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Writing a thesis with a topic-relevant thesis ghostwriter

The reputation worthy of your trust. The quality deserving of your satisfaction.

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• VERIFIED PHD WRITERS
• ORIGINAL RESEARCH
• Unique & valuable topic research
• Abstract & introduction writing
• In-depth literature review
• Research, data collection & analysis
• Results & discussion chapter writing
• Conclusion & implications formulation
• Following the supervisor’s comments
• Editing or supplementing your paper
• The imitation of your writing style
• As many corrections as necessary
• Improvements even to calculations
• Formatting corrections
• Grammar refinements
• Punctuation improvements
• Edits to the logical structure
• Enhancements to the style
• Adjustments to requirements
• Referencing and citing sources
• Writing a short well-timed speech
• Making slides customized to your text
• Including important and relevant info only
• Creation of graphs, diagrams, and tables
• We hire only top verified PhD research experts.
• Proficient in 40+ subjects from Nursing to Business.
• Direct chat with your expert is available 24/7.

Thesis writing help with solid guarantees

Learn more about our experts who help with writing a thesis

On our website, a thorough screening method is a crucial component of the thesis writing services. This allows us to use the most skilled ghostwriting service professionals who have expertise with a thesis in their subject. Every potential thesis author who applies to our writing service must get their identity confirmed.

Second, the candidate provides the credentials that evidence their ability to deliver a writing thesis service. For example, it might be a diploma, which is subject to verification. In case of successful authentication, an applicant to our ghostwriting service is to provide samples of their works, which help decide whether to proceed with further recruitment steps. If our service makes a choice in the candidate’s favor, they pass an interview, take a ghostwriting exam in their area, and perform a testing task.

Professionals who help with writing a thesis are always striving to enhance the quality of their services. To that end, the program analyzes and ranks ghostwriting professionals who deliver services to students. This strategy of our service determines how satisfied their customers are with writing assistance. That’s how the service manages to assign the most qualified ghostwriting professional to your thesis.

We help with thesis writing in more than 35 academic research areas

When assigning the order, we select a writing service expert for you, depending on the topic of your research. Our service has ghostwriting specialists in over 35 branches of science, and 4+ years of writing experience contribute to the expertise of ghostwriting pros. Be sure that, using this service, you get writing thesis help from a ghostwriting expert who is well-versed in the research topic and, therefore, qualified to write for you.

At our service, pros are classified into categories based on research areas, the thesis creating performance, and customer gratification: best available ghostwriting pro, top writing specialist (one of the top 30), and premium ghostwriting master (one of the top 10). Our service allows you to choose any ghostwriting expert option in your field. Whichever ghostwriting specialist you select, you get satisfying help for thesis writing in the listed subjects:

• Health Sciences and Nursing
• Business & Management
• English, Literature & Philology
• Psychology Social & Political Sciences
• Computer Sciences & Information Technology
• Finance and Accounting
• Data Science & Statistics
• Law & History
• Macro & Micro Economics
• Engineering & Construction

Our working process

Can i trust writing my thesis to someone else.

Sure. We can either complete the thesis you’ve started or write it from scratch. We always imitate your style when ghostwriting your thesis. The hired writing specialists are qualified to ghostwrite absolutely new research. You can even have us select a topic before we write your paper.

How do you provide help for thesis writing?

We write the work from scratch. Ghostwriting is done by following your instructions and topic. If the topic for ghostwriting hasn’t yet been chosen, we can select it at no cost, send it for approval and start to write after confirmation. Experts in ghostwriting conduct research, collect data and make calculations.

If you have some ghostwriting preferences, mention them in the instructions or discuss them with the writing specialist. Before delivery, the quality assurance team will check if the writing is compliant with requirements and original. You have 30 days to request edits from a ghostwriting specialist at no price.

Is your writing thesis help legal?

This website is owned by BrainUp Limited company registered in Gibraltar, having no legal restrictions on this kind of business. The service provided positions itself as academic assistance. It has nothing to do with academic dishonesty, and ghostwritten works are protected by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act.

How do I pay for my academic thesis? Is it safe?

You can pay for ghostwriting specialists’ services with Visa, Maestro, and MasterCard. These options are in internationally recognized payment methods, so your money and personal data are safe with us.

Use academic writing thesis assistance 100% following your needs

Are you one of the students who need some help with thesis writing from a competent service? If so, you should consider your choice of writing master’s service carefully. The service run by writing professionals has a high client satisfaction rate. How has this service achieved this ghostwriting quality level? Learn about the writing specialists’ service approach below.

The writing professionals’ service is dedicated to meeting the needs of clients. So high-qualified specialists deliver quality ghostwriting services following all of your specifications about an academic thesis. The writing master assigned to provide you with service thoroughly examines specifications. Aiming to be the best thesis ghostwriter website for MBA and other academic levels, writing gurus may ask you some questions to customize the service and ghostwrite as well as possible.

What makes us one of the best thesis ghostwriter websites for college students:

• The framework is clear, and the written ideas flow well.
• Ghostwriting and formatting come without errors.
• The thesis is done in a proper academic ghostwriting style.
• Extensive research ghostwriting on the subject is guaranteed.

We’re among the best thesis ghostwriting websites for masters, doctorate, or bachelor’s students. So only Turnitin-friendly texts are ghostwritten by our writing service. Every student who hires a writing specialist from service expects high-level quality and originality regardless of the complexity or types of theses .. Nobody wants to put their reputation at risk because of plagiarism in a ghostwritten thesis from a fraudulent writing service.

Ghostwriting professionals from this service complete original research. Grounding their writing on the most relevant and reputed sources, they make proper citations, which is especially crucial for some thesis parts (e.g., if you’d like to hire our literature review service ). Your ghostwritten thesis will have a low similarity score proved by antiplagiarism software if you use our academic writing thesis assistance.

It doesn’t matter whether you need bachelor thesis ghostwriting or service at any other academic level. The service ensures writing includes a unique perspective on the topic of your thesis. You will receive service, including ghostwriting on unique ideas and a high academic value of the thesis. But if you are here for writing tips and guidelines, check our helpful articles, e.g., find out the difference between thesis vs hypothesis .

No more “writing my thesis” Google requests. Hire a ghostwriting expert and get a top-grade thesis!

Academic Ghost

Leave no trace, ace your grades, your reliable partner for academic ghostwriting.

5 years of success in writing scientific papers

"Academic Ghost saved my bachelor thesis! The quality was outstanding and I was able to fully concentrate on my exams. Highly recommended!"

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Secure your top grade with Academic Ghost

We know that you have a hard time. Exam stress, submissions and deadlines - it can all quickly become too much. But don't worry, we're here for you. We are Academic Ghost, your reliable partner for professional ghostwriting.

Our team consists of experts in various fields who are happy to assist you. We understand how important your academic goals are to you and we want to help you achieve them. Whether it's writing a term paper or a thesis, we have the experience and know-how to help you. We take pride in providing personalized attention to each of our clients, ensuring that your unique needs are met and your expectations are exceeded.

Our service is not only professional and reliable, but also discreet. We know how important it is that your work is authentic and original, which is why we only work with highly qualified writers who are passionate and dedicated to their work. We are here to guide you through this stressful time and make your academic life a little easier. Trust us to deliver exceptional academic writing services that will exceed your expectations.

In 4 steps to academic success

You will receive a non-binding offer from us, we will look for the perfect author for your requirements..

You communicate directly and anonymously with your personal author

Anonymous telephone conferences and accessibility via messenger or mail

You receive partial deliveries & we take your feedback into account

Your correction requests will be implemented for you free of charge

You receive the finished work

After extensive proofreading and plagiarism check. Further corrections free of charge

Thank you for your request. We will get back to you as soon as possible!

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Value-Based Academic Ghostwriting

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Hire a Professional Ghost Writer for Your Academic Writing

Why choose gradecrest.

We not only promise a 24/7 support availability and timely delivery of all your papers. You also get a ton of other asuarances that our service comes with.

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Our Experts will Geek your Essays and Homework

If you have read the likes of Stephen King and Joanne Rowling, then you have had firsthand experience with a professional ghostwriter. As a student, you can also solicit academic ghostwriting services from best educational writing websites like GradeCrest.

But just what is an academic ghostwriting service? Academic ghostwriting services are becoming a preference for many students. Mostly, students double studies and work, which leaves little or no time for them to write high-quality college papers, complete assignments, and attempt homework. But do the professors and instructors care enough to reduce the workload, No! 

So students find someone else, sort of an academic research assistant, who conducts research, gets scholarly sources, writes a decent piece of essay, research paper, and term paper, and consults with them the entire process. So, an academic ghostwriter works with a student, like a tutor-student relationship, to ensure that they get their ideas written on paper.

Can you hire a ghostwriter for a dissertation or thesis, yes you can. However, be ready to spend more time with them to get to the core of the paper written for you.

That said, you must carefully vet the ghostwriter you entrust with one of your essays or college papers.

Is Ghostwriting Plagiarism? Is Academic Ghostwriting Legal?

If you are tight on time and still need to catch up with the class, academic ghostwriting is entirely something you should consider. NB: Ghostwriting is never plagiarism neither are laws that make it illegal. Ghostwriters sell content and give rights to the person buying it. The same applies to academic ghostwriting service no Canadian, American, or UK law make academic ghostwriting illegal.  The mere attacks to academic ghostwriting are from people who do not appreciate the changing times. It is an issue with universities that do not understand the dynamics of how it works. Academic ghostwriting services help students get model papers or sample academic papers that they can use in completing theirs. Students have taken honor codes and cannot cheat by submitting such papers for credit. So, when they receive the papers with the sources, they can understand how to format papers in MLA, APA, Turabian, Chicago, ASA, or Harvard.

Academic ghostwriters are surrogate mothers that research the essays for students, write the essays, and submit the papers to the clients. As a college ghostwriting service, we encourage the clients to chip in ideas when the papers are yet to be or when they are being written. This way, we have our ghostwriters discuss the way forward with the students and come up with as many points as there is on a subject. Now, the same happens when handling either short deadlines or long-deadline college papers.

Get our ghostwriting service for formatting, editing, styling, proofreading, writing masters and Ph.D. theses and dissertation, writing dissertation chapters, and conducting research. We can also help you create PowerPoint presentations, posters, flyers, personal statements, MBAs and DBA papers, data analysis, and all types of essays.

Why Students Prefer Using Academic Ghost Writing Services

As stated above, students all over the world are entering a competitive space. Everyone wants to get an A-grade research paper, term paper, essays, discussion posts, and you name it. If you have ever read a negative blog on ghost academic writing and wondered if ghostwriting academic papers is illegal, we have something to keep you thinking.

If you were an architect and need to build a house, yet you do not have time, what would you do? You would definitely hire someone on command to draw the best design for you, right? That is the same way academic ghostwriting works. Students who are part-time professionals entrust ghostwriting experts with their academic work.

Here are some of the top reasons why you need our ghostwriting services:

• When writing different types of academic papers assigned in high-school, college, and university.
• If you need essays, admission essays, term papers, reports, lab reports, marketing plans, business plans, and coursework projects done as you do other personal stuff.
• When looking for professional paper assistance to get plagiarism-free and well-researched papers.
• You need a PowerPoint presentation done for you while you finalize preparing for your presentation or dissertation defense.

There are many reasons to get help from professional ghostwriting services. What matters is whether you get a reliable academic ghostwriting service like GradeCrest.

Profile of our Academic Ghost Writers for Hire

Academic ghostwriting services are common among bright students and professionals. Did you know that ghostwriting services can perfectly handle your essays and even book reports and reviews? Here is a bit of what our ghostwriters do:

• Help you generate topic ideas for your academic writing tasks such as essays, research papers, and term papers.
• Assist with drafting the outline and formulating the best structure of a paper.
• Selecting the best sources for your academic papers.
• Writing plagiarism-free papers for you.
• Editing and proofreading the college and university papers for you.
• Delivering your research paper orders on time.

But who are they:

• Holders of Masters and Ph.D. degrees from reputable universities.
• Native English Speaker.
• Understand academic writing processes.
• Privy to the different types of essays, research papers, and college papers.
• Understand how to format academic papers.
• Can write both long-form and short-form College and university papers.
• Has passed our rigorous internal tests and participates in professional writing development courses.
• Can write a high-grade paper with minimal to no mistake.
• Carefully handpicked and trained to become the best academic ghostwriter.

An F sounds like a poor grade to get you some slot in the corporate world. It can even cripple your GPA. When different tutors or professors assign you to work, you cannot land your hand in all of them. Therefore, it would be prudent to reach out to us for the best-ghostwriting services. Better yet, we have the best ghostwriters for academic ghostwriting with a guarantee of distinction-level papers.

How our Professional Academic Ghostwriting Service Works

No academic ghostwriting service has made it easier to order essays online. With our service, you can quickly pay for essays online. Here is the drill:

• Click on any order now button, which will redirect you to our order form.
• Fill as much information as you can about your college or university papers.
• Choose the academic level to help us match you up with the right academic ghostwriter. Graduate ghostwriting experts handle graduate-level papers as well as undergraduate level papers.
• Pay for the ghostwriting services you wish to receive. We have even made it easier as you can get discount codes to your emails and use them when paying. Besides, the calculator enables you to estimate how much money to pay for our academic ghostwriting services.
• We assign your papers to a qualified academic ghostwriter who creates a custom academic paper for you within the deadline.
• You can communicate with your ghostwriter as they work on your ghost story. Note that our ghostwritten essays are of high standards and are always delivered on time. Besides, we do not tolerate plagiarized papers. All our essays are non-plagiarized.
• If you get a paper and feel there is a need for some areas to be tweaked, our free-revisions policy covers you.
• And we have the best satisfaction guarantee in place.

Our papers are written from scratch. You can bet on us for high-quality college papers . Besides, if you are short of time, we can handle even essays due in 3 hours.

What Ghost Writing Services Do We Offer?

Academic ghostwriting has bud out to become a stable industry. Like what the sea anemone is to the clownfish, the academic ghostwriting industry is a mutual support system to the higher education system. In an article written by Julia Molinari  in the Guardian, academic proofreading is a common practice among students, and it is not illegal.

Only when novice writers write your research papers will you have a paper carefully peppered with inaccuracies and full of plagiarism. Otherwise, when you find academic writing as a complicated endeavour and get our academic ghostwriting services, you will be assured of professional handling your academic work.

The main differentiating factor between us and our competitors is that you converse with the client as they handle your work. Besides, we have a progressive delivery arrangement where you get periodic drafts to ensure your expert essay writer is on track.

Our ghostwriting help is affordable and does not cost you an arm and a leg. Moreover, we cover different subjects. Here is a sneak pick of what to expect from us.

Thesis and Dissertation Writing

We have in the past, prioritized on client satisfaction. We cherish graduate and MBA students who find worth in what we do. Our academic ghostwriting service serves as equally the best dissertation ghostwriting service . We have delivered world-class professional academic ghostwriting services to many clients.

A major reason why we remain on top is the competent team of well-educated and dedicated dissertation ghostwriters . Our dissertation writers can customize the dissertations to meet your requirements. 

With the expert dissertation ghostwriters in our tuff, we are always confident of meeting the strict university requirements.

We can help you write dissertation proposals and then proceed to write all the dissertation chapters for you. If you are looking for timely delivered and professionally written dissertations, GradeCrest is your happy haven. 

We also help with SPSS, STATA, and EXCEL in data analysis. We are simply the best dissertation ghostwriting service with experienced professional dissertation ghostwriters. You can always get help with your dissertation.  We are experts in helping with thesis writing.

Capstone Papers Research

In college and university, you will be required to write capstone projects. If you are a nursing student, completing a nursing capstone paper or project is a given. Well, writing a capstone paper, which comes in your last school year, can dampen your mood.

Our academic ghostwriting services give you an easy time with your capstone projects. Our professional capstone research paper writers can write a capstone project for you.

Our premium capstone ghostwriting service presents papers in a well-defined format for academic papers.

Our writers will present you with research from scratch, a good topic idea for your capstone project, and an outline for confirmation by your professor. Once confirmed, our academic ghostwriters put their expertise to work and produce the best papers for you. 

It matters not the level of academic you are, so long as you need someone to write your capstone project, our capstone writing service is assuredly the best.

Term Paper Writing

As your life in college advances, you will notice that you need to write term papers. And if they cannot meet Professor Raymond Hames’  standards of writing a term paper, you will need to hire a ghostwriter to help you with term paper ghostwriting.

Again, our academic ghostwriting service has become the first resort for a student seeking term paper help . Our term paper ghostwriting team can help you choose a good topic for your term paper, plan the paper, and write a high-quality term paper. 

Our expert term paper writers have all it takes to produce quality papers. So, if you are stuck with this type of paper, do not hesitate to get help.

Research Paper Help

Writing research papers is an intensive process. It spans from researching for scholarly sources, generating topic ideas, choosing the best titles, and writing a deeply-researched essay. Given its intense nature, students dread research paper writing, which is why they entrust writing research papers to research paper ghostwriting services.

With our ghostwriting service, you can buy research papers online. When you do so, our research paper experts will do everything from scratch within the specified deadlines. Ours is a leading and smart research paper writing service .

We only have experts in different subject matters and not rookie academic writers. We are waiting to assist you with any type of research paper.

Case Study Writing

Writing a case study is a prerequisite for students undertaking sociology, psychology, nursing, medicine and health, business and management, accounting, finance, and tourism, to mention a few. Case study writing can be a tedious process.

For instance, if asked to write a case study of Google LLC, Amazon, Apple, Keurig, or Carrefour. You have to go through the intensive process of analyzing the company annual and financial statements before coming with a PESTEL, SWOT analysis, Porters five force analysis, and a great case study.

Sometimes, it is a leadership case study, and you are not just good at research. In all these cases, our case study ghostwriting services might be a fortune in waiting for you. Our expert case study writers will analyze the case study for you. Each case study comes with a profound thesis statement that hooks the markers from the beginning to the end.

At Gradecrest you can get a case study writing services that produce quality, intelligent, smartly-written, and organized case studies.

Marketing and Business Plans Ghostwriting

Writing either a business plan or a marketing plan is no mean feat. You require to understand the right format of a business plan or a marketing plan to write the best. Sometimes you don’t know how to write a marketing plan to clearly outline a marketing strategy.

If this is the case contracting a marketing plan ghostwriter will be an inevitable step. Our extensive marketing plan writing help service can benefit both students and organizations. The same applies to our business plan writing service.

Maybe you have an idea but do not know how to write an excellent business plan; we can spark your entrepreneurial journey and ambitions by writing the best business plan. Our marketing and business plan ghostwriting service is the gold standard in the industry.

Reasons to Trust GradeCrest Ghostwriting Services

Our ghostwritten papers have found fame among college and university students. Within our team, we have administrators, support, and technical staff who work day and night to ensure you succeed in your education.  Professionally, we are always leading in the academic writing world due to diligence, persistence, and expertise. Here are a few benefits of our low-cost academic ghostwriting services.

• Everything is written from scratch. All the papers processed and bought on our website are written from scratch. With the latest plagiarism-detection tools, we can smell and smoke out plagiarized papers. And once we do, responsible writers are banished from our fraternity. Such level of strictness has made us a topnotch ghostwriting service preferred by students.
• Deadlines are met. Out of 10 papers, 9 are always submitted on time. The 1 is room for error and depends on the cooperation between the client and the writer. We have a last-minute service to cater to writing short notice deadlines. As part of the details you fill, we require the deadline to ensure that the writers deliver the paper early enough for proofreading and editing.
• Round the clock assistance . GradeCrest is open 24/7 and 365 days annually. When you want last-minute editing on the paper , our support can get a writer for the same. Whether it is just a few pages or inquiry of a long paper like a thesis or a dissertation, you can always consult with us for free.
• No complexity scares us off. We have both technical and non-technical writers. Even when your project is extremely challenging, we will get the best writer for it. Our ghostwriting specialists accept any academic challenge. Bring it on!
• Affordable Pricing. Ghostwriting papers at our website is cheap. We consider the fact that as a student you have a tight budget. But with us on your case, the majority of the students agree we have the low-cost academic writing help services.
• Safety and Confidentiality. When you pay for academic ghostwriting services, you are safely secured. We only use trusted merchants to receive payments. We never disclose your data to any third party. See our privacy policy.  Besides, once you order, your paper can never be re-sold or reproduced to another client.

Try the Most Creative Academic Writing Company

Academic and business writing is a preserve of the creatives. Part of what the professors assess is to what extent you can use your critical thinking and creativity. With that in mind, our ghostwriting experts have accomplished the highest level of college and university education.  

They come from top universities in the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, and the United States of America.  For that, we have creative, academic, business, and technical caliber writers.

When you pay for papers from our website, you get content that is great and written from scratch by top ghostwriters for hire. The ghostwriters have amassed experience to write texts that are original and of high quality. Even the most distinguished authors and figures have confessed to being using ghostwriting services.

There are two approaches to our academic ghostwriting services.  First off, an academic ghostwriter will choose a topic in consultation with you and based on the assignment prompt. They will then select the sources to use and send the links or PDF files to you for approval or vetting. Then with your go-ahead, they can write your academic papers to the highest levels.

Secondly, the ghostwriter can write a perfect paper for you and only when you approve of it can it be completed. Either way, it is better to hire a ghostwriter for your academic essays than stare at blank pages or submit nothing at all.

Education is expensive, and after investing in fees, you just cannot let a tough essay come between you and success. It is good to invest either side, and that is why our academic ghostwriting service exists.

Why Students Prefer Hiring Our Services

Academic ghostwriting services are not illegal. Besides, every student wants to submit a paper that guarantees them a high grade. Our custom paper writing service covers your back when you face challenges writing essays. We have expert academic writers who help you produce high-quality papers as well as choose good topics for your papers.

Using our ghostwriting services has many advantages as already outlined. We have been entrusted to accomplish different kinds of academic assignments, and not a single client has ever complained of unsatisfactory services.

So, you can join the bandwagon of students successfully doing their stuff as we take care of their papers or stay lowly and do your papers the best way that has been bringing poor grades. The good thing is that lawyers, politicians, professors, nurses, pilots, and other many professionals have used our services.

You can hire affordable academic ghostwriters from GradeCrest. Rest assured you will get professional help with your essay.

And like a ghost, we only do the writing, and yours is to own it. Even when our essay writing experts handle your papers, your insights are always a gem. So, we encourage all-round communication for the best outcome. Enough with the inferior grades, hire an academic ghostwriter online and get the best.

Ghostwriting has been an ultra-safe and convenient solution to college students and university students who want to hone their writing skills. It is also a good resort for students who fear meeting deadlines. If you procrastinated it this long, our academic ghostwriting services can ‘undo your mistake. Get help now!

Gradecrest is a professional writing service that provides original model papers. We offer personalized services along with research materials for assistance purposes only. All the materials from our website should be used with proper references. See our Terms of Use Page for proper details.

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Academic Ghostwriting by ACAD WRITE

Professional ghostwriting services with 18 years’ experience.

Academic ghostwriting by ACAD WRITE is the ideal solution for your academic paper or thesis. For 18 years, our agency has been convincing its customers with high-quality and discrete writing services . Our competent and reliable ghostwriters do not only provide support in academic writing but also in empirical research and statistical data analysis, for example, for your bachelor or master thesis

Here You find Reliable Help with Your Studies

ACAD WRITE is specialised in providing its customers with flexible and versatile support. All our ghostwriters are experts in their field and have the necessary skills for employing scientific tools. However, they do not only provide support in academic writing but also in statistical data analysis or by professionally proof-reading and editing your paper. From the beginning of your studies up to your habilitation – at our academic ghostwriting agency you will find the right support during all stages of your university research project or academic career. Amongst others, the following services are part of our specialist authors’, statisticians’ and ghostwriters’ core areas:

Essays, term and seminar papers Bachelor , master and doctoral theses Exposés and research applications Scientific publications Literature research Statistical analysis Proofreading and editing Legal opinions and solution sketches Medical writing Dissertation consulting for doctoral students

In all these areas, ACAD WRITE offers support tailored to your individual requirements and university’s guidelines. You will benefit from a system which has proven itself for more than 18 years and which guarantees our customers the highest quality and satisfaction.

Enquire without obligation and find a ghostwriter now

Professional and Versatile Academic Ghostwriting: Only Subject Experts Write for ACAD WRITE

We pride ourselves on our agency’s pool of authors including more than 400 hand-selected experts from nearly every scientific field. No matter if you are looking for help in writing a seminar paper in Roman provincial archaeology, a master thesis in engineering, or a dissertation in legal studies – we have the right ghostwriter for you who can provide the exact support you need. Not for nothing, ACAD WRITE has been the matchmaker for academic success.

Business, legal, MINT, or medical studies? Our ghostwriters’ skills and subject knowledge are versatile and also armed for the topic of your thesis!

ACAD WRITE composes quality-guaranteed seminar, bachelor and master theses

The experienced quality management of our academic ghostwriting service guarantees you the best results for papers and theses produced by ACAD WRITE. Not only our ghostwriters’ competence vouches for that. At our agency, even your smaller projects will benefit from several delivery steps including free feedback and correction loops. Our ACAD office ® allows you to stay in direct contact with your ghostwriter throughout the whole project execution while simultaneously protecting your identity. Before its final delivery, your project will be proofread by our professional editing service. By means of this dual-control principle, we can ensure that the work is linguistically and textually of high quality and academically unique, which we also confirm to you by a meticulous plagiarism assessment. Before, during and after your project, we offer you a secure SSL connection for the transmission of your data, while our Switzerland-based server ensures the best security and adherence to strict data protection standards.

Find out more about the ACAD WRITE’s quality guarantee

The individual solution for your academic project is just one click away

From our academic guidebook, how to reference in harvard style.

Your Ultimate Guide to Academic Ghostwriting

Two weeks until finals and Cassy is stressed out. Three exams and two papers are looming on the horizon. She remembers all too vividly how she spent hours crafting her term paper last semester, only to almost fail the class. Now she has not one but two papers to write, no idea how to go about it, and not enough time.

Searching online for term paper help, she comes across a ghostwriting ad . It promises term papers that are guaranteed to pass the course. This could be the answer to all her problems, but Cassy is worried. She has never cheated on a paper before and her professors were clear about their zero-tolerance policy for plagiarism and cheating .

It is difficult to estimate how many students use some form of academic ghostwriting for their assignments. Some agencies claim they have served thousands upon thousands of students. But what constitutes academic ghostwriting? Is ghostwriting in the same league as plagiarism? And what is the role of artificial intelligence in newer ghostwriting software?  

What is Ghostwriting? Different Ghostwriting Options – Agencies, Essay Mills, AI Why Do Students Use Ghostwriters? How Do Universities Safeguard Academic Integrity? Why Is Academic Ghostwriting Banned? What Are Some Legal Alternatives to Hiring a Ghostwriter?

What is Ghostwriting?

The most basic definition for a ghostwriter is someone who writes for someone else and who is not credited as the author. Often they create the whole material, a book, a paper, or an article, on their own. Sometimes the ghostwriter only writes certain parts of the material or reworks an author’s first draft.

As the name implies, ghostwriters work in the shadows. Typically, readers don’t know that the book they hold in their hands has been written by a ghostwriter. 

Not all ghostwriting is problematic. Celebrities commonly use ghostwriters in their autobiographies, musicians have songs written for them. Politicians have ghostwriters to write their speeches or other publications in their name, companies hire writers to create blog posts or articles and whitepapers. In these cases, ghostwriting is perfectly legal and an accepted business practice. 

Different Ghostwriting Options – Agencies, Essay Mills, AI

However, ghostwriting is not confined to celebrity memoirs, songs, and speeches. Students unwilling to write their own papers can turn to academic ghostwriting services such as dissertation writing agencies.

The current market is overflowing with ghostwriting agencies and essay mills that promise academic papers on every topic imaginable. Agencies and essay mills employ writers that create papers and dissertations. Prices and quality vary widely. 

Agencies usually assert that their dissertation writers are professionals and knowledgeable in their fields. However, customers have little chance of verifying these claims. 

Moreover, ghostwriters and writers working for essay mills are paid by the project. The quicker they finish, the more work they can take on. Writing a high-quality, well-researched paper takes time. Ghostwriters have no incentive to do time-intensive research. Therefore, there is no guarantee that their work is of a quality high enough to pass a course. 

Writing academic texts with AI (ChatGPT, YouChat...)

More recently artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a player in the ghostwriting field. If you are using Gmail, you have almost certainly experienced AI-generated texts as Gmail suggests words and even whole phrases as you type.  ChatGPT and  YouChat  write texts at your request.

AI writing tools create content and automate many aspects of the writing process such as structuring a text, coming up with headlines, and writing paragraphs. Since everything is automated, these services are usually cheaper than hiring a professional ghostwriter. However, AI writing tools draw from existing sources on the internet and repurpose them. It is possible that their essays could be flagged by plagiarism software . Moreover, Compilatio can tell the difference between a text written by a human being and an AI such as ChatGPT or YouChat, thanks to its AI detector .

Dissertation writing agencies and AI writing programs promise discretion and plagiarism-free content, but there is no guarantee that their essays and theses will meet the high standards of universities, that they are free of plagiarism, and uniquely produced. With countless ghostwriters, AI services, and thesis-buying agencies in existence, quality varies widely. 

Why Do Students Use Ghostwriters?

The reasons why students decide to buy an essay or thesis are diverse: some lack the time to write papers themselves due to family or work obligations or don’t know how to prioritise and organise their academic work, some did not receive enough support to know how to create original research and writing, some simply see this as a quick and easy way to obtain a degree .   

Frequently students lack confidence or the skills to write academic papers, whether they write in their native language or not. Afraid of failing and convinced that somebody else can turn in a better paper, they turn to ghostwriting agencies and essay mills.

How Do Universities Safeguard Academic Integrity?

Instructors have come up with strategies to minimise students cheating on their essays such as:

• teaching academic integrity and why it is important,
• running writing workshops to teach essay writing, 
• extending deadlines ,
• offering additional support to alleviate pressure,
• opting for in-person written exams , 
• using software to detect plagiarism ,
• assigning essays in stages , where students hand in outlines and drafts before their final paper.

In addition, instructors themselves have access to further training that equips them with tools to safeguard academic integrity such as Compilatio’s training modules on how to raise awareness of good academic conduct and detecting plagiarism. 

Why Is Academic Ghostwriting Banned?

Considered to be contractual cheating, buying a thesis, even buying a short term paper can have severe consequences. Whether written by a human or an AI, ghostwritten papers are a serious academic infraction that in the worst case can lead to expulsion. Degrees can even be revoked retroactively if it becomes clear that a student has cheated to obtain them. 

Hiring a ghostwriter falls under “ contract cheating”. The academic integrity expert Thomas Lancaster first coined the term in 2006: “Contract cheating describes the process through which students can have original work produced for them, which they can then submit as if this were their own work. Often this involves the payment of a fee and this can be facilitated using online auction sites.”

Academic integrity defines the rules that all members of an academic community abide by: 

• honesty, 
• correct citations, 
• not presenting other people’s work as your own, and 
• in general acting ethically in your research. 

When writing a term paper, students demonstrate that they have understood concepts, are able to engage with research respectfully, and write in an appropriate style. In other words, they display academic integrity. 

Plagiarism , the taking of another person’s writing or ideas without crediting them, is the most common academic infringement. The line between plagiarising another’s work and paraphrasing ideas can be quite blurred for students. Some students cheat by accident because they don’t understand what plagiarism is or how to write an original paper.  

Many universities and schools have a zero-tolerance policy when it comes to plagiarism and ghostwriting. Yet, despite the potentially serious consequence of contract cheating, students turn to essay mills, ghostwriters, and dissertation writing services. An estimated 15% of students have purchased papers and essays. 

Ultimately, all students – whether they wrote their assignments themselves, hired someone, or used AI – are subject to the same deadlines, assessment criteria, and grading systems. 

Using someone else to create papers is unfair to your peers . A world where grades can be bought ultimately cheapens and devalues education . In addition, students who pay others to write their essays also cheat themselves out of learning opportunities. 

While writing papers and theses can undoubtedly be a stressful process, it also provides a chance to reflect, think deeply, and create original work . Writing essays can help students hone their creativity and bring their voices and perspectives to a topic. Critical thinking, authenticity, and personal reflection are soft skills that will serve students beyond university. They are not easily taught. Rather, they are acquired through hard work and integrity. 

Some students report feeling remorse after buying an essay. Not only have they cheated their educators and peers , but they have also taken a learning opportunity away from themselves. They might also realise that they lack crucial workplace skills after graduating.

Moreover, instructors work with their students throughout the semester, have likely graded shorter writing assignments already, and know how students formulate thoughts in class. They usually have an idea of how they will perform in their final assignments. 

If a student hands in an essay that is at odds with their previous performance, instructors might get suspicious and start the process of reviewing the work for academic infringement. 

If students clearly understand what constitutes cheating and why it is problematic, if they feel supported and are allowed to work with realistic timelines and achievable workloads, the risk of them cheating decreases. 

What Are Some Legal Alternatives to Hiring a Ghostwriter?  

Students can fall back on various resources to help them write their academic assignments. Many universities have writing centres and free writing courses that help students with their essays and theses. Students can learn how to construct and write a paper, receive feedback on their writing, and might even find a writing group. 

In addition, students can also seek the help of a professional editor or can use an editing software to bring clarity to their writing. 

Compilatio Studium provides many resources to help students with their essays such as guidelines on academic integrity and citations, advice on student life, and methodological guides to help students create their best term paper possible. Some students are worried about plagiarising accidentally. Compilatio’s anti-plagiarism software makes self-checking easy and reliable so that students never have to worry about handing in a faulty paper. 

Using these resources and connecting with their peers, allows students to create original and insightful papers and theses and become part of the academic community. 

Cassy eventually decided to write her own papers after connecting with her writing centre and forming a study group. After many caffeine-fueled nights with her friends, she succeeded, feeling proud of herself and her work. 

The market that caters to students willing to cheat – from essay mills, theses writing agencies, ghostwriters, and AI writing tools – grows steadily. However, so do options for instructors to catch academic infringements.  

Worried about your term papers and tempted to give a ghostwriter a try? You have other options!

• Compilatio provides you with many resources such as a plagiarism checker and study tips to help you with your academic writing. 
• Create your free Compilatio Studium account and start working on your best essay yet!

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Ghostwriting in academic journals: How can we mitigate its impact on research integrity?

Research integrity

Well-intentioned open access journals that engage in best practices have been a boon to the research community. But the flipside is that the burgeoning field of open access journals has given rise to fake journals, also known as predatory, deceptive, fraudulent, clone, or pseudo-journals (Beall, Nature 2012). These journals are ones that do not engage in peer review and have minimal or little copy edits. In other words, they exist primarily to extract publication fees from authors.

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Contract cheating –engaging a third party like an essay mill or even a friend or family member to submit work as one’s own–is an unquestionable form of academic misconduct. We’ve established that engaging in contract cheating hampers learning. To that end, there are now laws and activism against contract cheating in various regions around the world.

In academic research, other terms synonymous with contract cheating are more widely used; these words are ghostwriting or ghost authorship .

Ghostwriting is a term used to describe academic research written by someone whose name is not acknowledged. The third party may be anyone who engages in this behavior, including individuals hired by private companies in the industry that may provide undisclosed influence on research.

Ghostwriting may entail taking credit for an entire article written by a third party, crediting “honorary” authors for work they did not do, or not crediting junior researchers for their participation. When authors are named without having participated in research or writing, they are called “honorary” authors or “guest” authors and this related form of behavior also qualifies as misconduct.

The most egregious forms of ghostwriting are articles completely written by an industry representative about research in which the stated authors have taken no part, or articles written by industry that provide selective research outcomes to promote products of which the researchers and acknowledged authors are unaware.

In the world of medical writing, the misconduct of ghostwriting is particularly pervasive, as pharmaceutical companies often collaborate with researchers to promote products and support regulatory requests; in fact, the term for legitimately doing so is called publication planning and strategy . But when these contributions aren’t acknowledged, research slides into misconduct. Researchers state that “We believe that critics are right to condemn the production of ghostwritten journal articles, a practice we believe to be unethical and dangerous” and while collaboration itself is not the problem, “the problem is the specific ways in which these collaborations are disguised, manipulated, and used as tools for marketing drugs” ( Moffatt & Elliott, 2007 ).

Studies have shown that ghostwriting and guest authorship are prevalent within research. A study published in Nature stated that 10.0% of participating scientists engaged in “inappropriately assigning authorship credit”; mid-career scientists’ numbers are even more troubling, with a 12.3% admission rate ( Martinson, Anderson, and de Vries, 2005 ). A more recent 2011 study found that “the prevalence of articles with honorary and ghost authors across three peer-reviewed journals was 14.3% and 0.9%, respectively” ( Dotson & Slaughter, 2011 ). And a 2002 study of Cochrane reviews revealed that an astounding 39% of articles had “honorary” authorship and 9% had “ghost authors” ( Mowatt, et al., 2002 ).

The above numbers may vary, but establish that ghostwriting is happening due to myriad pressure points.

Ghostwriting can be perceived as a way to increase economic opportunities. For medical writers employed by industry, it is a career opportunity. For academic researchers, collaboration with industry may be correlated to prestige and grant support. And “for industry sponsors, these practices are part of global publication strategies for product promotion,” by developing relationships with academics ( Bosch & Ross, 2012 ).

The nature of research, too, can lead to ambiguity. Collaboration is a core component of good citizenship within academia. Funding, too, is more often than not tied to related industries. But these working relationships can often blur boundaries.

Propagating a perception of collaboration has encouraged the practice of multiple authors on research articles. By adding co-authors to a paper, particularly names of more established academics, researchers provide more esteem to their work and increase their chances of being published in more prestigious journals and gaining a wider audience. In fact, “Part of the problem is that good names give papers credibility. A colleague once told me that in his country it was more important to know the authors than the methods of a research paper, as some professors lent their names to almost anything if they were well paid. I have seen single-authored meta-analyses on drugs presenting sophisticated analyses that went far beyond the capability of the author, without a word about who did the analyses (and presumably even wrote the paper). Similarly, many drug reviews are unlikely to have been written by the authors, as these professors probably have more important things to do than writing book-length drug reviews in sponsored supplements or peripheral journals that few would ever read and that have no impact factor,” according to 2009 research ( Gøtzsche, et al., 2009 ).

Such “honorary” or “guest” authorship has been linked to ghostwriting; academic dishonesty is a slippery slope.

Research supports the slippery slope theory. “It is this culture,” states 2010 research, “that pharmaceutical companies have tapped into, rather than inventing a new type of author. But by flattering academics into being guest authors, they have created, and then filled, a need for ghost authors to actually write the papers. The academics accepting the apparent honor of authorship thus provide cover – as accomplices or as dupes – for manipulative marketing practices” ( Barbour, 2010 ).

Finally, ghostwriting is a growing practice because it is often viewed as a slight, rather than as uncontested research misconduct. (Plagiarism, on the other hand, is an uncontested ethical failing). So in the face of economic and career rewards, the incentives to engage in ghostwriting outweighs the low risk of discipline.

When authors collaborate with industry and do not reveal this collaboration in clear ways, research loses integrity and thus erodes trust.

Transparency is a key component to research integrity. Knowing exactly who is writing the article and making clear any bias or influence is critical to accurate findings and research conclusions. According to medical writer Langdon-Neuner, “Articles ghost-written by medical writers engaged by pharmaceutical companies who have a vested interest in the content have caused concern after scandals revealed misleading content in some articles” ( Langdon-Neuner, 2008 )

Advertisements carry the name of the manufacturer whereas ghost-written articles do not reveal affiliation. Confusing the two results in medical decisions made by doctors and policy makers that affect health.

Scientific communication and scientific objectivity is a clear line that delineates research from marketing. This line must be upheld, according to Barton & Elliott, who state, “One approach to scientific objectivity holds that science is objective because of its procedures. According to this view, the foundation of scientific objectivity rests in the way scientists communicate and contest results. Helen Longino (2001) argues that scientific communities are objective insofar as their communication procedures are open and contestable. But ghostwritten papers conceal the interests of authors and sponsors in a way that makes it difficult to assess and contest the scientific data, which undermines the objectivity of science itself” (Moffatt & Elliott, 2007, p. 27 ).

Bosch and Ross go even further in saying that “ghostwriting and guest authorship are acts of research misconduct and deserve such widespread indignation because they entail maintaining secrecy, falsifying credentials, and fabricating the attribution of writing to another, representing an intentional and significant departure from accepted practices within the research community” ( Bosch & Ross, 2012 ).

When practitioners and policy makers make decisions for others based on research, that research needs to be transparent and accurate. The consequences of ghostwriting are widespread; by undermining the integrity of research, it removes critical data that influences how that data will then be used, whether it be policy decisions or a basis for further research.

First and foremost, raising awareness is the first step in preventing ghostwriting from occurring in research articles. #Pleasedontstealmywork in Denmark, for instance, documents instances of ghostwriting in order to make clear the prevalence of ghostwriting. When unknowing researchers understand that ghostwriting is a form of misconduct, they are dissuaded from engaging in dishonesty. And when those who knowingly engage in ghostwriting are under the spotlight, they are less likely to engage in research misconduct.

Journals can take part by requiring contributorship statements for publication . Additionally, they can ask authors to make clear any written contributions by private industry. It is not the participation with industry that makes ghostwriting unethical but the lack of transparency with partnerships. Acknowledging medical writers can clarify conflicts of interest–and make their contribution legitimate ( Yadav & Rawal, 2018 ).

From the initial steps of awareness and journal participation, institutional involvement helps enforce a culture of academic integrity around research. Encouraging universities to define ghostwriting as research misconduct is a way to impress the importance of authorship. Other institutional-level support involves forming a standing committee or task force to sanction ghostwriting ( Bosch & Ross, 2012 ).

Some suggestions are punitive, and go as far as making it standard practice that ghostwriters and guest authors be named as defendants in litigation against the pharmaceutical industry, per Moffatt and Elliott ( Moffatt & Elliott, 2007, p. 29 ). Certainly, this would be a deterrent. The lack of disciplinary measures to date has contributed to widespread ghostwriting. Plagiarism results in retractions and negative reputation; the same must happen when it comes to ghostwriting.

As with all academic integrity issues, we hope it doesn’t come to punishment and that such breaches are avoided through education. We hope that spotlighting ghostwriting helps spare unknowing participants of misconduct.

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Ghostwriters in the scientific world

Sankalp yadav.

1 General Duty Medical Officer-II, Department of Medicine & TB, Chest Clinic Moti Nagar, New Delhi, India

Gautam Rawal

2 Associate Consultant, Department, of Respiratory Intensive Care, Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi, India

The scientific world is facing a constant problem of ghostwriters. These ghostwriters are often attached to the medical publishing houses and are involved in writing an article for a pharmaceutical company which may, in turn, use the name of an established or a famous scientist as an author to the article. Often, such articles are published in well-known journals and are circulating widely. Many a time the adverse effects are overlooked in such papers. This will result in a corrupt practice of prescribing a drug which is not scientifically useful or may have life-threatening side effects. In this present article, the authors discuss this evil practice of ghostwriting in the context of the present day scientific publishing.

Introduction

The scientific writing is an important part of the skill and career development [ 1 ]. The scientific world is full of medical journal publishing articles that lay the foundation of the future practice of medicine. However, in the context of this, there is a continuing problem of ghostwriting [ 2 ]. The term ghost authorship means that an individual who contributed substantially to a manuscript is not named in the byline or acknowledgments [ 2 , 3 ]. The ghostwriters came after the development of professional medical writers in the late 20 th century [ 4 ]. There are thousands of such medical/ghost writers around the globe [ 4 ]. The international organizations like the International Committee for Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) do not even acknowledge their existence [ 4 ]. As per the European Medical Writers Association (EMWA), the ghostwriter is the one who prepares a manuscript for an author, but the writer is not given an authorship [ 5 ]. The whole concept of ghostwriting could have been based on the need for the conversion of the raw data to an intelligible document [ 4 ]. However, it has been abused to a greater extent and even established biomedical journals are not spared [ 4 , 6 ]. A study reported that even the Cochrane Reviews has 39% of authors who do not qualify to be the real authors and do not match the authorship guidelines set by the ICJME and of this 11% were ghost authors [ 7 , 8 ]. In this paper the authors, highlight the issues associated with ghostwriting.

The authors searched the term “ghost author”, “ghostwriter” and “ghost authorship” on Google and read the scholarly articles. Besides, a similar search was made on the PubMed to study the gravity of this problem looming large in the scientific world. A detailed overview of this malpractice and possible solutions are suggested in this paper.

The extent of ghostwriting is very wide. The ghostwritten industry-sponsored articles are a common unethical practice and continue to plague biomedical journals which publish industry-sponsored research [ 9 - 12 ]. Healy reported that the major amount of pharmaceutical articles was ghostwritten [ 13 ]. Flanagin et al. 1998, reported that a substantial proportion of articles (up to 11%) in six peer-reviewed medical journals demonstrate evidence of ghost authors [ 14 ]. Stretton 2014, in her paper, reported the details of six cross-sectional surveys in which the prevalence of possible ghostwriting varied from 0.9% to 24.1% [ 12 , 14 - 18 ]. Also, four cross-sectional survey publications reported the prevalence of ghostwriting/author varied from 0.7% to 70% of publications or authors [ 12 ]. As per the recent studies in the British Journal of Psychiatry and the JAMA, around 11% to 50% of the articles on pharmaceuticals that appear in the major biomedical journals may actually be ghostwritten [ 19 , 20 ]. In a detailed study Gøtzsche et al 2007, reported the extent to be around 75% [ 21 ].

Why ghostwriting ? The extent of ghostwriting is very large [ 22 ]. The majority of the scientific data that becomes available due to a large number of researches going in the various fields needs to be converted into a presentable scientific document [ 23 ]. One way to do so is by the use of professional medical writers who ethically help the researchers to bring the raw data into an intelligible document [ 23 ]. The other is by Medical Education and Communications Company or MECC, that includes a number of professional experts in the field of scientific writing and editing [ 23 , 24 ]. These MECC is industry funded and is paid to write articles in favor of the products of the company [ 24 ]. However, if the legitimate services of medical writing agencies or independent writers are used for the vested interest in order to write something for a product or drug overlooking the adverse effects then this constitutes the ghostwriting [ 23 ]. Many times the ghostwriters are funded by the big pharmaceutical companies [ 24 ]. The main principle for this practice is that the pharmaceutical companies fund the ghostwriters to prepare the manuscript which is forwarded to an established scientist in the field who may or may not be allowed to make changes and in turn, is sent to a reputed journal for publication [ 24 ]. The expert scientist is sometimes not even aware of the funding for this malpractice [ 22 ]. These industry-funded ghostwritten articles are aimed to bring the positive side of the drug and many a time overlooking the adverse effects of the drug [ 24 ]. The reputed journals are often chosen, as this brings credibility to the scientific data in the paper [ 22 ]. The higher the repute of the journal bigger will be its audience and higher will be the number of citations, thus adding weight to the actual paper [ 22 ]. The manuscript published is circulated all over the world and in this way the pharmaceutical companies make huge profits from the sales of the drug recommended by an expert in a reputed journal [ 24 ]. It has been well reported in the medical literature that the ghostwriters have been paid huge funds [ 22 , 25 ].

Some famous examples : The grave problem of ghostwriting is evident by really famous examples like the marketing of drugs Fen-Phen, SSRIs, Neurontin, Zoloft, Redux, Vioxx, etc [ 22 , 25 , 26 ]. The manuscripts which were published on these drugs were ghostwritten and the side-effects were totally ignored [ 22 ]. The ghostwritten papers were in large quantities, thus ensuring a favorable outcome in support of the investigational drug even if the efficacy of the drug is reviewed by a meta-analysis [ 22 ]. The actual problem with the whole process of ghostwriting is grave because of non-transparency in the data presented [ 13 ]. Resulting in serious ramifications on the public health [ 24 ]. The ghostwriting has been also considered as an institutionalized plagiarism [ 22 ]. However, there are guidelines which recommend that anybody involved in the plagiarism should be subjected to strict disciplinary action [ 22 ]. These punishments could even involve the retraction of the paper [ 1 ]. But only a small number of all the retracted articles are ever annulled due to plagiarism [ 1 ]. The EMWA recommends that the authors of the biomedical papers should be in full control of the papers even if the same is written by an expert medical writer [ 5 ]. The role of medical writers should be clearly defined and mentioned either as an author in a review paper (if a substantial contribution is there and willingness to share responsibility is present) or in the acknowledgements or the contributors' section [ 5 , 27 - 30 ]. The interaction between the professional writers and the real authors of a manuscript should be clearly defined using the GATE principles based on the Guarantee, Advice, Transparency, and Expertise as defined elsewhere [ 23 , 28 ]. But the huge amount of funds involved in the ghostwriting and the same provided to the experts just for the sake of taking their name for a biased research, usually funded by a big industry is resulting in dubious data being published in reputed journals thereby putting the public health in jeopardy [ 24 ]. The importance of ethical authorship and good publication practices is extremely important [ 31 ]. The malpractice of ghostwriting is not only present in the pharmaceutical articles, but the same is present in academia as well [ 31 ]. The journals and the medical publishing houses have to take radical steps to curb this problem of ghostwriting [ 23 ]. The industries that fund these will never control it [ 22 ]. The peer-reviewed data are an important part of making health care paradigms and thus the false information will lead to serious consequences on the public health [ 2 ]. The impact could be devastating, especially in the developing countries with low expenditure on health and where the per capita income is low and where the problem of corruption is very big [ 32 , 33 ].

The good aspects of professional medical writing : There is a small but clear line of demarcation between a professional medical writer and a ghostwriter [ 23 ]. Although the ghostwriting is having serious impacts on the science, there are some good points in favor of an ethical medical writer, if appropriately acknowledged [ 19 ]. First, an assisted scientific writing brings the results of the research to the public which, if left to senior clinicians would never be reported due to their busy schedule [ 23 , 19 ]. Also, it has been observed that the senior clinicians may not be familiar with the details of the literature to produce a timely and comprehensive text [ 23 , 28 ]. Secondly, the overall paper quality will be superior due to professional writing as the medical writers are the specialist in writing a manuscript [ 23 , 19 ]. Third, based on the scientific data the adverse drug reactions could well be reported comprehensively in an industry-sponsored research [ 19 , 34 ]. Fourth, that some professional writing agencies may disclose the conflicts of interest more clearly [ 19 ]. Fifth, the clinicians, especially from developing countries have a huge burden of clinical works in addition to the research work and thus the services of professional medical writers will help with the publication of their work and thus will be made available to the general public [ 23 ]. This is also supported by the fact that every year the reputed journals return several important manuscripts for revision or even reject them due to poor writing styles, poor organization of the content and even poor English and grammar [ 23 , 35 , 36 ]. Sixth, the professional writers bring clarity to the articles as if the same may be lacking, then the actual idea that the authors want to communicate may be lost [ 23 , 37 , 38 ]. The professional medical writers are legitimate contributors to the article [ 39 , 40 ]. They are a blessing while ghostwriters are intellectually dishonest, unethical and a curse [ 41 ].

To control this problem, a group of medical writers developed the EMWA [ 42 ]. The purpose of EMWA is to identify the issues with the malpractice of ghostwriting in scientific literature and also to suggest the ways to curb it [ 42 ]. The ghostwriting can be controlled if the stakeholders like journals, authors, medical writing agencies and the agencies involved in supervising the publications work in unison [ 23 , 43 ]. At any stage of the peer review if any, involvement of ghostwriter is suspected by the reviewers then the same should be reported to the editors [ 23 ]. The editors must ensure that a contributorship statement is submitted by the authors [ 23 ]. The section for instruction to authors should include guidance for authorship and acknowledgement [ 23 ]. The ICJME has published important criteria for authorship and also the World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) developed a specific policy on ghostwriting [ 41 , 44 ]. Besides, the function of the medical writer in preparing biomedical journal manuscripts is of interest to task forces convened by American Medical Writers Association (AMWA) and EMWA and has resulted in articles of guidelines for medical writers in preparing the scientific documents [ 4 ]. Even after the presence of guidelines, it is very difficult to identify any involvement of an industry in the preparation of any manuscript. Also, if the industry has funded the research and has hired the writing agency then the published paper may become more authentic if the raw data on which the paper is based is also made available to the scientific community for an unbiased analysis and interpretation [ 45 ]. The ghostwriting has really gone to the roots of scientific research and efforts to control it are imperative.

What is known about this topic

• Ghostwriting is prevalent in scientific literature and is underreported;
• Large publication houses are also affected;
• Reputed researchers are the target.

What this study adds

• The extent of ghostwriting is between 0.9%-75%;
• A substantial amount of scientific papers are ghostwritten, policy changes need to include strategies to reduce ghost authorship, in order to curb the overall extent of ghostwriting;
• Emphasis on the development of guidelines similar to those developed by European Medical Writers Association (EMWA), throughout the world to control the malpractice of ghostwriting in scientific literature.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Authors’ contributions

All the authors have read and agreed to the final manuscript.

Understanding Ghostwriting and Ghost Authorship As Problems of Research Integrity

• First Online: 14 October 2022

Cite this chapter

• Lisa DeTora 3  

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Ghostwriting is a serious problem of research integrity; however, its true impact remains unclear, and little concrete advice is available on how to avoid it. Ongoing discussions and engagement are needed by all authors and contributors to research publications. Efforts made by professional groups to ensure authorship transparency with an aim of ending ghost authorship and ghostwriting are presented. Attention to publication planning and execution is necessary to ensure that ghostwriting is eliminated, and research integrity is protected, especially in the context of large studies sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry.

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DeTora, L. (2022). Understanding Ghostwriting and Ghost Authorship As Problems of Research Integrity. In: Faintuch, J., Faintuch, S. (eds) Integrity of Scientific Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99680-2_43

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10 Best Ghostwriting Services (2024)

• Philip Ghezelbash
• July 18, 2022

Today a lot of content is ghostwritten. You hire a writer or writers to write content for you, and then you publish the content under another name, either a person’s or organization’s name. Ghostwriting was initially popularized in traditional publishing but has remained standard practice in content marketing.

What are ghostwriting services?

Ghostwriting services provide companies with written content published under a name other than the person who wrote it. For example, a company may order 100 blog posts from a ghostwriting service and publish them on their website under their staff members’ names.

Ghostwriting services provide different content types; some focus on marketing-related content such as articles, product descriptions, and white papers, while others focus on fiction works such as books or nonfiction books and biographies. 

Why work with a ghostwriting service?

Working with a ghostwriting service is helpful if you don’t have the time to write the content yourself, or you may not have the skills to write well. Suppose you’re not naturally a strong writer. In that case, having dedicated writers can help improve your ability to communicate your message to your audience. If you don’t have the time to write, a ghostwriting service can take care of writing so you can focus on other aspects of your business.

Best ghostwriting services

If you’re looking for a ghostwriting service to use for the content you need, finding the right service provider can be challenging, as there are so many to choose from. We’ve listed some of the best ghostwriting services to make things easier.

1. Writing Studio

Writing Studio is a ghostwriting company that offers various writing services, including ghostwriting articles, SEO content, white papers, eBooks, press releases, and product descriptions. We’re a great place to start if you’re looking for a trusted and reliable partner to ghostwrite content for you regularly.

At Writing Studio, our mission is to help companies create better content faster. We aim to make things as hands-off as possible for you so that you can order content and receive it ready to publish. We have writers with subject matter expertise in countless industries and can deliver content at scale. To learn more about how we can help you with your writing needs, please visit our website and get in touch.

Verblio is a well-known blog and content creation service. They have a large platform with vetted writers where you can order ghostwritten search-friendly blog content at scale. With writers in various industries and an extensive network of writers, Verblio is a great place to order blog content at scale. 

Verblio offers clear and transparent fixed pricing making it easy to budget your monthly blogging needs, and takes measures to ensure quality, such as checking for plagiarism on your behalf. While Verblio primarily advertises itself as a blog and SEO-writing service, they also write other content types such as white papers, press releases, and eBooks. 

3. ContentWriters

ContentWriters is a leading content writing agency that offers fully managed ghostwriting services. They have a platform where you can order various content types, such as blog posts, product descriptions, press releases, and social media posts. Then they will carefully select the appropriate writers for the job, and the content will be written, edited by the editors, and sent to you for approval within the platform.

You can order as a ‘self-service’ which is cheaper, or if you have more extensive content needs, you can work with a dedicated account manager who will take care of your regular writing requirements. ContentWriters serve every major industry, including health, automotive, law, and more.

4. The Book Butchers

The Book Butchers is a ghostwriting/editing service with a team of skilled editors and ghostwriters who have decades of experience transforming books into masterpieces. With comments about them like “insanely talented book editors”, you can rest assured that your book will stand out against the rest.

The editors on their team hold at least an MA in Literature and two years of writing/editing experience. The Book Butcher’s team are skilled at advanced story structure and can bring out the hidden value of your manuscript to make it into the best seller it deserves to be! While they don’t have a fancy marketplace platform, they have the talent the marketplaces wish they had.

Upwork is a freelance platform where you can hire writers. There are tens of thousands of writers on Upwork; some don’t ghostwrite content, but plenty will. Because the network of writers is so extensive, you’ll be able to find writers with specialties in virtually all industries, from healthcare to cryptocurrency. Furthermore, some writers charge less than $20 per hour, and others charge well over $100, meaning no matter your budget range, it should be easy to find a suitable writer for your needs.

Getting set up with Upwork is easy. You post a job, wait for freelancers to apply, and then choose which you want to work with. You can also invite specific writers interested in applying directly to your job post.

6. Scripted

Scripted is a freelance writing platform that provides you access to a large pool of writers for hire. It’s kind of like Upwork but specifically centered around freelance writers. You pay a monthly subscription fee for access to the platform, and then you can work with individual freelancers there to sort out your project’s specifics, including rates.

Scripted has a huge pool of writers, which means that you can find freelancers specializing in any industry and writers that can write most content types (everything from articles for your blog to social media posts for LinkedIn). Furthermore, Scripted also offers managed services for companies that want everything taken care of on their behalf as additional monthly service fees. 

7. Express Writers

Express Writers is another writing service that provides various content types ghostwritten. You can order everything from blog posts to web pages, social media posts, and email copy here. Something that sets Express Writers apart from other providers is that you can decide whether you want ‘specialty’ content or ‘authority’ content. If you require content written by subject matter experts, you can pay a higher fee for that expertise guarantee.

If you need content that isn’t so technical, you can pay less for ghostwriters with less technical expertise who can still write well. Express Writers have a content shop that provides a simple process to order content on their website quickly. Unlike some companies, they also ensure all your ghostwritten content is fully edited and proofread by their editorial team.

8. Semrush Marketplace

Semrush Marketplace is a ghostwriting service platform that offers a range of content types, including blog articles, press releases, product descriptions, and more. Here you can seamlessly order content on their marketplace and then have it delivered within a few days to review.

One unique benefit of Semrush Marketplace is that you get access to a range of SEO tools offered by Semrush (a leading provider of various SEO and content marketing tools). The platform is easy to use, has transparent and reasonable pricing, and offers a good range of cotnent types, all of which are entirely ghostwritten and private per their terms.

Brafton is a content marketing agency that provides writing services as a core part of its solutions. They can write many content types, including blog posts, white papers, eBooks, and landing pages. Brafton doesn’t offer fixed pricing like many other companies and requires you to inquire about their services to get a specific quote. They provide custom services depending on your needs.

Brafton’s writers are all domain experts and cover various industries. One benefit of Brafton is that they don’t just provide writing as a service; they can also help with the strategy, planning, and distribution of content to help with multiple aspects of your marketing campaigns. 

10. The Urban Writers

The Urban Writers is a ghostwriting company that can help write many types of content such as fiction and nonfiction books, SEO articles, Children’s books, book descriptions, and more.

The Urban Writers offers a user-friendly platform where you can post your project and gain access to hundreds of vetted and specialized writers. The platform also offers live order tracking, so you never miss an update, a freelancer search tool to browse written profiles, and the ability to build teams with your favorite go-to freelancers. While The Urban Writers looks great, their rates are pretty low, so they may not offer the highest quality.

The bottom line

There are many ghostwriting services available. Ultimately, the right ghostwriting solution depends on factors such as your budget, the type of content you’re looking for, the industry you’re in, whether you require other services apart from writing, and how closely you want the company to work with your team. Hopefully, this list has made making a choice easier.

Don’t forget to share this article!

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What Does a Content Marketer Do?

10 Best Proofreading Services (2024)

What Is a Content Creator? (and How to Become One)

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Ghostwriting in biomedicine: a review of the published literature

Affiliations.

• 1 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, USA.
• 2 Syneos Health, Morrisville, NC, USA.
• 3 Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA, USA.
• 4 Janssen Global Services LLC, Raritan, NJ, USA.
• PMID: 30986084
• DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2019.1608101

Introduction: The systematic review of biomedical ghostwriting has proven challenging due to problems in consistency and in study design. Moreover, authorship guidelines established by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) may have inadvertently created opportunities to potentiate ghostwriting. Given continued interest in ghostwriting by the International Society of Medical Publication Professionals (ISMPP) and other organizations, we undertook an analysis of ghostwriting in the biomedical literature. Methods: We searched PubMed (search terms: ghost writ*, ghostwrit*, ghost writer, ghostwriter, ghostwriting and ghost writing). Results, including abstracts, were reviewed for relevance (relationship to ghostwriting in biomedical journals) to aid in removal of inapplicable work and duplicate publications. After review, we consolidated expert opinions for publication professionals. Results: Overlap was poor across search terms; of 181 unique papers identified, most (112/181) were opinion pieces. An increasing number of papers are using the term "ghostwriting" to describe genetics as well as diverse phenomena of misattributed authorship, including "ghost authorship". Eight primary studies and 1 systematic review of ghostwriting incidence were identified, reporting prevalence ranging from <1% to 91%, in varied settings using differing methods and definitions of ghostwriting. Suggestions for avoiding ghostwriting include early consensus building and better definitions of authorship among manuscript teams. Discussion: The prevalence and definition of ghostwriting remain unclear. Increased transparency and auditable authorship practices that align with specific guidelines may aid in the avoidance of ghostwriting. In addition, MeSH or clearer indexing terms may be helpful to separate usages of ghostwriting in scientific settings (e.g. genetic research) versus biomedical publishing.

Keywords: Ghost writing; authorship; ghostwriting; publication ethics; transparency.

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Watch CBS News

How one profile led a ghostwriter to an unlikely friendship: "Age is just a number"

By David Begnaud , Kelsie Hoffman

June 10, 2024 / 10:04 AM EDT / CBS News

A young ghostwriter is showing that age is just a number as she created an unlikely friendship from one profile she wrote.

Olivia Savoie has written life stories on behalf of 50 people and preserved them privately in little books.

"Whether I've interviewed a farmer or a philanthropist, they all have a story that's invaluable to their family," Savoie told CBS News contributor David Begnaud. "A book I find, it's a way to safely store memories over time and photographs. We curate their most cherished photos too; so that they're never lost."

Only close family get one of the very few prized copies.

All of Savoie's stories are about people who, towards the end of their lives, let down their guard to tell this south Louisiana writer what made them and what mattered most.

"My work makes me not afraid of age at all, and definitely appreciate it, and the wisdom that comes with it," the 29-year-old said.

At first, Fred Vollman, 86, didn't want his life story in a book, but his children did.

"So he humored them and he met with me," Savoie said. "And I wasn't sure how that would go because in the past, everyone was always so eager to sit in on interviews and he wasn't so excited about it."

Vollman is a retired businessman, an avid pilot, and a father of five who lost his first wife to cancer, then remarried and together there are 33 grandchildren.

"He shocked me because, within minutes of meeting him, it's like his resolve just melted away. I felt like we had known each other for so long."

In the four years since their initial meeting, Savoie and Vollman developed an unlikely friendship.

"We talk a lot, and I've become interested in her entire family," Vollman said of his relationship with Savoie. "She has two children now and a wonderful husband. And we follow each other, not on a daily basis, but very often telling of, you know, things that are happening to us. What's happening good, what's happening bad."

In writing her books, Savoie sometimes receives written reflections from family members. One came from Vollman's son, Willie, which turned out to be extraordinarily special.

"I didn't tell you at the time that what Willie sent me was so different than what I've ever received from anyone because it was -- it was so poetic and so beautiful," she told Vollman.

Willie died suddenly a year after Savoie finished Vollman's book.

Vollman read part of the reflection from his son, which said, "I remember him for being the smartest man in the room. I remember him for always being generous without hope of reward. I remember him as someone who does not let discomfort get in the way of obligation. I remember him as a stern, but loving dad."

Savoie and Vollman said sharing what's so deeply personal has cemented their friendship.

"Both of us know that age is just a number," Savoie said. "And we had a connection and things in common and we cared about each other. And so why not be friends?"

Savoie believes that her friendship with Vollman is a story that needs to be heard.

" So I wanted to write about how two people who seemingly should have nothing in common can become friends," she said. "I wanted to explain how we just had a connection, a bond, how we shared in each other's joys, in each other's sorrows, had a few common interests and just became friends."

David Begnaud is a CBS News contributor and previously served as the lead national correspondent for "CBS Mornings," based in New York City.

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Power 's Michael Rainey Jr. Says He's 'Still Processing' After Being Sexually Assaulted on Livestream

The 'Power Book II: Ghost' actor was grabbed without his consent during an appearance on TyTy James' Twitch livestream on June 9

Steven Ferdman/Getty

Michael Rainey Jr. is speaking out after he was touched without his consent on a livestream.

On June 9, the Power Book II: Ghost star, 23, appeared on TyTy James' Twitch livestream and was grabbed inappropriately by James' sister in a moment caught on camera during the stream and later circulated on X (formerly Twitter).

In a statement to PEOPLE, a rep for Rainey Jr. said he is "deeply saddened and shocked by the events that occurred during the TyTy James live stream this past weekend. He is still processing what happened and doesn't entirely know how to feel about it."

"This situation is not being taken lightly," the statement continued. "Sexual harassment and assault are serious and unacceptable acts. Taking advantage of someone's celebrity in this manner devalues entertainers and underscores the need to respect their humanity. Those who entertain us are human beings just like everyone else."

In the video, James' sister's hands were blocked by the children standing in front of her, but Rainey Jr. looked visibly uncomfortable after she approached him. He appeared to reach down in an effort to block her contact while looking around for help. The actor reportedly exited the livestream shortly after the encounter.

Jamie McCarthy/Getty

On his Instagram Stories, Rainey Jr. wrote that he is "still in shock" and "can't take it lightly because I know I would be in serious trouble if the roles were reversed."

"This is an unfortunate situation that I can't condone in any way," he wrote. "The fact is, sexual assault is never okay, regardless of gender or status. We're all human, and we should respect each other. Most importantly, we should respect ourselves."

Never miss a story — sign up for PEOPLE's free daily newsletter to stay up-to-date on the best of what PEOPLE has to offer​​, from celebrity news to compelling human interest stories. 

James took to his Instagram Stories to share a statement, too, in response to the clip, writing, "After the actions that occurred during my stream last night I would like to sincerely apologize to Michael and his family for what took place."

"My little sister was completely wrong and out of line. What she did was very inappropriate and unacceptable. I am truly embarrassed and disgusted by her actions," the statement continued. "I completely respect whatever direction Michael wants to go in this situation. After watching the clip, I was completely taken aback by what she done [sic]. I will take extreme precautions with future streams to avoid similar issues and have banned her from participating in future streams. I do not condone any type of assault."

If you or someone you know has been sexually assaulted, please contact the National Sexual Assault Hotline at 1-800-656-HOPE (4673) or go to rainn.org .

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