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Editorial Policies

The review process.

Applied Physics Letters   is published by AIP Publishing . The editor-in-chief, aided by the deputy editors and associate editors, is responsible for the content and editorial matters related to APL. To identify papers that meet APL publication standards, the editor-in-chief and the deputy editors initially screen all submitted manuscripts. Manuscripts that pass the screening are evaluated by expert referees.  Generally, two referees are sought but decisions on publication may be made with fewer or more reviews as required. Routinely, we decide whether to publish a manuscript after one or two rounds of review. We only allow additional reviews in exceptional situations.

Criteria For Publication

APL offers rapid publication of short experimental and theoretical papers related to applications of physics phenomena in all branches of science, engineering, and modern technology. Because the significance, novelty, and timeliness of results are critical considerations, APL’s publication standards require the manuscript to meet one or more of the following criteria:

• Report research that makes a substantial advance in applied physics and closely related disciplines
• Advance new or emerging fields that influence the direction of applied science
• Develop innovative technology using underlying physical principles
• Present scientific advances that cross multiple disciplines, generating new avenues of science dialogue
• Take critical steps toward real-world applications

Before submitting a manuscript to APL for consideration, authors should note the following additional points:

• Cover Letter:  Authors of APL are highly encouraged to provide a cover letter as part of their submission. It can help convey the importance of the research to the Editors, explain why you consider the paper appropriate for the broad readership of Applied Physics Letters and specifically how it aligns with the criteria for publication. The cover letter should make a clear statement on the manuscript’s significance and list related work by the authors. The cover letter will not be transmitted to peer reviewers and is intended to aid in the editorial pre-screening of manuscripts.
• Device proposals:  A number of manuscripts submitted to APL concern proposed devices that have not yet been constructed. We consider such submissions only when one or more of the three following criteria apply: (i) it contains sufficient novel theory to qualify as a theoretical manuscript; (ii) it includes sample experimental data by the author to demonstrate that the idea is feasible; or (iii) the idea is of such novelty and potential importance that (i) and (ii) can be waived.
• Materials preparations:  Manuscripts about materials preparation, including thin-film synthesis and processing, must contain more than one of the following features: (i) new or unique methods for preparing materials or films; (ii) novel, unusual, or excellent properties; and (iii) physics rather than merely giving recipes. Although recipes can be helpful to the community, there are more appropriate places to publish them.
• We discourage the use of words like "new" and "novel." If the findings are not new or novel, they should not be submitted to APL. Also, avoid trivial priority claims such as "for the first time" and phrases such as "to the best of our knowledge."
• Timeliness:  A fraction of papers, which report new results but in a mature field, do not fulfill the condition of timeliness required by APL.
• Serial Submissions:  Authors should not attempt to publish incremental advances in ongoing work as a series of manuscripts. While there is a need for rapid communication of important results, serial publication of specialized advances can result in fractured literature that is less accessible to readers. Further, we do not accept serial submissions designed solely to meet manuscript length requirements.
• Serial Publications:  As a letters journal focusing on short manuscripts in rapidly evolving fields, APL does not publish sequential (serial) papers with the same title on the same topic and identified as Part I, Part II, etc.
• Language Standard:  It is the authors’ responsibility to ensure that manuscripts are written clearly. A manuscript can be rejected if the scientific meaning is unclear due to poor English. Manuscripts that do not meet Applied Physics Letters ’ language standard will be returned to the authors for rewrite before peer review, during the review process and/or if provisionally accepted pending language editing.

Because good science has no value unless it is clearly communicated, AIP Publishing recommends that authors use AIPP Author Services to improve the quality of your paper’s written English. AIPP Author Services was developed in line with our commitment to diversity, equity and inclusion for all authors. Using this service ensures that your paper will be free of language deficiencies, so editors and reviewers will be able to fully understand your research during the review process. A native English-speaking subject matter expert of AIP Author Services will correct spelling, grammar and punctuation and verify the use and consistency of technical terms and content in your paper. Note that this is not a requirement or a guarantee of acceptance for review or publication.

Length:  We will return manuscripts that exceed APL’s length limit to the author to shorten before we consider it for publication. If a manuscript must be longer than the length limit to effectively communicate results, it is not a Letter and should be submitted to a journal that publishes full-length articles. Guidelines for estimating length are included in the Author Instructions .

Title length:  Authors of APL are encouraged to restrict title to the order of 100 characters including spaces. This is a guideline only.

Figures:  Figures should highlight, clarify, and summarize data and results.  They must be legible, with clear graphics, easily understood axis and labels, and well composed captions.  For detailed information on preparing figures see our Instructions for Preparing Graphics .

Bylines:  Any changes the authors wish to make to the author byline after the initial submission of a manuscript should be made in writing, and the document, or concurrence letter, should be signed by all authors, including those being added or removed. The new author list should be stated directly along with a justification for the change. Getting the signatures and providing the letter is the responsibility of the corresponding author.  Alternatively, the corresponding author may send an email to all authors, including the author who is being added or removed, stating the desired author order and the justification for the change and requesting that each author respond back to the corresponding author and copy the editorial office indicating approval of the change. 

If the authors wish to make a change to the byline, they should begin by contacting the editorial office ( [email protected] ) indicating the change they want to make and whether they will provide a concurrence letter or verify concurrence through the email process.  The editorial office will then provide instructions on how to provide documentation to the journal.

Copyright:  Authors publishing in the journal retain the copyright and must complete an exclusive License to Publish Agreement. When authors submit their manuscript to the journal, they imply that their work has neither been previously copyrighted nor accepted for publication elsewhere. Because the License to Publish Agreement must be completed before the journal publishes a manuscript, we encourage authors to sign the agreement electronically before they submit their manuscript. This will prevent unnecessary delays. We also require authors to inform the editors if the manuscript, or part of the manuscript, has been previously submitted to, or is pending at, another journal.

Patents:  Authors assume the risk of submitting a manuscript that contains patentable ideas. Neither APL nor AIP Publishing assumes any responsibility in this regard.

The editors reject a manuscript when it does not fit the mission of APL, does not meet APL’s standards for novelty and importance, or when it has technical issues that lead to concerns about the reliability of the results. Editorial rejection without review is based on the first two considerations, although editors may return a paper without review if they notice a serious technical issue. Rejection after review generally results from assessment of novelty and importance or from technical concerns uncovered in the review process. There are a few other reasons that a paper may be not be published. For example, when a large number of potential referees turn down the invitation to review, this is a sign that the paper does not overlap APL’s mission and audience. In such cases, the editors will return the manuscript so that the authors can pursue a more appropriate journal.

Authors can appeal a rejection by submitting an appeal to the editorial office ( [email protected] ) within 30 days after the manuscript is rejected. The appeal must include a revised manuscript and a succinct (one page or less) explanation of the arguments in favor of reconsideration. Successful appeals focus on clarifying the suitability or importance of the work if the editors rejected the manuscript because it did not fit APL’s mission or did not meet APL’s standards for novelty or importance. If the editors rejected the manuscript based on technical issues, the appeal must rebut the technical issues raised in the referee’s reports. In your appeal, address APL's acceptance standards. Also, keep in mind that because your manuscript was initially rejected, you must provide an insight or argument that goes beyond what the editor has already learned through the review process compelling the editor to conclude that your manuscript deserves further consideration. 

Examples of approaches that do not lead to successful appeals include:

• A simple revision of the paper to address referees’ comments. The editor would probably have returned the paper and allowed the authors to update it if a simple revision would have addressed the main issue.
• Resubmitting the paper under a new manuscript number within 30 days of rejection. Once a paper has been rejected, it is inappropriate to resubmit essentially the same manuscript even if it has been updated in response to the referees’ comments. Resubmissions are automatically rejected by the editorial office and the authors are informed of the appeal process.
• Reinterpreting the referees’ reports for the editor. It is better to provide the editors with new information or insights.
• Providing a list of papers on the same topic that have recently been published in APL. This can create concerns about the novelty or importance of the work.

Appeals will not be considered if submitted after 30 days. In order for a rejected manuscript to be considered again for publication in APL after 30 days, it must be revised to meet APL’s acceptance standards for novelty and importance as well as incorporate feedback from editors and/or referees, and submitted under a new manuscript number. An appeal letter clarifying the suitability of the work, as described in APL’s Editorial Policies, must be included with the new submission. The appeal letter must also provide a satisfactory explanation as to why the appeal was not made within the 30 day appeal timeframe.

Ruling on an appeal of a rejected manuscripts is not immediate. Decisions generally take one or two weeks.

Policies about Comments, Responses, Retractions, and Corrections

APL and AIP Publishing’s policy is based on best practices in academic publishing. We take seriously our responsibility to maintain the integrity and completeness of the scholarly record of our content. We have several mechanisms to correct errors in articles that have been published in APL. Authors can use an Erratum to correct a simple error or omission in a published article. A retraction may be issued if there is clear evidence that the findings are unreliable. These are discussed in AIP Publishing's Retraction and Correction Policies .

Readers can use a Comment to identify and correct significant errors or deficiencies in APL articles or to take issue with the conclusions reached. Comments can also provide additional insight or corroboration even when an article does not contain an error. We encourage readers considering submission of a Comment to first contact the authors of the article in question for a direct response. The following policies apply to Comments and Responses submitted to APL:

• Comments must meet the same standards of importance and timeliness as Letters published in APL. Hence, they must address a significant concern or new insight to be suitable for publication. In addition, the longer it has been since an article was published, the more likely it is that the body of published literature has corrected a serious error, which makes a Comment less valuable.
• Comments must address scientific issues only and be concise, substantive, and contain no harsh criticism. Comments should not be used to address controversies over research priority or to call attention to an oversight in a reference list.
• A Comment should be fewer than 1000 words, no more than one journal page. When estimating length, consider reference lists, tables, figures, and figure captions. The title should read: “Comment on original title [APL volume, page (year)].”
• The editors initially evaluate a Comment to determine whether it meets APL’s publication standards. If so, the editors will typically ask the authors of the original Letter for a Response to the Comment. Like the Comment, the Response must conform to the requirements listed above, including the 1000-word limit. The title of the response should read: “Response to Comment on original title [APL volume, page (year)].” The editors also evaluate the Response to determine whether it meets publication standards.
• In general, after a Comment and Response pass editorial review, the same anonymous referee reviews the Comment and its Response. If the Comment is rejected, neither is published. If the Response alone is rejected, the Comment will be published without the Response. If both are accepted, the Comment and the Response will appear in the same issue. Only one round of review is allowed for both Comment and Response. If the Comment and Response require more than minor revisions, both are rejected. APL cannot guarantee as rapid a publication schedule as that which we maintain for regular submissions.

If your manuscript is not accepted for publication in Applied Physics Letters , an editor may recommend a transfer to another AIP Publishing journal, such as AIP Advances , for immediate consideration. AIP Advances is a peer-reviewed, fully open access journal covering all areas of the physical sciences. For more information about AIP Advances, visit https://pubs.aip.org/aip/adv .

In some cases, the transfers are offered after consultations with the editors of other AIP Publishing journals. If you choose to transfer your manuscript, all reviewer reports and editor recommendations will be transferred along with the manuscript. Please visit the receiving journal's website for more information. Manuscripts must meet the receiving journal’s acceptance criteria. There is no guarantee that the receiving journal will publish a transferred manuscript.

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English Editing Research Services

Writing a Successful Journal Cover Letter (Free Templates)

Even great manuscripts often stand out based on the title or its contents alone. They need great cover letters.

Cover letters for journal submission are an underrated part of the submission process. Don’t overlook them. They’re a valuable step to getting your research noticed, published, and all the good things that come after that.

The truth is, most journal editors just don’t have the time to thoroughly read every submitted article in full to decide if it’s suitable for their journal. They use cover letters to help them filter out the most interesting and appropriate submissions first.

Cover letters also help identify articles completely out of the journal’s scope and that would be better off getting a quick letter of rejection.

If your manuscript doesn’t have a cover letter and the 12 other articles on the editor’s desk do, it’s likely that your paper will be looked at last. Putting in that extra effort, just like on a job application, lets you sell your research, avoid quick rejections, and more likely make it to peer review.

We also have some journal cover letter templates and examples for you, so you don’t have to start from zero. Read on.

What do you put in a journal cover letter?

Your cover letter needs certain basic elements. Generally they are:

• Editor and target journal
• Salutation (Dear Dr. …)
• Indication you’re submitting your manuscript, along with its title, and the category of manuscript you’re submitting (Original Report, Review , Case Study, etc.) based on what the journal accepts
• Background information regarding your work – what is already known about the subject matter?
• What your study was
• Why you performed the study (rationale)
• Briefly, what methods you used and what your key findings were
• Why your manuscript is a great fit for this journal
• (optional, depending on the journal and on if you want to do this) Recommended reviewers
• (optional, depending on the journal) Funding information
• Closing line (Sincerely, etc.) and the name and contact details for the manuscript’s corresponding author

Those are the key elements. It’s how you express them and the quality of your message that mean the different between a dry overview and an attractive promotion of your work.

Many journals don’t have a prescribed format for the cover letter. On the other end of the spectrum are PLOS ONE’s guidelines , which give specifics on what to include, including selecting Academic Editors from its directory.

Always check the guidelines first to be sure you give the journal what it wants. Those are basics. With a grasp of those, there are many ways to polish your cover letter into a valuable sales tool for your work.

What to do and what to avoid in your journal cover letter

Most “problems with journal cover letters relate to simply not spending enough time and care on it. Or even not doing it at all. These are easily fixed if you’re a skilled English writer. If not, they’re still easily fixed with a little help.

All of the following are critical. Make sure you DO:

• Check the name of your target journal.
• Address the cover letter to the relevant person. It is not enough to simply say “Dear Editor” or “To whom it may concern.” Include the name, title and position of the editor you are addressing.
• Avoid superlatives – about the journal, yourself and your own work. It’s pretty unlikely your work is “groundbreaking” or “trailblazing,” though it may by the “first time ever” that a certain approach was taken with a certain population.
• Check the formatting. This varies by journal. It includes US vs. UK vs. Oxford English spelling, correct page numbering, use of templates, and much more.
• Get a colleague to read your cover letter before you send it.

“ A typical cover letter just repeats the abstract. That’s a huge missed opportunity. You need to think of what the journal wants. Try to tailor your manuscript’s novel and interesting points specifically to the your target journal’s aims and scope. It may mean an extra half-hour of work for you, but if it helps get you published, isn’t it worth that small investment of time? “ — Geraldine Echue , PhD, CMPP Edanz Managing Editor

But don’t do this…

The following may not be critical, but they’re common areas that authors mess up. Sometimes they don’t know they’re doing it or they’re just trying their best. So be aware

Make sure you DON’T :

• Take shortcuts. Your cover letter is very important for getting your manuscript to peer review; give it time and attention.
• Cut and paste your abstract, or sections of it, into the cover letter. That’s low-effort and low-readability. Reword it to make it pop.
• Over-praise the editor or target journal – it’s not necessary to use such phrases as “your esteemed journal.” A manuscript will be sent for peer review based on the quality of the cover letter and study, not because you say nice things about the journal.
• Forget to use the Word (or other software’s) spellcheck and, ideally, use a tool like Grammarly and/or Hemingway to help grammar and readability. These are no substitute for a professional edit, though.
• Be overly proud about your English skills. Just like you go to the dentist to get your teeth fixed, you can hire a professional editor and subject matter expert to get your English fixed.

Not that a lot of these also reply to resubmission letters and responses to peer review . The underlying themes are care, courtesy, and excellent English suitable for your audience.

And two more big DOs

• DO get a professional edit or proofread if you’re not a native speaker of English or just not that great at writing.

DO have a professional write your cover letter for you if you want to save some time and make sure you got everything just as the journal wants it. The Edanz Cover Letter Development service can handle this for you.

Set phrases and common expressions

The journal letter maintains a formal tone, so there are certain stock phrases you can use and in some cases must use. As a result, there are a number of phrases which are common to cover letters.

These include:

• To our knowledge, this is the first report showing…
• We believe our findings will appeal to the readership of [target journal name].
• Please address all correspondence to:
• We look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience.

“I’ve found about 60% of authors don’t submit a cover letter at all. It seems they just expect something magical to happen with their manuscript. Journal editors struggle with this: they’re not necessarily subject-area specialists. They wonder, ‘Why is the paper important?'” — Gareth Dyke , PhD Edanz Author Education Manager

Commonly required statements

Many journals and publishers require that all cover letters should contain the following sentences:

• We confirm that this manuscript has not been published elsewhere and is not under consideration by another journal.
• All authors have read and approved the final manuscript and agree with its submission to [target journal name].

Competing interests

If all authors have no competing interests, you should include a statement indicating as such:

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

If an author does have competing interests, it’s a good idea to include details of these in your cover letter. You might also include funding information:

This study was supported by a grant from the [funding body].

Other required statements

Some other potentially required information:

• Clinical trial registration database and number
• Has this manuscript been published in another language? If so, has that journal editor given permission for this submission?
• What other publications related to the same study have been published? (especially for clinical trial related manuscripts)
• Has the data in your study been presented or been published in any other format? For studies involving human subjects, was informed consent obtained? Was permission obtained from an ethics committee? Was the study carried in accordance with Declaration of Helsinki guidelines?
• Was permission obtained for the reproduction or modification of previously published figures and tables (especially for review articles).

The journal’s guidelines will typically give specific directions on which of these to include, if any. And if you have any questions, get in touch with them directly.

Journal submission tips and hacks from the experts

Most of these are plain common sense, but if you’re in a hurry, you might overlook them. Some are less commonly known.

Be personal, use the editor’s name

Do your homework. Look up the name of the Editor-in-Chief or the specific Section Editor for the journal you’re submitting to and address the letter to them directly.

Use Dear Dr. (or Professor) + their Last name . If you’re not sure of their title, Google them to see if they have a LinkedIn page, ResearchGate page, or works published in the last couple of years. If you still can’t confirm their title, use Dear Full name as shown on the journal’s webpage .

It’s like a cover letter for a job; you need to personalize your cover letter to demonstrate your interest in that particular journal, and not make it look like you’d just be happy to get your paper accepted anywhere.

You should also explain why your study will be of specific interest to the readers of the journal.

Check the Aims & Scope on the journal website to see who their target audience is and tailor your reasoning to them.

Tell them what you want to publish

This may seem obvious, but sometimes authors submit cover letters without including the title of their manuscript and what type of article it is.

This should appear in the very first paragraph of your letter and will help the editor see immediately if the topic is of interest and judge whether they have space for the article type you’re submitting for the current issue.

Even more, it will show that you thoroughly read the guidelines. If you say you’re submitting “Original Research” when the journal calls it “Research Articles”, you’re not making a very good first impression.

Summarize the highlights of your work

It’s not enough to simply include the title of your manuscript in the cover letter and hope that alone will attract the editor.

Try to keep the cover letter to one page, but always include a brief summary of your study outlining the reasons why you conducted the work, your aims, and the major results you observed. If that makes you go a bit longer, it’s not a big deal.

Don’t include statistics or a lot of data; a compelling summary of the study is sufficient. If the editor is interested, they’ll look into your manuscript more deeply for further details.

Sell yourself

Cover letters are your chance to talk directly with the journal editor and convince them that your paper is more interesting than the next one sitting on their desk. Talk about any real-world implications of your findings or the significance of your results for the field. Don’t be too speculative or over-exaggerate your findings, but do take this important opportunity to feature the importance of your work.

Don’t forget your “must have” statements

Editors want to know that your manuscript has not been submitted elsewhere or is under consideration at another journal.

They want to know any relevant conflict of interest information and any roles the funding body played in the study.

The author instructions may or may not have explicit information on what they want you to write, but it’s good practice to state this information upfront. This way, the editor doesn’t have to dig through the manuscript to know if you’ve met the basic ethical requirements for publication.

See it in action: Edanz video on writing cover letters

We laid out the basics of a cover letter in this video.

And if you don’t want to start with a blank document…

Get a cover letter template

It’s all easier said than done, right?

Download a template to plug-and-play your text.

Download the above short-form or long-form cover letter from the Edanz Learning Lab template collection .

“When I became a journal editor, I really learned how important cover letters are. We need them to learn more about submissions and to make more informed decisions on whether to send manuscripts out for peer review. As a journal editor, I greatly appreciate a carefully written cover letter; it saves me time and it shows me the authors really care. It also helps with reviewer selections … something I rarely have time to do.” — Gareth Dyke , PhD Editor-in-Chief of Taylor & Francis journal ‘Historical Biology’

By the way, not all cover letters are the same, though most are. PLOS ONE cover letters are a notable exception and have certain requirements for what you need to tell them, such as which of their Academic Editors you want to review your submission. See their guidelines here .

So, all set to do your cover letter? Now go find a forever home for your manuscript and tell them why they’re the perfect fit for you.

Want to dig deeper into the publication process, soup to nuts, ideas to publication? Take simple, expert-designed courses to walk you through it all, at the Edanz My Learning Lab .

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What should be included in a cover letter?

You may be required to submit a cover letter with your submission. Individual journals may have specific requirements regarding the cover letter's contents, so please consult the individual journal's Guide for Authors.

A cover letter is a simple, brief business letter, designed to introduce your manuscript to a prospective Editor.  If the Guide for Authors does not specify what to include in your cover letter, you may wish to include some of the following items:

• Specify special considerations that should be given to the paper (if any).
• A brief background regarding the research involved or how the data was collected.
• Details of any previous or concurrent submissions.
• It's also useful to provide the Editor-in-Chief with any information that will support your submission (e.g. original or confirmatory data, relevance, topicality).
• The inclusion (or exclusion) of certain Reviewers (if  propose/oppose reviewers  isn't an available step in the submission process).
• Bring to the Editor’s attention any  Conflict of Interest or Permissions information  which may be relevant.  Be sure to upload any accompanying forms or declarations as required to your submission.

Please note: When your manuscript is received at Elsevier, it's considered to be in its 'final form' ready to be reviewed, so please check your manuscript carefully before you submit it to the Editor. A guide to the publication process and getting your article published in an Elsevier journal is available on the Elsevier Publishing Campus .

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For further assistance:

How do you write a PRL cover letter?

Dear PRL. I am attaching a manuscript describing our latest research results in producing (d,d) fusion via acoustic cavitation. We have published earlier work both in Science and Physical Review E in which we produced fusion by initiating cavitation with a neutron source.

Is Physical Review Letters a good journal?

2021 Journal Citation Reports – Highlights The world’s premier physics letter journal, PRL remains the most-cited journal in physics and the highest-impact letters journal in the Physics, Multidisciplinary category.

Is APS physics peer-reviewed?

APS publications serve the international physics community with peer-reviewed research journals, news and commentary about the latest research published in the Physical Review journals, news about and for members, information about physics and its place in the world, and blogs covering science policy, as well as fun …

How do you write a PRL paper?

Finally PRL requires you write a brief introduction (1-2 paragraphs) that sets your work in a context so that the general readers (i.e., not in your specialty) can figure why they should be interested in your paper. In writing, be pecific. Avoid the passive voice. Use short, single-idea paragraphs.

How much does it cost to publish in PRL?

The new article-processing charges, which will cover all costs and provide a sustainable funding model, have been set at $1700 for papers in the Physical Review and $2700 for those in Physical Review Letters.

How prestigious Are Physical Review Letters?

As also confirmed by various measurement standards, which include the Journal Citation Reports impact factor and the journal h-index proposed by Google Scholar, many physicists and other scientists consider Physical Review Letters to be one of the most prestigious journals in the field of physics. Phys.

Is Physical Review A Q1?

Physical Review A is a journal covering the technologies/fields/categories related to Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics (Q1). It is published by American Physical Society.

What is a good impact factor?

In most fields, the impact factor of 10 or greater is considered an excellent score while 3 is flagged as good and the average score is less than 1.

How do you write a physics paper?

What format do physics papers use?

Papers written for the physics department should be in manuscript format, generally following the AIP Style Manual 4th ed. If the paper is to be an SU honors thesis, additional items (such as a signature page and a table of contents) are required, and the order of some elements is changed.

Do all journals have publication fees?

Most journals charge a significant fee to those submitting a paper, sometimes in the thousands of dollars. The paper’s author might have to pay these fees, although sometimes his or her university or institution has a subscription fee or otherwise covers the cost of publishing.

How much do top publishers charge for open access?

The largest publishers of Open Access journals (BioMed Central and PLoS) charge between US$ 1,350 to US$ 2,250 to publish peer-reviewed articles. However, this figure can go up to US$ 2,700 or even US$ 2,900 for articles published in more renowned journals.

Is Physical Review E good?

The overall rank of Physical Review E is 5273. According to SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), this journal is ranked 0.847. SCImago Journal Rank is an indicator, which measures the scientific influence of journals.

Is Physical Review Scopus indexed?

The impact factor of PHYSICAL REVIEW A is 2.971. It is published by American Physical Society. The journal is indexed in UGC CARE, Scopus, SCIE.

Is Physical Review fluids a good journal?

Physical Review Fluids Rank and SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) The overall rank of Physical Review Fluids is 3069. According to SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), this journal is ranked 1.198. SCImago Journal Rank is an indicator, which measures the scientific influence of journals.

Is Physical Review Applied open access?

Editorial and Publishing Policies All Physical Review journals share many common policies, covering professional conduct, publication rights, copyright, research involving animal and human subjects, and open access.

How many APS should I take senior year?

Aim for four to eight AP exams in your junior and senior years. For competitive Ivy League schools, admission officers also want to see AP courses for core subject areas and additional courses. If possible, aim to pass about seven to 12 AP exams if applying to these highly selective schools.

What does APS stand for in physics?

American Physical Society (APS Physics)

How long is an AP course?

AP courses run the length of the academic school year, with the exams hosted over the course of 2 weeks in early to mid-May. You can self-study for these exams in a shorter amount of time but it is very difficult to comprehend the amount of material you would need in order to get a top score on the exams.

What is a high impact factor?

Impact Factors are used to measure the importance of a journal by calculating the number of times selected articles are cited within the last few years. The higher the impact factor, the more highly ranked the journal. It is one tool you can use to compare journals in a subject category.

What is a Tier 1 journal?

Tier 1. High category (3.5-4) Peer-reviewed publications in one of the following: • Journal with Impact factor that falls in the top 25 percentile ranking based on the impact. factor within the subject, discipline, or sub-disciplinary category (refer to APPENDIX.

How many citations is good for a paper?

For all researchers, 5-10 citations of their papers will be great! Publishing in good journals help the citations of our articles.

Is Applied Physics Letters A Q1 journal?

Applied Physics Letters is a journal covering the technologies/fields/categories related to Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) (Q1). It is published by American Institute of Physics. The overall rank of Applied Physics Letters is 3943. According to SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), this journal is ranked 1.025.

Is APL good journal?

It is published by American Institute of Physics. The overall rank of APL Materials is 2035. According to SCImago Journal Rank (SJR), this journal is ranked 1.527. SCImago Journal Rank is an indicator, which measures the scientific influence of journals.

Are Applied Physics Letters Open Access?

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Cover Image: Phys. Rev. Lett. Vol. 108, Iss. 15

Combined measurements of the W boson mass from the CDF and D0 collaborations at Fermilab yield a smaller ellipse (green) in top- W mass space than the one from previous data (orange). The white stripe is the band allowed for the Higgs boson mass by data from direct searches. Both Letters selected for an Editors' Suggestion and a Synopsis in Physics . [V. M. Abazov et al. (D0 Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 , 151804 (2012)]

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Precise Measurement of the W -Boson Mass with the CDF II Detector T. Aaltonen et al. (CDF Collaboration) Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 , 151803 (2012)

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Physical Review Letters (PRL) is the worlds premier physics letter journal and the American Physical Societys flagship publication. Since 1958 it has contributed to APSs mission to advance and diffuse the knowledge of physics by publishing seminal research by Nobel Prizewinning and other distinguished researchers in all fields of physics. Read Less

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Resume Worded   |  Career Strategy

14 physical therapist cover letters.

Approved by real hiring managers, these Physical Therapist cover letters have been proven to get people hired in 2024. A hiring manager explains why.

Table of contents

• Physical Therapist
• Senior Physical Therapist
• Pediatric Physical Therapist
• Geriatric Physical Therapist
• Outpatient Physical Therapist
• Alternative introductions for your cover letter
• Physical Therapist resume examples

Physical Therapist Cover Letter Example

Why this cover letter works in 2024, connection to the company.

Starting the cover letter with a personal experience related to the company makes it stand out and shows a genuine interest in working for them. It also creates an emotional connection with the reader, making your application more memorable.

Highlighting Specific Accomplishments

Sharing specific accomplishments related to the job, like helping patients recover from injuries or improve their quality of life, demonstrates your expertise and directly links your skills to the needs of the company. It also showcases your ability to achieve positive results for your patients.

Connect Personal Experiences to Professional Motivation

Sharing a personal story that fuels your professional aspiration can be powerful. It gives your interest in the job a deeper meaning beyond just being a paycheck. For a position like a physical therapist, where empathy and care are crucial, showing how you've been personally touched by the role can make you more relatable and memorable.

Show Achievements That Mirror Job Requirements

Specific accomplishments that align closely with the job’s key responsibilities are golden. If you've helped patients achieve their therapy goals ahead of schedule, for example, highlight this. It not only demonstrates your capability but also that you understand what matters in this role - helping patients recover quickly.

Highlight Alignment with Company Culture

Expressing excitement about aspects of the job that tie into the company's culture shows you're a good fit. If you thrive in multidisciplinary teams, and that's how the clinic operates, it signals you'll fit right into their work environment.

Align Personal and Professional Values

When you link your personal and professional ethos with the company's mission, it showcases a deep connection. It's beyond just wanting a job; it shows you share the same vision as the company, and you'll be motivated and committed to contributing towards their goals.

Showcase Technological Integration

Emphasizing how you have integrated technology into your treatments proves you are a forward-thinker, up-to-date with modern practices. This shows you're adaptable and ready to utilize the latest tools in the field, which can significantly improve service delivery in physical therapy.

Enthusiasm for Innovation

Expressing your excitement about a company's innovative practices helps to show that you're not just about maintaining the status quo. You're eager to be on the cutting edge of your field, which is a valuable trait in the rapidly evolving world of physical therapy.

Demonstrate Alignment with the Team's Goals

When you show that your professional background aligns with the team's goals, you make it easier for the hiring team to see you as a good fit. You're not just a good candidate on paper; you're someone who can seamlessly integrate into the existing team and help drive their objectives forward.

Highlight Future Growth

Pointing out your desire to grow and push boundaries within the company shows that you're not just looking for a job; you're seeking a place where you can continue to develop professionally. This signals to the employer that you're likely to stay and grow with the company, which can be a big plus.

Show your enthusiasm for physical therapy

Starting your letter with excitement shows you're not just looking for any job, but that you're passionate about this specific role in physical therapy.

Highlight diverse patient experience

Mentioning your work with a variety of patients suggests you're well-prepared to meet the unique challenges and needs of Athletico's clientele.

Express interest in company innovations

Discussing the company's use of advanced technology indicates you've done your homework and are eager to contribute to their cutting-edge practices.

Offer to contribute to team success

Closing by focusing on how you can help the team and its patients emphasizes your team-oriented mindset and dedication to patient care.

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Connect your personal story to your professional passion

Starting with a personal anecdote about how you became interested in physical therapy makes your cover letter memorable and establishes a strong foundation for your career motivation.

Demonstrate versatility in physical therapy

Mentioning your experience with a broad spectrum of patients showcases your adaptability and readiness to meet various challenges, an attractive trait for potential employers.

Share success stories in rehabilitation

Illustrating how you helped a patient surpass their recovery goals serves as powerful evidence of your skill in creating effective treatment plans and inspiring confidence in your patients.

Align your values with the employer's

Expressing your appreciation for the employer's approach to care shows you're not just looking for any job but are seeking a place where your professional values and methods align.

Express your eagerness to contribute to the team

Concluding with a statement about your desire to bring your skills to the team underscores your readiness to make a positive impact and your enthusiasm for the role.

Show personal motivation in physical therapy

Telling a story about how a personal experience led you to choose your career can make your cover letter memorable. It shows you're not just looking for any job, but you're passionate about this specific field.

Highlight patient success stories

Mentioning a specific case where you made a difference in someone's life illustrates your impact as a therapist. It tells me you're capable of delivering real results and deeply care about your patients' recovery.

Customize treatment to individual needs

When you talk about tailoring treatments, it highlights your ability to think critically and adapt. This is crucial in a field as dynamic as physical therapy, where each patient's needs are unique.

Express eagerness for innovation and learning

Showing that you're drawn to a company's commitment to innovative therapies and professional development signals that you’re a lifelong learner. This is highly valued in healthcare fields, where staying updated with the latest techniques is essential.

Convey genuine enthusiasm to join the team

A simple thank you and expressing excitement about the possibility of contributing to a team shows humility and eagerness. It makes you come across as someone who values teamwork and is ready to learn from others.

Senior Physical Therapist Cover Letter Example

Personal connections enhance credibility.

Personal experiences with an organization add depth and credibility to your interest. If you've seen first-hand the impact of their work, mention it. It shows your admiration for them isn't based on hearsay, but a genuine appreciation of their service quality.

Leadership Skills Demonstrated Through Results

Leadership is about results. If you've led a team to improved patient satisfaction and quicker recovery times, say it. It shows you can manage effectively and drive positive outcomes, which is what any employer would want in a senior role.

Express Eagerness for Personal Growth

Show that you're not only bringing your expertise but also keen to learn and grow. It shows you're not a know-it-all, but someone who values continuous learning, a trait many employers appreciate.

End with an Invitation to Discuss Further

Ending your cover letter by expressing your eagerness to further discuss your qualifications shows initiative and confidence. It subtly shifts the ball to their court, making them more likely to take the next step.

Speak to the Company's Reputation

Explicitly acknowledging the company's reputation in your field shows that you've done your homework and understand what the company stands for. It helps to show that you're specifically interested in them, not just any company offering a similar role.

Highlight Proprietary Knowledge

Showing that you have developed or contributed to the development of proprietary tools or methods illustrates your expertise and innovative approach. It tells the employer that you're not just a passive participant in your field – you're actively seeking ways to improve it.

Express Excitement about Company Values

When you express your excitement about a company's commitment to specific values, like patient-centered care and technology, you show alignment with their core principles. This suggests that you won't just fit in with their culture, but actively contribute to it.

Show Commitment to the Field

Expressing a deep investment in the advancement of your field indicates a dedication that goes beyond just doing a job. It shows you have a passion for what you do and that you're likely to put in the extra effort required to excel and drive progress in your field.

Offer to Discuss Vision

Expressing a desire to discuss how your experience and vision can contribute to the company's success shows forward-thinking. It indicates that you're not only bringing past achievements to the table but also forward-thinking ideas for the company's future.

Pediatric Physical Therapist Cover Letter Example

Express passion for pediatric care.

Highlighting your enthusiasm for working with children sets the stage for demonstrating your commitment to pediatric physical therapy.

Showcase innovative solutions

Sharing a specific success story, especially one involving creative problem-solving, shows you're not only skilled but also innovative and proactive in patient care.

Emphasize the importance of teamwork

Stressing your belief in collaboration points to your ability to work well within multidisciplinary teams, a crucial skill in healthcare settings.

Express eagerness to join the team

Closing with an expression of excitement about the opportunity reflects your genuine interest in the position and your readiness to contribute to the organization's mission.

Show your passion for pediatric health early

Mentioning your personal connection and enthusiasm for pediatric health right at the beginning makes me interested in reading more about you.

Detail your pediatric patient experience

Describing your hands-on experience with children of varying ages shows you're not only knowledgeable but also adaptable to different patient needs.

Illustrate patient success stories

Telling a story about helping a child take his first steps is powerful. It shows you can make a real difference in patients' lives.

Highlight alignment with the hospital’s values

When you talk about what attracts you to the hospital, it tells me you’ve done your homework and are likely a good fit.

Express gratitude and eagerness to contribute

Ending with a thank you and an expression of hope to discuss your contribution further demonstrates your professionalism and politeness.

Connect personal interests to pediatric therapy

Linking your personal passion for movement with your professional interest in pediatric physical therapy creates a compelling narrative. It suggests a deep-rooted motivation for your career choice, making your application stand out.

Showcase successful therapeutic strategies

Describing how you incorporated play therapy to improve a child's condition demonstrates innovation and a child-centric approach. This approach is critical in pediatric therapy, where engagement and creativity can significantly impact treatment outcomes.

Value multidisciplinary team collaboration

Highlighting your belief in a multidisciplinary approach and your initiative in enhancing team coordination speaks volumes about your teamwork skills. It shows you understand the importance of collective expertise in pediatric care.

Express honor in joining the organization

Stating that it would be an honor to join the organization reflects your respect for their work and eagerness to contribute to their mission. This level of appreciation and humility can make a positive impression on the hiring manager.

Communicate a strong desire to make a difference

Ending with expressing how you can benefit the patients and organization shows a forward-thinking attitude. It indicates that you're not just looking for a job, but a chance to make a meaningful impact in the field of pediatric therapy.

Geriatric Physical Therapist Cover Letter Example

Show your enthusiasm for the geriatric physical therapist role.

Expressing excitement about the job right at the start makes it clear you're not just looking for any job, but you're passionate about working with older adults in particular.

Highlight meaningful patient interactions

Describing a specific case where you made a real difference in a patient's life proves your ability to impact your clients positively. It shows you're not just technically skilled but also deeply care about your patients' overall well-being.

Research the employer's values

When you mention an organization's mission or values and how they resonate with you, it demonstrates that you've done your homework and are genuinely interested in what makes them unique.

Emphasize teamwork in geriatric care

Stating your eagerness to learn and contribute to the team highlights your understanding of the collaborative nature of physical therapy, an essential quality in healthcare settings.

Close with a strong, polite call to action

Ending your cover letter by thanking the employer for considering your application and expressing your hope to join their team strikes the perfect balance between being assertive and respectful.

Share personal motivations for working with older adults

Your story about your grandmother makes your passion for geriatric care feel genuine and deep-rooted.

Showcase your expertise in geriatric conditions

By highlighting your experience with age-related conditions, you're telling me you have the necessary skills to address the complex needs of older adults.

Share impactful patient interactions

Describing the positive outcomes of your treatment plans for seniors not only demonstrates your competence but also your empathy and commitment to their well-being.

Emphasize your interpersonal skills

Mentioning your strong communication skills and ability to build rapport reassures me that you can create meaningful connections with patients and their families.

Convey your dedication to the role

Your closing statement reinforces your enthusiasm and compassion for the job, making me believe you would be a valuable asset to the team.

Outpatient Physical Therapist Cover Letter Example

Connect personally to the role of a physical therapist.

When you share a personal story, like how a family member's experience inspired you, it shows your deep understanding and passion for this field. It makes me, as a hiring manager, see you not just as a candidate, but as a person who truly cares.

Talking about your experience with different conditions proves that you're adaptable and knowledgeable. It's important to show you can handle the variety of cases an outpatient physical therapist might see.

Showcase your treatment planning skills

Detailing a specific success story where your plan led to a faster-than-expected recovery demonstrates your practical skills and ability to achieve real results. It's a compelling way to prove your expertise.

Emphasize technology in patient care

By mentioning your role in implementing a new system, you highlight your forward-thinking approach and your commitment to improving patient care through technology. This is especially appealing to modern clinics that value innovation.

Express your enthusiasm to contribute

Closing with a note of gratitude and eagerness to be a part of the team shows your positive attitude and genuine interest in the position. It leaves a lasting, positive impression on potential employers.

Alternative Introductions

If you're struggling to start your cover letter, here are 6 different variations that have worked for others, along with why they worked. Use them as inspiration for your introductory paragraph.

Cover Letters For Jobs Similar To Physical Therapist Roles

• Behavioral Therapist Cover Letter Guide
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• Speech Therapist Cover Letter Guide
• Therapist Cover Letter Guide

Other Medical Cover Letters

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• Respiratory Therapist Cover Letter Guide

Thank you for the checklist! I realized I was making so many mistakes on my resume that I've now fixed. I'm much more confident in my resume now.

Author: Justin Nabity

Last updated: October 27, 2023

Everything That Physicians Need to Know About Cover Letters 

Table of contents.

• 1. How Long Should a Physician Cover Letter Be?
• 2. What Your Physician Cover Letter Should Include
• 3. What Your Cover Letter Should NOT Include
• 4. Physician Cover Letter Examples

Every professional knows that a cover letter goes hand-in-hand with a CV .

But, while cover letters tend to be standard across most industries, physician cover letters are a bit different.

If you’ve spent time perfecting your CV so you can apply for a new position, now it’s time to get to work on that cover letter.

From the content to the formatting, here’s everything that physicians need to know about cover letters.

How Long Should a Physician Cover Letter Be?

In general, a cover letter should be between three and five short paragraphs. Three paragraphs is the standard. However, you can add a fourth or fifth paragraph if there are specific things you want to include that relate to the position.

Ideally, your cover letter should be less than one page . Unlike a CV, it is not okay to stretch your cover letter to two pages.

Remember, the purpose of a cover letter is to shed a bit more insight into who you are and why you’re the ideal candidate for the position. It is not to describe yourself in detail, recap, or talk about anything that is already written in your CV.

What Should a Physician Cover Letter Include?

There are seven key things to keep in mind when formatting and writing your cover letter. Here are the main points to consider when crafting yours:

1. Include Your Personal Information

Your cover letter should contain all of your personal data, including:

• The abbreviation of your medical degree
• Current title
• Mailing address
• Phone number
• Email address

Make sure this information matches the information listed at the top of your resume exactly .

2. Address Your Letter to the Proper Person

Writing “To Whom It May Concern” just won’t cut it. Every cover letter should be addressed directly to the person who will be reading it.

Take the time to research the name of the hiring manager who will be looking at candidates (this is usually the department chair).

If you can’t find the person’s name through online research, take a moment to call the employer and ask who it is. A little thing like this goes a long way in showing that you pay attention to detail.

3. Create a Strong Opening Paragraph

The purpose of a cover letter is to grab the attention of the employer and make yourself stand out from all of the other physicians applying for the same position. Your first paragraph will set the tone for the entire letter. Therefore, it needs to make the reader want to continue reading.

In the opening paragraph, be sure to mention the specific position you’re applying for . If there is a job code or reference number associated with the job listing, include it. If not, simply state the job title as posted in the job description.

You should also mention if the job you’re applying for is full-time, part-time, or a temporary locum tenens position.

In summary, the opening paragraph should clearly state your goals and show that you have a genuine interest in the position .

4. Discuss the Geographic Location of the Position

The one thing that makes physician cover letters so different from other industries is that it’s important to connect to the geographical location.

Employers want to hire physicians that want to work in their specific town, city, or state. And that’s because they want physicians to stay for the duration of the contract term and beyond.

If you’re applying for a position in the Midwest, the employer wants to know that Midwestern life is what you’re looking for. They want physicians who are excited about their location and the community they serve.

It’s also important to do your research and learn a bit about the patients the employer serves .

Let the employer know that you love the hardworking people of Tennessee, the family-oriented communities in Kentucky, or the grit and wit of New Yorkers. The more the employer thinks you are excited to work for them (and serve their community), the better your chances are of getting an interview.

5. Mention Personal Connections if You Have Them

If you have a personal connection to the town where the position is located, mention it. Maybe it’s the town you grew up in. Maybe you went to school in a nearby city. Or maybe it’s a city you visited once and fell in love with. Whatever the reason may be, it’s important to show that you have a connection to the geographic area.

6. Briefly Mention Some of Your Skills

You do not need to recap all of your practical skills — those should already be included in your CV. But you should use your cover letter as a way to draw attention to specific aspects of the position, especially ones that you are exceptionally qualified to do.

Give a brief example of some of the ways you excelled in your current role or in a previous position. Be specific and include details of things you’ve done in the past that will be relevant to the new job you’re applying for.

You may be able to glean this information from the job posting, or you may need to do a bit more research. The more you know about the position, the more you can tailor your cover letter to include specific examples of some of your achievements. Ultimately, your cover letter should demonstrate that you will be effective if hired for this role.

7. Include a Thank You

Every cover letter should conclude with a thank you and a slight push toward next steps. Thank them for taking the time to read your cover letter and review your CV then include a polite request for an interview . Make it clear that you want the opportunity to discuss your experience and qualifications in greater detail.

Related: How to Work With a Physician Recruiter

What Your Cover Letter Should NOT Include

Your cover letter should not be a recap of everything in your CV. Let your CV speak for itself and use your cover letter as a way to show some insight into who you are, without rehashing too many details about your education and experience.

Make sure your cover letter does not include any negative language or pessimistic outlooks on the job at hand or the industry in general. This is not the time to write a manifesto on all that you wish you could change about the healthcare industry.

If your cover letter or CV includes typos or grammatical errors, you probably won’t even be offered an interview. Make sure that your cover letter is error-free. Proofread it several times before submitting it or have a colleague or a professional writer look it over for you before sending it off.

Do not mention anything that might limit your opportunities. While you should be clear if you are interested in a full-time or a part-time position, now is not the time to say that you only want to work two days a week or that you do not want to have to be on-call .

Save those specifics for the interview or for the contract negotiation process (if your demands are reasonable). The point of your cover letter is to get an interview, not to eliminate yourself from the candidate pool before you have a chance to show them who you are and what you can offer.

Important: Create a Unique Cover Letter for Every Position

Every position you apply for deserves its own cover letter. Create a standard template that includes the formatting and your contact information, but tailor every cover letter specifically to the individual job.

Because every job is slightly different.

Though the duties may be the same, where you’ll be working and the sort of patients you’ll be seeing can vary. By creating different cover letters for each job, you can change your language and phrasing in a way that works with that specific employer.

Don’t send the same cover letter with every job application. Employers will see this, and it will reflect negatively on you.

Physician Cover Letter Examples

Ready to write your cover letter?

Here is an example that you can use as a guide to creating your own.

Dear Dr. Smith:

Introduction

I am writing in response to the Radiology Oncology position posted on the American Society of Radiation Oncology Career Center, Job ID 1817, located in Sandusky, Ohio. I am currently serving as Chief Resident (PGY5) in the radiation oncology residency at Baylor College of Medicine, under the chairmanship of John Smith, MD. Moreover, I am excited about the potential opportunity to join your team at the conclusion of my residency in July. As highlighted in the enclosed application materials, including CV and letters of recommendation, I am recognized not only for my professionalism with colleagues, but most importantly, for my dedication to patients and the restoration of their good health.

Medical Background

As you will see, I chose to attend medical school outside of the United States to foster cultural growth and satisfy my appetite for travel. While abroad, I had the opportunity to participate in multiple clinical and professional development opportunities that differentiate me from other applicants. Given your international clientele and the cultural and linguistic diversity of the Rockford community, my international and multicultural experience will enhance the contributions I would bring to your practice.

Current Experience

Now in my final year of training, I have met the ACGME clinical requirements as we have very strong clinical experience with exposure to all types of cancers. We have most notably achieved great success with HDR brachytherapy for gynecologic cancers, and I have over 175 cases to date. As chief resident, I am an active member of ASTRO, TRS, and RSNA with both oral and poster presentations at several national meetings.

As you consider candidates for your radiation oncology position, I encourage you to consider my multicultural experiences overseas. Along with the exceptional training of the Baylor program. I would truly appreciate the opportunity to meet you in person to learn more about your position. Please contact me to discuss my qualifications and your position in greater detail.

Sincerely, First and Last Name, MD [Chief Resident] Optional, if applicable PGY[X]Name of Residency Program Department of [Specialty] Cell: (555) 555-5555 email: [email protected]

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Physical Review Letters

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Experimental Limits on Solar Reflected Dark Matter with a New Approach on Accelerated-Dark-Matter–Electron Analysis in Semiconductors

Z. y. zhang et al. (cdex collaboration), phys. rev. lett. 132 , 171001 – published 22 april 2024.

• No Citing Articles
• Introduction.—
• Velocity components analysis method.—
• Detector response to SRDM.—
• SRDM–electron analysis.—
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Recently a dark matter–electron (DM–electron) paradigm has drawn much attention. Models beyond the standard halo model describing DM accelerated by high energy celestial bodies are under intense examination as well. In this Letter, a velocity components analysis (VCA) method dedicated to swift analysis of accelerated DM–electron interactions via semiconductor detectors is proposed and the first HPGe detector-based accelerated DM–electron analysis is realized. Utilizing the method, the first germanium based constraint on sub-GeV solar reflected DM–electron interaction is presented with the 205.4     kg · day dataset from the CDEX-10 experiment. In the heavy mediator scenario, our result excels in the mass range of 5 – 15     keV / c 2 , achieving a 3 orders of magnitude improvement comparing with previous semiconductor experiments. In the light mediator scenario, the strongest laboratory constraint for DM lighter than 0.1     MeV / c 2 is presented. The result proves the feasibility and demonstrates the vast potential of the VCA technique in future accelerated DM–electron analyses with semiconductor detectors.

• Received 17 October 2023
• Revised 22 January 2024
• Accepted 19 March 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.132.171001

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Funded by SCOAP 3 .

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Vol. 132, Iss. 17 — 26 April 2024

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Velocity components of isotropic DM velocity distribution. v DM is DM particle’s velocity. v E is the Earth’s velocity relative to the DM model, and for SHM it’s Earth’s velocity with respect to the Galactic rest frame. v lab is the velocity seen by the lab. v max is the maximum velocity of the model. v DM = v lab + v E .

Reconstructed spectrum of the c → f process for 10     GeV / c 2 DM from SHM in the heavy mediator scenario. The shaded area corresponds to the original result calculated by the exceed - dm package [ 56 ]. The blue and red lines are reconstructed results using the inverse square and uniform distribution. Solid lines from darker to dimmer represent the contributions of 11 velocity bins with bin width of 50     km / s from 0 – 550     km / s calculated by the modified exceed - dm package. The analysis threshold of CDEX-10 is represented by a black dashed line.

(a) SRDM flux distributions with different m χ and σ ¯ e . SRDM flux in the light mediator scenario from Ref. [ 34 ] is depicted in dashed lines. Other lines correspond to the heavy mediator scenario, and results from Refs. [ 34 ] and [ 35 ] are consistent. The strips represent the binning of the velocity distributions. (b) Reconstructed HPGe detector response in the heavy mediator scenario to SRDM based on the distributions calculated by d a m a scus - sun [ 60 ]. The detector’s resolution is determined by 35.8 + 16.6 × E     ( eVee ) [ 15 ], where E is in keVee. Experimental data from CDEX-10 [ 15 ] after efficiency correction with known radioactive peaks removed and zoomed details in 0.16–2.16 keVee are also depicted. The bin width is 100 eVee.

χ − e constraints from the CDEX-10 experiment in the (a) heavy mediator and (b) light mediator scenario. The red solid and dashed lines correspond to the CDEX-10 results derived with the SRDM flux from Refs. [ 34 ] and [ 35 ], respectively. SRDM constraints from XENON1TS2 and XENON 1 TS 1 + S 2 presented by H. P. An et al. [ 34 ] (dotted lines), and those from CDMSHVeV, SENSEI, XENON10, and XENON1T presented by T. Emken et al. [ 35 ] (dash-dotted lines), are also depicted. The gray shaded regions correspond to the current SHM constraints from direct search experiments [ 23, 24, 25, 26, 27 ]. The brown shaded regions to the left are stellar cooling constraints from red giant (RG) stars for a dark photon-mediated model with α D = 0.5 and m V = 3 m χ , where m V is the dark photon mass and α D = e D 2 / 4 π , where e D is the gauge coupling in the dark sector [ 66 ].

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