects.

• Again a new page will appear, select the chapter Presentation of Data Class 11 notes. 

Features of Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes

These Presentation of Data Class 11 notes are considered to be an important study material by students. As it is great to keep a track on performance while preparing for the chapter Presentation of Data. Here are some important features of the Class 11 Economics notes:

• Brief Summary is Given: When a student starts preparing for the chapter Presentation of Data, a brief summary is very important. These brief summaries are given in the Presentation of Data Class 11 notes. According to the given summary, students can get a brief idea about the chapter. 
• All Sorts of Questions Are Provided: After finishing the chapter, students need to practise all sorts of questions which are provided in the Class 11 Presentation of Data notes. Practising questions in a uniform way can help students to improve their level of understanding. 
• Answers to the Questions are Given: Answers are given to each and every question included in the Presentation of Data Class 11 notes. With the help of the answers given, students can easily solve all their doubts regarding the chapter. 
• Frequently Asked Questions by the CBSE Board are Given: Inside the Class 11 Economics notes, frequently asked questions of the chapter Presentation of Data by the CBSE board are also given. Through this, students can get an idea about the level of difficulty in the Class 11 CBSE board. 
• Numerals and Solutions are Given: For the chapter Presentation of Data, some numerical questions are also given with solutions. With the help of numericals, students can easily improve their level of accuracy while attempting questions.  
• Chapter Name is Included: Inside the Class 11 Economics notes, chapter name of Presentation of Data is given. By looking through the chapter name, students can get a brief idea about what all need to be covered. 

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The Presentation of Data Class 11 notes can be beneficial throughout the preparation as it is a good source of information. This is one of the important advantages while preparing for the chapter Presentation of Data. Some other advantages are: 

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• Improves Accuracy Level: Being accurate means to write or mark the answers correctly without any kind of errors. Practising questions on a uniform basis, students can easily improve their accuracy level. 
• Improves Inner Confidence: Getting to know and practise the frequently asked Presentation of Data questions, students can maintain and improve their inner confidence. Self-confidence is a must for Class 11 students so that they can remove stress and anxiety. 
• Provided in Simple Language: Questions and concepts are explained in an easy and simple language in the Class 11 Presentation of Data notes. Simple language of the Class 11 notes can also help weak students to understand the chapter in a better way.  
• Important Recalling Tool: The Presentation of Data Class 11 notes are considered to be an important recalling tool. For all students, it is a must to recall the given topics. Students can use the Presentation of Data Class 11 notes as it is considered ideal for the revision purpose.  
• Eye-Catching Format: These Class 11 Economics notes of chapter Presentation of Data are presented in an eye-catching format where diagrams are given, short and precise definitions along with the colourful images are given. This format can attract many students to look through the Class 11 Economics and study accordingly.

What are Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes and Why Is It Popular?  

The Presentation of Data Class 11 notes are considered to be necessary study resources as it includes all the important topics and concepts. With the help of notes, students can build a strong foundation for the chapter Presentation of Data. A strong grip for the chapter Presentation of Data is important for all students to perform and score better in the chapter. 

It is popular among students because the revision notes of Class 11 Presentation of Data saves student’s time and helps them clear their doubts in less time. Also, the notes are easier to grasp which allow students to cover more topics in a short span of time.

Super Easy Ways To Learn Through Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes

Before starting to learn through the Presentation of Data Class 11 notes, students need to first cover the chapter from the NCERT Class 11 Economics book. In the chapter, all the topics and concepts are explained in a broad way. After completing the chapter Presentation of Data, students can solve questions in a proper way. These questions and answers of the chapter are also given clearly in the Class 11 Economics notes. Taking help of Class 11 Economic notes students can ease their preparation process and can perform well in the chapter Presentation of Data questions. 

Tips to Cover the Chapter Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes

Students are requested to follow basic tips to cover the chapter Presentation of Data so that they can perform better in those questions. Some of the important and basic tips are: 

• Complete the Chapter: Major step in preparing well is to complete the chapter Presentation of Data given in the Class 11 NCERT Economics book. Students need to read and understand each topic in the chapter Presentation of Data. 
• Fix a Proper Routine: While preparing for the Economics chapter Presentation of Data, students need to fix and maintain a proper schedule. Students need to include short breaks at frequent intervals in the schedule. With the help of systematic routine, students can easily cover the Class 11 Economics chapter. 
• Take Own Notes: While understanding and studying the chapter Presentation of Data, students can make their notes. Inside the notes, all the topics and concepts need to be elaborated in a proper manner. 
• Practise Questions: After completing the chapter Presentation of Data, students can easily practise questions in a better way. Students can exercise questions from the NCERT Class 11 Economics book or the Presentation of Data Class 11 notes. 
• Maintain a Proper Diet: While completing the chapter Presentation of Data, students need to maintain a proper and healthy diet. Unhealthy diet of a student can decrease their level of concentration. As concentrating towards the Presentation of Data is important to complete the chapter in a proper way because it can help students score better marks.
• Take Note of Mistakes: Students are suggested to take a note of all the earlier mistakes made. This can help them to analyse the mistakes and rectify them accordingly. 
• Pay Attention to Topics and Concepts: It is important for students to recall all topics and concepts of Presentation of Data to be able to perform well in the board examination. Therefore, the best method to use the Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes is to recall the studied topics and concepts using revision notes.
• Prefer Day Study: While completing the chapter Presentation of Data, students should prefer day study. Daylight is better than artificial light, accordingly students can improve their concentration skill in the daytime. 

Is Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes Relevant?

The Presentation of Data Class 11 notes contains the most relevant content. Relevant content means how well the information is presented so that students can use it. Accordingly, students don’t need to search for something relevant here and there. With the help of relevant content students can understand the chapter Presentation of Data in a better way.

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Presentation of Data Class 11 Notes: CBSE 11th Economics Chapter 4, Download PDF

Cbse class 11 presentation of data   revision   notes: find here handwritten revision notes for cbse class 11 economics chapter 4, presentation of data. a pdf download link is also available for the same, at the bottom of the article..

Presentation of Data Class 11 Revision Notes: In this article, students can find complete Revision Notes for CSBE Class 11 Economics Chapter 4, Presentation of data. Entire notes have been prepared according to the updated CBSE Syllabus 2023-2024.

Presentation of data teaches students about the power of visualization. How data can be represented in a manner such that it becomes understandable, informative, and interesting at the same time. Economists use multiple forms of representation to showcase different types of data. Each of the forms is explained in detail here so that it becomes easier for students to present data in different forms, as per the requirement.

This article also presents links to other important study materials for Class 11 students. Links to the updated CBSE Class 11 Syllabus are also attached below for your reference.

CBSE Class 11 Economics Syllabus 2023-2024(PDF)

CBSE Class 11 Economics Deleted Syllabus 2023-2024(PDF)

Revision Notes for CBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 1 2023-2024(PDF)

Revision Notes for CBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 2 2023-2024(PDF)

Revision Notes for CBSE Class 11 Economics Chapter 3 2023-2024(PDF)

Revision Notes for Class 11 Economics Chapter 4 are presented below:

Presentation of Data - Since data is complex and voluminous, it has to be presented in a manner such that the data becomes understandable and presentable.

Forms of Presentation :

1.Textual or Descriptive Presentation - In this form of presentation, data are described within the text. It is suitable when the quantity of data is not too large. The benefit of using this form is that it gives room for explanation of all relevant data and a disadvantage is that person has to go through every single line for conclusion.

• Qualitative Classification - When classification is done according to attributes, such as social status, physical status, nationality, etc., it is called qualitative classification.
• Quantitative Classification - When classification is done on the basis of characteristics that are quantitative in nature is called quantitative classification.
• Temporal Classification : In this classification, time becomes the classifying variable and data are categorized according to time. Time may be in hours, days, weeks, months, years, etc.
• Spatial Classification : When classification is done on the basis of place, it is called spatial classification. The place may be a village/tow

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• Table Number - A table number is assigned to a table for identification purposes. If more than one table is presented, it is the table number that distinguishes one table from another. It is given at the top or at the beginning of the title of the table. Generally, table numbers are whole numbers in ascending order if there are many tables in a book.
• Title - It narrates the contents of the table. It has to be clear, brief, and carefully worded so that the interpretations made from the table are clear and free from ambiguity. It finds a place at the head of the table succeeding the table number or just below it.
• Captions or Column Headings - At the top of each column in a table a column designation is given to explain the figures of the column. This is called a caption or column heading.
• Stubs or Row Headings - Like a caption or column heading, each row of the table has to be given a heading. The designations of the rows are also called stubs or stub items, and the complete left column is known as the stub column.
• Body - The body of a table is the main part and it contains the actual data. The location of any one figure/data in the table is fixed and determined by the row and column of the table.\
• Unit of Measurement - Units of measurement must be stated along with the title. If different units are there for rows or columns of the table, these units must be stated along with ‘stubs’ or ‘captions.
• Source - It is a brief statement or phrase indicating the source of data presented in the table. If more than one source is there, all the sources are to be written in the source. The source is generally written at the bottom of the table.
• Note - Note is the last part of the table. It explains the specific feature of the data content of the table which is not self-explanatory and has not been explained earlier.
• Geometric diagram - A bar diagram and a pie diagram are the two types of geometric diagrams. The bar diagram comprises a group of equispaced and equiwidth rectangular bars for each class or category of data. Height or length of the bar reads the magnitude of data. Bar diagrams are further categorized into simple bar diagrams, multiple bar diagrams, and component bar diagram. A pie diagram is also a component diagram, but unlike a bar diagram, here it is a circle whose area is proportionally divided among the components.
• Frequency diagram - Data in the form of grouped frequency distributions are generally represented by frequency diagrams like histograms, frequency polygons, frequency curves, and ogive.
• Arithmetic line graph - An arithmetic line graph is also called a time series graph. In this graph, time(hour, day/date, week, month, year, etc.) is plotted along the x-axis and the value of the variable (time series data) is along the y-axis.

This chapter is comparatively short and easier to grasp. These notes shall be enough for your preparation for the annual examinations.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 - Presentation Of Data

• NCERT Solutions
• Statistics For Economics
• Chapter 4 Presentation Of Data

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 - Presentation of Data

Commerce students of Class 11 have Statistics as one of the core subjects in their curriculum. When it comes to Statistics, students require an in-depth understanding of each concept. Regular practice and revision are equally essential to score well in this subject. Thus, apart from textbooks , students also need proper reference material for the lessons. NCERT Solutions are an excellent resource to refer to for Statistics lessons. The first part of the Class 11 Economics syllabus i s dedicated to Statistics. Part A or Statistics for Economics include:

Introduction

Collection, Organisation, and Presentation of Data

Statistical Tools and Interpretation

NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 Presentation of Data

Chapter 4 in this section, is the Presentation of Data. NCERT solutions for class 11 statistics for economics chapter 4 is also available, which covers every topic of the concerned chapter.

Data Can Be Represented In Two Forms. They Are As Follows

Textual Presentation

Tabular Presentation

Diagrammatic Presentation

In a textual presentation of data, data form a part of the text or description pf the subject matter. The tabular presentation of data, on the other hand, shows a systematic presentation of numerical data. The tabular presentation includes various components. They are:

Table number

Body or field

Under diagrammatic presentation, bar diagrams are one of the most popular types of data presentation. Different types of bar diagram are:

Simple Bar Diagram

Multiple Bar Diagram

Percentage Bar Diagram

Sub Divided Bar Diagram

All of the above topics have been serially detailed in NCERT solutions class 11 statistics chapter 4. The 15 questions included in this chapter provide a proper insight into “Presentation of Data’.

Questions Given in the NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Statistics for Economics Chapter 4

Each question in the NCERT solutions is followed by a precise, appropriate, and relevant answer. The answers which are given in the solution also follow the CBSE pattern of the exam. This helps students get a brief idea regarding the types of questions they might face in the final exams. Here’s a gist of all the questions included in the Statistics class 11 NCERT solutions chapter 4:

Question 1: The very first question in this chapter of NCERT solution is regarding bar diagrams. The question asks whether the bar diagram is a one-dimensional, two-dimensional or non-dimensional diagram. Bar diagrams are single-dimensional. Although it contains two axes in the form of rectangular bars, the width plays no role in data presentation. Only length plays a part in bar diagrams.

Question 2: The second question NCERT solutions for class 11 statistics for economics chapter 4 is directed towards histograms. It asks students the use of histograms. Histograms are used to represent the value of mode of frequency distribution through graphs with the help of the highest rectangle.

Question 3: The third question is regarding ogives. It asks if ogives can be helpful in graphically locating the mean, mode, or median. The answer to this question would be ‘median’. The point of intersection of more than and less than ogives shows the median of data.

Question 4: The 4 th question is NCERT solutions class 11 statistics chapter 4 asks what data represented through arithmetic line graph depict. The options in this question include ‘long-term trend’, ‘cyclicity in data’, and ‘seasonality in data’. Arithmetic line graph assists in understanding the periodicity and trend observed in long-term continuous data.

Question 5: The 5 th question is based on a true/false statement. The statement given is whether the width of bars in a bar diagram can be unequal. This statement is, however, false. The rectangular bars in a bar diagrams need to be of equal width for any given data.

Question 6: The statement given in this question is ‘Width of rectangles in a histogram should essentially be equal’. It is a false statement. The width of rectangles in a histogram can be uneven.

Question 7: Here, the statement in question is ‘Histogram can only be formed with a continuous classification of data’. This is a true statement. Histograms are always drawn for continuous data. Even if the given data is discrete or discontinuous, it is first changed into continuous form to form a histogram.

Question 8: The statement in this question is Histograms and column diagram are a similar way of presentation of data. However, this is a false statement. The histogram is a two-dimensional diagram which is drawn for continuous data. The rectangles do not have any space between them. On the other hand, the column diagram is a one-dimensional diagram which has space between each column or bar. 

Question 9: The 9 th question has ‘Mode of a frequency distribution can be known graphically with the help of histogram’ as a statement. This statement in NCERT solutions for class 11 statistics for economics chapter 4 is true. The rectangle with the highest measure in a histogram gives the value of mode of a frequency distribution. 

Question 10: The statement given in this question is that the median of a frequency distribution cannot be assessed from the ogives. This is false. The point of intersection of less than along with more than ogives shows the median.

Question 11: The 11 th question in this chapter asks students to provide relevant forms of diagrams to represent different data. There are three sub-parts to this question. They are:

Monthly annual rainfall

Composition of Delhi’s population by religion

Components of the factory’s expenses

The relevant answers to the above questions are bar diagram, component bar diagram, and a pie chart respectively.

Question 12: This question in NCERT solutions for class 11 statistics for economics chapter 4 would require students to represent data in a tabular form. The question provides data related to the share of non-workers and lower urbanisation level in India.

Question 13: The 13 th question is how the procedure of drawing histograms differ when class intervals are unequal compared to equal class intervals in a frequency table.

Question 14 and Question 15 also include data, based on which students will have to form a relevant presentation.

Students can find the PDF of the Statistics lessons in the Vedantu App. The App also provides a free download option of NCERT solutions for class 11 statistics for economics chapter 4. Along with that, students also get online classes, one-on-one guidance, and revision notes to prepare well for exams.

CBSE Class 11 Statistics Chapter 4 Other Study Materials

Chapter-wise ncert solutions for class 11 statistics, important related links for cbse class 11 statistics, faqs on ncert solutions for class 11 statistics chapter 4 - presentation of data.

1. What are the different ways of representing data?

Ans: Data can be presented in the form of text, table or diagrams. It depends on the nature and category of data being represented. Under diagrammatic presentation of data, there can be different types. They are bar diagram, pie or circular diagram, frequency diagram data, histogram, polygon, frequency curve, arithmetic line graph, ogive or cumulative curve, etc.

2. What are the advantages of diagrammatic or graphical presentation of data?

Ans: Many times the diagrammatic presentation of data is considered more convenient over the other forms. So, the advantages of diagrammatic and graphical presentation of data include:

Informative and catchy

Simple to understand

Easy to compare data

Needs less training or specialisation to create graphs

Helps in the study of correlation

3. Which types of questions are provided in the NCERT solutions for class 11 statistics for economics chapter 4?

Ans: Chapter 4 in Class 11 Statistics NCERT solutions includes 15 questions. Some of these questions are conceptual and objective. A few questions in this chapter are based on a ‘true or false’ statement. In some questions, students will have to represent the data given to them.

 4. What is Chapter 4 of the Class 11 Statistics textbook about?

Ans: The chapter talks about the presentation of data. Data is the information that is collected and needs to be organized to study a hypothesis or to reach a conclusion. The chapter mentions textual presentation, tabular presentation as well as diagrammatic presentation of data. The data when presented makes it easier to study and analyze and it is also more appealing to the eyes. Data presented in a clear manner makes it easy to understand. 

5. Is Chapter 4 of Class 11 Statistics important?

Ans: The chapter of the Statistics textbook of Class 11 is titled as Presentation of data. The chapter enables us to understand how one can present and analyze the data. We all, consciously or unconsciously, deal with data, arrange it and use it for getting better results. Understanding the presentation of data also allows us to smartly plan our studies and preparation as well as allows us to understand how we can utilise minimum resources to achieve maximum results. The knowledge gained from the chapter will come in handy in education and in real life.

6. How can I approach the chapter Presentation of Data of Class 11 Statistics?

Ans: The chapter is a part of your statistics textbook and is also a crucial part of the border economics discipline. Understanding the concepts given in the chapter will also facilitate to an extent your understanding of economics. You can start by reading the chapter and understanding the various methods of presenting the data. Make useful notes in your notebook along with the visual representation of the methods. You should also attempt the questions given at the end of the chapter. Make sure you revise your notes on a regular basis.

7. How useful are Vedantu solutions for the preparation of Chapter 4 Presentation of Data of Class 11 Statistics?

Ans: When you are studying Statistics, it is imperative that you have a strong understanding of the core concepts of the discipline. The solutions which are prepared by the expert faculty at Vedantu helps you to clear any doubts or confusion you might have with regard to the concepts of the chapter. They will also come in handy during revision as they cover the chapter in its entirety. You will also get a basic idea about how one should write and present the answers. These solutions are available at free of cost on Vedantu(vedantu.com) and mobile app. 

8. Explain diagrammatic presentation of data.

Ans: The diagrammatic presentation of data is one of the methods through which you can present the data. The data is presented in a comprehensible form that makes the data easy to comprehend and analyze. In this method, numbers or numerical data are represented through diagrams. The diagrammatic presentation can be further categorized into bar graphs, pie charts or circular diagrams, frequency diagrams, and arithmetic line graphs. It is also an attractive way of presenting the data and catches the attention of the reader.