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C Compound Assignment

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The compound-assignment operators combine the simple-assignment operator with another binary operator. Compound-assignment operators perform the operation specified by the additional operator, then assign the result to the left operand. For example, a compound-assignment expression such as

expression1 += expression2

can be understood as

expression1 = expression1 + expression2

However, the compound-assignment expression is not equivalent to the expanded version because the compound-assignment expression evaluates expression1 only once, while the expanded version evaluates expression1 twice: in the addition operation and in the assignment operation.

The operands of a compound-assignment operator must be of integral or floating type. Each compound-assignment operator performs the conversions that the corresponding binary operator performs and restricts the types of its operands accordingly. The addition-assignment ( += ) and subtraction-assignment ( -= ) operators can also have a left operand of pointer type, in which case the right-hand operand must be of integral type. The result of a compound-assignment operation has the value and type of the left operand.

In this example, a bitwise-inclusive-AND operation is performed on n and MASK , and the result is assigned to n . The manifest constant MASK is defined with a #define preprocessor directive.

C Assignment Operators

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Dive into the fascinating world of compound statements in C programming as we unravel their purpose, structure, and implementation. Grasp the core differences between simple and compound statements, and learn how to use them effectively in your programs. Embark on a journey through examples that demonstrate control structures and error handling techniques, as you enhance your coding skills. Finally, understand the various advantages of using both simple and compound statements in C programming, which lead to improved readability, efficiency, and flexibility of the code. So, brace yourself for an exciting and insightful learning experience in the realm of C programming.

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Compound Statement in C Explained

A compound statement in C, also known as a block, is a collection of multiple statements enclosed within curly braces { }. These statements are executed together as if they were a single statement. In C, a compound statement can be used in any context where a single statement is allowed, making them very useful in various programming constructs such as loops, conditional statements, and functions.

Purpose of using compound statements

The main purpose of using compound statements is to group multiple statements together, allowing them to be executed sequentially in specific contexts. Here are some advantages and use cases for compound statements:

  • Combining multiple statements to a single unit allows them to be used in control structures like for loops, while loops, and if-else statements which require a single executable statement.
  • Compound statements in functions enable local variable declaration and can help maintain code simplicity and readability.
  • Using compound statements can reduce the chances of errors caused by misplaced semicolons or incorrect use of braces.

Declaring a compound statement

To declare a compound statement, you wrap the statements you want to group together within curly braces { }, forming a separate block. You typically use compound statements when you need to execute more than one statement in a control structure. Here is an example of declaring a compound statement in an if-else construct:

Difference between Simple and Compound Statement in C

Both simple and compound statements are used in C programming to perform various tasks, but they are fundamentally different based on their structure and usage. To compare these two, let's discuss the primary differences:

In conclusion, a compound statement in C allows you to group multiple statements together, which is beneficial for various programming constructs such as loops, conditional statements, and functions. Understanding the differences between simple and compound statements helps to enhance your programming skills and write more efficient code in the C language.

Exploring Compound Statement in C Programming Examples

Control structures in C programming, such as conditional statements and loops, rely on compound statements to execute multiple tasks in a specific context. In this section, we'll discuss how to implement compound statements with if-else statements and loops to improve your programming efficiency and code readability.

Using If-else statements with compound statements

When working with if-else statements, you can use compound statements to group multiple statements that should be executed when a specific condition is met. This allows you to seamlessly manage multiple conditions and operations within a single if-else statement. Here's an example:

In this example, we used a compound statement containing two printf statements for each branch of the if-else statement, allowing multiple tasks to be executed depending on the grade value.

Working with loops in compound statements

Loops, such as for and while loops, can also benefit from using compound statements. By enclosing multiple statements within a compound statement, you can perform multiple operations iteratively. Here's an example:

In this example, we used an enclosing compound statement with a for loop to print both the iteration number and the string "Hello, World!" multiple times. The usage of compound statements enabled the execution of multiple tasks within the loop context.

Compound Statement Missing in C: Common Issues

When working with compound statements, you might encounter issues related to missing or misplaced braces, resulting in common syntax or runtime errors. In this section, we'll discuss how to fix and avoid these errors in your compound statements.

Fixing the missing compound statement error

A missing compound statement error occurs when one or more of the required curly braces are misplaced or missing from the code. To fix this error, carefully review your code, ensuring that each opening brace '{' is matched with an appropriate closing brace '}'. Here are some tips to fix the error:

  • Double-check the position of each brace to ensure correct placement.
  • Ensure that all compound statements used within control structures are enclosed with proper curly braces.
  • Use a text editor or integrated development environment (IDE) with brace matching capabilities to easily identify missing or mismatched braces.
  • Following a consistent code style and indentation can help you quickly identify any issues with your compound statements.

Avoiding syntax errors in your compound statements

Syntax errors within compound statements can result from misplaced semicolons, incorrect brace positions, or typos within the statements. To avoid these issues and maintain clean and efficient code, follow these guidelines:

  • Always ensure that each opening brace '{' is appropriately paired with a closing brace '}'.
  • Be cautious of putting semicolons (;) directly after a control statement like if, for, or while, as it might lead to unexpected behaviour.
  • Utilise proper indentation and code formatting to enhance readability, making it easier to identify potential syntax errors .
  • Employ a text editor or integrated development environment (IDE) with syntax highlighting and error checking capabilities to spot and fix errors more efficiently.

By carefully checking your code for errors and following consistent coding practices, you can avoid common issues related to compound statements and improve the overall quality and reliability of your C programs.

Advantages of Using Simple and Compound Statement in C

Combining simple and compound statements in C programming provides numerous benefits for code readability, efficiency, organisation, flexibility, and reusability. By understanding and appropriately using these types of statements, developers can create robust and maintainable code for complex applications.

Improving code readability and efficiency

Code readability and efficiency play a crucial role in software development, as they directly impact the ease of understanding, maintaining and debugging the code. Employing simple and compound statements effectively can significantly enhance both these aspects:

  • Logical grouping of statements: Compound statements can encapsulate multiple related operations within a single block enclosed by braces, improving the code structure and organization.
  • Using appropriate control structures: Implementing if-else, for and while loops with compound statements makes code execution more efficient and reduces program complexity.
  • Local and global variables: Simple and compound statements enable appropriate use of local and global variables, helping to manage the scope of variables and memory usage.
  • Error reduction: Proper usage of simple and compound statements helps minimise potential syntax and logical errors that might be otherwise introduced by misplacement of semicolons or braces.

Organising complex code structures

Managing complex code structures can be challenging, especially when dealing with large-scale applications. Utilising simple and compound statements strategically can greatly improve code organisation in the following ways:

  • Function declarations: Grouping related statements within a function using compound statements increases code readability and makes it easier to identify the logic of each function.
  • Nesting control structures: You can nest compound statements within other control structures, such as loops and conditional statements, enabling the creation of more complex and versatile logic.
  • Separation of concerns: Well-delineated compound statements facilitate the separation of concerns, leading to modular and maintainable code.
  • Code commenting: Simple and compound statements can be accompanied by meaningful comments to help understand the purpose of each segment and improve code maintainability.

Enhancing code flexibility and reusability

Code flexibility and reusability are essential for software development, as they enable code segments to be easily reused and adapted to evolving requirements. Simple and compound statements provide various benefits in these regards:

  • Modularisation: By encapsulating related statements within compound statements, developers can create a modular code design that supports easier modification and scalability.
  • Reusable functions: Employing simple and compound statements within functions promotes the development of reusable and general-purpose functions that can be invoked throughout the codebase, reducing code repetition and increasing efficiency.
  • Customisation of control structures: With the effective use of simple and compound statements, developers can create custom control structures capable of catering to specific project requirements and handling unique operations.
  • Code refactoring: Structured code with well-defined simple and compound statements simplifies the process of refactoring, making it easier to optimise or rewrite sections of code without affecting the overall logic of the application.

By taking advantage of the benefits provided by simple and compound statements, developers can improve the overall quality and maintainability of their C programs, creating code that is more efficient, readable, and adaptable to changing requirements.

Compound Statement in C - Key takeaways

Compound Statement in C: A block of multiple statements enclosed within curly braces { }, allowing the grouped statements to be executed together.

Difference between simple and compound statement in C: While simple statements are single executable statements ending with a semicolon (;), compound statements consist of multiple simple statements within curly braces { }.

Compound statement in C programming example: In control structures such as if-else statements and loops, compound statements allow the execution of multiple tasks depending on the condition or iteration.

Compound statement missing in C: Common issues include missing or misplaced curly braces, leading to syntax or runtime errors. Proper code organization and consistent practices can help avoid these errors.

Advantages of using simple and compound statement in C: Improved code readability, efficiency, organization, flexibility, and reusability, leading to robust and maintainable code for complex applications.

Frequently Asked Questions about Compound Statement in C

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A compound statement in C, also known as a block, is a collection of multiple statements enclosed within curly braces { }, executed together as if they were a single statement. They can be used in any context where a single statement is allowed.

Compound statements enable grouping of statements for use in control structures, allow local variable declaration in functions, maintain code simplicity and readability, and reduce errors caused by misplaced semicolons or incorrect braces usage.

To declare a compound statement, wrap the statements you want to group together within curly braces { }, forming a separate block. Compound statements are used when executing more than one statement in a control structure.

What is the primary difference between a simple statement and compound statement in C?

A simple statement is a single executable statement ending with a semicolon (;), while a compound statement consists of multiple simple statements enclosed within curly braces { }.

Where can compound statements be used in C programming?

Compound statements can be used in various programming constructs such as loops, conditional statements, and functions, in any context where a single statement is allowed.

In C programming, how can compound statements be used with if-else statements to execute multiple tasks depending on specific conditions?

Compound statements can be used with if-else statements by enclosing multiple statements within curly braces after each if or else branch, allowing the grouped statements to be executed when the condition is met.

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what is compound assignment statement in c

  • Introduction to C
  • Download MinGW GCC C Compiler
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  • The First C Program
  • Data Types in C
  • Variables, Keywords, Constants
  • If Statement
  • If Else Statement
  • Else If Statement
  • Nested If Statement
  • Nested If Else Statement
  • Do-While Loop
  • Break Statement
  • Switch Statement
  • Continue Statement
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  • Arithmetic Operator in C
  • Increment Operator in C
  • Decrement Operator in C
  • Compound Assignment Operator
  • Relational Operator in C
  • Logical Operator in C
  • Conditional Operator in C
  • 2D array in C
  • Functions with arguments
  • Function Return Types
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  • Recursion in C
  • Reading String from console
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+= operator

  • Add operation.
  • Assignment of the result of add operation.
  • Statement i+=2 is equal to i=i+2 , hence 2 will be added to the value of i, which gives us 4.
  • Finally, the result of addition, 4 is assigned back to i, updating its original value from 2 to 4.

Example with += operator

-= operator.

  • Subtraction operation.
  • Assignment of the result of subtract operation.
  • Statement i-=2 is equal to i=i-2 , hence 2 will be subtracted from the value of i, which gives us 0.
  • Finally, the result of subtraction i.e. 0 is assigned back to i, updating its value to 0.

Example with -= operator

*= operator.

  • Multiplication operation.
  • Assignment of the result of multiplication operation.
  • Statement i*=2 is equal to i=i*2 , hence 2 will be multiplied with the value of i, which gives us 4.
  • Finally, the result of multiplication, 4 is assigned back to i, updating its value to 4.

Example with *= operator

/= operator.

  • Division operation.
  • Assignment of the result of division operation.
  • Statement i/=2 is equal to i=i/2 , hence 4 will be divided by the value of i, which gives us 2.
  • Finally, the result of division i.e. 2 is assigned back to i, updating its value from 4 to 2.

Example with /= operator

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Using Compound Assignment Operators in C: A Beginner's Guide

An assignment operator is used for assigning a value to a variable. The most common assignment operator is = (equal). The left side operand of the assignment operator is a variable and right side operand of the assignment operator is a value. The value on the right side must be of the same data-type of the variable on the left side otherwise the compiler will raise an error.

The code is a C program that demonstrates the use of compound assignment operators in C. Here is an explanation of each line of the code:

  • int a=10,b=5; declares two variables a and b of type int and assigns them the values 10 and 5 respectively.
  • a+=b; is the compound assignment operator +=, it performs a+b and assigns the value to a. It is equivalent to a=a+b.
  • printf("A : %d",a); prints the value of a which is 15, this is the result after using += operator.
  • a-=10; is the compound assignment operator -=, it performs a-10 and assigns the value to a. It is equivalent to a=a-10.
  • printf("\nA : %d",a); prints the value of a which is 5, this is the result after using -= operator.
  • return 0; The return 0; statement is used to indicate that the main function has completed successfully. The value 0 is returned as the exit status of the program, which indicates a successful execution.

When you run this code, it will perform the compound assignment operation on variables and print the results in the console.

Source Code

List of programs.

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  • Malloc Function in C Program
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  • Realloc Function in C Program
  • Free Function in C Program
  • Dangling Pointer in C Program
  • Using Const in Pointer in C Program
  • Structure in C Program
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  • Typedef in C Program
  • Initializing & Accessing the Structure Members in C Program
  • Access members of structure using pointer in C Program
  • Structure as function arguments in C Program
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  • Shop Management using Structure and Union in C Program
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  • Preprocessor Directives in C Program
  • Read File in C Program
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  • Multiplication tables in C Program
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  • Display Fibonacci Sequence in C Program
  • Greatest of n numbers in an array in C Program

Sample Programs

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  • Check Vowel or Consonent
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Conditional Operators in C

  • Find Greatest Number
  • Check Find Smallest Number
  • Check Number Equal or Not
  • Check Char. Vowel or Consonent
  • Check Character Capital or Small

Goto Statement in C

  • Consecutive Numbers
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  • Print Odd Numbers
  • Printing Tables
  • Printing Sum of Values
  • Printing Reverse Table
  • Print Factorial in C

While Loop Example Programs

  • Print numbers using While Loop
  • Armstrong Number using While Loop
  • Print Odd and Even numbers
  • Print Positive and Negative numbers
  • Print Prime or Composite Number Upto Limit
  • Print Prime or Composite Number
  • Reverse table using While Loop
  • Print table using While Loop
  • Covert Decimal to Binary using While Loop

Looping Statements in C

For loop example programs.

  • Print Value upto limit
  • Print Number upto limit
  • Armstrong Number using For Loop
  • Square Pattern using For Loop
  • Flag Pattern using For Loop
  • Diamond Pattern using For Loop
  • Triangle Facing Downward using For Loop
  • Triangle Facing upside using For Loop
  • Right Angle Triangle facing left
  • Right Angle Triangle facing right
  • Reverse Number using For Loop
  • Prime Number using For Loop
  • Print Number divisible by 7
  • Print tables using For Loop
  • Reverse tables using For Loop
  • Separate odd and even numbers
  • Check prime or composite number
  • Separate positive and negative number
  • For Loop Patterns
  • Square Pattern Outline using For Loop
  • Triangle Outline Pattern
  • Diamond Pattern Outline

Array Examples in C

One dimensional array.

  • Add Elements to the Array
  • Arrange array elements in Ascending
  • Arrange array elements in Descending
  • Insert an element using Array
  • Update an element using Array
  • Delete an element using Array
  • Interchange an element using Array
  • Reverse an element using Array
  • Odd or Even Number using Array
  • Positive and Negative Numbers using Array
  • Armstrong Number 100 to 999
  • Greatest Number using Array
  • Smallest Number using Array
  • Print values divisible by 7 using Array
  • Convert binary to decimal using Array
  • Convert decimal to binary using Array
  • Convert decimal to octal using Array

Two Dimensional Array in C

  • Print Two Dimensional Array
  • Array Addition in Two-Dimenional Array
  • Array Subtraction in Two-Dimensional Array
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Understanding Compound Assignment Operators in C

Understanding compound assignment operators in c - a web page design perspective, introduction, welcome to our web page design guide on compound assignment operators in c.

At [Your Company Name], we believe in creating visually appealing and informative content. In this guide, we'll delve into the world of Compound Assignment Operators in C and explore how they can be utilized to enhance efficiency and readability in your code.

Section 1: What are Compound Assignment Operators?

Compound Assignment Operators in C are a set of operators that combine arithmetic and assignment operations into a single step. They are a convenient way to update the value of a variable based on its current value.

Consider the following code snippet:

In this example, the += operator adds 3 to the current value of x and assigns the result back to x.

Section 2: Commonly Used Compound Assignment Operators

1. += (addition assignment).

This operator adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

2. -= (Subtraction Assignment)

This operator subtracts the right operand from the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

3. *= (Multiplication Assignment)

This operator multiplies the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

4. /= (Division Assignment)

This operator divides the left operand by the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

5. %= (Modulus Assignment)

This operator performs a modulus operation on the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

Section 3: Advantages of Using Compound Assignment Operators

1. conciseness and readability.

By combining the operation and assignment, compound operators make code more concise and easier to read.

2. Improved Efficiency

They can lead to more efficient code execution, especially in situations where the same variable is used in multiple operations.

3. Reduced Risk of Errors

Using compound assignment operators reduces the chance of making mistakes that can occur when writing separate arithmetic and assignment statements.

Section 4: Best Practices for Utilizing Compound Assignment Operators

1. use appropriately.

While compound assignment operators are powerful tools, it's essential to use them judiciously. Overuse or misuse can lead to code that is difficult to understand.

2. Ensure Compatibility

Make sure that the operands on both sides of the operator are compatible. For example, adding an integer to a float using += might lead to unexpected results.

3. Comment for Clarity

In complex operations, consider adding comments to explain the logic behind the use of compound assignment operators.

Congratulations! You've now gained a solid understanding of Compound Assignment Operators in C from a web page design perspective. By incorporating these operators into your code, you can create more efficient and readable programs. If you have any further questions or need assistance with web page design, feel free to reach out to us at [Your Contact Information].

Happy coding!

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Compound-assignment operators provide a shorter syntax for assigning the result of an arithmetic or bitwise operator. They perform the operation on the two operands before assigning the result to the first operand.

Compound-Assignment Operators in Java

Java supports 11 compound-assignment operators:

Example Usage

To assign the result of an addition operation to a variable using the standard syntax:

But use a compound-assignment operator to effect the same outcome with the simpler syntax:

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Assignment Operators In C [ Full Information With Examples ]

Assignment Operators In C

Assignment Operators In C

Assignment operators is a binary operator which is used to assign values in a variable , with its right and left sides being a one-one operand. The operand on the left side is variable in which the value is assigned and the right side operands can contain any of the constant, variable, and expression.

The Assignment operator is a lower priority operator. its priority has much lower than the rest of the other operators. Its priority is more than just the comma operator. The priority of all other operators is more than the assignment operator.

We can assign the same value to multiple variables simultaneously by the assignment operator.

x = y = z = 100

Here x, y, and z are initialized to 100.

In C language, the assignment operator can be divided into two categories.

  • Simple assignment operator
  • Compound assignment operators

1. Simple Assignment Operator In C

This operator is used to assign left-side values ​​to the right-side operands, simple assignment operators are represented by (=).

2. Compound Assignment Operators In C

Compound Assignment Operators use the old value of a variable to calculate its new value and reassign the value obtained from the calculation to the same variable.

Examples of compound assignment operators are: (Example: + =, – =, * =, / =,% =, & =, ^ =)

Look at these two statements:

Here in this example, adding 5 to the x variable in the second statement is again being assigned to the x variable.

Compound Assignment Operators provide us with the C language to perform such operation even more effecient and in less time.

Syntax of Compound Assignment Operators

Here op can be any arithmetic operators (+, -, *, /,%).

The above statement is equivalent to the following depending on the function:

Let us now know about some important compound assignment operators one by one.

“+ =” -: This operator adds the right operand to the left operand and assigns the output to the left operand.

“- =” -: This operator subtracts the right operand from the left operand and returns the result to the left operand.

“* =” -: This operator multiplies the right operand with the left operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

“/ =” -: This operator splits the left operand with the right operand and assigns the result to the left operand.

“% =” -: This operator takes the modulus using two operands and assigns the result to the left operand.

There are many other assignment operators such as left shift and (<< =) operator, right shift and operator (>> =), bitwise and assignment operator (& =), bitwise OR assignment operator (^ =)

List of Assignment Operators In C

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Assignment and shorthand assignment operator in C

Quick links.

  • Shorthand assignment

Assignment operator is used to assign value to a variable (memory location). There is a single assignment operator = in C. It evaluates expression on right side of = symbol and assigns evaluated value to left side the variable.

For example consider the below assignment table.

The RHS of assignment operator must be a constant, expression or variable. Whereas LHS must be a variable (valid memory location).

Shorthand assignment operator

C supports a short variant of assignment operator called compound assignment or shorthand assignment. Shorthand assignment operator combines one of the arithmetic or bitwise operators with assignment operator.

For example, consider following C statements.

The above expression a = a + 2 is equivalent to a += 2 .

Similarly, there are many shorthand assignment operators. Below is a list of shorthand assignment operators in C.

Compound assignment operators

The compound assignment operators consist of a binary operator and the simple assignment operator. They perform the operation of the binary operator on both operands and store the result of that operation into the left operand, which must be a modifiable lvalue.

The following table shows the operand types of compound assignment expressions:

Note that the expression

is equivalent to

The following table lists the compound assignment operators and shows an expression using each operator:

Although the equivalent expression column shows the left operands (from the example column) twice, it is in effect evaluated only once.

C Programming Tutorial

  • Assignment Operator in C

Last updated on July 27, 2020

We have already used the assignment operator ( = ) several times before. Let's discuss it here in detail. The assignment operator ( = ) is used to assign a value to the variable. Its general format is as follows:

The operand on the left side of the assignment operator must be a variable and operand on the right-hand side must be a constant, variable or expression. Here are some examples:

The precedence of the assignment operator is lower than all the operators we have discussed so far and it associates from right to left.

We can also assign the same value to multiple variables at once.

here x , y and z are initialized to 100 .

Since the associativity of the assignment operator ( = ) is from right to left. The above expression is equivalent to the following:

Note that expressions like:

are called assignment expression. If we put a semicolon( ; ) at the end of the expression like this:

then the assignment expression becomes assignment statement.

Compound Assignment Operator #

Assignment operations that use the old value of a variable to compute its new value are called Compound Assignment.

Consider the following two statements:

Here the second statement adds 5 to the existing value of x . This value is then assigned back to x . Now, the new value of x is 105 .

To handle such operations more succinctly, C provides a special operator called Compound Assignment operator.

The general format of compound assignment operator is as follows:

where op can be any of the arithmetic operators ( + , - , * , / , % ). The above statement is functionally equivalent to the following:

Note : In addition to arithmetic operators, op can also be >> (right shift), << (left shift), | (Bitwise OR), & (Bitwise AND), ^ (Bitwise XOR). We haven't discussed these operators yet.

After evaluating the expression, the op operator is then applied to the result of the expression and the current value of the variable (on the RHS). The result of this operation is then assigned back to the variable (on the LHS). Let's take some examples: The statement:

is equivalent to x = x + 5; or x = x + (5); .

Similarly, the statement:

is equivalent to x = x * 2; or x = x * (2); .

Since, expression on the right side of op operator is evaluated first, the statement:

is equivalent to x = x * (y + 1) .

The precedence of compound assignment operators are same and they associate from right to left (see the precedence table ).

The following table lists some Compound assignment operators:

The following program demonstrates Compound assignment operators in action:

Expected Output:

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Assignment operators.

Assignment and compound assignment operators are binary operators that modify the variable to their left using the value to their right.

[ edit ] Simple assignment

The simple assignment operator expressions have the form

Assignment performs implicit conversion from the value of rhs to the type of lhs and then replaces the value in the object designated by lhs with the converted value of rhs .

Assignment also returns the same value as what was stored in lhs (so that expressions such as a = b = c are possible). The value category of the assignment operator is non-lvalue (so that expressions such as ( a = b ) = c are invalid).

rhs and lhs must satisfy one of the following:

  • both lhs and rhs have compatible struct or union type, or..
  • rhs must be implicitly convertible to lhs , which implies
  • both lhs and rhs have arithmetic types , in which case lhs may be volatile -qualified or atomic (since C11)
  • both lhs and rhs have pointer to compatible (ignoring qualifiers) types, or one of the pointers is a pointer to void, and the conversion would not add qualifiers to the pointed-to type. lhs may be volatile or restrict (since C99) -qualified or atomic (since C11) .
  • lhs is a (possibly qualified or atomic (since C11) ) pointer and rhs is a null pointer constant such as NULL or a nullptr_t value (since C23)

[ edit ] Notes

If rhs and lhs overlap in memory (e.g. they are members of the same union), the behavior is undefined unless the overlap is exact and the types are compatible .

Although arrays are not assignable, an array wrapped in a struct is assignable to another object of the same (or compatible) struct type.

The side effect of updating lhs is sequenced after the value computations, but not the side effects of lhs and rhs themselves and the evaluations of the operands are, as usual, unsequenced relative to each other (so the expressions such as i = ++ i ; are undefined)

Assignment strips extra range and precision from floating-point expressions (see FLT_EVAL_METHOD ).

In C++, assignment operators are lvalue expressions, not so in C.

[ edit ] Compound assignment

The compound assignment operator expressions have the form

The expression lhs @= rhs is exactly the same as lhs = lhs @ ( rhs ) , except that lhs is evaluated only once.

[ edit ] References

  • C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):
  • 6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 72-73)
  • C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
  • 6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 101-104)
  • C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
  • 6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 91-93)
  • C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
  • 3.3.16 Assignment operators

[ edit ] See Also

Operator precedence

[ edit ] See also

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Assignment Operators In C++

In C++, the assignment operator forms the backbone of many algorithms and computational processes by performing a simple operation like assigning a value to a variable. It is denoted by equal sign ( = ) and provides one of the most basic operations in any programming language that is used to assign some value to the variables in C++ or in other words, it is used to store some kind of information.

The right-hand side value will be assigned to the variable on the left-hand side. The variable and the value should be of the same data type.

The value can be a literal or another variable of the same data type.

Compound Assignment Operators

In C++, the assignment operator can be combined into a single operator with some other operators to perform a combination of two operations in one single statement. These operators are called Compound Assignment Operators. There are 10 compound assignment operators in C++:

  • Addition Assignment Operator ( += )
  • Subtraction Assignment Operator ( -= )
  • Multiplication Assignment Operator ( *= )
  • Division Assignment Operator ( /= )
  • Modulus Assignment Operator ( %= )
  • Bitwise AND Assignment Operator ( &= )
  • Bitwise OR Assignment Operator ( |= )
  • Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator ( ^= )
  • Left Shift Assignment Operator ( <<= )
  • Right Shift Assignment Operator ( >>= )

Lets see each of them in detail.

1. Addition Assignment Operator (+=)

In C++, the addition assignment operator (+=) combines the addition operation with the variable assignment allowing you to increment the value of variable by a specified expression in a concise and efficient way.

This above expression is equivalent to the expression:

2. Subtraction Assignment Operator (-=)

The subtraction assignment operator (-=) in C++ enables you to update the value of the variable by subtracting another value from it. This operator is especially useful when you need to perform subtraction and store the result back in the same variable.

3. Multiplication Assignment Operator (*=)

In C++, the multiplication assignment operator (*=) is used to update the value of the variable by multiplying it with another value.

4. Division Assignment Operator (/=)

The division assignment operator divides the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

5. Modulus Assignment Operator (%=)

The modulus assignment operator calculates the remainder when the variable on the left is divided by the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

6. Bitwise AND Assignment Operator (&=)

This operator performs a bitwise AND between the variable on the left and the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

7. Bitwise OR Assignment Operator (|=)

The bitwise OR assignment operator performs a bitwise OR between the variable on the left and the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

8. Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator (^=)

The bitwise XOR assignment operator performs a bitwise XOR between the variable on the left and the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

9. Left Shift Assignment Operator (<<=)

The left shift assignment operator shifts the bits of the variable on the left to left by the number of positions specified on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

10. Right Shift Assignment Operator (>>=)

The right shift assignment operator shifts the bits of the variable on the left to the right by a number of positions specified on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

Also, it is important to note that all of the above operators can be overloaded for custom operations with user-defined data types to perform the operations we want.

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  • Assignment Statement

An Assignment statement is a statement that is used to set a value to the variable name in a program .

Assignment statement allows a variable to hold different types of values during its program lifespan. Another way of understanding an assignment statement is, it stores a value in the memory location which is denoted by a variable name.

Assignment Statement Method

The symbol used in an assignment statement is called as an operator . The symbol is ‘=’ .

Note: The Assignment Operator should never be used for Equality purpose which is double equal sign ‘==’.

The Basic Syntax of Assignment Statement in a programming language is :

variable = expression ;

variable = variable name

expression = it could be either a direct value or a math expression/formula or a function call

Few programming languages such as Java, C, C++ require data type to be specified for the variable, so that it is easy to allocate memory space and store those values during program execution.

data_type variable_name = value ;

In the above-given examples, Variable ‘a’ is assigned a value in the same statement as per its defined data type. A data type is only declared for Variable ‘b’. In the 3 rd line of code, Variable ‘a’ is reassigned the value 25. The 4 th line of code assigns the value for Variable ‘b’.

Assignment Statement Forms

This is one of the most common forms of Assignment Statements. Here the Variable name is defined, initialized, and assigned a value in the same statement. This form is generally used when we want to use the Variable quite a few times and we do not want to change its value very frequently.

Tuple Assignment

Generally, we use this form when we want to define and assign values for more than 1 variable at the same time. This saves time and is an easy method. Note that here every individual variable has a different value assigned to it.

(Code In Python)

Sequence Assignment

(Code in Python)

Multiple-target Assignment or Chain Assignment

In this format, a single value is assigned to two or more variables.

Augmented Assignment

In this format, we use the combination of mathematical expressions and values for the Variable. Other augmented Assignment forms are: &=, -=, **=, etc.

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  • Access Modifier
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  • Type Modifier

Few Rules for Assignment Statement

Few Rules to be followed while writing the Assignment Statements are:

  • Variable names must begin with a letter, underscore, non-number character. Each language has its own conventions.
  • The Data type defined and the variable value must match.
  • A variable name once defined can only be used once in the program. You cannot define it again to store other types of value.
  • If you assign a new value to an existing variable, it will overwrite the previous value and assign the new value.

FAQs on Assignment Statement

Q1. Which of the following shows the syntax of an  assignment statement ?

  • variablename = expression ;
  • expression = variable ;
  • datatype = variablename ;
  • expression = datatype variable ;

Answer – Option A.

Q2. What is an expression ?

  • Same as statement
  • List of statements that make up a program
  • Combination of literals, operators, variables, math formulas used to calculate a value
  • Numbers expressed in digits

Answer – Option C.

Q3. What are the two steps that take place when an  assignment statement  is executed?

  • Evaluate the expression, store the value in the variable
  • Reserve memory, fill it with value
  • Evaluate variable, store the result
  • Store the value in the variable, evaluate the expression.

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Compound Assignment Operators in C++

The compound assignment operators are specified in the form e1 op= e2, where e1 is a modifiable l-value not of const type and e2 is one of the following −

  • An arithmetic type
  • A pointer, if op is + or –

The e1 op= e2 form behaves as e1 = e1 op e2, but e1 is evaluated only once.

The following are the compound assignment operators in C++ −

Let's have a look at an example using some of these operators −

This will give the output −

Note that Compound assignment to an enumerated type generates an error message. If the left operand is of a pointer type, the right operand must be of a pointer type or it must be a constant expression that evaluates to 0. If the left operand is of an integral type, the right operand must not be of a pointer type.

Govinda Sai

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Assignment chem

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  1. What is Compound Assignment Statement in C language

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  2. Compound Assignment Operators in C Programming Language

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  4. Assignment Operators in C++

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  1. Augmented assignment operators in C

  2. Lesson16 Compound assignment with Arithmetic Operators & Assignment By Reference

  3. Assignment Operator in C Programming

  4. Java Compound Assignment Operators

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  6. Part 31 || If Statement || If Condition || If Selection Control Structure || If || Condition of if

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  1. C Compound Assignment

    The compound-assignment operators combine the simple-assignment operator with another binary operator. Compound-assignment operators perform the operation specified by the additional operator, then assign the result to the left operand. For example, a compound-assignment expression such as. expression1 += expression2. can be understood as.

  2. c

    What is the real advantage of using compound assignment in C/C++ (or may be applicable to many other programming languages as well)? #include <stdio.h> int main() { int exp1=20; int b=10; // exp1=exp1+b; exp1+=b; return 0; }; ... SO post1, SO Post2. But the advantage says exp1 is evaluated only once in case of compound statement. How exp1 is ...

  3. Compound Statement in C: Examples, Differences & Usage

    Compound Statement in C: Programming Example Missing Simple vs Compound Explained StudySmarterOriginal! ... These statements can include variable declarations, assignment statements, or control structures. A compound statement is also known as a block and is commonly used in if statements, loops, and function bodies for better readability and ...

  4. C

    A special case scenario for all the compound assigned operators. int i= 2 ; i+= 2 * 2 ; //equals to, i = i+(2*2); In all the compound assignment operators, the expression on the right side of = is always calculated first and then the compound assignment operator will start its functioning. Hence in the last code, statement i+=2*2; is equal to i ...

  5. Assignment Operators in C

    Different types of assignment operators are shown below: 1. "=": This is the simplest assignment operator. This operator is used to assign the value on the right to the variable on the left. Example: 2. "+=": This operator is combination of '+' and '=' operators.

  6. Assignment operators

    for assignments to class type objects, the right operand could be an initializer list only when the assignment is defined by a user-defined assignment operator. removed user-defined assignment constraint. CWG 1538. C++11. E1 ={E2} was equivalent to E1 = T(E2) ( T is the type of E1 ), this introduced a C-style cast. it is equivalent to E1 = T{E2}

  7. Using Compound Assignment Operators in C: A Beginner's Guide

    The code is a C program that demonstrates the use of compound assignment operators in C. Here is an explanation of each line of the code: int a=10,b=5; declares two variables a and b of type int and assigns them the values 10 and 5 respectively. a+=b; is the compound assignment operator +=, it performs a+b and assigns the value to a. It is equivalent to a=a+b.

  8. Exploring Compound Assignment Operators in C

    Section 3: Advantages of Using Compound Assignment Operators. 1. Conciseness and Readability. By combining the operation and assignment, compound operators make code more concise and easier to read. 2. Improved Efficiency. They can lead to more efficient code execution, especially in situations where the same variable is used in multiple ...

  9. What Is a Compound-Assignment Operator?

    Compound-Assignment Operators. Compound-assignment operators provide a shorter syntax for assigning the result of an arithmetic or bitwise operator. They perform the operation on the two operands before assigning the result to the first operand.

  10. Assignment Operators In C [ Full Information With Examples ]

    Examples of compound assignment operators are: (Example: + =, - =, * =, / =,% =, & =, ^ =) Look at these two statements: x = 100; x = x + 5; Here in this example, adding 5 to the x variable in the second statement is again being assigned to the x variable. Compound Assignment Operators provide us with the C language to perform such operation ...

  11. Assignment and shorthand assignment operator in C

    C supports a short variant of assignment operator called compound assignment or shorthand assignment. Shorthand assignment operator combines one of the arithmetic or bitwise operators with assignment operator. For example, consider following C statements. The above expression a = a + 2 is equivalent to a += 2.

  12. Compound assignment operators

    The compound assignment operators consist of a binary operator and the simple assignment operator. They perform the operation of the binary operator on both operands and store the result of that operation into the left operand, which must be a modifiable lvalue. The following table shows the operand types of compound assignment expressions:

  13. Assignment Operator in C

    Here the second statement adds 5 to the existing value of x. This value is then assigned back to x. Now, the new value of x is 105. To handle such operations more succinctly, C provides a special operator called Compound Assignment operator. The general format of compound assignment operator is as follows:

  14. Compound Statements in C++

    Compound Statements in C++. Compound statements in C++ are blocks used to group multiple statements together into a single unit. These statements are enclosed in curly braces {} and can be used wherever a single statement is expected. The statements put inside curly braces are executed just like a single statement would have been executed.

  15. syntax

    To initialize a scalar object using a list enclosed in braces you may use only one assignment expression and neither statements. This construction. int i = ({(void) 999; 100;}); is also an invalid C construction. However a compound statement enclosed in parentheses may appear as an expression in GNU C. It is its own language extension.

  16. Assignment operators

    Assignment performs implicit conversion from the value of rhs to the type of lhs and then replaces the value in the object designated by lhs with the converted value of rhs . Assignment also returns the same value as what was stored in lhs (so that expressions such as a = b = c are possible). The value category of the assignment operator is non ...

  17. Assignment Operators In C++

    Compound Assignment Operators. In C++, the assignment operator can be combined into a single operator with some other operators to perform a combination of two operations in one single statement. These operators are called Compound Assignment Operators. There are 10 compound assignment operators in C++: Addition Assignment Operator ( += )

  18. What are Assignment Statement: Definition, Assignment Statement ...

    Assignment Statement. An Assignment statement is a statement that is used to set a value to the variable name in a program. Assignment statement allows a variable to hold different types of values during its program lifespan. Another way of understanding an assignment statement is, it stores a value in the memory location which is denoted.

  19. Compound Assignment Operators in C++

    The compound assignment operators are specified in the form e1 op= e2, where e1 is a modifiable l-value not of const type and e2 is one of the following −. The e1 op= e2 form behaves as e1 = e1 op e2, but e1 is evaluated only once. The following are the compound assignment operators in C++ −. Multiply the value of the first operand by the ...

  20. What is the use of >>= or <<= compound assignment in c++?

    those are called compound assignment operators. There are almost 10 of them in C/C++ language. ex += -= *= <<= >>=. When one of the operand is same as the variable to which final result to be assigned is same, in a binary operation this can be used as a short hand syntax. Ex a=a+b can be written as a+=b. in the same a=a<<2 can be written as a<<=2.

  21. Assignment chem (pdf)

    The same compound C. Completely different and not constitutional isomers 4. Which of the following is a Newman projection for the following compound as viewed down the indicated bond in the conformation shown? 5. Which of the following is/are a Newman projection of an eclipsed conformer? 6.

  22. Israeli Strikes on Aid Convoy Prompts Condemnation and an Apology From

    Israeli strikes on an aid convoy in the Gaza Strip that killed seven workers for the charity group World Central Kitchen set off international outrage and prompted an unusual apology from the ...