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The History of Jazz

Jul 08, 2014

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The History of Jazz. A Truly “American” Art. 1900-1950. Jazz Styles. Roots of jazz. Jazz embodies the notion of America because, like America, it is a melding pot of many styles, cultures, arts, etc. Early Jazz blended elements from many musical cultures (west Africa, America, Europe).

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The History of Jazz A Truly “American” Art

1900-1950 Jazz Styles

Roots of jazz • Jazz embodies the notion of America because, like America, it is a melding pot of many styles, cultures, arts, etc. • Early Jazz blended elements from many musical cultures (west Africa, America, Europe)

American Slavery • A majority of America’s slaves originally came from west Africa • An are that today includes Ghana, Nigeria, and several other countries

West African Music Many west African musical traits are prevalent in jazz Such elements include; Improvisation Drumming Percussive sounds Complex Rhythms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F3VAkeWvKBE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41F9jpWmS4U

The “Call and Response” technique is a crucial part of west African music as well as early jazz Call and response occurs when a leader states a musical idea and that idea is then echoed by the group This can also occur between two groups Or between vocalists and instruments http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vpUkS9-ObDM&list=PL8FE4BA8BE60BCF13

The Spiritual • When the peoples of west Africa were brought to the Americas as slaves, they were often separated from their families and tribes. • In most cases they were forced to work in extremely difficult conditions on southern plantations • Music was often used as a means of entertainment or diversion from the rigors of the day

The Spiritual • Like most early African-American music, spirituals were shared through oral tradition and passed along by word of mouth

Double entendre • All spirituals, on the surface, reference some sacred idea. • The river Jordan • Battle of Jericho • Elijah’s Chariot • Etc. • However, these spirituals often contained underlying messages of freedom. • It has been speculated that they were used to communicate covertly amongst one another even when guards were present • Often these messages were about escape attempts/opportunities, the “underground railroad,” etc.

Two spirituals • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vg_8L96E3eU • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jlHZbCxUEt • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPZuWzZvoYQ • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ks7fLAwzVxY Wade in the Water Joshua Fit the Battle of Jericho

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ljup8cIRzIk • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVyBjqY3r0k Swing Low Sweet Chariot

Caucasian influences • Early Jazz was also influenced by music of “white” America. These influences included; • Hymns • Popular Songs • Folk Tunes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RZgOKLFuDOU&list=PLC4D46DBF90A1D35A • Dances • Marches • Piano Music

The American Band tradition • The American band tradition played a HUGE role in the development of early jazz • Bands – both black and white – played important roles in American life • Virtually every town and village had a band to perform at fairs, picnics, parades, political rallies, dances, and carnivals • Most of the instruments used in these village bands were marching band instruments • Trumpet • Trombone • Clarinet • Tuba • Drums • These same instruments were the foundation of early jazz bands

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oNhC2Bd-ML8 Philadelphia German Brass Band Olympia Brass Band New Orleans

Elements of Jazz • Like other music of the 20th century, jazz is too diverse and complex to be defined by any single formula. We’ll now consider some of the common elements in jazz prior to 1950. • Tone Color • Improvisation • Rhythm, Melody, and Harmony

Tone Color • Jazz is generally played by a small group (combo) of 3-8 players • Or by a “big band” of 10-15 • The heart of any jazz ensemble is the Rhythm Section. • The rhythm section always contains a piano, and a plucked bass. • It may also contain drums and sometimes guitar

Tone Color • Jazz puts musical emphasis on woodwind and brass instruments rather than the bowed strings of the symphonic orchestra. • Compared with classical musicians, who strive for an “Ideal” sound, jazz performers aim for more individuality of sound and tone color • For example it is usually easier to distinguish between two jazz trumpet players than between two “classical” trumpeters

Tone Color • Although jazz is instrumental at its core, players try to match the personal quality of singing • It is hard to classify these distinct sounds but they often have to do with how notes are attacked or released and with how the vibrato is used. • Many of these inflections might be described as “smears,” “scoops,” “falloffs,” and “shakes”

Improvisation • Improvisation is the very heart of jazz music • The idea that the musician is creating new music live and on-the-spot is electrifying • Of course, not all jazz is improvised. Most songs alternate between pre-composed and improvised sections • Most jazz improvisation is based off of the “Theme and Variation” idea • A musical theme or melody is presented then the player will proceed to make his own improvised variation

Rhythm, Melody, and Harmony • Syncopation and rhythmicswingare the two most distinctive features of jazz • Syncopation = results when accented notes come between beats • Swing = notes that are normally even or equal are played in an uneven manner • Also, in jazz, there are usually 4 beats per measure with stress applied to beats 2 & 4 • 1-2-3-4

Rhythm, Melody, and Harmony • Jazz melodies are flexible in pitch as well as rhythm • A performer must deviate from the notated rhythms to get a true jazz feel • They use a major scale but often lower of flatten the 3rd, 5th, and/or 7th notes • These “bent” or “blue” notes came from the blues genre • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=noBvKz0YQm0

Ragtime • Ragtime is a style of composed piano music that flourished from the 1890s to about 1915. • It was developed primarily by African-American pianists who traveled in the midwest and south playing in saloons and dance halls. • It became nationally popular and reached millions shortly after its creation because of sheet music sales, player, pianos, ragtime songs, and arrangements for dance and marching bands

Player Pianos

Ragtime • Ragtime piano music is usually in a duple meter (2 beats per measure) and performed at a moderate march tempo • The player’s right hand plays a highly syncopated melody • The left hand steadily maintains the beat with an “oom-pah” style accompaniment • Ragtime combines the forms of European marches and dances with the rhythms of African American folk music • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPmruHc4S9Q

Scott Joplin (1868-1917) • The “King of Ragtime” • Joplin was a classically trained pianist and composer whose father had been a slave • Along with countless rags, he also wrote a ballet and 2 operas • His most famous works are The Entertainer and Maple Leaf Rag • Maple Leaf Rag was named after the saloon in Sedalia, Missouri, where he worked • After it was published in 1899, it sold hundreds of thousands of copies • This allowed Joplin to quit his saloon job and move to St. Louis, where he taught piano and composed full-time

Scott Joplin • In 1909, Joplin settled in New York for the last years of his life • This was a bleak period for him • His health was failing and he was unsuccessful in desperate attempts to get a professional production of his opera Treemonisha(1911) • Finally, in 1915, he produced the opera himself in Harlem without scenery, costumes, or orchestra • The failure of this endeavour led to a mental and physical breakdown • He was confined to a hospital in 1916 and died the following year

Maple Leaf Rag • A classic example of ragtime, and one of Joplin’s most famous • It is in the standard ragtime form • AA BB A CC DD • Each section is 16 measures in length • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9uR9IPBX8I

Blues • The blues is a style that predominately grew out of the rural south and has its roots in spirituals and work songs • The blues is a musical form as well as a poetic form • Lyrics almost always consist of several three-line stanzas AAB • a: I’m going to leave baby, ain’t going to say goodbye • a: I’m going to leave baby, ain’t going to say goodbye • b: But I’ll write you and tell you the reason why

Blues • Blues singers have a special style of performance involving “bent” notes, microtonal shadings, and vocal scoops and slides • Jazz musicians would imitate this style with their instruments • Blues tends to utilize intensely personal lyrics • They often contain sexual references and deal with pain, betrayal, desertion, and unrequited love

Lost your head blues (1926) by Bessie Smith • Bessie Smith (1894-1937) was known as the “Empress of Blues” • She was the most famous blues singer of the 20s and her “Lost your head blues” typifies the genre • The lyrics express the feelings of a woman who plans to leave her man because she’s “been treated wrong” • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R1oKhVaKBRE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4fk2prKnYnI • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BTVUvHiuaGw

Dixieland New Orleans Style

New Orleans Style • From 1900-1917, jazz was rapidly developing in a number of US cities, but the major center was New Orleans • The home of such important jazz musicians as Ferdinand “Jelly Roll” Morton, Joseph “King” Oliver, and Louis Armstrong aka “Satchmo”

New Orleans • The city was a major port and trade hub. Therefor, it thrived both culturally and commercially • It had an extremely diverse population which included people many ancestries • African, French, Spanish, Portuguese, English, Italian, and Cuban.

New Orleans • This diversity of population mirrored in the arts as well • New Orleans had many genres of thriving music such as opera, chamber, folk, popular, and sacred music

Storyville • The hotbed of jazz activity in New Orleans was the “Storyville” district • This was a Red-light district of brothels, gambling joints, saloons, and dance halls. • These types of establishments often employed a piano player or small band • Not only did Storyville provide employment, it provided a place without constraints where musicians could innovate and experiment

Downfall of Storyville • In 1917, the Navy Department ordered that Storyville be shut down • After this the center of jazz shifted to cities like Chicago, Kansas City, and New York

New Orleans Style “Dixieland” • Dixieland was typically played by a small group of 5-8 performers • The melodic instruments called the “Front Line” included the • Trumpet, Clarinet, and Trombone • These players would improvise several contrasting melodies at once • This resulted in a polyphonic type of music • This collective improvisation is distinctly New Orleans Style

The front line instruments were supported by a rhythm section that clearly marked the beat and provided a background of chords • The section usually included drums, chordal instruments (banjo, guitar, piano), and a single low instrument (bass or tuba)

Dippermouth Blues (1923)by King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band • Even though it is not in the blues genre it borrows the common chord progression of the blues • In this piece you will hear many instances of “Collective Improvisation” as well as solo improvisation • The trumpet solo, played by Joe “King” Oliver utilizes many “blue” or lowered tones and swinging syncopation • His solo style will be imitated by many jazz musicians to come • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PwpriGltf9g

Louis Armstrong “Satchmo” • As both a trumpeter and singer, Armstrong (1901-1971) had a worldwide impact on jazz • He was born in the poor black section of New Orleans • He learned to play the trumpet in a reformatory (where he was sent at the age of 13 for shooting a gun into the air at New Years) • After a year of confinement he was playing the local honky-tonks at night • King Oliver took an interest in him and gave him lessons and eventually added him to his band

Armstrong was one of the all-time great jazz improvisers • He was able to invent extraordinary solos and transform ordinary tunes into swinging melodies • He also revealed new dimension of the trumpet • He demonstrated that it could be played even higher than ever thought possible • He would often “rip” up to extremely high notes

Scat Singing • Armstrong also introduced the world to Scat-Singing • Vocalization of a melody with nonsense syllables • “dah, bah, doo, bop, etc.” • His gravel throated voice was also one of the most unique voices of all time • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRjT4h7F_jw • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kmfeKUNDDYs

Swing • A new jazz style that developed around the 20s and flourished from 1935-1945 • This decade was called the “Swing Era” • Swing was played mainly by big bands, whose powerful sounds could fill a large dance hall or ballroom • During the 30’s and 40’s the swing was as influential as rock became in the 50’s and 60’s

Swing • Swing became a truly “popular” music, reaching millions of people through live performance, tv, and radio • Benny Goodman’s band was heard weekly on a radio program called “Lets Dance” • The kind of music associated with honky-tonks and brothels had achieved a new respect • This was symbolized by Benny Goodman’s historic jazz concert at Carnegie Hall in 1936

Repeal of Prohibition In 1933 the 21st amendment repealed the 18th, which outlawed alcohol This renewed liberty led to an explosion of dancehalls, ballrooms, and saloons In these places, swing music and swing dancing flourished.

Swing Bands • Swing bands were large ensembles “big bands” of 12-15 musicians • They were often named after their leaders • Duke Ellington • Benny Goodman • Count Basie • Glenn Miller • Etc.

Famous Singers of the Swing Era Billie Holiday http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dnlTHvJBeP0 Ella Fitzgerald Frank Sinatra http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SLC5AGGHLz0

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What is Jazz?

Jazz is a kind of music in which improvisation is typically an important part. In most jazz performances, players play solos which they make up on the spot, which requires considerable skill. There is tremendous variety in jazz, but most jazz is very rhythmic, has a forward momentum called "swing," and uses "bent" or "blue" notes. You can often hear "call--and--response" patterns in jazz, in which one instrument, voice, or part of the band answers another. (You can hear Ella Fitzgerald and Roy Eldridge do "call and response" in Ella's Singing Class. ) Jazz can express many different emotions, from pain to sheer joy. In jazz, you may hear the sounds of freedom-for the music has been a powerful voice for people suffering unfair treatment because of the color of the skin, or because they lived in a country run by a cruel dictator.

THE NATURE OF JAZZ

Jazz musicians place a high value on finding their own sound and style, and that means, for example, that trumpeter Miles Davis sounds very different than trumpeter Louis Armstrong (whose sound you can hear in Louis's Music Class .) Jazz musicians like to play their songs in their own distinct styles, and so you might listen to a dozen different jazz recordings of the same song, but each will sound different. The musicians' playing styles make each version different, and so do the improvised solos. Jazz is about making something familiar--a familiar song--into something fresh. And about making something shared--a tune that everyone knows--into somethingpersonal. Those are just some of the reasons that jazz is a great art form, and why some people consider it "America's classical music."

THE GROWTH OF JAZZ

Jazz developed in the United States in the very early part of the 20th century. New Orleans, near the mouth of the Mississippi River, played a key role in this development. The city's population was more diverse than anywhere else in the South, and people of African, French, Caribbean, Italian, German, Mexican, and American Indian, as well as English, descent interacted with one another. African-American musical traditions mixed with others and gradually jazz emerged from a blend of ragtime, marches, blues, and other kinds of music. At first jazz was mostly for dancing. (In later years, people would sit and listen to it.) After the first recordings of jazz were made in 1917, the music spread widely and developed rapidly. The evolution of jazz was led by a series of brilliant musicians such as Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington (listen to Ellington in Duke's Music Class ), Charlie Parker, and Miles Davis. Jazz developed a series of different styles including traditional jazz, swing (listen, for example, to Benny Carter, who got his start in swing music, in Benny's Music Class ) bebop, cool jazz, and jazz?rock, among others. At the same time, jazz spread from the United States to many parts of the world, and today jazz musicians--and jazz festivals--can be found in dozens of nations. Jazz is one of the United States's greatest exports to the world.

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Jazz Presentation Template

Jazz Presentation

Transcript: Jazz is one of the many forms of music out there. Jazz is been around for a very long time. How Jazz Works 1 Where Jazz came from 2 #1 Important Detail #1 Jazz was born in New Orleans, Louisiana around 100 years ago, but originally the roots was from Africa and Europe. #2 Important Detail #2 When Jazz was originally came from Africa and Europe, people thought it had rhythm and feel. #3 Last but Not Least #3 The way Jazz became how it is today started in 1875 when Samuel Taylor was born in London, England. As a child, he played with the violin. At age 15, he went to the Royal College of Music and became a musician. How Jazz got popular One Day, a music group was invited to Washington, D.C. to perform a concert. It was a huge success and Samuel met the U.S president. Records get set Besides getting invited to Washington, D.C., he was the first black man to lead an all white band. It had never happened before. Samuel is hope As time went on, Samuel became one of the most sucessful blacks in American history. He became a symbol of hope and took other types of music, and had ideas. James Reese Europe In 1925, a man named James Reese Europe lead 125 men in a band. He got inspiration from Samuel Taylor to create a new type of music: Jazz. ? Jazz was Born Jazz came to America around the 1920's when Louis Armstrong played the cornet at age 15. Then, as time went through the 20th century, Jazz became more and more popular in New Orleans, LA. Jazz hits the streets of New Orleans When Louis Armstrong was a kid, there was no electricity, no radio, no computer, no TV, and no telephone. Instead, you had to go out into the city to hear live music. Such as african drumming, chruch music, opera music, and marching bands all year round. They would play at weddings, funerals, steamboats, and the streets of New Orleans. Jazz in Modern Times Today, Jazz is still very common in New Orleans and around the world.In fact, Jazz has become the primary music for the city, and is still a tradition. That is my presentation.

Jazz Jeopardy Template

Transcript: Smallest to largest Day/Month/Year How would you say good bye to Mr. Bickes? New Orleans, Louisiana Junio Julio Agosto New York Jazz Instruments Name the days of the week in Spanish. Hace viento. Who was the famous piano player who was one of the first African-Americans to play at Carnegie Hall? Kansas City Fill in the blank: One of Louis Armstrong's hits was When the "____" Go Marchin' In. What months are considered el verano? In degrees Celsius Harlem is a part of what major city? How is the temperature measured in Spanish speaking countries? Drums In the Classroom Abran sus libros a página cinco. What day(in Spanish) begins the week of the Spanish calendar? El gusto es mío. Encantado(a). lunes martes miércoles jueves viernes sábado domingo Songs Translate the following to Spanish: Open your books to page 5. Maple Leaf Rag or The Entertainer Daily Double Louis Armstrong Escuchen... Explica... Escribe... Charlie Parker Daily Double The Cotton Club Duke Ellington What is one of Scott Joplin's most famous ragtime songs? In what city was jazz "born?" Clarinet In what nearby midwestern city did jazz "grow up? Te presento a … What instrument did bandleaders Duke Ellington and Count Basie play? Also known as "Bird," what great saxophone player was from Kansas City? (yo)No sé. What brass instrument was played by Louis Armstrong and Miles Davis? When you don't know an answer you should say this. Saints What "club" in Harlem did Duke Ellington's band call home? Trumpet Levanten la mano. Complete the conversation. What woodwind instrument was played by Charlie Parker and John Coltrane? Ain't nobody got time for that el viernes Hoy es jueves. ¿Qué día es mañana? Piano In what order do we write the date in Spanish? What command does this picture show? What phrase would you use to informally introduce someone? Saxophone Who is the famous jazz trumpeter/singer also known as "Satchmo?" What was Benny Goodman's instrument? Llueve. Daily Double What instrument, played by Max Roach, helps to keep the beat? Great Jazz Musicians Write the following in Spanish. Listen... Explain... Write... el lunes Places in Jazz ¿Qué tiempo hace en el otoño? Adiós. Buenas noches. Hasta luego. Hasta mañana.

Transcript: Duke Ellington Jazz Presented by PERSON for COMPANY Why Is Duke Important? Why Is Duke Important? Jazz bandleader Composer pianist One of America's greatest composer due to raw talent. Although big band already existed, Duke's style was able to be recognized by anyone. Types of Jazz? Types of Jazz? Duke was known for big band.(A large group of musicians.) His trumpeter created a harsh sound. Trombonist was different from the typical sound of the instrument. Every member has specific individuality. Duke created one of the most distinctive sounds in all of Western music Inspiration Inspiration Duke´s parents were big inspiratons They never gave up on him Always wanted him to succeed. Another inspiration was a song called the ¨Rosary.¨ Duke even cried as a young child and learned to play the piano by age 7. Life/Death Life/Death Born April 29, 1899 in Washington D.C. Died on May 24, 1974 of Pneumonia and lung cancer Lived 75 years. Singer/instrumentalist Singer/instrumentalist Duke was famous for many instruments but was popular for piano. His special voice was able to be recognized by anyone due to his raw talent. Songs Songs One popular song is “It Don't Mean A Thing.” This song was the beginning of the jazz swing era, and said swing really means, "Harlem for rhythm." “ Take the 'A' Train” was a very easy-coming song to Duke and his band. He used this song as his opening piece, becoming his signature song. Personality Personality Duke Ellington was known for having compassion for others and being generous. He typically is a shoulder to cry on and gives comfort. Ellington mastered the art of counseling others, making people his priority. Duke was very good at helping others and can be known as a healer. Sources Sources https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Duke-Ellington-so-important-to-jazz-history https://www.britannica.com/biography/Duke-Ellington http://www.americaslibrary.gov/aa/ellington/aa_ellington_youth_1.html https://www.thisismyjam.com/artist/Duke+Ellington https://www.celebrities-galore.com/celebrities/duke-ellington/home/

JAZZ PRESENTATION

Transcript: - John Coltrane - Miles Davis - Thelounious Monk - Billie Holiday - Nat Kole King - Louis Armstrong - Duke Ellington - Benny Goodman ( All of these singers are dead. ) Jazz music is a genre of music. African-American and Americans invented Jazz music in the 1920s .It got most of its "rhythm" or "feeling" from the African-American people. Pink panther theme song FAMOUS JAZZ SINGER'S the most known jazz artist is : Louis Armstrong. - saxophone - trumpet - piano - trombone - clarinet - double bass - tuba FOR EXAMPLE by KYLEE WALDBAUER JAZZ PRESENTATION MOST COMMON JAZZ INSTRUMENTS : WHAT IS JAZZ MUSIC ?

jazz presentation

Transcript: instruments played video Born: January 10, 1924, Newland, NC Died: August 16, 2007, Manhattan, New York City, NY Max Roach Maxwell Lemuel "Max" Roach was an American jazz percussionist, drummer, and composer. He is generally considered alongside the most important drummers in history. drums jazz presentation

Transcript: Charlie studied clarinet and saxophoneas as a boy. He spent hours after hours listening to the local jazz musicans jamming together. Dizzy's real name was John Birks. He was born in South Carolina in 1917, Dizzy died in New Jersey in 1993. At the age of four Gillespie started to play the piano and shortly after that he started to teach himself how to play the trumpet and trombone. Dizzy had a great sense of humor. He was always laughing, pulling crazy pranks, and having fun. Some thing I thought was interesting about these two musicians is that they both togather made the bebop. Rock 'n' Roll Charlie was one of the most imitated jazz musicans. He was born in 1920 in Kansas city, Missouri. Charlie's nickname is Bird because of his huge appetite for chicken. A direct descendant of jazz, rock 'n' roll became popular in the 1950s. Many early rock 'n' roll songs are acually covers of old blues songs , performed with electric instruments and a stronger accenting of the off-beats Melody Dizzy Gillespie Dizzy was a master at making up new melodies with these scales no matter how fast the bebop tempo. All of the chords used in a song. Signature Songs Dizzy was really into jazz. He (and Charlie Parker also) created the bebop. The harmony was very complex and changed constantly, the chords required new and usaual sounding scales for improvisation. The different notes that make up a song ( what you wold sing). Dizzy's appearence was his musical style, talent and bravery. Harmony Charlie Parker Dizzy's Jazz Styles Bebop was a very innovative style of jazz that appeared in the 1940s. Fast and furious, it contains complex melodies and improvisatory sections. The radical, new sound of bebop was shocking, and quite controversial, to many people. About Charlie When Parker was only 15 years old he became a full time musican. Play the same old blues and jazz. TimeLine Gillespie cheeks About Dizzy Dizzy and his band were sent all over the world to play conserts. His greatest sense of humor was his composition " Salt Peanuts" When playing the trumpet Dizzy's cheeks expanded out like a blowfish. The older Dizzy got the more his cheeks puffed out. Bird createe many songs revolving around " pop". Most of the melodies sounded sounded more like bebop solos then traditional melodies. Bird moved to New York in 1940 where he met Dizzy. Togather, along with some other people, they created the bebop. Bebop Wow thats interesting!! Jazz Presentation 1930~ During World War 2 the Swing was Americas most popular thing to do. 1940~ During the early 1940s, world war 2 was still going on a style called jumping the blues was in. 1950~ By 1950 the bebop was going off the charts and eveyone was danceing along with Bird and Dizzy. 1960~ Laitian jazz was getting popular

Transcript: Bibliography 1800s Luigi 1950s- Jazz music took a back seat as Rock 'n' roll took to the TV screens. Childhood and inspirations. Early Career. Most Famous work. Later Career. Legacy and Influences Today. Early Career. 1960s- The civil rights movement interfered and then had a massive impact on jazz music and dance. Just after his accident in 1956 Luigi was taken to NYC to perform on Broadway in the show 'Happy Hour' Luigi's Jazz Centre (1990-2008) Someone approached him and said how good his technique was and that he should teach it. He started to teach whilst working in things like films, live theater and TV variety shows. MattMattox 1505828, 1510384, 1510007, 1504117 Levine, D. and Times, L.A. (2009) Jack Cole made Marilyn Monroe move. Available at: http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/arts/la-ca-marilyn-monroe9-2009aug09-story.html (Accessed: 24 March 2016) At the age of 21 Luigi's life got turned upside down. Within 2 months of living in LA Luigi was in a serious car accident which left him partially sighted and paralyzed down one half of his body. Some say a whilst in a coma "A voice said to him, "never stop moving kid, if you stop you're dead." Luigi's Jazz Centre (1990-2009) I believe that this helped Luigi to carry on. Childhood and Influences. - Semko. E (2015). Jazz Dance Legend: Matt Mattox. Available: http://www.danceadvantage.net/matt-mattox/. Last accessed 16/05/2016. 1940s- A drought within dance halls during WW2 1700s Mattox made his way to the stage and screens and was involved in many productions. His biggest was 'Seven Brides for Seven Brothers'. Nico Charisse, Mattox's Ballet teacher. His wife Cyd helped him with getting one of his first jobs after being in WWII with the Army's Air Force. Mattox also opened his own dance school in New York. His career was long running and created over 30 ballets. Passed away in 2013 at the age of 91. Jessica White, Shannon Gilley, Gian Luca-Papa, Jacob Tomlinson Origins of jazz dance and understanding its evolution. Relationship between jazz dance and jazz music Stylistic Features of studied practitioners; Luigi, Matt Mattox, Jack Cole. Worked with Marilyn Monroe "Helped solidify the dumb-blobd persona she introduced in monkey business" in her much beefier role in "Gentlemen". . Luigi was born as Louis Facciuto and only recently died at the age of 90 in 2015 Throughout his career Luigi taught for 5 Decades Luigi is known as the "Father of Jazz dance" Luigi's Jazz Centre (1990-2009) He is know for "creating the first formal jazz dance technique." Luigi's Jazz Centre (1990-2009) Last Moments Jazz music was evolved within New Orleans. Blues music and marching bands were introduced to create a new style of music. Jack Cole was "Born John Ewing Richter: New Brunswick, New Jersey, 27 April 1914. Jack Cole grew up within a broken home and was sent to study within a boarding school. Originally trained in modern dance with the Danish show and dance company. The company was run by Ruth St. Dennis and Ted Shawn who were big influences in modern dance. Most Famous Work Legacy and influence on Jazz today “I went home, I sat down, and I drew one line on a blank piece of paper. The body is a straight line and you can do everything with it. Then, there was a Life magazine photographer who was experimenting in the early 1950s by shooting a man holding two lamps, which he moved against a black background. When the photo was developed, all you saw were these curving lines of light. And I thought, ‘That’s the way the body should move.’ ” – (Semko.E, 2015) 1920s- jazz music was taken to cities like Chicago and New York. young girls cut off their hair and started to wear shorter dresses to go against their parents old fashion ways. Influence of work inspired likes of Tyce Diorio recognised works on sytycd Use of isolations Career Cole added his own jazzy flavor to his modern dance training. Career began in 1930-32 with the Humphry-Weidman Dance group. From 1932-33 Cole became a dancer on Broadway. 1937, Jack Cole danced with his own company. Jack Cole actually "abandoned his modern dance for a Commercial career in nightclubs." DVD, T.Q.M(2016) Luigi stated "if i cant dance without a bar, ill take it with me." Luigi's Jazz Centre(1990-2009) this has give him the determination to carry on. he created his own technique suited to his body and the feeling of the bar was always there. His technique was to control his own body whilst he danced, this is being both turned in and turn out to maintain his balance whilst he danced. In "Gentlemen," Cole connected the nondancer Monroe to her fulsome body. Injecting comic zing into her line readings and coaching her breathy song delivery. "land of opportunity" Europeans moved to America for better lifestyle and opportunities. They all had unique musical traditions like irish gigs, German waltzes and French quadrilles. History of Jazz dance news report Jazz music has often played a role within African American culture. Traced back as far as

Transcript: This was a very basic Rock Jazz song, instrument-wise. By: Dominique Wolters, 9D None of the instrument got to play a solo, it was a combined ensemble all the way through the two minutes. The electric guitar improvised because it began to do very simple, structure no then it began to repeat the same notes over again, but in different orders, then it began to do a riff or two, then it went back to the notes, for example. Riffs and Repetition Synthesizer Keyboards Bass Guitar Acoustic Guitar Swing Rhythm Rock Jazz is one of the many subgenres of Jazz. Also known as Jazz Fusion. Emerged in the late 60's in the States. Known with the word Fusion because that was the musical style that was described in the States and England in the very beginning of Rock Jazz/Jazz Fusion. Rock Jazz This song doesn't feature a swing rhythm. This extract does not include any backbeat. It doesn't have a reccuring backbeat. The instruments that play during the 2 minutes, don't change. The melody changes a bit, but the instruments are the same. The most common/typical Rock Jazz instruments are; Electric Guitar Piano Drums Vocals This extract does have repetition, it repeats the same bar twice, then does two different bars. The drums repeat a lot and the do the same thing in the background a lot. The instrument that has the most variety, is the electric guitar. It is not always repetitive, but does repeat a little. This electric guitar also does a riff. Rock Jazz Jazz Presentation Improvisation The instruments that are in this song; Electric Guitar Drums Bass Guitar The Instruments

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12 Jazz Music Lesson Ideas for the General Music Classroom

As a busy music teacher, you’re always on the lookout for fresh and engaging lesson ideas and teaching resources to inspire your middle school music students. With Jazz Music Month just around the corner, now is the perfect time to infuse some swing into your general music curriculum with this collection of Jazz Appreciation Month activities. Jazz music, with its dynamic rhythms, expressive melodies, and rich history, offers a wealth of opportunities for musical exploration and learning. 

In this blog post, you’ll explore a variety of jazz music lesson ideas designed to help you celebrate Jazz Music Month in style and captivate your students’ imaginations. From spotlighting jazz musicians to delving into the history of jazz music and using jazz standards to teach the elements of music, we’ve got you covered with simple yet effective strategies and lesson plans to make this Jazz Music Month one to remember.

What is Jazz Music?

Jazz music is a musical genre that is characterized by syncopated rhythms, expressive melodies, and intricate harmonies. Its musical history is rooted in African American culture. Jazz music emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and was the blending of musical elements from African music with European harmonies and instrumentation. Jazz music encompasses a wide range of styles, including swing, bebop, fusion, and avant-garde, and often features improvisation as a central element. With its emphasis on creativity, spontaneity, and collaboration, jazz music remains a vibrant and influential art form that continues to evolve and inspire musicians around the world.

5 Reasons Why you Should Jazz Music in Your Music Curriculum

As a music teacher you know that introducing you music students to jazz music is vital as it offers the opportunity to study the rich tapestry of cultural heritage, musical diversity, and historical musical significance from the United States. By studying Jazz music in your classroom, your music students not only expand their musical knowledge but also gain insights into the social and cultural forces that have shaped American society. 

There are 5 reasons why teaching Jazz music should be an important part of your music education curriculum. These include:

Cultural Awareness

Jazz music is deeply rooted in American history and culture, serving as a reflection of social, political, and cultural changes throughout the 20th century. By learning about jazz, your music students will gain a deeper understanding of the diverse cultural influences that have shaped American society.

Musical Diversity 

Jazz music encompasses a wide range of styles, from the swinging rhythms of big band jazz to the complex harmonies of bebop and the experimental sounds of jazz fusion. Introducing students to jazz music helps to expose them to diverse musical elements, expanding their musical vocabulary and appreciation for different genres beyond their own musical preferences.

Creativity and Improvisation

Jazz music is renowned for its emphasis on improvisation, allowing musicians to express themselves freely and spontaneously. Teaching students about jazz encourages creativity and fosters an understanding of improvisational techniques, empowering them to explore their own musical ideas and take risks in their performances.

Historical Perspective

Studying jazz music provides your music students with insights into the historical context in which the music was created, including the Great Migration, the Harlem Renaissance, and the Civil Rights Movement. By examining the social and political forces that shaped jazz, students will develop a deeper appreciation for the music and its role in shaping American society.

Cross-Curricular Connections

Jazz music offers so many opportunities for interdisciplinary learning, connecting music with subjects such as history, literature, and social studies. Exploring the cultural and historical context of jazz can enhance students’ critical thinking skills and encourage them to make connections between different academic disciplines.

3 Jazz Musicians Spotlight Lesson Ideas

One simple way to Incorporating jazz musicians into your general music classroom doesn’t have to be overwhelming. Here are three simple yet effective lesson ideas to spotlight jazz musicians and their contributions.

Jazz Music Biography Presentations

Jazz musician biography research assignments are always a great way to get your music students learning about Jazz Music. Try dividing your music students into small groups and assign each group a different jazz musician to research. Provide them with resources that they will need such as  links to reputable sites that have biographies, music recordings, and videos to help them learn about the jazz musician’s life, career, and musical style. Then, have each group create a short presentation to share with the class, highlighting key facts, notable performances, and the musician’s influence on jazz music. If you want to add in a little something extra, why not have your students create a podcast about the jazz musician that they have selected to study and present on!

If you would like to make this easier on yourself, try this bundle of teaching resources that has both a printable and digital Google Slide Activities version for your students to use. It includes biography research pages, links to suggested music to study for each Jazz musician as well as Elements of Music Listening questions to use while studying each jazz musician.

Link to the Jazz Musicians Study Bundle here

Jazz Music Listening Journals

Another simple lesson is to introduce your students to the music of jazz musicians through listening journals. For this your can carefully choose and select a variety of recordings featuring different jazz musicians and their iconic songs. Ask students to listen to each recording and write down their musical observations, including the mood of the music, notable instruments or techniques, and any emotions or images evoked by the music. This activity not only exposes students to a diverse range of jazz musicians but also encourages active listening and critical thinking skills. 

​Another resources that you might like to try for this activity is the Jazz Music Listening Worksheets. This collection of worksheets includes links to a wide variety of jazz music styles and musicians, and each of the Elements of Music Listening Worksheets can be sued with any piece of music you choose to study!

Link to the Jazz Music Listening Worksheets here

Jazz Musician Trading Cards

Tap into your students’ creativity with a hands-on activity by letting the create their own jazz musician trading cards. Provide templates or blank index cards for students to design their own trading cards featuring jazz musicians. Encourage them to include information such as the musician’s name, instrument, birthplace, notable achievements, and a brief description of their musical style. Once the trading cards are complete, students can share them with their classmates, trading and discussing the jazz musicians they’ve learned about.

​If you would like a set of printable posters that are ready-made and easy to use for this activity, try this collection of Jazz Musician Posters. There are 2 printable versions – one color and wone black and white. To use for trading cards, simply print 4 posters to a page so that they are small enough to use as a trading card, then get your students to research and add the important details about each Jazz musician on the back of the card. if you use the black and white option, your students can color their cards in to show their creativity.

Jazz Musician Posters here

With these simple lesson ideas, you can shine a spotlight on jazz musicians in your general music classroom, fostering appreciation for their music and inspiring curiosity about jazz history and culture.

Below is a list of 20 Famous Jazz Musicians that your students might want to study during Jazz Appreciation Month

• Louis Armstrong
• Duke Ellington
• Ella Fitzgerald
• Miles Davis
• Billie Holiday
• John Coltrane
• Charlie Parker
• Sarah Vaughan
• Thelonious Monk
• Nina Simone
• Dizzy Gillespie
• Benny Goodman
• Count Basie
• Carmen McRae
• Chick Corea
• Mahalia Jackson
• Wynton Marsalis
• Esperanza Spalding
• Herbie Hancock

3 Jazz Music History Timeline Ideas

Another way to get you can help your students to learn about Jazz music is by creating a History of Jazz Music Timeline. Here are three straightforward lesson ideas to help you get started.

Jazz Music Timeline Collage

Provide your middle school and general music students with a large piece of paper or poster board and ask them to create a visual timeline of key events and milestones in the history of jazz music. Encourage them to include important dates, such as the birth of influential jazz musicians, the release of landmark jazz albums, and significant events in jazz history, such as the founding of jazz festivals or the establishment of jazz education programs. Students can use images, drawings, and text to illustrate each event, creating a vibrant and informative timeline collage.

Jazz Music Interactive Timeline Activity

Turn your music classroom into a living history museum with an interactive timeline activity. Divide your students into small groups and assign each group a different period or theme in jazz history, such as the birth of jazz in New Orleans, the Harlem Renaissance, or the emergence of bebop. Provide them with materials such as index cards, markers, and images related to their assigned topic, and challenge them to create a timeline display showcasing key events and figures. Students can then present their timelines to the class, discussing the significance of each event and its impact on the development of jazz music. 

Jazz Music Digital Timeline Project

Embrace technology with a digital timeline project that allows students to explore jazz history in a multimedia format. Have students use online tools such as Google Slides, Canva, or even PowerPoint to create interactive timelines featuring images, videos, audio clips, and text. Instruct your students to include important dates, events, and figures in jazz history, along with brief descriptions or explanations for each entry. Encourage creativity and critical thinking as students design their digital timelines, making connections between different periods and styles of jazz music.

Possible Things to Include in the Timeline:

• Births and deaths of influential jazz musicians
• Release dates of landmark jazz albums
• Significant events in jazz history (e.g., the Great Migration, the Harlem Renaissance)
• Developments in jazz styles and genres (e.g., swing, bebop, fusion)
• Establishment of jazz festivals, clubs, and educational institutions

If you are looking for some more Jazz Music lesson ideas, read this blog post!

Link to 9 Music Appreciation Resources to Teach the Background of Jazz Music here.

Using Jazz Music Standards to Teach the Elements of Music

Jazz music offers a treasure trove of musical opportunities for developing students’ understanding of the Elements of Music and honing their listening skills in the general music classroom. Here are three accessible lesson ideas that you could use to integrate jazz music into your curriculum through the use of the Elements of Music.

If you would like to know more about the Elements of Music, click here to read this blog post

Elements of Music Listening Analysis of Jazz Standards

Select a few jazz standards and guide students through an analysis of each piece using the Elements of Music. While listening to the music, get your students to focus on each of the elements such as melody, harmony, rhythm, form, dynamics, and timbre, discussing how these elements are utilized in jazz music. 

For instance, examine how syncopation creates rhythmic interest in “Take the A Train” by Duke Ellington or how improvisation adds spontaneity and creativity to “Autumn Leaves.” By dissecting jazz standards through the lens of the Elements of Music, students will deepen their understanding of both musical concepts and jazz repertoire.

Make this easier on yourself, and try the Elements of Music Listening Questions for Song Analysis Bundle. This versatile music teaching resource is something that you will use again and again, you just need to change the music!

Link to the Elements of Music Listening Questions Bundle here.

Comparative Listening Exercises

Engage students in comparative listening exercises using different recordings of the same jazz standard. Select multiple audio recordings of a jazz standard such as “Summertime” or “All Blues” that have been performed by various jazz artists. Have students listen attentively to each recording and identify differences and similarities in interpretation, instrumentation, improvisation, stylistic elements and how the elements of music are used. Encourage discussions on how the different jazz performers bring their unique artistic flair to the same piece of music, fostering critical listening skills and appreciation for musical diversity.

Guided Listening Journals

Another way that you can extend your students is to use guided listening journals to encourage active listening and reflection on jazz standards. Provide students with a list of 10 jazz standards to study and listen to, including classics like “Take Five” by Dave Brubeck, “So What” by Miles Davis, and “Blue Monk” by Thelonious Monk. 

For each jazz standard, get your students to answer the listening questions for the Elements of Music, such as identifying the main melody, analyzing harmonic progressions, noting rhythmic patterns, and describing the overall mood or atmosphere of the music. By guiding students through focused listening experiences, you’ll help to develop their analytical listening skills and deepen their appreciation for jazz music.

List of 10 Jazz Standards to Study and Listen to:

• “Take Five” by Dave Brubeck
• “So What” by Miles Davis
• “Blue Monk” by Thelonious Monk
• “Autumn Leaves” by Joseph Kosma
• “Take the A Train” by Duke Ellington
• “All Blues” by Miles Davis
• “Summertime” by George Gershwin
• “Stella by Starlight” by Victor Young
• “My Favorite Things” by Richard Rodgers
• “Round Midnight” by Thelonious Monk

By incorporating these simple jazz music listening lesson ideas while exploring a diverse selection of jazz standards, you’ll provide your students with valuable opportunities to deepen their understanding of the Elements of Music while cultivating a lifelong love and appreciation for jazz music.

3 Ways to Use Jazz Standards to Perform in Your Music Class

Incorporating jazz standards into your general music classroom is an excellent way to develop performance skills and foster a love for jazz music among your students. Here are three practical music lesson ideas that require minimal preparation and utilize classroom instruments such as the ukulele, guitar, keyboard, singing, and drums/percussion.

Chord Progressions

Introduce students to jazz standards with simple chord progressions that can be played on ukulele or guitar. Choose easy-to-play jazz standards such as “Summertime” or “Blue Monk” and teach students basic chord shapes or strumming patterns. Provide chord charts and lead sheets to assist students in learning the songs, and encourage them to play along with recordings or backing tracks. This hands-on approach not only develops students’ proficiency on string instruments but also instills confidence in performing jazz music.

An easy way to introduce students to playing chord progressions is through the 12 Bar Blues. This simple 12-bar blues chord progression is easy to play, and easy for your students to start to become jazz improvisers themselves! Once you have introduced the chords to play, encourage your students to think of ways that they can improvise with rhythm, strumming patterns, how they play each chord, and even with instrument performing combinations.

If you would like some resources that are ready to use for both the guitar and ukulele, try the bundles that are linked below! Each part of the bundle has chord charts and play along tracks to use.

12 Bar Blues Guitar Bundle

12 Bar Blues Ukulele Bundle

Keyboard Melodies and Harmonies

Explore jazz standards on the keyboard by teaching students iconic melodies and harmonies. Select jazz standards with memorable melodies, such as “Take Five” or “My Favorite Things,” and demonstrate how to play them on the keyboard using simple fingerings or hand positions. Encourage students to experiment with dynamics, articulation, and expression as they perform the melodies, and provide opportunities for improvisation or variation. By learning to play jazz melodies on the keyboard, students enhance their keyboard skills while experiencing the joy of jazz music firsthand.

There are a lot of sites where you can purchase sheet music for your students. Personally, I like to find sheet music that includes the name of the notes on the score – this helps remove the barrier of not being able to read sheet music for my students, and gets them playing!

I buy a lot of music form this site, I do not have an affiliation with them at all, it is just a great site with a lot of music to choose from!

Link to musicnotes.com here

Vocal Jazz Ensemble

Engage students in vocal jazz ensemble performances by teaching them jazz standards with singable melodies and harmonies. Choose jazz standards that lend themselves well to group singing, such as “All of Me” or “Fly Me to the Moon,” and teach students the melody, harmonies, and vocal techniques such as scat singing or vocal improvisation. 

If you have the variety of voices, divide your students into vocal sections (soprano, alto, tenor, bass) and rehearse the songs together, focusing on blend, balance, and musical expression. Encourage students to add percussive vocal sounds or vocal embellishments to enhance the performance. Vocal jazz ensemble performances not only develop students’ vocal skills but also foster teamwork, cooperation, and artistic expression.

List of 10 Easy-to-Play Jazz Standards for Classroom Instruments

Other ways that you can get your students appreciating jazz music is through group or class ensemble performances of jazz standards. Below is a list of 10 songs that you might want to try this Jazz Music Month! When choosing a song to play, consider the instruments your students can play, as well as their performance skills level. You will want to make sure that everyone is included, so choose what works best for your own students!

• “Summertime” (Key: Am)
• “Autumn Leaves” (Key: Em)
• “Blue Monk” (Key: Bb)
• “All of Me” (Key: C)
• “Fly Me to the Moon” (Key: Am)
• “Take Five” (Key: Dm)
• “My Favorite Things” (Key: Em)
• “Satin Doll” (Key: C)
• “C Jam Blues” (Key: C)
• “Watermelon Man” (Key: Fm)

As you gear up to celebrate Jazz Music Month in your general music classroom, remember that jazz music has the power to inspire, educate, and uplift music students from elementary school to high school. By incorporating these engaging lesson ideas into your music appreciation curriculum, you’ll not only introduce your students to the vibrant world of jazz music but also help to cultivate a lifelong appreciation for its musical beauty and creativity. Whether you’re exploring the lives of prominent and influential jazz musicians, tracing the evolution of jazz music through history, or diving deep into the elements of music through listening to jazz standards, you’re sure to create memorable learning experiences that will stick with your students long after Jazz Music Month has come to an end. So grab your instruments, strike up the band, and let the sounds of jazz music fill your classroom with joy and excitement this Jazz Music Month!

Until next time

Happy Teaching

Julia from Jooya

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