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25 High-Paying Jobs That Don't Require a 4-Year Degree

11 Min Read | Dec 19, 2023

What do Henry Ford, Walt Disney and Rachael Ray have in common?

They’re influential people with successful careers who never earned a bachelor’s degree. History is full of movers and shakers who carved their own path—far away from traditional education. Despite what our culture, your parents, or your own inner critic tell you, there are plenty of high-paying and fulfilling jobs that don’t require a degree.

Guess who else never earned a college degree? Yours truly. Yes, folks, you read that right! I left undergrad to work on a political campaign that opened incredible doors of opportunity. By the time I was 23, I had a job offer to work for the governor. I’ve never needed to go back to school because my career path didn’t require it.

Now hear me on this: While you may not need a bachelor’s degree, you do need an education! Some of these jobs we’re going to talk about require an associate degree, some trade school, and others specific certifications or apprenticeships. But here’s the bottom line: You can earn good money and enjoy meaningful work without spending four years at college.

Check out these 25 high-paying jobs (from lowest to highest salary ) that don’t require a bachelor’s degree!

25. Solar Photovoltaic Installer

Median salary: $47,670 Education needed: high school diploma, on-the-job training Job growth: 27%

These guys and gals install and maintain solar systems that convert sunlight into energy. This job involves travel to various homes and businesses. If you like being active and outdoors, this could be a great fit for you! And as this becomes a more popular energy source, we’ll see the demand for this job increase. Folks, 51% is an astronomical growth rate!  

[Note: All median salary calculations are taken from 2023 data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics . ]

24. Masonry Worker

Median salary: $48,040 Education needed: high school diploma, on-the-job training Job growth: -2%

Masons work with brick, stone and concrete to build and repair various structures. But it’s no walk in the park, folks! It’s a physically demanding job that requires heavy lifting and a lot of kneeling and standing.

23. Licensed Practical Nurse

Median salary: $48,070 Education needed: postsecondary nondegree award Job growth: 6%

Licensed practical nurses (LPNs) work with doctors and registered nurses (RNs) to assist with patient care. They take vital signs, administer medication, and complete paperwork. Unlike an RN, LPNs don’t require a college degree. You can attend an accredited program at a vocational school to get the necessary training. 

22. Carpenter

Median salary: $48,260 Education needed: high school diploma, apprenticeship Job growth: 2%

This age-old profession isn’t growing much, but it remains a consistent way for people to create beautiful and functional things with their hands. Carpenters learn by working with a master of the trade in a formal or informal apprenticeship.

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21. Surgical Technologist

Median salary: $48,510 Education needed: postsecondary nondegree award or associate degree Job growth: 6%

Surgical techs work with surgeons and nurses to perform operations. They make sure the room is ready for the surgery, prepare all the instruments, and provide the physicians with the tools they need throughout the surgery. 

20. Real Estate Agent

Median salary: $48,770 Education needed: high school diploma, licensing requirements vary by state Job growth: 5% 

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Real estate agents (or brokers) work with clients to buy and sell homes. The neat thing about real estate is that it’s commission-based, so you eat what you kill. You can put in lots of hours and effort to grow your business, or you can work on a more flexible and part-time schedule. To really succeed as a real estate agent, you must enjoy sales and working with people. 

19. Sound Engineering Technician

Median salary: $48,790 Education needed: postsecondary nondegree award or associate degree Job growth: 10%

Sound techs set up and run sound systems for media events. The most common industries for sound techs are radio, TV, recording studios and movies. This is typically a high-energy, fast-paced job that involves lots of travel and weekend work.

18. Firefighter

Median salary: $50,700 Education needed: postsecondary nondegree award Job growth: 4%

Lots of kids dream of becoming a firefighter when they’re wondering what to do with their lives when they grow up. Because honestly, firefighters are heroes! They rescue people, animals, buildings and the environment by extinguishing dangerous fires. Becoming a firefighter is a competitive process and will also likely require becoming an emergency medical technician (EMT).  

17. Sheet Metal Worker

Median salary: $53,440 Education needed: high school diploma, apprenticeship Job growth: -1%

Sheet metal workers are can be employed in construction or manufacturing. They create and install products from thin metal sheets. It’s a physically demanding job that requires lifting, bending and squatting.

16. Wind Turbine Technician

Median salary: $56,260 Education needed: postsecondary nondegree award, on-the-job training Job growth: 44%

Wind turbines are those huge white pinwheels that dot the plains of Kansas and other windy parts of the country. As they become a popular source of alternative energy, the job demand for technicians is skyrocketing! Technicians works to install and maintain wind turbines. For this job, you must be willing to spend a lot of time outside, and it’s not recommended for people who are scared of heights.

15. Plumber

Median salary: $56,330 Education needed: high school diploma, apprenticeship Job growth: 4%

Plumbers install and repair piping systems in homes, factories and businesses. Because plumbers often respond to urgent calls (nothing is worse than a busted toilet!), they’re expected to work occasional nights and weekends.   

14. Hearing Aid Specialist

Median salary: $59,500 Education needed: high school diploma Job growth: 16%

Hearing aid specialists work with audiologists to fit, fix and maintain hearing aids for patients. They also conduct screenings and tests to ensure that the hearing aids are working well. This position offers a mix of technical and interpersonal work. Best of all, you get to give people the gift of hearing, which is simply fantastic!  

13. Electrician

Median salary: $59,880 Education needed: high school diploma, apprenticeship Job growth: 2%

If working with wires sparks your interest (sorry, dad joke), then you might consider becoming an electrician. You can attend a technical school or find an apprenticeship for on-the-job training. Electricians bring power to buildings, homes, transmission lines and a variety of equipment.

12. Occupational Therapy Assistant

Median salary: $61,520 Education needed: associate degree Job growth: 25%

Occupational therapy is all about helping people learn and practice skills to live and work. Most occupational therapy takes place after someone has had an accident, or for elderly people who need help performing daily tasks around their homes. Occupational therapy assistants work with therapists and doctors to help patients in hospitals, nursing homes and therapy offices. It’s an active and interactive job that gives you plenty of opportunities to work with people! Plus, the job growth prospects are looking solid.

11. Radiologic and MRI Technologists

Median salary: $61,980 Education needed: associate degree Job growth: 6%

Both x-rays and MRIs are diagnostic tools that help physicians and patients understand what is going on inside the body. Techs are the workers who actually run the tests and work with physicians to get the information needed in order to make a diagnosis and treat patients.

10. Wholesale and Manufacturing Sales Representatives

Median salary: $62,890 Education needed: varies, on-the-job training Job growth: 4%

Sales reps can work in a variety of products and industries. Many positions are available to people with a high school diploma, but if you’re wanting to get into a more technical product, like medical instruments, you might need a bachelor’s degree.

9. Executive Assistant

Median salary: $63,110 Education needed: high school diploma Job growth: -20% 

Executive assistants assist leaders in businesses or nonprofits. They manage the executive’s schedule, communicate on their behalf, and perform a wide variety of office tasks to keep the organization running. They’re the behind-the-scenes support to the most powerful men and women in any given organization.

8. Police Officers and Detectives 

Median salary: $66,020 Education needed: varies Job growth: 3%

Law enforcement is a demanding, exciting and rewarding career. Obviously, it’s pretty straightforward: Protect those under your care, get the bad guys, and solve the case. Most positions do not require anything beyond a high school diploma, but certain positions prefer hiring candidates with an associate or bachelor’s degree, so going back to college might be worth it .

7. Aerospace Technician

Median salary: $73,580 Education needed: associate degree Job growth: 6% 

If you’ve always had a fascination with planes and enjoy technical work, then you might consider becoming an aerospace technician. You’ll work with aircrafts or spacecrafts to test and calibrate systems, as well as install and repair various parts. 

6. Diagnostic Medical Sonographers/Cardiovascular Technologists

Median salary: $75,380 Education needed: associate degree Job growth: 10%

Sonographers use medical equipment to create images of organs, tissues and blood vessels that allow people to understand what’s going on inside their bodies. Cardiovascular techs work with physicians to perform complex procedures related to heart health, such as inserting stents or pacemakers. They also help perform tests to diagnose cardiac health problems in patients.

These jobs are experiencing higher than average growth, which means you should have plenty of employment opportunities if you go this route!

5. Dental Hygienist

Median salary: $77,810 Education needed: associate degree Job growth: 9%

While cleaning teeth may not be for everyone, dental hygienists get a chance to impact their patients’ lives by take caring of their oral health. They screen patients, take x-rays, remove plaque from teeth, and counsel patients about good hygiene and nutrition habits. Most programs take three years to complete, and you must pass the National Board Dental Hygiene Exam in order to practice.

4. Web Developer

Median salary: $78,300 Education needed: associate degree Job growth: 23%

Web developers blend a unique set of technical and creative skills to design and build websites. This is a high-demand job that you can find in a variety of agencies or businesses. Or you can even strike out on your own as a freelancer if you’re willing to make solid connections . And the pay is great!

3. Nuclear Technician

Median salary: $84,190 Education needed: associate degree Job growth: -19%

Nuclear techs work in nuclear power plants and use computers and other equipment to monitor and run nuclear reactors. They work closely with scientists and engineers. This job offers competitive pay, but keep in mind that it’s on the decline, which means poor job security in the future.

2. Elevator Installer and Repairer

Median salary: $97,860 Education needed: high school diploma Job growth: -17%

This is one of those random jobs that most people take for granted! As it turns out, elevator installers and repairers make good money working with their hands. It’s no surprise that they often work in cramped spaces around heavy machinery. They’re often required to be on call 24 hours a day for repairs. But if you’re afraid of heights, this probably isn’t the job for you!

1. Air Traffic Controller

Median salary: $129,750 Education needed: associate degree Job growth: 1%

Air traffic controllers have the exciting, high-stakes job of directing air traffic from the ground. They sit in those towers with lots of windows that you see at airports. Air traffic controllers often work nights and weekends to keep up with travel schedules. It’s a demanding job with a rewarding result—making sure people take off, travel and land safely!  

What Career Is Right for You?

Don't get me wrong—going to college may very well be the best path for you to pursue a career that lets you use your talents, perform your passions, and create results you care deeply about. But it also may  not  be, and I want you to be open to that possibility.

College degrees have become a status symbol, and we've been told that we're set up to fail in our careers if we don't have one. That we're "less than" if we take a different route after high school. Don't listen to that garbage, folks! The 25 jobs we just looked at—and plenty of others—are proof that you can excel and be fulfilled without a degree.

You  are the secret sauce to your success in life, not a fancy (and expensive) sheet of paper.

1. Start tuning in to  The Ken Coleman Show   to hear more career tips and strategies. You can even call in to the show at 844-747-2577 or email your questions to  [email protected] .

2. Look through the list we just went over to see if any of those potential roles stand out to you. Do any of them fit within your  talents  or  passions ?

3. To really get clear on what role is right for you, check out my free  Career Clarity Guide . Discovering what you were created to do isn’t easy, but it’s worth it.

Did you find this article helpful? Share it!

About the author

Ken Coleman

Ken Coleman is a career expert and author of the national bestselling book From Paycheck to Purpose and the #1 national bestseller The Proximity Principle. He hosts The Ken Coleman Show, a nationally syndicated, caller-driven show that helps listeners discover what they were born to do. Ken makes regular appearances on Fox News, and he co-hosts The Ramsey Show, the second-largest talk show in the nation. Through his speaking, broadcasting and syndicated columns, Ken gives people expert career advice, providing strategic steps to grow professionally, land their dream job, and get promoted.  Learn More.

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Trade Schools Home > Articles > Highest-Paying Jobs with Short Career Programs

26 Short Career Programs That Lead to High-Paying Jobs

By Publisher | Last Updated June 7, 2023

Are you eager to start earning good money but not ready to commit to a bachelor's degree? Trade schools and colleges offer short career programs that can qualify you for a professional role that pays well. Plenty of high-paying jobs with little schooling required rival jobs that need a bachelor's or higher, especially when it comes to salary and job outlook.* Areas like healthcare, technology, and skilled trades are full of opportunities.

Is it possible to get a job that pays well without spending four or more years at a traditional college or university? Could trade schools near me offer training that could lead to a good-paying job?

The answer is yes. Absolutely. Many people choose to bypass that longer path and end up with some of America's highest-paying jobs. Without a degree like a bachelor's, they can still out-earn many four-year college graduates.Read on to learn how to prepare for the highest paying jobs without a degree.

So, what does it take? It takes a broader view of your educational options and the enthusiasm to learn what skills are needed in the marketplace. Let this be your introduction to a world of fast careers that pay well. The opportunities for those with just two years or less of trade school or vocational training can be surprising.

High-Paying Jobs With Little Schooling Required

The trouble with many conventional degrees, maximize your return-on-investment (roi) at a trade school.

Following, you'll find some of the best-paying careers with little schooling required. For many, all you need is a simple two-year associate degree. And a months-long diploma or certificate program is often enough for some of the fastest careers to get into. Keep in mind that what you can earn might vary depending on which part of the country you work in and how much experience you have.

1. Dental Hygienist

Cleaning teeth, inspecting mouths for signs of disease, and educating patients about proper oral care are the primary duties of dental hygienists. For quick degrees that pay well, this is a popular option. Dental hygienist training can be completed in as little as two years.

• Median pay: $77,810
• Top pay: $100,200 or more

2. Diagnostic Medical Sonographer

These healthcare technicians use special ultrasound technology to capture images that help doctors correctly diagnose and treat their patients. Most ultrasound techs have an associate degree in diagnostic medical sonography .

• Median pay: $77,740
• Top pay: $101,650 or more

3. Registered Nurse

With just an associate degree in nursing , you can enter the world of providing and coordinating essential care for patients in places like hospitals, nursing facilities, and other healthcare settings.

• Median pay: $77,600
• Top pay: $120,250 or more

4. Web Developer/Digital Interface Designer

Building attractive and functional websites requires plenty of technical skill but not necessarily much schooling, especially if you already enjoy teaching yourself new tricks. Depending on how motivated you are, this could be one of the quickest careers you can get into in tech. While not required, a formal education in web development or design can give you an edge.

• Median pay: $77,030
• Top pay: $129,760 or more

5. Respiratory Therapist

Respiratory therapists help patients breathe effectively, whether they are helping with rehabilitation in a private clinic or placing someone on a ventilator to save their life. COVID-19 has dramatically increased the need for RTs on the front lines in hospitals and in treating lingering or lasting lung damage in those affected by the virus. This means the demand for RTs is high and expected to stay high for some time. Respiratory therapist school can be completed in two years or less.

• Median pay: $61,830
• Top pay: $95,540 or more

6. Cardiovascular Technologist/Technician

These specialists perform tests, take ultrasound images, or provide assistance during surgery for heart-related conditions. Cardiovascular technologist training can typically be completed in one to two years.

• Median pay: $60,570
• Top pay: $98,070 or more

7. Electrician

Training at an electrician trade school and a short apprenticeship are usually enough to enter this trade, letting you wire buildings for electrical power and communications.

• Median pay: $60,040
• Top pay: $99,800 or more

8. Plumber/Pipefitter/Steamfitter

With a short amount of formal plumbing trade school or apprenticeship training, you can specialize in installing and repairing pipes and related equipment.

• Median pay: $59,880
• Top pay: $99,920 or more

9. Commercial Diver

This tradesperson works underwater in special scuba gear to help build, repair, or remove large structures or equipment. For someone who already loves diving, training to dive professionally can be one of the most exciting options among other programs in skilled trades .

• Median pay: $68,300**
• Top pay: $171,470 or more**

10. Paralegal or Legal Assistant

Supporting lawyers by taking care of responsibilities like legal research, administrative tasks, or document drafting is what these well-paid professionals are trained for. An associate degree in legal assisting or paralegal studies can be completed in just two years.

• Median pay: $56,230
• Top pay: $88,640 or more

11. HVAC Technician

These tradespeople install, maintain, and repair the systems that heat and cool our homes, businesses, and other buildings. You can learn to become an HVAC technician in just 8 to 24 months through a short program at an HVAC trade school .

• Median pay: $48,630
• Top pay: $78,210 or more

12. Surgical Technologist

Preparing operating rooms, organizing surgical equipment, and assisting surgeons during operations are a few of the main roles of this kind of healthcare technician. A certificate or diploma in surgical technology can be completed in 9 to 15 months.

• Median pay: $48,530
• Top pay: $75,940 or more

13. Construction Equipment Operator

This skilled trade involves controlling big construction machinery used for building roads or major structures. Businesses are often willing to train on the job. Still, formal heavy equipment training could give you an edge in securing a good job.

• Median pay: $48,290
• Top pay: $84,640 or more

14. Licensed Practical or Vocational Nurse

You do not need a degree to get into this level of nursing, which lets you work alongside doctors and other health professionals after a quick (typically one year) LPN training program .

• Median pay: $48,070
• Top pay: $63,790 or more

15. Clinical Laboratory Technician

Clinical or medical lab technicians collect fluid and tissue samples and perform basic diagnostic tests using special lab equipment. A bachelor's degree is typically required, but an associate degree or certificate in clinical laboratory technology is a great starting point.

• Median pay: $57,800
• Top pay: $79,340 or more

16. Software Developer

Although many developers have bachelor's degrees, other successful people in this field begin their careers with under two years of formal training in software development .

• Median pay: $120,730
• Top pay: $168,570 or more

17. Commercial Pilot (Non-Airline)

You don't need a college degree to fly charters or to get paid for jobs like aerial photography or firefighting missions. But you do need certification from the Federal Aviation Administration . You can prepare for your certification at an aviation school offering short pilot training .

• Median pay: $99,640
• Top pay: $205,940 or more

18. Network Systems Administrator

Looking after the day-to-day needs of an organization's data communications systems is what this technology-based vocation is all about. Networking training ranges from short certificate and diploma programs to degrees and specific vendor certifications.

• Median pay: $80,600
• Top pay: $130,830 or more

19. Automotive Technician

Formal automotive training can prepare you to become a respected technician in an exciting and challenging field. To become a mechanic , you must complete an apprenticeship or a post-secondary program. Many vocational schools offer auto mechanic programs , and some offer apprenticeships and externships.

• Median pay: $46,880
• Top pay: $75,100 or more

20. Electrical or Electronics Engineering Technician

Helping engineers develop and test equipment and devices related to things like computers, health monitoring, communications, or navigation is what this kind of specialist does. Electronics training can take anywhere from four months to two years. Certificate or diploma programs can take four months or more to complete, and associate degree programs are typically 18 to 24 months long.

• Median pay: $63,640
• Top pay: $99,210 or more

21. Police Officer

Requirements vary from agency to agency. In some cases, you can become a viable candidate for police academy training by being in good physical shape and having some criminal justice education. Short career training in law enforcement can be a requirement or an asset.

• Median pay: $66,020
• Top pay: $105,540 or more

22. Aircraft Mechanic

The exciting trade of repairing and maintaining airplanes or helicopters can be learned by getting short FAA-approved aircraft maintenance training from an aviation school .

• Median pay: $65,380
• Top pay: $98,590 or more

23. Mechanical Engineering Technician

With an associate degree in mechanical engineering , you can begin assisting mechanical engineers with developing, testing, and manufacturing things like industrial machines, engines, and tools with moving parts.

• Median pay: $60,460
• Top pay: $95,300 or more

24. Radiologic (X-Ray) Technologist

An X-Ray technologist operates radiologic medical imaging equipment to produce images and media for diagnostic purposes. These types of professionals assist patients before and after imaging; then process and review the results to ensure they are clear enough for diagnosis and evaluation by a doctor. Completing a diploma or certificate program in basic X-Ray or radiologic technology can help you prepare for any required licensing exams.

• Median pay: $61,370
• Top pay: $94,880 or more

Manufacturing, construction, and fabrication usually require welding. Most welders work in the manufacturing sector. However, welders are employed in various other industries, including construction, mining, shipbuilding, power generation, and oil and gas production. The typical way to enter the welding trade is by completing formal welding training , getting certified, and continuing to learn while on the job. By combining classroom education and on-the-job training, employers and unions sometimes offer the opportunity to earn money while learning through a welding apprenticeship .

• Median pay: $47,010
• Top pay: $63,660 or more

26. Diesel Mechanic

In this automotive trade, the focus is on inspecting, repairing, or overhauling large vehicles with diesel engines such as trucks, buses, and rolling machinery used in mining or construction. Diesel mechanic training is offered at vocational and trade schools, usually taking nine to 24 months to complete.

• Median pay: $48,690
• Top pay: $76,150 or more

Many traditional four-year degrees aren't all they're cracked up to be. For example, a 2023 labor market study shows that, on average, people with bachelor's degrees in majors like education and the humanities have some of the lowest earnings of all their peers.

According to a 2019 NCES employment report , more than half of college graduates with a traditional bachelor's degree in science, technology, engineering, or math are not employed in the fields they studied. Science majors often have difficulty finding work in their fields. In many cases, success in these areas requires spending additional time in school to earn master's or doctorate degrees.

The result is that many college graduates who choose the conventional route end up underemployed in jobs like retail or food service. Those who major in science or the liberal arts are especially vulnerable unless they go on to graduate school to increase their opportunities. According to numbers from the Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (OEWS) program, the median annual wage of a retail salesperson in the U.S. was only $30,600. For cashiers, it was even less: $28,240.

Whether traditional college is worth the time and investment often depends on the career you want. You will need to discover if you can achieve your goals without a degree. Often, training at a vocational school is what you need.

In contrast to most traditional four-year institutions, career and technical schools specialize in putting students on a more defined path to succeeding in the job market. And they offer the chance to earn quick degrees or diplomas and complete fast career certification programs. Many of the best,highest-paying entry-level jobs can be attained with only two years or less of focused career education.

That's the real value of short vocational schooling . It's all about getting new opportunities and a positive return on investment (ROI) with the least amount of schooling needed. In this case, ROI refers to the extra amount you can earn in your lifetime as a graduate, after subtracting the cost of schooling and the amount that a typical non-graduate would earn.

Whether looking for easy trades that pay well, a rewarding healthcare career, or the best arts and design options, the ROI of graduating from a vocational college or trade school is often very good since you learn marketable skills and technical abilities that employers need. Plus, your time is valuable. So why spend extra time training when there are great careers with little schooling you can get into sooner?

"I recommend using Trade-Schools.net because you can find the program that you are interested in nearby or online. " Trade-Schools.net User

* Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook . Some careers listed may be part of a combined occupation profile (visited June 7, 2023).

** Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Employment and Wage Statistics (visited June 7, 2023).

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20 Highest-Paying Jobs Without a Degree in 2024

You don't need a four-year degree to land one of the highest-paying jobs, such as special effects artist, security analyst or airline pilot.

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In certain industries, relevant work experience, internships, training and certifications are just as important, if not more important, than graduating with a four-year degree. 

Job applications usually have a minimum educational requirement — some college, an associate degree or a bachelor’s or master’s degree. But with student loan debt topping $1.77 trillion (an increase of 66% over the past ten years), according to the Federal Reserve , you may ask if a four-year college degree is worth it. 

The answer will likely depend on your career choice. Some professions — medical and healthcare providers, lawyers, teachers, nuclear engineers — all require a degree (or degrees). However, some underrepresented career fields welcome applicants who never attended college or didn’t graduate with a four-year degree, and some of these careers pay very well. 

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There are plenty of in-demand careers with a salary higher than $56,420 (the median US annual salary), according to 20 Highest Paying Jobs Without a Degree , a report from the leading career resource platform, Resume Genius . The list spotlights well-paying jobs and their accompanying educational requirements, based on data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics . 

Here are the top 10 highest-paying jobs that don't require a degree.

1. Airline and commercial pilot

• Median annual salary: $148,900 
• Number of jobs: 142,600
• Estimated job growth (2022–2032): 4%
• Educational requirements: Vocational training or Associate’s degree
• Work experience: None, but FAA certifications and flight hours are required

2. Information security analyst

• Median annual salary: $112,000 
• Number of jobs: 168,900
• Estimated job growth (2022–2032): 32%
• Educational requirements: High school diploma or vocational training
• Work experience: None, but relevant certifications are beneficial

3. Elevator and escalator installer and repairer

• Median annual salary: $99,999 
• Number of jobs: 25,100
• Estimated job growth (2022–2032): 1%
• Educational requirements: High school diploma or GED
• Work experience: Apprenticeship

4. Special effects artist and animator

• Median annual salary: $98,950
• Number of jobs: 89,300
• Estimated job growth (2022–2032): 8%
• Educational requirements: High school diploma or vocational training 
• Work experience: Portfolio of work. Certifications can be beneficial

5. Transportation, storage, and distribution manager

• Median annual salary: $98,560
• Number of jobs: 14,600
• Educational requirements: High school diploma or equivalent; certification programs beneficial
• Work experience: Five years in a related field 

6. First-line supervisors of police and detective

• Median annual salary: $96,290 
• Number of jobs: 4,300
• Estimated job growth (2022–2032): 3%
• Educational requirements: High school diploma, police academy training
• Work experience: Several years in the police force

7. Radiation therapist

• Median annual salary: $89,530
• Number of jobs: 15,900
• Estimated job growth (2022–2032): 2%
• Educational requirements: Associate’s degree
• Work experience: Clinical experience/certification

8. Subway and streetcar operator

• Median annual salary: $88,260
• Number of jobs: 300
• Educational requirements: High school diploma
• Work experience: On-the-job training

9. Electrical power-line installer and repairer

• Median annual salary: $82,340 per year
• Number of jobs: 122,400
• Educational requirements: High school diploma. Technical training preferred

10. Dental hygienist

• Median annual salary: $81,400
• Number of jobs: 219,400
• Estimated job growth (2022–2032): 7%
• Educational requirements: Associate’s degree in dental hygiene
• Work experience: Licensing (varies by state)

Along with these ten career fields that offer high wages but do not require a four-year degree, the Resume Genius report also highlighted these ten jobs .

• Web developer
• Medical sonographer
• Police and/or detective
• Flight attendant
• Lodging manager
• Property, real estate, and community association manager
• Electrician
• Telecommunications technician
• Industrial machinery mechanic
• Computer support specialist

Skills-based hiring

Given the soaring cost of college and an explosion in online learning and certificate courses, it's no wonder that students and employers are both looking for non-traditional ways to join the labor force. “A college degree doesn’t mean quite what it used to, and we're witnessing a significant shift towards skills-based hiring," explains Eva Chan, Career Expert at Resume Genius. "This change is creating more accessible opportunities, including a range of lesser-known yet well-paying roles."

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For the past 18+ years, Kathryn has highlighted the humanity in personal finance by shaping stories that identify the opportunities and obstacles in managing a person's finances. All the same, she’ll jump on other equally important topics if needed. Kathryn graduated with a degree in Journalism and lives in Duluth, Minnesota. She joined Kiplinger in 2023 as a contributor.

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25 Best Jobs That Don’t Require a College Degree

You don’t need a college degree to have a rewarding career.

No degree? No problem.

Not having a college degree does not automatically diminish your chances of snagging a high-paying and rewarding job.

Here is a list of the 25 best jobs that don't require a college degree. These include positions open to those with only a high school diploma as well as careers that require some postsecondary education and training.

Note that all the jobs on this list are taken from the U.S. News 100 Best Jobs ranking . Data comes from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

(Getty Images) |

25. Sheet Metal Worker

Median salary: $55,350 Unemployment rate:  4.2% Expected new job openings by 2032: -200

Sheet metal workers fabricate, assemble and maintain sheet metal products. These products can include heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, roofing, siding, and various other metal structures.

You don't need a four-year degree to become a sheet metal worker. Training facilities such as the Sheet Metal Institute offer apprenticeships to candidates with a high school diploma or equivalent.

Learn more about sheet metal workers .

24. Medical Assistant

Median salary: $38,270 Unemployment rate:  3.2% Expected new job openings by 2032: 105,900

Medical assistants are an indispensable part of a medical team. They keep medical offices, clinics and other health care facilities running smoothly by performing a mix of administrative and clinical tasks, such as answering phones, filing insurance forms, preparing blood for lab tests and ensuring medical histories are accurately recorded.

While medical assistants typically don't need to have a four-year degree, many employers prefer job applicants who have completed a postsecondary training program, such as the one-year medical assistant training programs offered at some community colleges and universities.

Learn more about medical assistants .

23. Security Guard

Median salary: $34,750 Unemployment rate:  6.7% Expected new job openings by 2032: -14,900

Security guards protect people, property and assets from potential threats or criminal activities. They work in all kinds of settings, including office buildings, residential complexes, nightclubs, parking lots, retail stores, hospitals and more.

You don’t need a bachelor's degree to become a security guard since most employers provide on-the-job training. However, depending on where you work, you may need to complete CPR training, active shooter training and other requirements.

Learn more about security guards .

(Jonathan Macagba | Getty Images)

22. Bus Driver

Median salary: $50,890 Unemployment rate:  6.2% Expected new job openings by 2032: 8,400

Bus drivers transport passengers from one site to another within designated routes. Most U.S. states require bus drivers to be at least 18 years old and at least 21 to drive across state lines. While you don't need a college degree to become a bus driver, you must have a commercial driver's license, or CDL, and a clean driving record.

Learn more about bus drivers.

21. Carpenter

Median salary: $51,390 Unemployment rate:  4.6% Expected new job openings by 2032: 8,600

Carpenters are tradespeople who work with wood to construct, install, and repair structures and fixtures. They're typically involved in various aspects of construction, including residential, commercial and industrial projects.

Prospective carpenters must complete an apprenticeship program after getting their high school diploma or equivalent. Requirements vary by program, but carpentry apprentices typically need to complete a certain number of hours of technical and on-the-job training in basic carpentry, mathematics, blueprint reading and more.

Learn more about carpenters .

(PhotoAlto | Frederic Cirou

20. Teacher Assistant

Median salary: $30,920 Unemployment rate:  4.5% Expected new job openings by 2032: 900

The role of a teacher assistant can vary depending on the educational level and specific needs of the students. Generally, they assist teachers in various aspects of classroom management and enhance the learning experience for students. While teacher assistants don't need a college degree, they typically have at least an associate degree or have finished at least two years of postgraduate coursework to work in public schools.

Learn more about teacher assistants.

19. Taxi Driver

Median salary: $30,670 Unemployment rate:  5.4% Expected new job openings by 2032: 36,400

Taxi drivers are the unsung heroes of the roads, tirelessly navigating the streets and transporting customers safely from point A to B.

While a college education is not required for this job, many taxi drivers have a high school diploma or equivalent. Depending on the taxi company, on-the-job training usually lasts one to two weeks. Many states also require taxi drivers to have a taxi license. To become a taxi driver, you'll typically need to undergo a background check and have a clean driving record.

Learn more about taxi drivers.

(iStockphoto) |

18. Construction Worker

Median salary: $40,750 Unemployment rate:  7.2% Expected new job openings by 2032: 61,900

Construction workers are jack-of-all-trades professionals who construct, renovate and repair buildings, infrastructure and other structures. Many construction laborers start as generalists, and as they gain experience, they specialize in certain areas such as roofing, pipefitting or carpentry. You don't need formal education to become a construction worker, but on-the-job training is a must.

Learn more about construction workers .

ljubaphoto | Getty Images

17. Auto Mechanic

Median salary: $46,970 Unemployment rate:  1.7% Expected new job openings by 2032: 12,800

Auto mechanics are experts in inspecting, repairing and maintaining vehicles. They're the ones you go to when your car is experiencing issues or in need of routine maintenance. While it's not necessary to earn a formal degree to become an auto technician, completing a postsecondary automotive technology program or vocational training can be helpful.

Learn more about auto mechanics.

16. Optician

Median salary: $39,610 Unemployment rate:  1.5% Expected new job openings by 2032: 2,000

Opticians are professionals who specialize in fitting and dispensing eyeglasses and contact lenses based on prescriptions provided by optometrists or ophthalmologists. They typically work in private practices or in stores that sell eyewear.

You don't need a college degree to become an optician as you'll usually receive on-the-job training. However, many start in apprenticeships or have completed a two-year associate degree in opticianry.

Learn more about opticians.

15. Delivery Truck Driver

Median salary: $40,410 Unemployment rate:  3.7% Expected new job openings by 2032: 133,800

Delivery truck drivers transport packages and shipments in a certain region and may sometimes communicate with customers and distribution centers as part of their work.

Delivery truck drivers generally need a high school diploma or equivalent, but not always. One month or less of on-the-job training, a driver's license from the state they work in, and a clean driving record are also required.

Learn more about delivery truck drivers .

14. Plumber

Median salary: $60,090 Unemployment rate:  3.5% Expected new job openings by 2032: 10,900

Plumbers are tradespeople who install, maintain and repair systems that involve pipes, fixtures and other plumbing components. Most plumbers learn on the job through an apprenticeship and have at least a high school diploma or equivalent. To work independently, a plumber must have a license, and in most states, the prerequisite for this license is two to five years of work experience.

Learn more about plumbers.

13. Ophthalmic Medical Technicians

Median salary: $38,860 Unemployment rate:  3.1% Expected new job openings by 2032: 8,400

Ophthalmic medical technicians help conduct the initial part of a patient's eye examination, which typically includes taking the patient's history, performing refractometry, and assessing visual acuity, pupils and the ocular muscles.

Ophthalmic medical technicians must have a high school diploma or equivalent. They must also receive training on the job.

Learn more about ophthalmic medical technicians .

12. Medical Records Technician

Median salary: $47,180 Unemployment rate:  2.1% Expected new job openings by 2032: 16,500

Medical records technicians, also known as coders or coding specialists, manage patient files and access electronic health records. Aspiring medical records technicians can enter the profession with a high school diploma or equivalent, along with experience working in a health care setting. However, some employers may prefer a postsecondary certificate or an associate degree.

Learn more about medical records technicians .

(zstockphotos) |

11. Solar Photovoltaic Installer

Median salary: $45,230 Unemployment rate:  14.7% Expected new job openings by 2032: 6,600

Solar photovoltaic installers set up and maintain rooftop solar panels or other means of converting sunlight into energy.

As long as you have a high school diploma or equivalent, you can learn the trade on the job, which typically takes a few months to a year. You can also look into certificate programs and technical college courses, which may take a few months to complete.

Learn more about solar photovoltaic installers .

10. Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurse

Median salary: $54,620 Unemployment rate:  2.8% Expected new job openings by 2032: 34,900

Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses perform medical care, including monitoring patient health, providing basic care such as changing bandages, and other duties under the guidance of registered nurses and doctors.

To become one, you must complete an approved educational program and obtain a license. These programs are available in technical schools and community colleges, as well as in some high schools and hospitals.

Learn more about licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses .

(Chris Baldwin | Getty Images)

9. Choreographer

Median salary: $50,990 Unemployment rate:  N/A Expected new job openings by 2032: 300

Musical sensations such as "Glee" or "High School Musical" would not have been so successful without the help of choreographers. Choreographers create dance routines for events, live shows, TV, films, music videos and more. They work closely with dancers, musical directors and other artists to refine their vision for a dance performance.

Choreographers may hone their skills at the high school level. They may also pursue postsecondary education, which is available for many dance styles, including ballet, hip-hop, jazz and other genres.

Learn more about choreographers .

8. Maintenance and Repair Workers

Median salary: $44,980 Unemployment rate:  3.1% Expected new job openings by 2032: 57,200

As their name suggests, maintenance and repair workers maintain and repair machines, equipment and other components within a building. Many maintenance workers enter the field through on-the-job training or apprenticeships. A high school diploma or equivalent is typically required as well.

Learn more about maintenance and repair workers .

(iStockPhoto) |

7. Pharmacy Technician

Median salary: $37,790 Unemployment rate:  3.8% Expected new job openings by 2032: 25,900

Pharmacy technicians assist pharmacists or other health professionals with filling prescriptions. You must have a high school diploma or equivalent to enter the field, although you can also learn while on the job or complete a postsecondary education program in pharmacy technology. In most states, pharmacy technicians must complete formal education and training or pass an exam.

Learn more about pharmacy technicians .

6. Massage Therapist

Median salary: $49,860 Unemployment rate:  1.6% Expected new job openings by 2032: 24,600

Massage therapists help patients relieve pain and stress and heal injuries by manipulating the joints, muscles and other soft tissues of the body. They can specialize in deep tissue, acupressure, reflexology and other areas.

While massage therapists don't typically need a college education, many of them usually have undergone a postsecondary education program since most states require certification or a license to work.

Learn more about massage therapists .

5. Flight Attendant

Median salary: $63,760 Unemployment rate:  0.8% Expected new job openings by 2032: 12,600

Flight attendants are the members of a flight crew responsible for delivering in-flight services, managing emergencies and providing excellent customer service to passengers. To become a flight attendant, you typically need a high school diploma or equivalent, though many airlines prefer candidates with a college degree. Once hired, flight attendants must complete an intensive training course through their airline.

Learn more about flight attendants.

Getty Images |

4. Wind Turbine Technician

Median salary: $57,320 Unemployment rate:  17.6% Expected new job openings by 2032: 5,000

Wind turbine technicians install and maintain wind turbines, which are large machines that generate electricity using wind energy. While most training happens on the job, you could get a head start in this career path by completing a wind energy technology program through a community college or technical school.

Learn more about wind turbine technicians .

3. Electrician

Median salary: $60,240 Unemployment rate:  3.4% Expected new job openings by 2032: 49,200

Electricians install, maintain and repair electrical systems in buildings, including homes, offices and retail stores. You must be licensed to become an electrician in most states, but you can learn the profession in a technical school or an apprenticeship. These programs typically last four or five years and consist of classroom instruction and on-the-job training. A high school diploma or equivalent is required for admission.

Learn more about electricians .

2. Community Health Worker

Median salary: $46,190 Unemployment rate:  N/A Expected new job openings by 2032: 9,400

Community health workers advocate for the health needs of a community by communicating with health care providers and social service organizations. They also educate people about the importance of certain health care services.

Most community health workers have at least a high school diploma or equivalent and sometimes a one-year certificate or two-year associate degree in a related subject area. Once hired, community health workers may also complete on-the-job training.

Learn more about community health workers .

(Jacob Wackerhausen) |

1. Hearing Aid Specialist

Median salary: $59,020 Unemployment rate:  N/A Expected new job openings by 2032: 1,500

Hearing aid specialists administer hearing tests, fit hearing aids and assess the quality of hearing instruments. To become one, you typically only need a high school diploma or equivalent since you'll receive training on the job.

Learn more about hearing aid specialists .

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Career Tips , Choosing a Job , College Student Jobs

Here Are The Top 25 Highest Paying Jobs Without A Degree

Updated: February 9, 2024

Published: June 10, 2020

In this article, we’ve listed the top 25 highest paying jobs without a degree. There are some interesting positions you may have never heard of before, some that you’ve dreamed of since childhood but thought it was out of your reach, and others that you may have overlooked as practical careers.

While some require just a high school diploma, others may require on-site training, apprenticeships, certificates, or state licensing.

What You May Not Know

Contrary to popular belief, you do not need a college degree to have a successful career. Many employers and companies look for skills, experience, and knowledge in the field, while others require specific training or apprenticeship programs. You may not even realize how many high paying jobs don’t require degrees.

Reasons To NOT Get A Degree

It’s expensive.

Many Americans, unfortunately, cannot afford a college education. Moreover, colleges and universities have been getting steadily more expensive — leaving many young graduates with exorbitant student loan debt before they can get their careers off the ground.

If the high cost of college is holding you back from pursuing a degree and a successful career, consider the more affordable options that are available online. University of the People is a tuition-free online university whose aim is to make college education affordable for everyone. Whether you’re looking to get a degree in Business Administration , Computer Science , Health Science , or Education, University of the People makes it possible to earn your degree without going into debt. In addition, it’s completely online, so students can live anywhere in the world and continue working or raising families while you earn your degree.

It’s Not Always Necessary

Also contrary to popular belief, you do not always need a degree to have a successful career . Many young adults earn their bachelor’s thinking that it is the only way to land a good job. But it’s far from the truth. In this list you’ll see many high paying jobs that require as little as a high school diploma.

If any job on this list may be your dream job, no need to waste years and money on a degree that you don’t need. Instead, work your way toward the career that suits you best.

Photo by  Pixabay  from  Pexels

25 highest paying jobs you can get without a degree.

All median salaries are calculated by the U.S. Bureau of Labor .

1. Transportation, Storage, And Distribution Manager

• Median salary: $94,530

This high paying role includes the ultimate time-management skills needed to oversee and allocate the shipping of merchandise for companies. They coordinate, plan, and manage all the transportation needed to distribute products. This position does not require any degree — just experience in a related field.

2. First-Line Supervisors Of Police And Detectives

• Median salary: $89,030

Also known as patrol sergeants, police captains, or police sergeants, these important people in the law enforcement crew manage, supervise, and coordinate the activities of the police force. As a police sergeant, your job will be to make sure that all police procedures and activities are going according to the law. This position requires just a high school diploma, or the equivalent, and lots of on-the-job training.

3. Power Distributors And Dispatchers

• Median salary: $85,960

These system operators control the flow of electricity from power plant generating stations to substations and users. They monitor transmission and distribution lines and resolve issues and transmission failures. Applicants will need on-site training and experience. In addition, any work done on power plants that affect the power grid will require specific certification.

4. Commercial Pilot

• Median salary: $78,740

Commercial pilots fly non-scheduled flights such as charter flights, private planes, and aerial tours. A commercial pilot license is earned through flight training schools or by FAA-certified trainers.

Photo by  Snapwire  from  Pexels

5. detective or criminal investigator.

• Median salary: $83,170

Here’s another childhood dream that you can achieve, even without a degree. Detectives and criminal investigators collect evidence and information for criminal cases. They examine records, conduct interviews, keep track of suspect activities and participate in arrests. In order to become a detective or criminal investigator, it is not always necessary to have a degree, but a background in forensics or criminal investigations will be a plus.

6. Powerhouse, Substation, Snd Relay Electrical Repairer

• Median salary: $80,200

These workers, otherwise known as powerhouse electricians, inspect, maintain, and fix all machinery involved in power-generating stations. Most will start off their careers as electricians in order to get into the field.

7. Elevator Installer And Repairer

• Median salary: $84,990

This position includes installing, maintaining, and fixing elevators, as well as escalators, moving walkways, chair lifts, and other sorts of machinery. Apprenticeship programs offered by unions, industry associations, and individual contractors will give potential workers the knowledge and experience to work in this complex field.

8. Power Plant Operators

• Median salary: $79,610

Power plant operators maintain and operate machinery in power plants that generate electricity and distribute power between generators. They control the voltage levels throughout the day as consumer needs fluctuate. Similar to power distributors and dispatchers, operators will need on-site training and experience in order to work in the field.

9. Media And Communication Equipment Worker

• Median salary: $79,700

One way to get your foot in the door of show business is to become an equipment worker. If you’re good with electronics and enjoy working in a fast-paced environment, media and communication equipment workers are needed to install and repair audio and visual electronics and systems in the film industry, as well as businesses and homes. Experience in electrical installation and repairs will be a plus, but you can also receive on-site training.

10. Theater Makeup Artist

• Median salary: $75,730

If you’ve got a creative touch, and would love working in the entertainment industry, this job might be the perfect fit for you. Theater makeup artists need a postsecondary non-degree certificate in order to get into the field, which will provide you with the necessary skills and knowledge and land your first job in the field.

Photo by  Raphael Lovaski  on  Unsplash

11. patrol officer.

• Median salary: $67,600

This protect-and-serve profession includes patrolling communities and responding to incident reports. As a patrol officer, you can also expect a good deal of work involving writing reports and updating records. Long hours and injuries may be a part of the job as well, but despite this, you probably never expected as a kid that you could be just like your heroes without a degree. Some form of training academy will be necessary for the job, varying according to your country and state. A physical exam/test will also be required.

12. Fire Inspector And Supervisor

• Median salary: $60,200 – $76,330

An extension of the fire-fighting position, fire inspectors determine how fires began and who may be responsible. Fire-fighting supervisors manage the fire department in order to prevent fires and keep the community safe. Both positions require on-the-job training and experience.

13. Aircraft Mechanic

• Median salary: $67,110

Aircraft mechanics maintain and repair aircrafts, much like auto mechanics take care of the maintenance and repair of cars. The position requires a special certificate that is recognized by the FAA.

14. Executive Assistant

• Median salary: $62,920

Executive assistants are a crucial part of any successful office or company. Their tasks include managing schedules, coordinating meetings, taking messages, analyzing documents, preparing reports, and more. If you have an eye for details and organization, and like managing a workspace with lots of moving parts, the executive assistant role may be right for you.

The best way to land this job is to gain plenty of experience. Employers will be looking for skills in management, organization, writing, time management, and communication and people skills.

15. Sales Representative

• Median salary: $63,000

Sales representatives, or manufacturers’ representatives or agents, sell products or services to businesses, government agencies, and other such organizations, as opposed to selling straight to consumers. Sales representatives are expected to have a way with people and the ability to travel, as you will need to attend trade shows and conferences. Additional administrative tasks may include filing expense accounts and analyzing sale statistics.

Most positions do not depend on degrees, but rather experience and skill. To get ahead in this field, you may want to take extra courses that focus on marketing, sales techniques, economics, or communication . Some companies may require training programs which take you through the offices and production plants to learn about the product.

16. Electrician

• Median salary: $56,180

An electrician takes care of designing or installing and fixing electrical devices from lighting systems, intercom systems, to electrical and power systems of homes and businesses. The work is intricate and complex, and many find it to be a satisfying challenge. A state-certified apprenticeship program is usually required to learn the trade and the necessary safety involved.

Photo by  Anton Dmitriev  on  Unsplash

17. structural iron and steel worker.

• Median salary: $53,650

Iron and steel workers create the structures for buildings and bridges by installing the beams. Since the work can often be dangerous, apprenticeship programs that teach basic math, sketching, and of course plenty of practical hours on the job, is crucial.

18. Hearing Aid Specialist

• Median salary: $55,650

A hearing aid specialist tests the hearing loss of an individual and determines the best hearing aid for their needs. In addition, they take care of maintenance, fitting, and adjusting of the hearing aids for their clients. Getting the necessary licensing may include a mixture of on-the-job training and a distance learning course.

19. Brick And Block Masons

• Median salary: $56,470

Brickmasons and blockmasons create the structure and brick facades of houses and buildings. Their work requires following building instructions for walls, cutting stones to size, and mixing and applying cement and mortar. Skills are acquired through on-the-job-training and apprenticeship programs.

20. Insurance Sales Agent

• Median salary: $50,940

Insurance sale agents sell all kinds of insurance from auto and home insurance, to life and health insurance. They may also sell things like property damage policies and employee or product liability. Insurance is regulated by the state and therefore insurance sales agents will need to complete continuing education in order to earn and maintain their licenses.

21. Firefighter

• Median salary: $50,850

These heroes respond to all kinds of emergencies including fires, floods, and accidents in order to save and assist people in danger, which means that firefighters have extensive knowledge of emergency management, and must be licensed as a paramedic as part of their training. In order to become a firefighter, you’ll need to apply to the fire academy of a specific fire department.

22. Real Estate Agent

• Median salary: $50,730

Real estate agents buy, sell, and rent properties for their clients. This requires an understanding of the property markets in each area that you’re working in, as well as an understanding of the area itself, so that you can advise your clients on anything from reasonable prices to the right time to buy or sell a property. A real estate agent also works as the go-between for sellers and buyers by bringing people to the various properties and negotiating prices.

To become a real estate agent, you’ll need to complete coursework in a classroom or online, according to your state, pass your state’s licensing exam, and possibly work under a real estate broker to get some experience before you work independently.

23. Sheet Metal Worker

• Median salary: $50,400

Sheet metal workers assemble, fix, and weld a large range of metal equipment such as heating, cooling and ventilating systems, as well as architectural and structural metal work. They may also work on smaller scales such as countertops and vent hoods for ovens in homes. Sheet metal workers tend to be more technical in comparison to metal jobs in construction work.

Sheet metal workers need many skills, such as good hand-eye coordination, math, and problem solving skills. Apprenticeship programs provide prospective workers with the right knowledge and experience.

Photo by  Pavel Chernonogov  from  Pexels

24. equipment operator.

• Median salary: $48,160

Equipment operators help build and maintain large structures such as buildings, roads, and bridges that make up the city’s infrastructure. They operate the heavy machinery needed to steer graders, direct asphalt, roll out roads, and much more. Depending on your state’s licensing, you can either attend vocational schools that offer the necessary courses or join an apprenticeship program.

25. Choreographer

• Median salary: $48,420

Choreographers create and coordinate dance routines for anything from theme parks and casinos to television and Broadway, as well as teaching roles in dance schools. Most choreographers start as dancers and mentor or apprentice under choreographers in order to learn the ropes.

Many amazing careers don’t require any college degree. We hope you’ve found something that sparks your interest in this list of highest paying jobs without a degree. If not, hopefully you’ve come away inspired by all the options that don’t require a day of college.

Many careers require specific skills that aren’t acquired through college but experience, mentorship, on-site training, or apprenticeship and licensing programs.

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Moscow: Without Limits

As moscow booms, its convention and meeting venues are playing catch-up.

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As Moscow booms, its convention and meeting venues are playing catch-up by Edith Hall Friedheim In October 2006, a total of about 40,000 high-profile politicians, businessmen and show-business celebrities, most of them Russian, attended the four-day Millionaire Fair at Moscow’s Crocus City Exhibition Center to buy diamond-encrusted telephones and other indulgences most provincial Russians can only dream of. Dizzy from the wealth the oil boom has brought, a nouveau riche Russian elite are making up for decades of deprivation, creating lives ever and ever more bespredel (without limits). Tourism might be driving St. Petersburg’s economy, but Moscow is a commercial boomtown where entire neighborhoods of drab Soviet architecture are being replaced with smart shopping centers, nightclubs and glass-and-steel office buildings that tower above the rest of the city.

The area around Krasnaya Presnya, once a working-class quarter, has the greatest political and financial concentration, housing the White House, World Trade Center, Expocenter and other corporate megaliths. Originally the idea for a major trade center was initiated by Armand Hammer, who began doing business with the USSR in the 1920s and knew every Communist leader from Lenin to Gorbachev. Launched in 1980, along with its adjacent Mezhdunarodnaya Hotel, the first WTC was replaced in 2004 with a 21-story World Trade Center II, built between the original complex and a new Expocenter.

There’s no shortage of convention facilities in Moscow, but when it comes to claims of “state-of-the-art technology,” caveat emptor: What Westerners consider state-of-the-art can fall frustratingly short in other parts of the world. Of the three major meetings venues near Moscow’s fairgrounds, the World Trade Center (12 Krasnopresnenskaya Embankment (nab.), tel. 495-258-1212; www.wtcmoscow.ru) claims its 1,500-person capacity Congress Hall is the city’s largest and best equipped multi-purpose facility, no more, no less. The venue’s 28 adaptable function halls on two floors boast several thousand square feet of floor space and such support services as simultaneous translation, audio-visual equipment, overhead projector and screen, flipcharts and markers, and microphones. (These or similar services are provided by most Moscow business and hotel centers.)

The Manezh Exhibition Center (1 Manezhnaia St., tel. 095-292-4459;) has an unbeatable location near the Kremlin and a fascinating history that dates back to 1817, when the original building—now virtually replaced because of a deadly fire in 2004—was a riding school where Tolstoy had his first lessons.

The Mezhdunarodnaya Hotel, the “Mezh” to expats (12 Krasnopresnenskaya Embankment, tel. 095-258-2122; www.wtcmoscow.ru) has the advantage of sharing both the World Trade Center’s address and its 1,500-seat Congress Hall. And nearby, Expocenter (14 Krasnopresnenskaya Embankment, tel. 495-255-3733; www.expocentr.ru) has added a 600-seat Expo-Congress facility to attract the conference market. Although the fairgrounds in particular, and Krasnaya Presnya, its neighboring Fili, and the southern districts in general, can hardly be considered ideal starting points for exploring Moscow on foot, they do encompass Tolstoy’s House, the former Russian Parliament building, Victory Park and Moscow State University, all worth a visit.

Crocus City International Exhibition Center (4 Krasnogorsk, tel. 495-727-2598; www.eng.crocusexpo.ru) is one of Moscow’s most ambitious developments, part of a $28 million Crocus Expo complex that includes a marina, yacht club, helicopter pad, entertainment center, luxury shopping mall and up-market restaurants—Disneyland redux. As such, it managed to snare the 2006 Millionaire Club trade show for the second consecutive year. 900 delegates can convene in 226,042 square feet of floor space when the four conference halls of Pavilion 1 are combined. The Food Court in the same pavilion can dish up more than 1,000 Russian-style portions of blini and beef stroganoff at one time.

If the sleek, low-slung Crocus City complex defines “new” Russian architecture, the All-Russia Exhibition Center (Vserossiysky Vystavochny Center, tel. 495-544-3400; www.vvcentre.ru ) screams “Stalin Baroque” in all its excess. Ornate, monumental in size and scope—with 70 fountains, about 70 pavilions and wide promenades, the VVTs, as it is called today, was created by the Soviet government in 1939, enlarged during the 1950s to better glorify Soviet Republics, and finally left to fend for itself after the collapse of Communism. The current trade-fair-cum-shopping-center is as much a tourist attraction as a center of commerce. Closer to central Moscow the well-established Sokolniki Culture and Exhibition Center (1 Sokolnicheskiy Val, Pav. 4, tel. 495-995-0595; www.exposokol.com/eng) offers 13 function halls in 301,390 square feet of indoor space.

Every city in Russia has a Gostiny Dvor, a central covered market. Moscow’s, in Red Square (3 Varvarka St., tel. 095-298-5549; www.mitf.ru/eng) has undergone centuries of modification since it was first covered in brick in 1590 and later transformed in neoclassical style with Corinthian columns and arcades. In 1995 it gained a glass roof and its Atrium morphed into one of the city’s most fashionable exhibition venues.

Moscow may seem overwhelming at first, but its historic nucleus—Red Square and the Kremlin—is compact enough to see on foot. Heading any list of must-sees: Lenin’s Mausoleum, St. Basil’s Cathedral, the GUM department store and the Kremlin itself, which houses among other tsarist treasures Catherine the Great’s diamond-studded coronation crown and a collection of Fabergé eggs.

As to restaurants in central city, One Red Square (tel. 095-925-3600)— enter via the History Museum—features a menu culled from 200 years of traditional Russian recipes; it’s inexpensive for its location, and the cuisine is highly rated. Bosco, in the GUM department store (tel. 095-929-3182), is a cross between an Italian café and a Russian tearoom. What could be a better combination than cappuccino and views of the sun setting over St. Basil’s at dusk? Even Pushkin would approve of Café Pushkin (tel. 095-229-5590/91), a restored 19th-century mansion where the in-crowd dines on blini and black caviar. The café isn’t really a café at all, except for its ground-level bar open 24 hours. Upstairs the cuisine is strictly haute, with prices to match. But Café Pushkin is one of Moscow’s finest restaurants, and worth the splurge.

While most major Moscow hotels house conference facilities, the largest and best-equipped are not necessarily in the top properties or most central locations. One businessman recently praised the President’s “five-star conference rooms” while deriding its “four-star accommodations.” And the colossal, recently revamped 1970s Cosmos Hotel garners fewer than five stars in guidebooks, but its convention facilities are among Moscow’s most sophisticated. Conversely, the Mezhdunarodnaya, sharing the World Trade Center’s 1,500-seat Congress Hall and other business amenities, is a true five-star hotel in every respect except location; anyone looking for nightlife will find it inconvenient. And speaking of nightlife, local restaurants and nightclubs open, close, and change their addresses so often that hotel guests should consult their concierge desks for recommendations.

In Russian hotel ratings, stars are not as important as when a property was built or completely upgraded. Generally location determines price; the closer the property to the center of town, the more expensive. According to Natasha Bloom, Sales Executive with the Russian Travel Group, Moscow’s average $347 room rate qualifies it as the world’s most expensive city for lodging (especially in November, prime convention time), outdistancing New York and London. Yet there are bargains to be had.

The colossal (almost 1,800 rooms) Soviet-era Cosmos Hotel (150 Mira Prospect, tel. 095-234-1000; www.hotelcosmos.ru.) doesn’t have the five-star prestige of Moscow’s Marriotts or Méridiens, but it boasts one of the city’s most comprehensive convention and conferences venues, including a 1,000-seat congress/concert/ cinema hall, and multiple conference and exhibition halls. All this and an exhaustive Web site, albeit last updated in 1998, make it a standout in its class.

When easy access to Red Square and the Kremlin counts, it’s reassuring to book the brands with cache: Marriott, Hyatt, Kempinski. As the latest in Moscow’s inventory of elite central-city hotels, the ultra-deluxe Ararat Park Hyatt (4 Neglinnaya St., tel. 095-783-1234; www.moscow.park. hyatt.com) offers almost 4,000 square feet of business space in its well-staffed, 180-seat ballroom and smaller meeting rooms. Nearly everything is within walking distance, including the best restaurants. Its bar is also the crème de la crème of Moscow night spots.

As typically European in style and décor as the Ararat is modern, the Baltschug Kempinski (1 Baltschug St., tel. 095-230-6500; www.kempinski-commoscow.ru) has an unprepossessing façade and terrific views of the Kremlin and St. Basil’s Cathedral. Up to 180 people can rendezvous in two adequate-sized meeting rooms or sit down to dinner in an atrium that serves up to 230.

Marriott’s five-star flagship Grand (26 Tverskaya St., tel. 095-937-0000; www.marriott.com), the same company’s five-star Aurora Royal (11/20 Petrovska St., tel. 095-937-1000; www.marriott.com), and the slightly lower-end but enormous Renaissance (18/1 Olympijskij Avenue, tel. 095-931-9000; www.renaissancehotels .com) handle groups of up to 600 in as many as 28,000 square feet of floor space (Renaissance).

Less expensive than the Marriotts, the elegant Art Nouveau Metropol (1/4 Theater Passage, tel. 095-927-6000; www.metropol-moscow.ru), dating from 1903, is no slouch when it comes to celebrity guests, having hosted Leo Tolstoy, G.B. Shaw and JFK during its hundred-year history. Clients convene either in the main conference hall holding just under 300 people, or in five smaller rooms, ranging in capacity from 50 at a round table, to 150 in an amphitheater setup.

Another 19th-century landmark—somehow it also survived Stalin’s demolition of countless relics of the Russian “bourgeoisie"—the National Hotel, now Le Royal Méridien National (14/1 Okhatny Rd., tel. 095-258-7000; www.national.ru) was Lenin’s home in 1918. Refurbished during the 1990s, it now vies with the Metropol as Moscow’s grande dame, boasting views of the Kremlin its rival can’t match. The National’s 14 banquet halls and conference rooms service as many as 170 people.

Finally, the President (24 Bolshaya Yakimanka, tel. 095-239-3800; www. president-hotel.ru), once a pied-à-terre for high-ranking Soviet officials, and the Golden Ring (5 Smolenskaya Square, tel. 095-725-0100; www.hotel-goldenring.ru) are updated vintage Soviet, and both offer a full range of facilities.

GETTING THERE

Aeroflot (nonstop) From NY (JFK): business class $2,799–$4,798; economy class $459–$2,194 From Los Angeles: business class 3,599–$5,758; economy class $739–$2,638

AeroSvit (via Kiev) From NY (JFK): business class $1,859–$2,290 economy class $284–$1,444 From Los Angeles: AeroSvit only flies from NY. Buying a separate roundtrip from LA–NY on another carrier would be cheaper than buying its published interline fares

Air France (via Paris) From NY (JFK or Newark): business class $2,863–$6,674; economy class $383–$3,974 From Los Angeles: business class $3,300–$8,455; economy class $506–$5,564

Delta Airlines From NY (JFK nonstop): business class $2,943–$8,034; economy class $413–$4,054 From Los Angeles (via JFK): business class $3,300–$9,540; economy class $579–$5,564 Lufthansa (via Frankfurt or Munich) From NY(JFK or Newark): business class $2,863–$7,058; economy class $589–$4,046 From Los Angeles: business class $3,300–$8,838; economy class $779–$5,564

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Gender pay gap in U.S. hasn’t changed much in two decades

The gender gap in pay has remained relatively stable in the United States over the past 20 years or so. In 2022, women earned an average of 82% of what men earned, according to a new Pew Research Center analysis of median hourly earnings of both full- and part-time workers. These results are similar to where the pay gap stood in 2002, when women earned 80% as much as men.

As has long been the case, the wage gap is smaller for workers ages 25 to 34 than for all workers 16 and older. In 2022, women ages 25 to 34 earned an average of 92 cents for every dollar earned by a man in the same age group – an 8-cent gap. By comparison, the gender pay gap among workers of all ages that year was 18 cents.

While the gender pay gap has not changed much in the last two decades, it has narrowed considerably when looking at the longer term, both among all workers ages 16 and older and among those ages 25 to 34. The estimated 18-cent gender pay gap among all workers in 2022 was down from 35 cents in 1982. And the 8-cent gap among workers ages 25 to 34 in 2022 was down from a 26-cent gap four decades earlier.

The gender pay gap measures the difference in median hourly earnings between men and women who work full or part time in the United States. Pew Research Center’s estimate of the pay gap is based on an analysis of Current Population Survey (CPS) monthly outgoing rotation group files ( IPUMS ) from January 1982 to December 2022, combined to create annual files. To understand how we calculate the gender pay gap, read our 2013 post, “How Pew Research Center measured the gender pay gap.”

The COVID-19 outbreak affected data collection efforts by the U.S. government in its surveys, especially in 2020 and 2021, limiting in-person data collection and affecting response rates. It is possible that some measures of economic outcomes and how they vary across demographic groups are affected by these changes in data collection.

In addition to findings about the gender wage gap, this analysis includes information from a Pew Research Center survey about the perceived reasons for the pay gap, as well as the pressures and career goals of U.S. men and women. The survey was conducted among 5,098 adults and includes a subset of questions asked only for 2,048 adults who are employed part time or full time, from Oct. 10-16, 2022. Everyone who took part is a member of the Center’s American Trends Panel (ATP), an online survey panel that is recruited through national, random sampling of residential addresses. This way nearly all U.S. adults have a chance of selection. The survey is weighted to be representative of the U.S. adult population by gender, race, ethnicity, partisan affiliation, education and other categories. Read more about the ATP’s methodology .

Here are the questions used in this analysis, along with responses, and its methodology .

The  U.S. Census Bureau has also analyzed the gender pay gap, though its analysis looks only at full-time workers (as opposed to full- and part-time workers). In 2021, full-time, year-round working women earned 84% of what their male counterparts earned, on average, according to the Census Bureau’s most recent analysis.

Much of the gender pay gap has been explained by measurable factors such as educational attainment, occupational segregation and work experience. The narrowing of the gap over the long term is attributable in large part to gains women have made in each of these dimensions.

Related: The Enduring Grip of the Gender Pay Gap

Even though women have increased their presence in higher-paying jobs traditionally dominated by men, such as professional and managerial positions, women as a whole continue to be overrepresented in lower-paying occupations relative to their share of the workforce. This may contribute to gender differences in pay.

Other factors that are difficult to measure, including gender discrimination, may also contribute to the ongoing wage discrepancy.

Perceived reasons for the gender wage gap

When asked about the factors that may play a role in the gender wage gap, half of U.S. adults point to women being treated differently by employers as a major reason, according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted in October 2022. Smaller shares point to women making different choices about how to balance work and family (42%) and working in jobs that pay less (34%).

There are some notable differences between men and women in views of what’s behind the gender wage gap. Women are much more likely than men (61% vs. 37%) to say a major reason for the gap is that employers treat women differently. And while 45% of women say a major factor is that women make different choices about how to balance work and family, men are slightly less likely to hold that view (40% say this).

Parents with children younger than 18 in the household are more likely than those who don’t have young kids at home (48% vs. 40%) to say a major reason for the pay gap is the choices that women make about how to balance family and work. On this question, differences by parental status are evident among both men and women.

Views about reasons for the gender wage gap also differ by party. About two-thirds of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents (68%) say a major factor behind wage differences is that employers treat women differently, but far fewer Republicans and Republican leaners (30%) say the same. Conversely, Republicans are more likely than Democrats to say women’s choices about how to balance family and work (50% vs. 36%) and their tendency to work in jobs that pay less (39% vs. 30%) are major reasons why women earn less than men.

Democratic and Republican women are more likely than their male counterparts in the same party to say a major reason for the gender wage gap is that employers treat women differently. About three-quarters of Democratic women (76%) say this, compared with 59% of Democratic men. And while 43% of Republican women say unequal treatment by employers is a major reason for the gender wage gap, just 18% of GOP men share that view.

Pressures facing working women and men

Family caregiving responsibilities bring different pressures for working women and men, and research has shown that being a mother can reduce women’s earnings , while fatherhood can increase men’s earnings .

Employed women and men are about equally likely to say they feel a great deal of pressure to support their family financially and to be successful in their jobs and careers, according to the Center’s October survey. But women, and particularly working mothers, are more likely than men to say they feel a great deal of pressure to focus on responsibilities at home.

About half of employed women (48%) report feeling a great deal of pressure to focus on their responsibilities at home, compared with 35% of employed men. Among working mothers with children younger than 18 in the household, two-thirds (67%) say the same, compared with 45% of working dads.

When it comes to supporting their family financially, similar shares of working moms and dads (57% vs. 62%) report they feel a great deal of pressure, but this is driven mainly by the large share of unmarried working mothers who say they feel a great deal of pressure in this regard (77%). Among those who are married, working dads are far more likely than working moms (60% vs. 43%) to say they feel a great deal of pressure to support their family financially. (There were not enough unmarried working fathers in the sample to analyze separately.)

About four-in-ten working parents say they feel a great deal of pressure to be successful at their job or career. These findings don’t differ by gender.

Gender differences in job roles, aspirations

Overall, a quarter of employed U.S. adults say they are currently the boss or one of the top managers where they work, according to the Center’s survey. Another 33% say they are not currently the boss but would like to be in the future, while 41% are not and do not aspire to be the boss or one of the top managers.

Men are more likely than women to be a boss or a top manager where they work (28% vs. 21%). This is especially the case among employed fathers, 35% of whom say they are the boss or one of the top managers where they work. (The varying attitudes between fathers and men without children at least partly reflect differences in marital status and educational attainment between the two groups.)

In addition to being less likely than men to say they are currently the boss or a top manager at work, women are also more likely to say they wouldn’t want to be in this type of position in the future. More than four-in-ten employed women (46%) say this, compared with 37% of men. Similar shares of men (35%) and women (31%) say they are not currently the boss but would like to be one day. These patterns are similar among parents.

Note: This is an update of a post originally published on March 22, 2019. Anna Brown and former Pew Research Center writer/editor Amanda Barroso contributed to an earlier version of this analysis. Here are the questions used in this analysis, along with responses, and its methodology .

What is the gender wage gap in your metropolitan area? Find out with our pay gap calculator

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Women have gained ground in the nation’s highest-paying occupations, but still lag behind men

Diversity, equity and inclusion in the workplace, the enduring grip of the gender pay gap, more than twice as many americans support than oppose the #metoo movement, women now outnumber men in the u.s. college-educated labor force, most popular.

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Radiators fail once more: Moscow suburbs residents appeal to Putin

R esidents across the Moscow suburbs are besieged by a heating problem, for which they plead direct intervention from President Vladimir Putin. These individuals have yet to experience any semblance of home heating since winter started due to a dwindling supply of heating oil. The issue, one largely avoided by local authority communication, has left residents desperate to the point of directly appealing to the president.

While plots have been uncovered to disrupt Ukraine's infrastructure for a second consecutive winter, thus depriving civilians of heating, it seems Russians are now mired in their crisis. Irony drips from the fact that those under Putin's leadership are looking to cause turmoil in Ukraine, yet at home, they face a similar predicament.

Many dwellings within the Moscow agglomeration are presently without heat. The capital's residents are desperate, directly appealing to President Putin due to a perceived lack of alternate avenues for assistance. The absence of suitable heating functionality since winter commenced pushes them towards desperation with no relief in sight.

This seems improbable, but in Russia, it appears that anything can happen.

It remains uncertain if Vladimir Putin is actively addressing the heating crisis. Some experts suggest that Russia's heating oil reserves are depleting, which negatively affects residents' quality of life. Plagued by cold radiators and plummeting winter temperatures, these citizens have directly addressed their pleas to their head of state.

This heating crisis is happening in Elektrostal, a town approximately 71 miles from Moscow.

Ironically, Russia has constantly aimed to destroy the Ukrainian infrastructure since war broke out, deliberately trying to leave Ukrainians without heating during the harsh winters, aiming to break their strong will. It's an irony they now struggle with a domestic heating crisis, particularly near Moscow, their largest and most pivotal city.

Desperate individuals are reaching out to Vladimir Putin. They question his knowledge of the heating infrastructure conditions in the Moscow suburbs and the dire situations residents face there. Sundown brings no relief from the harsh Russian winter and without heating, their houses turn cold. With elections nearing, more and more residents find themselves reaching out directly to their president.

"Since winter's start, we've been without heating. This has been a yearly occurrence for the past three years. Despite paying for heating, we don't have enough. We implore you, help us!" - these are the desperate pleas from the heavily dressed populace dealing with the Russian winter conditions.

Experts attribute the heating oil shortage to international sanctions and surging demands for diesel fuel, pivotal to military operations. Russia now grapples with a dearth of raw materials essential for boiler and heating plant operation. As supplies dwindle, houses grow cold with little hope of any immediate corrective intervention.

It would be adequate if the war ceased, residents were prioritized, and attention accorded to their welfare.

Russians report Ukrainian drone shot down near Moscow

Putin faces strategic dilemma in prolonged Ukrainian war

Former Ukrainian deputy Kywa assassinated in Moscow amidst war tensions

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Drone flying toward Moscow downed in Elektrostal

MOSCOW, November 19. A drone flying to Moscow has been downed by air defense systems in Elektrostal in the Moscow Region, no one was hurt, Moscow’s Mayor Sergey Sobyanin said on Sunday.

"In the Elektrostal municipal district, air defense forces repelled an attack by a drone, which was flying toward Moscow. According to preliminary data, its fragments fell down incurring no damage. No one was hurt," he wrote on his Telegram channel .

According to the Moscow mayor, emergencies services are working on the site.