essay on youth dormitory

Vernacular architecture of Assam

by Nabajit Deka | 2018 | 96,996 words

This study deals with the architecture of Assam (Northeastern India, Easter Himalayas), with special reference to Brahmaputra Valley. The Vernacular Architecture of Assam enjoys a variety of richness in tradition, made possible by the numerous communities and traditional cultures....

Youth Dormitory (Deka-chang)

The youth dormitory ( Deka-chang ) is an important and interesting feature of the tribal life, which is the common sleeping place for the young and unmarried members the society. There was prevalence of separate dormitory for the both sexes in many of the tribal societies. However, presently no tribal community of the Brahmaputra valley possess the girl’s dormitory. Though the institution is for the unmarried members of the society, the married and elderly members remain actively associated with the institution through their frequent visits and different activities. The dormitory life begins early in the childhood and extends until the marriage of a member. The institution is of great social and cultural importance in the communities as a knowledge imparting institution that gradually trains and prepares the members for their future life.

The Deka- chang is a characteristic architecture as well as institution prevalent in many of the tribal societies of Assam. Through the institution, the young generation of the society gradually learns and acquires social, cultural, technical, physical, and psychological training deemed necessary as a member of the society. Traditionally, the institution was an integral element of the social structure and society administration. The youths not simply stay here from their adolescence until the starting of their family life but this institution plays role of a training cum capacity building workshop. It is the place where the young generation receives training of the traditional social folk customs, songs, singing and music, performing arts, art and crafts, learns the social behaviour, acquires different skills and techniques relating to different fields. It is also the training place to learn and establish himself as an apt and ideal member of the society, acquiring the necessary skills and training in every relevant field. Similarly, the youth dormitory also plays significant role in the village administration and protection from different threats. The youths of the dormitory collectively plays the role of the protection force to defend threats ranging from the wild animal to the external enemy and rivalry. Hence, it is in a sense the garrison with fighters, every moment alert and ready to cope up threats.

Concept of Culture and Institution:

Culture is the aesthetic and intellectual achievements of a society, which presents as well as conveys the identity of the society. Malinowski defines culture as “an instrumental apparatus by which man is put in a position the better to cope with the concrete specific problems that face him in his environment in the course of the satisfaction of his need” (Malinowski:1961:150). The shift from nomadic life to permanent settlement was the crucial step behind the gradual development of the culture among a group of people. Thus, the settled life and culture is the outcome of the organization which “implies a very definite scheme or structure, the main factors of are universal in that they are applicable to all organized groups, which again in their typical form, are universal throughout mankind” (Malinowski:1961:39).

Malinowski proposes the term “institution” for such human organization and elaborates it as:

This concept implies an agreement on a set of traditional values for which human being come together. It also implies that these human beings stand in definite relation to one another and to a specific physical part of the environment, natural and artificial. Under the charter of their purpose or traditional mandate, obeying the specific norms of their association, working through the material apparatus which they manipulate, human being act together and thus satisfy some of their desires, while also producing an impression on their environment. ( ibid )

Every culture traditionally develops various institutions to cater their necessities and demands. Bose said, “Men do not live alone; and in order to meet their needs of food and shelter, companionship and love, recreation and play, they form into associations, build institutions through which such needs are satisfied” (Bose:1971:50). The youth dormitory is such an organization or institution that turns to be a very important and functional in the tribal society and culture, though the institution gradually lost its previous glory and relevance. Apart from performing the active or destined functions, the institution plays a pivotal role for the continuation of the culture of the group.

The Origin and Distribution of Bachelor Dormitory:

There is ample scope to assume that the bachelor dormitory is an ancient cultural legacy of the tribal culture. Dongre’s remark, “The dormitory institution in Assam, Indo-China and Indonesia belongs to a complex of closely related cultures of Neolithic type which spread both cast and west” (Dongre:22) is corroborative to this assumption. The concept as well as development of the institution might have origin in the practical-necessity led system of the community living. Such system of community living was in prevalence in Assam at least till the beginning of the last century as mentioned by Waddell.

The institution of bachelor dormitory is also prevalent among different tribal communities of India apart from Assam and NE India. Thus, Bose said:

The tribal folk of Chotanagpur, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh and Assam share a certain institution, unrelated to the family, but which has a great bearing upon the sexual life of tribes like the Oraon, Juang, Maria Gond , Naga and the like. These tribes have an organization of the youth of the village where they club together, and have certain rights and duties in relation to the rest of the community. (Bose:1971:53)

Ruivah holds the existence of dormitory system is a worldwide phenomenon and quoting S.E. Peal{GL_NOTE::} said,

“from Bhutan to Newzeland and from the Marquesas to the Niger, the system existed” (Ruivah:1984:170).

Nonetheless, it can safely said to be a common cultural feature of entire South East Asia, substantiated by Dongre. He said:

Community-houses of similar type flourish in Sumatra, Sulawasi, the Philippines and New Guinea, and occurrences of this cultural element in widely separated areas-areas which share, however, a common cultural background-are consistent with the current theories of the ethnological structure of South East Asia and Oceania. (Dongre:4)

Functions of Deka-chang :

The Deka-chang used to play important roles and was very functional in the tribal societies. The Deka-changs were not merely some architecture to accommodate the youth of the society, but it was a centre of different functional activities contributing immensely to the life and the culture of the society. It at one hand ensures the smooth functioning of the society through its imposing role, while on the other hand, ensures the continuity of the traditional culture by handing down the traditional culture to the young generation as well as to the posterity of the society.

Despite certain individualities of the Deka- changs of different communities, it shares certain common characters as well as functions.

Dongre’s some remarks are very noteworthy in this connection. He said:

Despite considerable local differences all these institutions have certain elements in common, and their present distribution in India and South East Asia can best be explained by the hypothesis that it was a Neolithic agricultural civilization of South East Asiatic type which favoured development of community houses in the one or other form, and that the spread of this civilization was instrumental in carrying the dormitory institution into widely separated areas on the Asiatic mainland as well as in Indonesia. (Dongre:17)

The functions of dormitory are well described in some remarks of Bose:

The youths’ dormitory serves several purposes in the village. The hut in which it is housed may serve to accommodate guests, while the old and the young frequently meet there for gossip and recreation. Riddles are often exchanged, while the ancient lore of the tribe may also be passed on from one generation to another in the evening. The dormitory thus serves as an informal kind of school. (Bose:1971:53)

Thus, the common functions of the institution can be identified as follows:

• Village Defence,
• Centre of Education,
• Workshop of Traditional Art and Crafts,
• A Lodging place for an Outsider or Guest,
• Centre of learning the Traditional Skills such as Hunting,
• Centre for acquiring Understanding, Behaviour, and Manners.
• Centre of Assistance, Help and Co-operation for the needed one,
• A Community Meeting Place, Court of Justice, discussion and arriving at Consensus.

Thus, it is noticed that the youth dormitory is or was a vital part of the tribal societies. This informal education imparting institutions not only provided education of different types, but also simultaneously played some other major role to prepare the young generation of the society.

Functions of Deka-chang : Defending the Threats:

Though the Deka-chang is primarily a sleeping place for the youths of a community, it does not imply that its primary function is to inculcate sex discipline upon them. The tribal societies had some practical functional necessities behind the development of the institution. The protection and security of the village and the community comes out to be the prime reason behind its development. It was the means to keep the young and capable youths unified and ever prepared for any external threats. Thus, the necessity to protect the village people and animals from the threats of wild animals and attack of the rival enemies was perhaps the prime reason behind the development of the institute.

Thus, the youth dormitory of Dimasa Kachari, namely Nodrung too, had similar primary function of village defence as mentioned by Duarah (1998) and corroborated by Bordoloi (1984). However, it is interesting to note that, while the Dimasa, of the North Cachar Hills have the bachelor dormitory of Nodrung , the Barmans, who are a branch of the same tribe, living in the Cachar of Barak valley, do not possess the institution.

Thus, the reason of the absence of the Nodrung among the Barmans as mentioned by Bordoloi and Sharma Thakur is noteworthy. They stated:

The need for bachelors” dormitory in the plains might not have been felt, since the sudden attack from neighbouring tribal communities and from wild animals as well which was rather a common feature in the hill areas was absent in the plains of Cachar. Such a defence as well as protective strategy was not felt necessary. (Bordoloi & Thakur:1988:14)

Thus, the non-appearance of the necessity of the village defence and subsequent abolishment of the Deka-chang hints to its primary function of the defence.

A common feature especially of the tribal societies is the community-based approach based on a deep co-operative relationship among them. It is due to the habit of organizing their habitations mostly in small habitat away from the din and bustle of the cities and towns as observed by Khashim Ruivah.

What Ruivah said in connection with the Tangkhul dormitory Long-shim is noteworthy:

It is, therefore, worthwhile to study and examine their village organizations and its pivotal structure, which influences their life-ways. This organization had its halcyon days in the context of an isolated near-sufficient tribal economy which generated and sustained it as a life-giving cultural force so that speedy current of modern civilization should not wash away the ancient social institution … (Ruivah:1984:170)

Functions of Deka-chang : As a Training Centre:

Though the institution was crucial for the village defence and was functional from this perspective, it simultaneously served as an informal training centre, where the youths of the communities were trained and prepared for the various activities of social and cultural life of the community.

The dormitory life apparently provided the opportunity to the younger members to practically imitate the elders as well as learn many aspects of the socio-cultural life from them. Since the dormitory is the place of rest, there had ample leisure time to spend together. In addition, in those days when they had no exposure to modern mechanical means of recreation, definitely, the items of traditional folklore genre like jokes, riddle, tongue twister, proverb, folksong, folkdance, music, and so were the sole means of recreation available before them. In such a situation, the institution virtually turns into a training centre for the members. The aural and practical training helped not only to train the young generation and posterity to remember the texts of the items, but also helped to acquire the textural aspects of the items performed. Thus, it ensured the continuity of the nuances of culture through generations in a precise form.

The dormitory simultaneously is the common meeting place, where the elderly people used to assemble often to discuss various issues of the society. Thus, the common issues of the society, obviously relating to the regulations and functioning of the society, were discussed there to come to consensus. Thus, the institution plays the role of village assembly house in certain occasions. This definitely provided the opportunity before the next generation to get acquainted with the political and judiciary system of the society. Thus, the Deka-chang s of the tribal societies were a complete organization to train and prepare the posterity in different affairs of the society. Simultaneously, it is the Deka-chang , where “the younger ones learn the art of making bamboo and cane articles and the art of hunting and fighting as well” (Bordoloi:1984). Moreover, the members of the institution provide labour and assistance in different activities, including agricultural activities or construction of a house, if asked for or voluntarily to a needy one.

Thus, some remarks of Bahadur in connection with the Karbi Deka-chang , well expresses such functions:

The Mikirs have few amusements and games, but the villages used to have deka clubs which apart from assisting in agricultural operations, had evening of cultural shows and activities in which dancing and singing and various ceremonies take place…They would eat together and combine in carrying out ordinary tasks like fetching midday meals for its members from their houses. (Bahadur:1977)

Article published on 11 March, 2022

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The Mao Naga Youth Dormitories A Traditional Educational System

Published 18-07-2018

• Youth dormitory, Youth formation, Pre-literate traditional system of education

The traditional “youth dormitories” popularly called “Morung” among the Naga ethnic tribes of North-East India, has aroused the interest of not only the anthropologists but also the educators with greater intensity today. The article examines the traditional system of education imparted through the common dormitory system among the Mao Naga tribe known as Khruchozü (Bachelors’ dormitory) and Lochozü (Virgins’ dormitory). Amazingly this institution imparts an integral formation to the youth through simple but potential dynamics of a tribal community. It slowly gave way to new structures with the advent of the Christian missionaries and the introduction of the modern educational system. A re-discovery of the traditional cultural values has become a contemporary need in search of dynamics for youth formation now and in the years to come.

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Morung (Youth Dormitory), Nagaland

Keywords: Morung (Youth Dormitory)

Publisher: Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya,Bhopal

Description: The Morung is a key institution of the Nagas, and also the center of the social life of all the unmarried male members of the society. It is the place for the young boys where they learn about social practices and beliefs from their elders. The Morung is generally built on the edge of a steep slope to the highest altitude of the settlement area. It enables the morung members to watch and protect their village from sudden raids and attacks of enemies. An elliptical form of a wide-open entrance place with a magnificent piece of single wood log gives a fancy look to the Morung. Expressions of their head hunting practices, fertility cult, a symbol of valour, tectum and sacrifices etc. could be noticed from the motifs elaborately carved on the poles and cross beams of the morung.

Source: Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya,Bhopal

Type: Exhibitions

Received From: Indira Gandhi Rashtriya Manav Sangrahalaya

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Tribal Youth & Dormitories.pdf

Tribal youth homes are significant in the era of globalization . this paper reflects an idea of current situation of dormitories and its impact on the society in India

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Essay on the origin and functions of dormitories in Indian tribes

Scholars do not agree about the origin of tribal dormitory. According to one view, they are residence of the ancient communal houses when the whole village used to live under one roof and there were no individual homes.

According to another view the purpose of the dormitory is to keep boys and girls unaware of the sexual relationships of their parents. According to Majumdar, the purpose of dormitory is to gather the youths of the village at one place to save the village from the attack of wild animals and the village maidens from the attack of males of other tribes. Besides it, the origin of the dormitory may be due to want of houses, the bliss of communal life and the development of tribal culture.

Whatever may be the origin of dormitory, it is undeniable that it is the centre of tribal culture in a tribe. In it are taught the lessons of the traditions, norms, ideals, religious beliefs, methods of earning livelihood and discipline to the boys and girls of the tribe. According to S.C. Roy, the tribal dormitory carries out the following three functions:

1. Helping in the gathering of edible things and consolidating economic organization.

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2. Educating boys and girls in social and other duties and imparting them education in the matters of sex.

3. Following the principle of endogamy and keeping the movement of women limited and controlled.

At present unfortunately the institution of youth dormitories is gradually weakening in tribes. The two important causes of this development are as follows:

1. Contact with the city. Due to contact with urban people the tribals are gradually forgetting their social ideals and institutions and following urban culture. As the education is now being provided by the schools, the children do not go to dormitory to receive education.

2. Influence of Christian missionaries. The spread of Christianity among tribals and the presence of Christian missionaries among them have adversely affected their youth cultural set up. The institution of youth organization is gradually weakening, which has led to social disorganization among the tribes.

In fact, as has been rightly pointed out by Elwin, the condition of the social organization of a tribal group can be rightly estimated from the condition of its youth dormitory, which is the centre of the maintenance and development of its culture.

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Racial Discrimination in Dormitory Essay

Introduction.

It is essential to emphasize that discrimination is a serious societal challenge that has been struggled with for centuries, and only new forms of it are emerging. Discrimination is considered to be behavior that restricts the rights and freedoms of the individual.

At the same time, discrimination can occur in various spheres of society (Brunsma et al. 5). The highest prevalence is found in family life, politics, and the workplace. There may be individual reasons and solutions for each type of discrimination. In addition, this phenomenon is often found among multicultural youth who are forced to live together (Brunsma et al. 7). Therefore, it is essential to investigate discrimination in dormitories and propose solutions to this problem, such as disseminating knowledge about other races and explaining common features of human beings.

The racial issue affects many social groups and has a long history. This is especially relevant for young people who previously had no contact with each other and who are now living together. For example, in a dormitory, students of different skin colors often live in the same room and often with different religious preferences. Racial tensions can lead to acute conflicts such as fights and insults (Brunsma et al. 8). Moreover, students may not only be prejudiced against their roommates but also insult them in front of other students and spread false information about them, motivated by racial differences. In this way, such behavior incites racial animosity and violence, affecting not only the conflict participants. Their ability to learn is reduced, and they may suffer psychological problems.

In addition, people from neighboring rooms and their classmates are also negatively affected, which is manifested in shouting from neighboring rooms or fights (Brunsma et al. 9). Hence, racial discrimination is a real problem often encountered in colleges.

Brunsma, David, David Embrick, and Jean Shin. “Graduate Students of Color: Race, Racism, and Mentoring in the White Waters of Academia.” Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, vol. 3, no. 1, 2017, pp. 1-13.

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Dormitory Life and Its Tough Sides for Students

Dormitory life is not necessarily the best setting for serious study. There are potential factors of noise, distraction, and personal discomfort that can make living on campus less conducive to academic achievement. While in some areas, off-campus life is going to be more expensive, it may be a worthwhile investment if it means that you are getting better grades and finishing on time. We will talk about some of the more obvious problems and some that may not be so straightforward as well.

This may sound odd, but dormitories are a lot less studious than they were in our parents’ day. The past several decades have witnessed the transformation of the dorm from a single-sex enclave with a house-mother or house-parents, lights-out and quiet time rules, and one phone in the hallway, to something quite different. We now take for granted co-ed housing, with sources of noise and disruption on every hand.

Consider the stereo equipment powerful enough to damage ear-drums, booming from many students’ rooms. Listen to the sound of cell phones in every pocket as well as, frequently, ringing landlines. There are no televisions in many rooms and computers or handheld devices that beep, ding, talk, play movies, and amplify video games with vivid and gruesome sound effects, or profoundly irritating voices such as in Angry Birds. The result? The dorm can be a fairly noisy spot during the hours when you want to study. The library or a lounge in another building may be your only refuge from such noise.

The word dormitory comes from the Latin word for sleep. A dormitory is supposed to be a place where sleep takes place. Not the easiest accomplishment, given all of the other distractions, to be tolerated. The lights are on in the hallways all night, which can disrupt melatonin production and lead to poor sleep patterns. There are comings and goings at all hours, especially when bars close and parties end, usually accompanied by alcohol-fueled excessive vocal volume and fumbling attempts to unlock doors and disengage from unwelcome embraces. Roommates may be talking on cell or land-lines at any hour of the night. There is always, it has often seemed, someone undergoing a personal crisis that requires peer counseling and support – in the hall, the lounge, or somewhere else in earshot.

Sleep is the one thing that no one can give back to you if they rob it from you. Sleep is what allows you to listen in class without doing a face plant on the desk or allowing your head to roll onto the shoulder of the attractive person next to you in the classroom. Sleep, in short, is not negotiable. And sleep often seems to be the last thing on anyone’s mind in a dormitory.

Even if there are no pieces of technology tintinnabulating at the moment, people create enough cacophony by themselves to banish sleep or study. Consider the games of catch, Frisbee, or hacky-sack in the hallways, the pursuit of practical jokes, and the cooking of food at all hours. The smell of microwaveable popcorn, to take just one example, ranks among the more penetrating odors of the modern world, and can persist for hours and even days in the ill-ventilated spaces of an internally situated dormitory kitchenette. An otherwise harmless empty can of tuna fish, improperly disposed of, can taint the air for a week.

So, think carefully before committing to living in the dormitory.

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Essay on Youth Development

Students are often asked to write an essay on Youth Development in their schools and colleges. And if you’re also looking for the same, we have created 100-word, 250-word, and 500-word essays on the topic.

Let’s take a look…

100 Words Essay on Youth Development

Understanding youth development.

Youth Development is a process where young people are encouraged to grow their skills, self-confidence, and independence. It’s about helping them become responsible adults.

The Importance of Youth Development

Youth Development is crucial as it prepares the young generation for future challenges. It promotes positive behaviors, making them responsible citizens.

Methods of Youth Development

Methods include education, sports, arts, and community service. These activities help youths learn important life skills.

The Role of Society

Society plays a key role in Youth Development. Parents, teachers, and community members should support and guide young people.

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250 Words Essay on Youth Development

Introduction.

Youth development is a critical aspect of societal evolution, encompassing the physical, mental, and emotional growth of young individuals. It is a process that lays the foundation for a prosperous and sustainable future, shaping the trajectory of an entire generation.

Role of Education

Education plays a pivotal role in youth development. It not only imparts knowledge but also fosters critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making skills. The integration of technology in education can further enhance learning experiences, preparing youth for a rapidly evolving digital world.

Social and Emotional Development

Social and emotional development is equally important. It helps young individuals understand and manage their emotions, develop empathy, establish and maintain positive relationships, and make responsible decisions. This multifaceted development is crucial in fostering resilience and adaptability.

Importance of Extracurricular Activities

Extracurricular activities offer opportunities for holistic development. Participating in sports, arts, and community service can help youth discover their passions, develop leadership skills, and understand the importance of teamwork and community engagement.

In conclusion, youth development is a multifaceted process that requires a balanced approach, focusing on education, social and emotional development, and extracurricular activities. It is the collective responsibility of families, educators, and communities to invest in youth development, shaping a generation capable of facing future challenges and driving societal progress.

500 Words Essay on Youth Development

Youth development is a critical aspect of societal progression, involving the nurturing of young individuals’ intellectual, physical, and emotional capacities. It is an ongoing process that helps young people gain the skills and competencies they need to grow into successful and contributing adults.

Youth development is a significant investment in the future. It is the process through which adolescents acquire the cognitive, social, and emotional skills and abilities required to navigate life. The importance of youth development cannot be overstated. It is crucial for the personal growth of the youth and the overall development of society.

Key Components of Youth Development

Youth development programs typically focus on a variety of components. These include education, physical health, mental health, and social skills. Education is a fundamental aspect, equipping young people with the knowledge and skills needed to excel in life. Physical health is equally important, promoting healthy habits that can last a lifetime. Mental health, often overlooked, is vital for emotional well-being and resilience. Social skills, such as communication and teamwork, are essential for establishing and maintaining relationships.

The Role of Society in Youth Development

Society plays a pivotal role in youth development. Parents, educators, and community members can contribute to the growth and development of young people. They can provide supportive environments, opportunities for learning, and positive role models. They can also help to identify and address any challenges that may hinder a young person’s development.

Challenges in Youth Development

Despite the importance of youth development, there are numerous challenges that can hinder its progress. These include poverty, inadequate education, mental health issues, and societal pressures. Addressing these challenges requires concerted efforts from individuals, communities, and governments.

The Future of Youth Development

Looking forward, it is imperative to continue investing in youth development. Innovations in technology and education provide new opportunities for growth and learning. Additionally, increased awareness about mental health can lead to better support systems for young people. By fostering a culture that values and supports youth development, we can ensure a brighter future for our young people and society as a whole.

In conclusion, youth development is a crucial aspect of societal growth and progression. It involves nurturing the intellectual, physical, and emotional capacities of young people, preparing them for successful adulthood. Despite the challenges, the future of youth development is promising, with new opportunities emerging from technological and educational advancements. As a society, we must continue to invest in our youth, recognizing their potential and providing them with the resources they need to thrive.

That’s it! I hope the essay helped you.

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