research summaries projects 106 found

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Submitting a project for section 106 review.

The State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) recommends that agencies use the Section 106 Review Project Summary Form and its supporting documents to submit most routine projects for review (*see exceptions below).

Based on the documentation standards found at 36 CFR Section 800.11 , the Project Summary Form provides a standardized format that helps agencies organize the information necessary to complete the Section 106 review process. Contact the State Historic Preservation Office any time during project development if you have questions about the Project Summary Form or the Section 106 review process. Agencies that are planning large or complex projects are strongly encouraged to contact the State Historic Preservation Office early in project planning so that we can discuss alternative survey options to help you meet your responsibilities under 36 CFR Part 800.

*Exceptions

Projects that should not use the project summary form include:.

• Projects requiring a license from the Federal Communications Commission. For these projects, please submit FCC Forms 620 or 621.
• Projects undertaken by the Ohio Department of Transportation / Federal Highway Administration.
• Projects covered by existing agreements that include alternative procedures and documentation requirements (i.e. Nationwide Programmatic Agreements or State-level Programmatic Agreements).

Let Us Help You

Agencies planning large or complex projects are encouraged to contact SHPO early in planning to discuss options to help you meet your responsibilities under 36 CFR Part 800.

Project Summary Form

Submit your project electronically.

We now accept only electronic submissions. Please submit your project by providing us with a file transfer link. You will receive a confirmation from our office within 24 hours.

More to Explore

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Additional Resources & Tools

Project summary form (psf) form and instructions:.

Project Summary Form Project Summary Form Instructions (PDF)

Recording Cultural Resource - for Professionals

I-Form (Internet-based application to submit data on buildings and archaeological sites.)

Recording Archaeological Sites - for Non-Professionals

Preliminary Form for Archaeological Sites (PDF with Interactive Help Features)

OHC: Archaeological Survey/Excavation Permit

SPECIAL NOTICE: As of July 10, 2023, the Online Mapping System is unavailable.  While the OMS is not accessible, the SHPO is offering a data request service to assist with project planning. If you would like our staff to complete a data search for your project, please follow the instructions at   this link . You will receive a response within 3-5 business days in most cases. Very large requests will take longer and will be handled on a case by case basis.

Cultural Resource Reports

Guidelines for Conducting History/Architecture Surveys in Ohio

Key Documents

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Featured Resource Name

Improving the Efficiency and Consistency of Section 106 Compliance for State DOTs: Strategies for Project-Level Programmatic Agreements (2021)

Chapter: summary.

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

1 This report provides state DOTs, FHWA, SHPOs, and Tribal Historic Preservation Officers (THPOs) with an analysis of the common challenges and successful practices related to the development and execution of project-level Programmatic Agreements (PAs). The research presented in this report was conducted as part of NCHRP Project 25-62 Improving the Efficiency and Consistency of Section 106 Compliance for State DOTs: Strategies for Project-Level Programmatic Agreements and Postwar Commercial Properties. A future publication will present the research on postwar commercial properties. The full range of how state DOTs use project-level PAs is not well documented and practitioners often rely on anecdotal information regarding development and implementation of these agreements. This project focuses on lessons learned and best practices for project-level PAs and highlights how DOTs are successfully using project-level PAs. This report serves as a companion to NCHRP Project 25-25/Task 107, Section 106 Delegation Programmatic Agreements: Review and Best Practices and Quick Reference Guide, which provided state DOTs, FHWA, and SHPOs practical guidance for the application, preparation, modification, and implementation of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act (Section 106) delegation PAs.1 Delegation PAs address Section 106 compliance for the FHWA’s Federal-Aid Highway Program within a state and “delegates” decision making that is normally the purview of FHWA to a state DOT. NCHRP Project 25-62 analyzes the use of project-level PAs to better understand current approaches to their development and identify best practices based on input from questionnaire respondents, interviewees, and analysis of PAs collected from across the country. The document is organized to easily communicate the key considerations and questions to ask before and during the development of a project-level PA. To complete the analysis presented in this report, the project team developed and executed the Data Collection and Outreach Plan, detailed in Technical Memorandum 1, Information Collection Plan: Project-Level PAs, which included a questionnaire and interviews with DOTs, SHPOs, FHWA Division Office staff, key staff at the ACHP, tribal liaisons at DOTs, and THPOs concerning their experiences in the development and implementation of project-level PAs. Examples of project-level PAs were provided by questionnaire respondents, interviewees, and NCHRP study panel members. The project team reviewed examples of successful and less successful project-level PAs to understand what works and what does not work in the implementation of these documents. Primary findings After reviewing the completed questionnaires and interviews, the project team assembled a library of 85 project-level PAs. The project team analyzed the documents based on lead agency, number of signatories, participation of Tribes, whether historic properties and adverse effects were known or unknown when the PA was executed, mitigation stipulations, administrative stipulations, appendices, and other areas. This review provided important insight into current practices for developing and consulting on PAs, their content, and execution. The primary findings of this study include the following (see Figure 1): 1 Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, Protection of Historic Properties, 36 CFR Part 800, as amended 2004.

2 Figure 1. Summary of primary findings. States use project-level PAs for undertakings to customize Section 106 consultation and expedite the environmental review process. • States that do not use project-level PAs typically prefer to use the standard Section 106 process or do not have large, complex projects that require the use of these agreements. • Project-level PAs provide DOTs with greater flexibility in decision making regarding potential adverse effects to historic properties. • Agencies use these agreements for undertakings to establish Section 106 timeframes, expedite review, and address issues early in the process. • Coordination on the project-level PA and sequencing its implementation with the overall project environmental schedule takes place as early as possible to help agencies meet project timelines. • Project-level PAs are a tool for agencies and consulting parties to define appropriate mitigation and implement creative solutions. • Project-level PAs help agencies communicate project understandings between engineers, environmental staff, cultural resource staff, and contractors as part of contractual obligations. • Successful project-level PAs depend on strong partnerships between consulting parties and the mutual trust that must exist among them to execute this type of document. • Education about PAs is an ongoing effort that should be considered as a routine and necessary element to the successful development and implementation of a project-level PA. Agencies should plan to hold training for new staff who are responsible for fulfilling mitigation stipulations or for Section 106 signatories and consulting parties.

Project-level Programmatic Agreements (PAs) streamline and expedite the environmental review process and provide departments of transportation with greater flexibility in decision making regarding adverse effects to historic properties and defining appropriate mitigation.

The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 311: Improving the Efficiency and Consistency of Section 106 Compliance for State DOTs: Strategies for Project-Level Programmatic Agreements provides state DOTs, FHWA, SHPOs, and Tribal Historic Preservation Officers with an analysis of the common challenges and successful practices related to the development and execution of project-level PAs.

A dataset is provided as supplemental to the report.

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American Recovery Act & Section 106 Reviews

What is an undertaking? Undertaking means a project, activity or program, funded in whole or in part under the direct or indirect jurisdiction of a federal agency, including those carried out by or on behalf of a federal agency; those carried out with federal financial assistance; and those requiring a federal; permit, license, or approval. (§800.16 (y))

If the undertaking is a type of activity that does not have the potential to cause effects on historic properties, assuming such historic properties were present, the agency official has no further obligations under Section 106. (§800.3(a)(1)).

Note: Certain types of projects funded by the Department of Energy (DOE) under the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Block Grant program (EECBG), State Energy Program (SEP) and Weatherization Assistance Program (WAP) are categorically exempted from the Section 106 SHPO consultation because they have been determined to have limited potential to adversely affect historic properties. These projects include undertakings for planning, training and educational purposes, undertakings to replace equipment on existing buildings or structures that result in no building or structure changes or ground disturbances, and undertakings on buildings or structures less than 45 years of age that will result in no ground disturbances. What is a historic property?

A historic property is any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object included in, or eligible for inclusion in, the National Register of Historic Places. For more information see National Register Bulletin 15, “How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation.” OHP Section 106 Environmental Compliance Information Minimum Information Needed for Section 106 Reviews

Guidance for Native American Heritage Commission Consultation ACHP Economic Impacts and Benefits of Historic Preservation ACHP Section 106 Tool Kit

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Home » Research Summary – Structure, Examples and Writing Guide

Research Summary – Structure, Examples and Writing Guide

Table of Contents

A research summary is a concise overview of a study’s purpose, methods, findings, and conclusions. Writing an effective research summary allows you to distill key insights for an audience, enabling them to quickly understand the core message and significance of the study. This guide provides an in-depth look at the structure of a research summary, examples, and tips for writing one that is clear, informative, and engaging.

Research Summary

A research summary condenses the essential parts of a research paper or study into a brief format, usually ranging from a single paragraph to a page. The goal is to give readers a clear understanding of the study’s objectives, methodology, major findings, and implications. Research summaries are often used in academic papers, grant proposals, and professional reports.

Key Characteristics of a Research Summary :

• Conciseness : Communicates the main points without unnecessary detail.
• Clarity : Presents information in a straightforward and easily understandable manner.
• Structure : Follows a logical flow, typically mirroring the structure of the full research report.

Structure of a Research Summary

A well-structured research summary generally includes the following sections:

The title should reflect the main topic or research question, helping readers quickly understand what the study is about. If applicable, the title should also hint at the methodology or scope of the study.

2. Introduction

The introduction provides context for the research question and explains why the study is important. Briefly summarize the problem or gap in knowledge that the study addresses and state the research objectives or hypotheses.

Example : “This study investigates the impact of social media on adolescent mental health, specifically focusing on self-esteem and anxiety. The research aims to understand how social media usage patterns relate to these psychological outcomes.”

3. Methodology

This section briefly outlines the research design, sample size, data collection methods, and analysis techniques. The goal is to give readers an idea of how the study was conducted.

Example : “The study employed a mixed-methods approach, using an online survey of 500 adolescents and in-depth interviews with 20 participants to gather quantitative and qualitative data on social media habits and mental health.”

The results section summarizes the major findings of the study without going into detailed statistics or data. Focus on the key insights that answer the research question or support the hypotheses.

Example : “The analysis revealed a positive correlation between increased social media use and higher levels of anxiety. Participants who spent more than three hours per day on social media reported lower self-esteem scores compared to those with limited usage.”

5. Conclusion

The conclusion provides a brief interpretation of the results, discussing their implications and potential applications. This section may also suggest areas for further research.

Example : “The findings suggest that prolonged social media exposure may negatively impact adolescent mental health. Future research could explore intervention strategies to promote healthier social media habits.”

6. Keywords (Optional)

Some research summaries include keywords to help readers find relevant studies quickly. Keywords should relate to the study’s main concepts or topics, such as “social media,” “mental health,” “adolescents,” and “self-esteem.”

Example of a Research Summary

Title : Effects of Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in Older Adults

Introduction : This study examines the impact of regular physical activity on cognitive function in adults aged 65 and older. With age-related cognitive decline being a major public health concern, understanding the benefits of exercise on brain health could inform preventive strategies.

Methodology : A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 200 participants divided into an exercise group and a control group. The exercise group participated in supervised workouts three times per week, while the control group maintained their usual activities. Cognitive assessments were administered at baseline and after six months.

Results : Participants in the exercise group showed significant improvements in memory and executive function compared to the control group, who exhibited no cognitive gains.

Conclusion : Regular physical activity appears to benefit cognitive function in older adults, potentially delaying age-related cognitive decline. Further research is needed to explore optimal exercise regimens for brain health.

Writing Guide for a Research Summary

Step 1: read the full research report.

To write an accurate summary, read the complete research report or study. Take notes on the main points, including the research question, methodology, findings, and conclusions.

Step 2: Identify the Core Message

Distill the study’s core message by identifying the research objectives, key findings, and implications. This will form the foundation of your summary, ensuring that it remains focused and relevant.

Step 3: Use Clear and Concise Language

A research summary should be concise and free from unnecessary jargon. Use simple language to make the study accessible to a broad audience, especially if the summary is intended for readers outside the research field.

Step 4: Follow the Structure

Adopt a clear structure to organize information logically. Begin with an introduction to the research question, briefly describe the methodology, highlight the main findings, and conclude with the study’s implications.

Step 5: Revise for Brevity and Clarity

Revise your draft to remove redundant information and ensure that each sentence adds value. Aim to keep the summary short, ideally within one or two paragraphs for a single-page summary or slightly longer for comprehensive reviews.

Step 6: Include Keywords if Needed

If the summary will be published in an academic or searchable format, add relevant keywords to help readers find the study easily. Select terms that represent the study’s main themes or topics.

Tips for Writing an Effective Research Summary

• Focus on Key Points : Avoid including minor details and focus on summarizing the main findings.
• Avoid Technical Jargon : Use plain language, especially if the summary is for a general audience.
• Use Active Voice : Active voice makes sentences clearer and more direct.
• Keep it Objective : Avoid adding personal opinions or interpretations beyond what is presented in the study.
• Proofread : Check for clarity, grammar, and adherence to the structure.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Including Too Much Detail : A research summary should only cover the essential points without overwhelming readers.
• Overuse of Technical Terms : Unless intended for a specialist audience, limit technical language to ensure accessibility.
• Neglecting the Structure : Follow the structure to maintain a logical flow of information.
• Personal Interpretations : Stick to summarizing the study’s findings and implications without inserting your own analysis.
• Ignoring the Objective : Keep in mind the purpose of the summary, whether for an academic journal, project proposal, or professional report.

A research summary provides a snapshot of a study’s essential points, helping readers quickly understand the objectives, methods, findings, and implications of the research. By following a structured approach, using clear language, and focusing on the core message, you can write an effective research summary that communicates the study’s contributions. Whether for academic or professional purposes, a well-crafted summary makes research accessible, engaging, and valuable for a wide audience.

• Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches . Sage Publications.
• Booth, W. C., Colomb, G. G., & Williams, J. M. (2016). The Craft of Research . University of Chicago Press.
• Swales, J. M., & Feak, C. B. (2012). Academic Writing for Graduate Students: Essential Tasks and Skills . University of Michigan Press.
• Babbie, E. (2020). The Practice of Social Research . Cengage Learning.
• Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches . Pearson.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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