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वातावरण प्रदूषण मा निबंध नेपाली (Essay on Environment in Nepali Language)

Essay on Environment in Nepali Language : In this article we are providing  वातावरण प्रदूषण मा निबंध नेपाली for Class 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Read here  Vatavaran Pradushan in Nepali Essay for Students.

वातावरण प्रदूषण मा निबंध नेपाली

Essay on environment in nepali language.

वातावरण वातावरण दिवस मनाउन सुरु गरिएको हो । वातावरण सन्तुलनका लागि नेपालले पनि विश्व वातावरण दिवसलाई सन् १९७६ देखि नियमित रूपमा मनाउँदै आएको छ । वातावरण स्वच्छ भएन भने मानिस, अन्य जीवजन्तुहरुलाई समेत बाँच्नको लागि अपठ्यारो हुन्छ । मानिस स्वस्थ छ भने यसले जीवनमा धेरै कामहरु गर्न सकिन्छ। मानिसको 'स्वस्थ्य नै जीवन हो" भन्ने कुरा कदापि बिर्सिनुहुँदैन। वातावरण स्वच्छ हुँदा मात्र मानिस स्वस्थ बन्न सक्दछ भन्ने कुरालाई सबैले आत्मसात गर्नुपर्दछ। 

वातावरण प्रदूषण मा निबंध नेपाली (Essay on Environment in Nepali Language)

त्यसैले सबै मिलेर वातावरणको संरक्षण गर्न आजको आवश्यकता हो । मानवले बनाएको टेक्नोलोजी विकासले प्रकृतिको सन्तुलन बिग्रिरहेको छ। सम्पूर्ण प्राणीको सृष्टि प्रकृतिबाटै भएकाले यसलाई संरक्षण गर्नु पर्ने हाम्रो दायित्व रहेको देखिन्छ । प्रकृतिले स्वच्छ वातावारण तयार गरिदिएर सम्पूर्ण प्राणीको जीवनलाई स्वस्थ बनाइदिएको हुन्छ। सृष्टिको सुरुवातदेखि नै मानव अन्य प्राणी र वनस्पतिक बीच घनिष्ठ सम्बन्ध रहीआएको पनि छ। संसारका प्राणीहरुमध्येको विवेकशील प्राणी मानिस नै भएकाले वातावारणलाई जोगाउने दायित्व हामीहरुको हातमा रहेकोछ। 

प्राकृतिक सम्पदाहरलाई जोगाई जोगाउने वातावरण संरक्षण गर्न सबैका निम्ति हितकर हुनेछ । मानवलगायत अन्य प्राणीहरुको जीवन वातारवरणमै निर्भर हुनालेभएकोले वातावरणको संरक्षण गर्नु हामी सबैको दायित्व देखिन्छ । स्वस्थ वातावरणले प्रकृतिलाई सन्तुलनमा राख्नका साथसाथै बढ्दै गएको पोषण मागलाई पूरा गर्दै जान्छ अनि पृथ्वीमा रहेको सबै जीवजन्तुलाई बाँच्नको लागि सहजताको विकास गर्ने गरेको छ । वर्तमान समयमा पृथ्वीमा रहेको केही वनस्पति तथा जीवजन्तुहरू लोप भएका छन् भने केही लोप हुने अवस्थामा पुगेका छ, यो बढ्दो वातावरण विनासको कारणले भएको हो। मानिस प्रकृतिके सृष्टि भएकाले कहिल्यै पनि प्रकृतिबाट टाढा बस्न सक्दैन। प्रकृतिले प्रदान गरेको स्वच्छ वातावरणकै भरमा मानिसको जीवन अडेको छ। मानव आफैले वातावरणलाई प्रदुषित बनाइ आफ्नै जीवनलाई छोट्यइरहेको छ। 

प्रकृतिका विरुद्धमा पनि जान सक्दैन भन्ने कुरा थाहा हुदाँहुदै पनि मानिस प्रकृति माथि गलत कार्यहरु गर्न पछि परेको छैन। मानिसले भौतिक उन्नति गर्ने क्रममा प्राकतिक वातावरणको स्वच्छतामा खलल पुर्याइरहेको देखिन्छ। प्राकृतिक सम्पदाहरुलाई नष्ट गर्ने काम मानिसले मात्र गरेको पाइन्छ । अन्य प्राणीहरु प्राकृतिक सुन्दरतामै हाँस्दैखेल्दै रमाएराहेका हुन्छन। मानिसचाहिँ प्राकृतिक वातावरणलाई आफ्ना आनुकुल बनाउने कोसिस गरिरहेका छन । मानिसका अविवेकी क्रियाकलापहरुले गर्दा प्राकतिक नदि, हावा,रुख, हरियाली आदि कुराहरु विकृति अवस्थामा देखा परिरहेका छन्। उद्योग र कलकारखानाबाट निस्कने फोहोर, धुवा धुलो र दुषित पानीबाट हावा र पानी दुषित हुन् गई वातावरण बिग्रिने हामी सबैलाई थाहै भएकै छ। 

हावापानी दुषित भएपछि मानिसले आफू पूर्ण स्वस्थ भएर बच्ने कल्पना गर्ने ब्यर्थ हुन्छ। बोटबिरुवाहरु बाट निस्कने अक्सिजन प्राप्त गरी बच्ने आधार पाएको मान्छे तिनै बोटबिरुवाहरुलाई काटी देशको विकाश गर्न लागि परेको देखिन्छ । प्रकृतिको नियमलाई मिचेर कहिँ कसैबाट हुनुहुँदैन । प्राकृतिक सुन्दरतालाई नष्ट गरिदिने खालका  विस्फोटक पदार्थहरुको प्रयोग नगर्नु नै राम्रो हन्छ। प्रदुषित वातावरण मानवजतिको सर्वनाशको जड भएकाले वातावारणलाई स्वच्छ राख्ने प्रयास गर्नु सम्भव पनि छ। जीवनको स्वास्थ्यका निम्ति स्वच्छ वातावारण रहेकाले यसको संरक्षण व्यक्ति, समाज र विश्वले नै सचेत बन्नुपर्ने आवश्यकता देखा परेको छ । वातावरणको सिर्जना यस पृथ्वीमा रहेको जीवजगृत र प्राकृतिक सम्पदाहरूको संयोगबाट हुने भए पनि यसको संरक्षणमा मानवजातिको महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका हुन्छ । त्यसैले वातावरण स्वच्छ राख्नु हामी सबैको कर्तव्य हो । औद्योगिक तथा वैज्ञानिक प्रगति, रासायनिक पदार्थको उत्पादन र अव्यवस्थित प्रयोग, प्राकृतिक स्रोत साधनहरूको दुरुपयोगले दिन प्रतिदिन वातावरण असन्तुलित बनाइरहेको छ । यसले गर्दा मानिसको जीवन कष्टकर बन्न पुगेको देखिन्छ । 

मानिसले भौतिक उन्नति गर्ने क्रममा प्राकतिक वातावरणको स्वच्छता माथि खलल पुर्याउने काम गरेको देखिन्छ ।वातावरण प्रदुषणका कारणहरू अनियन्त्रित जनसंख्या वृद्धि, प्राकृतिक सम्पदाको अधिक प्रयोग, वनजंगलको तीव्र वृद्धि, जनचेतनाको अभाव, वातावरण संरक्षणको लागि राष्ट्रिय र अन्तर्राष्ट्रिय समन्वयको कमी, आदि हुन्। विश्वबाट निस्कने ३० प्रतिशत फोहोर मैलाको कुनै प्रकारको व्यवस्थापन नभएको देखिन्छ भने विकासोन्मुख देश नेपालको अवस्था झने विकराल रहेको छ । यसरी बढ्दै गएको समस्या र चुनौतीलाई समाधान गर्न वातावरण संरक्षणको महत्व सबैले बुझ्न जरुरी छ । वातावरणीय पक्षहरूलाई संरक्षित गर्दै विकासको गतिलाई एकीकृत तथा समान रूपमा अगाडि बढाउनु नै। वातावरण व्यवस्थापन हो ।वातावरण व्यवस्थापन भित्र प्राकृतिक स्रोत साधनको उपयोग, वातावरण संरक्षण, प्रदुषण र फोहोरमैला व्यवस्थापन, जैविकविविधता संरक्षण, भूमि तथा वनको दिगो प्रयोग लगायत सम्पूर्ण विधि र पक्रिया समेटिएको पाइन्छ । वातावरण व्यवस्थापनको महत्व मानिस र वातावरणबीच अन्योन्याश्रित सम्बन्ध छ । एकातर्फ मानिसलाई अत्यावश्यक आधारभूत आवश्यकताहरू वातावरणबाट उपलब्ध हुन्छन् भने अर्कोतर्फ मानिसको प्रकृतिमाथिको अतिक्रमणले वातावरण विभिन्न समस्याहरू सिर्जना गरिहेको छ ।पृथ्वीमा जीवनको अस्तित्वमा वातावरणले महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निर्वाह गर्दछ । पृथ्वी विभिन्न जीवित प्रजातिको घर हो र हामी सबै खाद्य, हावा, पानी र अन्य आवश्यकताहरूको लागि वातावरणमा निर्भर छौं त्यसैले वातावरणको संरक्षण गर्नु आजको आवश्यकता देखिन्छ ।

वातावरणको अर्थ सबै प्राकृतिक परिवेश जस्तै भूमि, हावा, पानी, बिरुवा, पशु, ठोस सामग्री, अपशिष्ट, सूर्यलाइट, जंगल र अन्य चीजहरू हो । स्वस्थ वातावरणले प्रकृतिको सन्तुलनको साथसाथै साथमा बढ्दै पोषण र पृथ्वीमा रहेका सबै जीवित चीजहरू विकास गर्न मद्दत गर्दछ। तथापि, आज एक दिन, वातावरण बिग्रेको केही मानवले बनाएको  टेक्नोलोजी विकासले धेरै तरिकामा प्रकृतिको सन्तुलन बिग्रेको छ। सम्पूर्ण प्राणीको सृष्टि प्रकृतिबाटै भएकाले वातावारणलाई प्राकृतिक परिवेशले उचित वातावरण प्रदान गरिदिएको हुन्छ। प्रकृतिले स्वच्छ वातावारण तयार गरिदिएर सम्पूर्ण प्राणीको जीवनलाई स्वस्थ बनाइदिएको हुन्छ। सृष्टिको सुरुवातदेखि नै मानव अन्य प्राणी र वनस्पतिक बीच गानिष्ठ सम्बन्ध रहीआएको पनि छ।संसारका प्राणीहरुमध्येको विवेकशील प्राणी मानिस नै भएकाले वातावारणलाई जोगाउने दायित्व उसकै हातमा छ। प्राकृतिक सम्पदाहरलाई जोगाई जोगाउने वातावारण संरक्षण गर्नु सबैका निम्ति हितकर छ। मानवलगायत अन्य प्राणीहरुको जीवन वातारवरणमै भरपर्ने हुनाले वातावारंको संरक्षण गर्नु अत्यावश्यक छ।

मानिस प्रकृतिकै  सृष्टि भएकाले उ कहिल्यै पनि प्रकृतिबाट लता रहेर बस्न सक्दैन। प्रकृतिले प्रदान गरेको स्वच्छ वातावरणकै  भरमा मानिसको जीवन अडेको छ; तर उ आफैले वातावरणलाई प्रदुषित तुल्याई आफ्नै जीवनलाई छोट्यइरहेको छ।प्रकृतिका विरुद्धमा कोही पनि जान सक्दैन भन्ने कुरा थाहा हुदाँहुदैँ पनि मानिस प्रकृतिमाथि विजय प्राप्त गर्ने नाममा गलत कार्यहरु गर्न पछि परेको छैन्। मानिसले भौतिक उन्नति गर्ने क्रममा प्राकृतिक वातावरणको स्वच्छतामा खलल पुर्याइरहेको देखिन्छ। प्राकृतिक सम्पदाहरुलाई नष्ट गर्ने काम मानिसले मात्र गरेको पाइन्छ।अन्य प्राणीहरु त् प्राकृतिक सुन्दरतामै हाँस्दै-खेल्दै रमाएराहेका हन्छन।मानिसचाहिँ प्राकृतिक वातावरणलाई आफ्ना आनुकुल बनाउने कोसिस गर्दछ अनि आफ्नो कोसिस असफल हुँदा क्रोधत् बन्दै प्रकृतिकै विनाश गर्न अग्रसर हुन्छ। मानिसका अविवेकी क्रियाकलापहरुले गर्दा प्राकृतिक नदि, हावा, रुख, हरियाली आदि कुराहरु विकृति अवस्थामा देखा परिरहेका छन्। उद्योग र कलकारखानाबाट निस्कने फोहोर धुवा र दुषित पानीबाट हावा र पानी दुषित हुन् गई वातावरण बिग्रिने कुरा हामीलाई थाहै छ। हावापानी दुषित भएपछि मानिसले आफू पूर्ण स्वस्थ बनेर बच्ने कल्पना गर्ने ब्यर्थ हुन्छ।बोटबिरुवाहरुलाई अक्सिजन प्राप्त गरी बच्ने आधार पाएको मान्छे तिनै बोटबिरुवाहरुलाई काट्न कोसिन्छ।

वातावरण स्वच्छ नभएमा मानिस आपंग नै बन्न पुग्दछ। आपंगा भएर बच्नु ज्यादै गार्हो हुन्छ।मानिस स्वस्थ छ भने यसले जीवनमा धेरै कामहरु गर्न सक्दछ। मानिस 'स्वस्थ्य नै जीवन हो'' भन्ने कुरा कदापि बिर्सिनुहुँदैन। वातावरण स्वच्छ हुदा मात्र मानिस स्वस्थ बन्न सक्दछ भन्ने कुरालाई सबैले आत्मसात गर्नुपर्दछ/ त्यसैले सबै मिलेर वातावरणको संरक्षण गर्न आजको आवश्यकता नै हो। यसको संरक्षणक लागि कारवा गर्न कसैले पनि कन्जुस्याइँ गर्नुहुदैन. जुन कम गर्दा वातावरणमा नराम्रो असर पर्छ, त्यस्ता कामहरु बिर्सेर पनि गर्नुहुँदैन।

प्रकृतिको नियमलाई मिच्ने काम कहिँबाट र कसैबाट हुनुहुँदैन। एकै पलमा प्राकृतिक सुन्दरताले नष्ट गरिदिने खालका  विस्फोटक पदार्थहरुको  प्रयोग नगर्नु नै राम्रो  हो। प्रदुषित वातावरण मानवजतिको सर्वनाशको जड भएकाले वातावारणलाई स्वच्छ राख्ने प्रयास गर्नु सम्भव पनि छ। जीवनको स्वस्थताक निम्ति स्वच्छ वातावारण रहेकाले यसको संरक्षण व्यक्ति, समाज र विश्वले नै सचेत बन्नुपर्ने आवश्यकता टड्कारो देखा पर्छ।

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essay on environmental pollution in 250 words-Nepal-2022

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                            ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION

environment essay in nepali

Environment simply refers to ours surrounding. All the natural and man-made things that we see are the elements of the environment. Pollution means decline of the original qualities of the elements of the environment like air, water, land, etc. Our environment determines our health and civilization.  

Environmental pollution is one of the greatest threats of the world today. All living being birds, animals, insects, plants and even human beings are victims of pollution. No part of the world now is unaffected by the problem of pollution these days.

Pollution is of different types. They are air pollution, water pollution and land pollution. Pollution causes various kinds of harms. Polluted air causes lung diseases, pain ad asthma. Similarly, when we drink polluted water become ill with diarrhea, dysentery, jaundice, etc. Loud noise harms our ear. However, the greatest harm is the depletion of the ozone layer. It causes increase in temperature in the earth, acid rain and drought.

The main reason of pollution is industrialization and population increase. These two bring about environmental change. Many factories have been established to produce goods. These factories and vehicles like bus, truck, car, motorcycle emit huge quantities of smoke into the atmosphere. Similarly, over population causes deforestation. So the ecological balance of nature is disturbed.

Environmental problem has been a major problem in the cities of Nepal. The industries are located in the cities like Kathmandu, Pokhara, Biratnagar and Chitwan. Population density is also high there. We do not have good system for the disposal of garbage. We link our drainage to the nearby rivers. So the people in these places suffer from different communicable diseases.

It is the duty of the government and citizens to take the initiative to make the world a better place. Awareness in people is essential. If human beings as well as other organisms are to survive, the environment must be kept neat and clean.    

AIR POLLUTION

environment essay in nepali

For the well-being of living beings, fresh air is the most important element . Air pollution is the undesirable change in the physical or biotic elements of the environment which may cause adverse effects to the biotic community . Pollutants can be divided into two categories on the basis of their production. They are:

         i.             PRIMARY POLLUTANTS:

                                           They can be defined as the pollutants which are directly emitted to the environment from the source. For example: nitrogen derivatives, oxides, halogens, etc.

       ii.             SECONDARY POLLUTANTS:

                                             They can be defined as the pollutants which are not directly emitted but are formed when primary pollutants chemical react in the atmosphere. For example: ozone, formaldehyde, acetyl nitrate, etc.

Dust particles which are emitted from industries and factories, pollutants from burning coal and improper management of waste products, smoke emitted from vehicles, etc. are the major causes of air pollution.

SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

A)     natural resources:.

                                       These sources of air pollution are directly related to the activities of the nature. Examples: volcano eruption, forest fire, dust storms, etc.

b)    ARTIFICIAL RESOURCES:

                                       The sources of air pollution which are not naturally made but caused due to human activities are called artificial sources. Examples: CO, CO 2 , NO, NO 2 , SO 2 , Cl 2 , NH 3 , etc. gases produced by burning fuel, industrialization, over population, deforestation, automobile, nuclear explosions, etc.

EFFECTS OF AIR POLLUTION

Air pollution may cause various short and long term effects in the elements of the environment and human health. The effects caused due to air pollution are:

a.     REDUCTION IN VISIBILTY:

                                          When various gases and dust particles mix in the atmosphere, it makes the sky blurry which is often termed as haze. This is the reason why people living in city areas cannot enjoy the clear sky. Due to fog and smog, people cannot see nearby objects clearly which makes it much risky to drive vehicles and fly airplanes due to reduced visibility.

b.     REDUCTION IN SOLAR RADIATION:

                                                      The areas where air pollution is high, solar radiation is absorbed by dust particles and moved to various place. Due to this, the amount of solar radiation required to reach the surface cannot get there and there will be the reduction of solar radiation. On the other hand, the temperature of other areas increases drastically which is harmful to living beings.

c.      GREEN HOUSE EFFECT:

                                      Various greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, ozone, Sulphur dioxide, etc. formed due to air pollution act like a blanket in the atmosphere, which traps the radiation and it does not let the heat escape to outer space. This causes rapid increase in the temperature of the earth. This is known as greenhouse effect.

d.     INHIBITION IN BIOLOGICAL GROWTH OF PLANTS:

                                           Sunlight is very important for plants to prepare food through photosynthesis. But increasing air pollution causes reduction in solar radiation due to which plants do not get enough light for their proper growth and development. This causes inhibition in biological growth of plants.

  e.     ADVERSE EFFECT ON HUMAN HEALTH:

                                                                                     Air pollution has contributed directly to the deteriorating health condition oh humans. Gases like carbon monoxide causes headache, nausea, difficulty in breathing, etc. Nitrogen oxide causes stinging of the eyes, coughing, headache, dry throat, congestion, etc. It may also cause insomnia, laziness, etc.

f.       DEPLETION OF OZONE LAYER:

                                                                       The chemicals causing ozone layer depletion are mainly chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methyl bromide, etc. which are emitted due to air pollution. These compounds decompose in the atmosphere and form nascent hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, etc. which deplete the ozone layer.

g.     ACID RAIN:

                                      The process of deposition of acid gases like Sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, etc. from the atmosphere on land in the form of rain is called Acid rain. In the atmosphere these oxides are unable to remain in the gaseous state and hence they react with moisture to form acids which fall into the earth as acid rain. Buildings, mountains, statues, bridges, etc. are corroded by acid rains.

h.     DESTRUCTION OF HISTORICAL MONUMENTS:

                                                                                                 Over a long period of time, air pollution can damage various monuments and buildings of historical importance permanently lowering their esteem. We can take the example of Taj mahal in India which is being damged due to excessive pollution.

i.        CHANGE IN CLIMATE:

                                                       Air pollution causes dust as well as gases to collect in the atmosphere which increases the temperature in some places and decreases the temperature in other places. Due to this, ice melts and it may cause floods in some regions and drought in others.

MEASURES TO CONTROL AIR POLLUTION

In order to prevent any further air pollution, the following measures can be implemented:

1.     The emission of air pollutants from industries should be controlled by using electrostatic precipitators of filter.

2.     The industrial areas should be constructed far from human settlements.

3.     Over population should be controlled.

4.     Some cheap fuels with higher Sulphur content should be banned and the use of disuphurized coal should be encouraged.

5.     Roadside plantation of trees should be done along the side of the roads which help to minimize the content of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide.

6.     Alternate sources of energy such as solar energy, wind energy, etc. should be used instead of petroleum products.

7.     Various awareness programmes about the effects of air pollution should be conducted.

WATER POLLUTION

environment essay in nepali

 Water in its purest form is colorless and odourless. But due to various human as well as natural activities, many pollutants enter the sources of water and make them polluted. This causes the water to be unsafe for daily usage. Water pollution can be defined as any undesirable changes in physical and biotic element of water. It degrades the quality of water which may cause serious health hazards.

Sources of water pollution.

   Although water pollution is caused by both humans and natural activities, mostly humans are only responsible for this problem. Natural causes may be mixing of dust in sources of water, production of bacteria and harmful germs in water. Thus, the causes of water pollution can be summarized below:

a)           Sewage water:

    The liquid waste discharged from industrial as well as domestic Sources is called sewage. This sewage without any treatment is directly discharged into sources of water like rivers, lakes, etc. This activity has resulted in spread of water borne diseases as well as the depletion of aquatic life.

b)  Contaminated from industries:  

     Along with the production of various useful products from industries, they also produce various chemical, papers and radioactive substances which are directly discharged into the sources of water without any treatment. Thus, the water will neither be capable of holding aquatic life nor will it be fit for human consumption.

c)           Agricultural wastes: 

     Farmers use various poisonous chemicals like DDT, BHC, Aldrin, etc. to kill pests and insects and increase the crop yield. But, sometimes farmers use these fertilizers in excessive amount due to lack of knowledge about their use. During the rainy season or due to human causes, such harmful chemicals mix with sources of water and kill all the aquatic lives in the water. It may also cause harm to humans as well.

d)  Obstruction in flow of water: 

If there is any sort of obstruction in the flow of water, it may cause all the pollutants to get collected in the source of water. This may cause the water to get more polluted which can be a reason for the end of the aquatic life .

e) Oily pollution: 

Oil is an important fuel. But it is one of the major causes of water pollution. Through various means such as leakage in oil tanks, spilling and washing vehicles, etc. oil reaches the water surface and it decreases the oxygenation in water which kills the aquatic life.

f) Radioactive substances:

  Radioactive substances released from mines through various means mix with sources of water. Due to this, it may be Lethal to plants and animals including humans.

Measures to control water pollution

Water pollution can be minimized by the following activities:

1.  Wastes ejected from homes and factories must be recycled by implementing recycling facilities.

2.  Dead bodies of living beings must be properly disposed either by burning or burying.

3.  The surrounding environment of sources of water must be kept clean by planting trees and preserving them.

4.  The use of compost manure should be encouraged during cultivation rather than using pesticides, insecticides and other harmful fertilizers.

5.  Proper drainage system must be built for efficient collection and treatment of wastes.

6. Various legal measures must be implemented for the protection of rivers and   use of safe water .

SOIL POLLUTION

environment essay in nepali

Soil is a vital part for living beings because it provides a habitat to animals, plants, insects, human and basically every living being in the world. Soil provides necessary moisture as well as minerals to support plants life. Plants prevent erosion and many natural disasters. Many insects and microbes live in soil. Therefore, soil is an important element for insects, plants, animals and humans.

The degradation of soil due to the presence of various unwanted chemicals altering the natural state of the soil is called soil pollution . It is harmful to plants as well as any other forms of life. Uneducated farmers use insecticides, pesticides and various fertilizers in excess amount which not only degrades the quality of soil such as soil texture, water holding capacity, porosity, etc. but also minimizes crop yield. This also kills various useful animals living inside the soil. Soil pollution is mostly found in urban and industrialized areas. If land is polluted, to neither plants can develop properly nor is it suitable for animals.

environment essay in nepali

Sources of soil pollution

Land gets polluted because of various reasons. There are various sources of land pollution such as domestic wastes, use of harmful chemicals, industrial wastes, use of fertilizers, acid rain, etc. The wastes emitted from sources are the main pollution of soil. The major reasons for the pollution of land are as follows:

a)     Domestic wastes

Many products, both edible and non- edible, are used in our daily life. Domestic wastes include waste products such as dust, excreta, broken utensils, plastic, contaminated food etc. When these wastes come in contact with land, it may produce many harmful microbes which also supports in the formation of various diseases. If lots of wastes get deposited in a certain place, it may act as a breeding place for various bacteria. Land pollution may also decrease the fertility of soil.

b)      Excessive use of pesticides

Farmer's main job is to cultivate various crops. However, sometimes various insects and pests attack their crops. In order to protect the crops from any damage, many chemical compounds are used. These chemicals protect the crops from harmful insects. But they also pollute the soil. Due to this reason, insecticides, fungicides, weedicides, etc. are considered as  pollutants. The most dangerous substances that cause harm to the soil are DDT, dialdrin, Aldrin, parathion, etc.

                c) Industrial waste

                          Many useful objects are manufactured by industries. However, some other objects which cause pollution are also emitted. The substances which are thrown from factories include chemicals, metals, nonmetals, waste products, living wastes, etc. which cause harm to the natural quality of the soil which pollutes it and degrades the crop yield. It may also adversely harm the living animals in the polluted soil.

        d)         Use of chemical fertilizers

Many fertilizers are used to increase the productivity and fertility of the soil. If it is used in proper amount, it may increase the crop yield. However, excessive use of these fertilizers is the major cause of soil pollution. Fertilizers contain various elements such as Arsenic (As), Barium (Ba), Calcium (Ca), Cobalt (Co), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb) etc. These elements are responsible for killing various useful living organisms in the soil and also causing imbalance in the nutrients of the soil.

e)                   Municipal Wastes

Municipalities are the major sources of waste products. These waste products most often do not get disposed in the right area due to which the soil gets contaminated. These waters are both organic and inorganic and are responsible for the depletion of fertility of the soil.

f)                    Acid rain

Basically, the presence of any sorts of acid in rain is regarded as acid rain. The major compounds causing acid rain are sulphuric acid (H2S04), nitric acid (HN03), hydrochloric acid (HCI), Carbonic acid (H2C03).

MEASURES TO CONTROL SOIL POLLUTION

1.     The use of harmful chemical fertilizers must be replaced by compost mature in order to maximize the crop yield.

2.     The use of pesticides and insecticides must be minimized and other methods of controlling pests which do not contaminate the soil must be used.

3.     Proper disposal of domestic wastes should be established.

4.     The irrigation of fields using polluted water must be discouraged.

5.     The radioactive substances emitted from factories and laboratories must be appropriately disposed.

6.     Proper drainage system must be built for the disposal human excreta.

7.     Afforestation must be done in order to prevent the soil erosion from natural disasters such as floods, landslides, etc.

8.     The use of materials that do not decay over a certain period of time must be minimized.

9.     Farmers must be trained and educated through various programmes on proper use of fertilizers.

10.        Awareness programmes must be conducted to aware the people about the harmful effects of soil pollution.

11.        Soil conservation methods should be implemented to preserve the soil.

                                             Chemical Pollution

environment essay in nepali

                                              

Environmental deterioration due to unscientific and improper use of chemical substances is called chemical pollution.  Our environment is getting increasingly unhygienic and polluted day by day because of this chemical pollution. In general, chemical pollution is excessive in the areas with high population density.

Some causes of chemical pollution are as follows:

1.     Chemical fertilizers:

 Chemical fertilizers and insecticides used by the farmers constitute the major part of chemical pollution. The chemicals contained in fertilizers get dissolved in water and reach rivers, streams and ponds. This process supports the excessive growth of algae and other immaterial grasses. This obviously results   in over-exploitation of oxygen in the water when they decay after their death. It brings a gradual reduction in the number of organisms in the water as they have to undergo oxygen deficiency.

2.     Insecticides:  

The use of insecticides has a negative impact on useful plants and organisms as well. DDT, BHC, methoxychloride, etc. are commonly used insecticides which kill many useful insects and hamper the growth of some plants. This chemical is stored in plants and animals and harms them causing chronic and infectious diseases. Many animals who feed on dead animals (death is caused by insecticides) are badly affected by insecticides.

Dieldrine, aldrin, cobalt, lead, mercury, etc. directly pollute our environment. The use of lead containing petrol is seriously injurious to our health. Scientists are making efforts to produce lead free petrol. The industries established on the bank of rivers, seas and oceans excrete a great amount of mercury that affects fish and other aquatic animals the sea. Many people were killed because of eating the fish containing profuse level of mercury in 1950 in Japan.

3.     Refuses and waste materials :

 Dirt and waste materials are the main causes of environmental pollution. The rapid degradation of our environment is probably owing to improper disposal of dirt and garbage being increasingly collected day to day. The noxious substances in the dirt spread out in the air and water causing rise in atmospheric pollution.

4.     Plastic:  

Plastic is used to make utensils, bags, pipes and many other things. The things made by plastic are not decomposed; it ultimately creates an alarming problem in the environment. This gives off poisonous gas on being burnt. Hence, it is really essential to develop the recycling process of waste plastic in order to save the environment from being polluted.

3.  Smoke from the means of transport and industries :

Greenhouse effect  is on the rise due to the increasing quantity of      carbon dioxide in the air. it has resulted in global temperature increment and dreadful droughts. high temperature accelerates the melting of snow in the polar regions causing the sea surface to rise higher. the lands along the edge of the sea will then come under water. dust and smoke cause chronic lung diseases in animals. moreover, dense smoke has a negative effect on the environment. it causes lung diseases., 4. colours used in foodstuffs :.

 Many people prefer to use different colours in foodstuffs and drinks like tea, coffee, chocolate, etc. to make them attractive to look. This kind of use of colours in food is ruinous to our health. It increases the possibility of death by causing diseases like cancer.

  5. Synthetic clingers:

  control measures of chemical pollution.

l. Rules and regulations are to be made to establish industries, factories and other thermal plants far from residential areas. 

2. Farmers are suggested for the use of organic fertilizers rather than chemical fertilizers.

3. Trainings should be given to farmers for the wise and proper use of chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides.

 4. The waste water, dyes and other liquids released from industrial areas must be purified before mixing them into water bodies.

 5. Noxious smokes from industries should not be allowed spread in the air.

 6.People must be conscious of the results of using harmful substances in food.

7.Unnecessary use of fertilizers and insecticides should not be done. 

8. Vehicles and industries should be kept in proper conditions.

Pollution control is basically integral to maintain natural balance. Today it is a bounded duty of all of us to protect our environment from being deteriorated. Scientists have been engaged in finding out easier methods of environmental preservation. 

   Management of bio-degradable and non-biodegradable wastes

Solid waste is considered as any sort of bio-degradable and non-biodegradable garbage such as food wastes, construction debris, plastic, clothes etc . Primarily, the amount of solid waste is increasing day by day in urban areas in an alarming rate. The increase in the amount of domestic as well as industrial wastes due to over population causes environmental imbalance.

The unwanted or unusable wastes from industrial, commercial, agricultural operations and even from community activities are called solid wastes. Some kinds of wastes around us are garbage refuse, plastic, broken metals, glass pieces, clothes, rocks, green wastes, paper, etc. On the basis of the characteristics, solid wastes can be classified into biodegradable and non-biodegradable solid wastes. 

  Biodegradable wastes

The wastes which consist of organic matter and can be decomposed into their simpler components such as carbon dioxide, water, methane and other organic molecules by micro-organisms in a short time period are called biodegradable wastes. Kitchen wastes, dead animals, clothes, paper, human wastes, manures, etc. are the biodegradable wastes.

           Non-biodegradable wastes

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Essay on Natural Resources in Nepal: An Overview

Natural Resources in Nepal

Introduction to Natural Resources in Nepal

Nepal is a land-locked country situated in the Himalayas between India and Tibet. The country is known for its stunning natural beauty, with majestic mountain ranges, pristine forests, and rolling hills. Natural resources are an integral part of the economy and culture of Nepal, providing both livelihoods and recreational opportunities for its citizens. From forests and water to minerals and wildlife, Nepal is blessed with a rich abundance of resources that have the potential to contribute significantly to its development.

Table of Contents

In this essay, we will take a closer look at the natural resources in Nepal, including their types, distribution, and importance. We will also examine the challenges that Nepal faces in managing these resources effectively and the efforts being made to conserve them. This essay aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the natural resources in Nepal and their role in the country’s economy and environment.

Natural Resources in Nepal

Importance of Natural Resources for Nepal’s Economy

Nepal is a country that is rich in natural resources, including water, forests, minerals, and fertile land. These resources are vital to the economic development of the country and play a crucial role in the lives of millions of people. In this article, we will discuss the importance of natural resources for Nepal’s economy.

Forests and Natural Beauty: Nepal is home to a diverse range of forest types and vegetation, making it a popular tourist destination. The country’s forests provide vital ecosystem services, including watershed protection, carbon sequestration, and habitat for wildlife. In addition, the natural beauty of the forests is a major draw for tourists, generating significant revenue for the country.

Agriculture : Agriculture is the backbone of Nepal’s economy and a significant source of livelihood for millions of people. The country’s fertile land, abundant water resources, and favorable climate conditions make it ideal for agriculture. Agriculture contributes to the country’s GDP, providing food, fiber, and other essential products.

Hydropower: Nepal is known for its abundant water resources and has the potential to generate substantial amounts of hydropower. Hydropower is a clean and renewable source of energy that can contribute to economic growth and reduce dependence on imported fuels. The development of hydropower projects has the potential to create jobs, attract investment, and improve energy security.

Minerals: Nepal is rich in minerals, including iron ore, coal, limestone, and other minerals. The exploitation of these minerals can provide a significant boost to the country’s economy, creating jobs, increasing government revenue, and attracting investment. However, it is important to ensure that mining activities are carried out in an environmentally sustainable manner.

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In conclusion, natural resources play a crucial role in Nepal’s economy. The country’s forests, fertile land, water resources, and minerals provide vital ecosystem services and support the livelihoods of millions of people. By leveraging these resources, the country has the potential to achieve sustainable economic growth and improve the quality of life for its citizens.

Natural Resources in Nepal

Types of Natural Resources in Nepal

Water Resources: Nepal is known for its abundant water resources with numerous rivers, lakes and glaciers. Some of the major rivers in Nepal include the Ganges, Indus, and Brahmaputra, which are crucial for agriculture, fishing, and hydropower generation.

Forest Resources: Forests cover about 30% of the total land area of Nepal and provide a wide range of benefits to the country, including fuelwood, timber, medicinal plants, and wildlife habitat.

Mineral Resources: Nepal is rich in minerals such as limestone, iron ore, coal, magnesium, and gold. These resources are essential for the construction, manufacturing, and energy industries.

Agricultural Resources: Nepal is a predominantly agricultural country, with over 80% of its population relying on agriculture for their livelihood. Rice, wheat, maize, and millet are some of the major crops grown in the country.

Wildlife Resources: Nepal is home to a diverse range of wildlife species, including tigers, rhinos, elephants, and monkeys. These resources are crucial for ecotourism, which provides a significant source of income for local communities.

Hydro Power Resources: Nepal has significant potential for hydropower generation, with numerous rivers and streams flowing through the country. This renewable energy source provides a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels and is an important contributor to the country’s economy.

Cultural and Heritage Resources: Nepal is famous for its rich cultural and heritage resources, including monuments, temples, and palaces. These resources are valuable for tourism and play an important role in preserving the country’s cultural identity.

Challenges faced by Nepal in Managing its Natural Resources

Nepal is a landlocked country in South Asia, rich in diverse and abundant natural resources. However, despite having a plethora of natural resources, Nepal faces numerous challenges in managing them effectively. Some of the major challenges faced by Nepal in managing its natural resources are discussed below.

  • Limited Awareness: Nepal has a large rural population, where most people are illiterate and lack awareness about the importance of natural resources. This leads to over-exploitation and destruction of natural resources, which affects the country’s overall development.
  • Lack of Government Support: The government of Nepal lacks adequate financial and technical resources to effectively manage natural resources. There is also a lack of political will to implement conservation and sustainable management programs, which results in the mismanagement of natural resources.
  • Corruption: Corruption is a major challenge in Nepal, and this also extends to the management of natural resources. Lack of transparency in the allocation and management of resources often leads to their exploitation and destruction, leading to an imbalance in the ecosystem.
  • Unplanned Development: Unplanned development activities such as deforestation, illegal logging, mining, and other commercial activities often cause severe damage to the environment and natural resources. This results in degradation of the environment, reducing the capacity of natural resources to provide benefits to the local communities.
  • Climate Change: Climate change is a major challenge to the management of natural resources in Nepal. Changes in the pattern of rainfall and temperature affect agriculture, forestry, water resources, and other ecosystem services, which impacts the livelihoods of local communities.
  • Geographical Challenges: Nepal’s mountainous geography poses a significant challenge to the management of natural resources. The country’s inaccessible terrain makes it difficult for the government to monitor and enforce conservation and sustainable management programs.

In conclusion, Nepal faces numerous challenges in managing its natural resources, but with effective government support, increased awareness, and the implementation of sustainable management programs, these challenges can be overcome. Effective natural resource management is crucial for the country’s overall development and the well-being of its people.

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Role of Government in Preserving Natural Resources in Nepal

The government of Nepal plays a crucial role in preserving the country’s natural resources, which are essential for the sustainable development and well-being of its people. Natural resources in Nepal include forests, water, minerals, and wildlife, among others. These resources provide numerous benefits, such as providing livelihoods, maintaining ecological balance, and conserving biodiversity.

Forests : Forests cover approximately 37% of Nepal’s land area and are crucial for maintaining the country’s ecological balance. The government has implemented various measures to protect forests and prevent deforestation. For example, the Forest Act of 1993 prohibits the unauthorized felling of trees, and the government has established protected areas, such as national parks and wildlife reserves, to conserve wildlife and forests. Additionally, the government has launched programs to promote sustainable forest management, such as community forestry, where local communities are involved in the management and conservation of forests.

Natural Resources in Nepal

Water: Nepal has abundant water resources, including rivers, lakes, and glaciers, which are essential for agriculture, industry, and drinking water. The government has implemented various measures to conserve and manage water resources, such as the Water Resource Act of 1992 and the National Water Plan of 1992. These laws and policies aim to ensure equitable access to water and prevent water pollution.

Minerals: Nepal has rich deposits of minerals, such as limestone, quartz, and iron ore, which are essential for various industries, including construction, manufacturing, and energy. The government has implemented various measures to manage mineral resources, such as the Mines and Minerals Act of 1992, which regulates the exploration, exploitation, and conservation of minerals. Additionally, the government has established the Department of Mines and Geology to oversee the management of mineral resources and ensure sustainable and responsible mining practices.

Wildlife: Nepal is home to a rich diversity of wildlife, including rare and endangered species, such as the Bengal tiger and the one-horned rhinoceros. The government has established various protected areas, such as national parks and wildlife reserves, to conserve wildlife and prevent illegal hunting and poaching. Additionally, the government has launched programs to conserve wildlife, such as ecotourism, which generates income for local communities and supports conservation efforts.

Natural Resources in Nepal

In conclusion, the government of Nepal plays a critical role in preserving the country’s natural resources, which are essential for the sustainable development and well-being of its people. The government has implemented various measures, such as laws and policies, protected areas, and programs to promote sustainable management and conservation of natural resources. The government’s role in preserving natural resources is crucial for ensuring their long-term sustainability and the well-being of future generations.

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Community-Based Natural Resource Management in Nepal

Community-based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) is a critical approach to the sustainable management of natural resources in Nepal. This method of resource management is based on the principle of empowering local communities to participate in the management and decision-making process of the natural resources that affect their lives. The aim of CBNRM is to balance the interests of the local communities, governments, and businesses to ensure that the resources are used for the benefit of all stakeholders.

Natural Resources in Nepal

In Nepal, CBNRM has been implemented in various forms to conserve and manage the country’s vast natural resources, including forests, wildlife, water resources, and land. CBNRM is based on the idea of decentralizing the management of natural resources to the local communities. This approach has been successful in conserving and sustaining the resources while promoting the economic development of the communities.

The government of Nepal has been promoting CBNRM as a means of achieving sustainable development. The government has established various laws, policies, and institutions to support the implementation of CBNRM. For example, the Forest Act 1993 and the Community Forest Management Regulation of 1995 provide the legal framework for the management of community forests.

Natural Resources in Nepal

In addition, the government has established the Community-based Natural Resource Management Program (CBNRMP) to provide technical and financial support to communities in their efforts to manage natural resources. The program has been successful in creating a collaborative relationship between the communities, the government, and the private sector to conserve and manage the resources.

The success of CBNRM in Nepal is evident from the increase in the number of community-based organizations (CBOs) that are engaged in the management of natural resources. CBOs have been established in various regions of the country, and they play a critical role in the management of resources, including the protection of forests, wildlife, and water resources.

Natural Resources in Nepal

In conclusion, CBNRM is a critical approach to the sustainable management of natural resources in Nepal. The government, local communities, and the private sector must work together to ensure the successful implementation of CBNRM. This will ensure that the resources are used for the benefit of all stakeholders, including the preservation of the environment and the promotion of economic development.

Opportunities for Sustainable Development through Natural Resources in Nepal

Nepal is a country rich in natural resources and has the potential to become a leader in sustainable development. From forests to mineral resources, water resources to wildlife, Nepal has the potential to provide a high quality of life to its citizens while also preserving the environment for future generations.

One of the most significant opportunities for sustainable development in Nepal is the exploitation of its forests. With over 60% of its land area covered by forests, Nepal is one of the most forested countries in the world. These forests provide a vital source of livelihood for millions of people and are also a critical carbon sink. By promoting sustainable forestry practices and utilizing forest products, Nepal can protect its forests while also generating income and creating jobs.

Natural Resources in Nepal

Another opportunity for sustainable development in Nepal is the utilization of its abundant water resources. With numerous rivers and lakes, Nepal has the potential to become a leader in hydroelectric power production. This not only provides a clean and renewable source of energy, but also creates jobs and drives economic growth.

Mineral resources, such as iron, copper, gold and mica, are also abundant in Nepal. The development of these resources can provide a significant boost to the economy and provide employment opportunities. However, it is important to ensure that this development is sustainable and does not harm the environment.

Nepal’s wildlife is also a major opportunity for sustainable development. With a wide range of flora and fauna, Nepal is home to many species that are found nowhere else in the world. By promoting sustainable wildlife tourism, Nepal can protect its unique wildlife while also generating income.

Natural Resources in Nepal

In conclusion, Nepal has numerous opportunities for sustainable development through the use of its natural resources. From forests to water resources to mineral resources, Nepal has the potential to provide a high quality of life for its citizens while also preserving the environment for future generations. By promoting sustainable practices and utilizing these resources wisely, Nepal can become a leader in sustainable development.

Conclusion and Recommendations for Sustainable Use of Natural Resources in Nepal.

In conclusion, Nepal is a country rich in natural resources, including forests, water resources, minerals, and wildlife. The sustainable use of these resources is crucial for the long-term economic and ecological health of the country. However, the current methods of resource extraction and use are unsustainable, and have led to environmental degradation, loss of biodiversity, and increased poverty.

Natural Resources in Nepal

To ensure the sustainable use of natural resources in Nepal, the following recommendations should be implemented:

  • Development of sustainable resource management policies: Nepal should establish and enforce policies that promote sustainable resource management practices, including limiting over-extraction, reducing waste, and promoting efficient use.
  • Promotion of eco-friendly technologies: Encouraging the use of environmentally friendly technologies and practices can help reduce the impact of resource extraction and use on the environment.
  • Community involvement: Engaging local communities in the management and protection of natural resources can help ensure that resources are used sustainably, and that the benefits of resource use are shared fairly.
  • Education and awareness: Raising awareness about the importance of sustainable resource use among the general public is crucial to ensure that people understand the impact of their actions on the environment.
  • Investment in renewable energy: Investing in renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power can help reduce the dependence on non-renewable resources, while promoting sustainable development.

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In conclusion, the sustainable use of natural resources is essential for the long-term prosperity and well-being of Nepal and its people. By implementing these recommendations, Nepal can ensure that its rich natural resources are used in a responsible and sustainable manner, for the benefit of present and future generations.

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