research and download tool

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Research Download - SPD Flash Tool R24.0.0003 All Versions

What Is Research Download Tool?

What are the features of the research download tool, how to flash the firmware with research download tool, what are the contents of research download tool files.

• What Are the Additional Details of the Research Download Tool Tool?

Download Link of Research Download - SPD Flash Tool.

Research download tool features list:.

• Read Flash.
• Write Flash.
• Erase Flash.
• Erase All Flash.
• Modify Packet Files.
• Repartition.
• Keep Charge While Flashing.
• Set Debug Level.
• UART Download.
• End of Download (Reset to Normal, Power Off, Dump Uboot Log).
• Read Option (Read MCP Type, Read Chip UID, Read Partition).
• Check Option (Check Match, DDR Check, EMMC Check, Self Refresh, Check Second Hand Memory).
• Auto Comparison
• Multi-Languages.
• LCD Configuration.
• Vol-Freq Turning.
• UART Port Switch.
• First of all, you need to download the required Flash Tool program and the firmware file according to your mobile device. If you have already downloaded it, then skip this step.
• Now extract the compressed file of Flash tool with the latest version of WinRAR.
• Right-click on the " ResearchDownload.exe " setup file and run it in administrator mode.
• Click the Load Packet button in the upper left corner and select the .pac firmware file. Once you select the firmware file, the Flash tool will take some time to load the file, so be patient.
• After successfully loading the firmware file into the tool, click the third " Start Downloading " button of the program.
• Then turn off the mobile device, press the boot key (volume up + volume down), and connect to the computer.
• As soon as you connect your mobile device to the computer, the flashing process starts, and after the flashing process is completed, you will see Previous Passed written in green in the progress bar.
• Finally, disconnect your mobile device from the computer and turn on the power; For the first time since the flash, the mobile will take about five to ten minutes to power on.

What Are the Additional Details of the Research Download Tool?

• SPD Research Tool R24.0.0003.rar
• SPD Research Tool R23.19.5101.rar
• SPD Research Tool R23.19.3301.rar
• SPD Research Tool R23.0.0001.rar
• SPD Research Tool R22.19.1301.rar
• SPD Research Tool R21.0.0001.rar
• SPD Research Tool R19.0.0001.rar
• SPD Research Tool R17.0.0001.rar
• SPD Research Tool R8.0.0001.rar
• SPD Research Tool R7.0.0001.rar
• SPD Research Tool R6.0.0001.rar
• SPD Research Tool R4.0.0001.rar
• SPD Research Tool R3.15.4901.rar
• SPD Research Tool R3.0.900.rar
• SPD Research Tool R3.0.0001.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.10.1003.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.10.1001.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.9017.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.9016.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.9015.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.9009.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.9008.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.9005.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.9001.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.8005.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.8004.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.7017.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.7009.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.7008.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.7007.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.7006.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.7003.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.7002.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.7001.rar
• SPD Research Tool R2.9.6011.rar

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Thanks for the instructions with this post. Always appreciate bro....

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SPD Research Tool R27.24.1301 (Latest version)

SPD Research Tool is an official application by SpreadTrum/Unisoc Technologies Co. The SPD Flash Tool helps you to flash PAC stock ROM your Android devices powered by SpreadTrum SOC. It also allows you to reset the FRP lock and Screen locks.

You will get the official link to download SPD Research Tool (latest and all versions) for Windows computers. We have shared it as a zip package, including the Tool, USB Driver, and Tutorial.

Download SPD Research Tool For Windows

SPD Flash Tool allows you to install PAC-based stock ROM on your spreadTurm-powered smartphone and tablets. We recommend using the latest version of this tool.

How To Flash?

• Firstly, download SPD Research Tool.
• Secondly, extract stock ROM on your computer.
• Install SPD USB Driver on your computer. Otherwise, the tool never detects your device
• Thirdly, open the tool.
• Now, click on the firmware loading button. Then, follow the following steps.
• Now, locate the stock ROM (PAC format).
• After choosing the stock ROM, then click on START Button.
• Connect your device by holding Volum UP and Volum DOWN keys.

Readme once

[*] Scan: Firstly, we scanned the tool using Kaspersky Antivirus. Then, we uploaded it on gsmofficial.com.

[*] Caution: Take a backup of your important data before using the SPD Research Tool. Because your photos, contacts, and documents will erase from the device after flashing stock ROM.

[*] Credits: Full credit goes to Unisoc Technologies Co. Because they created and distributed this tool for free.

[*] USB Driver: We have shared some USB Drivers for connecting your device to the computer. i.e., SPD USB Driver .

[*] Alternative Tool: We have shared some alternatives flash tools for installing stock ROM on your mobile devices. i.e., SPD Upgrade Tool and SPD Factory Tool .

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[GUIDE] Use Research Download (Spreadtrum ROM Flash)

• Thread starter Ravage32
• Start date Jan 26, 2014
• Tags pac file research download sc6820 spreadtrum tutorial
• General Development
• Android Development and Hacking
• Miscellaneous Android Development

Senior Member

• Jan 26, 2014

• Apr 2, 2014

Fail: Preserve Calibration fail (cannot find nv item in nv) What does it mean? I just made up the PAC file with NV = mtd6.backupfixnv.yaffs2.img extracted from other phone (same model). This is what was supposed to be done isn't it? Is the error saying that I got a wrong nvitem file or something? I couldn't extract nvitem.bin file so I just pointed it to the mtd6.backupfixnv.yaffs2.img file. Thanks ...  

Good Guide! All steps are described clearly... But in the case of Spredtrum YXTEL G926 (Clone of Galaxy Ace) we have to UNCHECK all the items in Calibration Tab also.... :victory:  

brijeshep said: But in the case of Spredtrum YXTEL G926 (Clone of Galaxy Ace) we have to UNCHECK all the items in Calibration Tab also.... Click to expand... Click to collapse

• Apr 10, 2014

Ravage32 said: How To Use Research Download! Hey all! I was looking around the web and i didn't seem able to find a actually proper tutorial on how to use research download for flashing phones and such. It not necessarily difficult it just took me a while to figure out how to use when i first started using it so i thought I'd make a tutorial for anyone who doesn't know it Glossary Flash: To overwrite your phones existing software with another. Rom: Firmware for your phone. .pac file: File in which research download uses. Before this it is important to have the VCOM drivers for you phone installed on your computer. (Links Below) To start go ahead and press the first gear button. This will open up a browse menu Use the menu to browse for where your .pac file for your phone is saved. These files are usually given from the phones manufacture. The browse menu can only open .pac files. Once the file is loaded you can tell, you will be able to see the name on the bar (as shown). Next press the second gear to open up the settings menu. 1. How much to port (self explanatory) 2. Bautrate. Leave this at 115200 unless your phone manufacture said otherwise. This works for the SC6820. 3. This will be automatically selected once you load the .pac file. 4. Where all the files are stored. You can actually extract these once you load a .pac file hehe . 5. Name of Each file. If its ticked it will be flashed. You can untick things you don't want to be flashed. 6. This is just if your going to build a .pac file from parts, don't worry about it that's a whole other thing. Once your don't editing the settings you can go ahead and press Ok. After your done press the arrow like button. This will start the process and have it ready for your phone. Take the battery out of your phone now for at least 15 seconds. Place it back and plug in the usb while simultaneously holding the volume down button. You should see in research download that it has started flashing! ( You can let go of the volume key now ) When it is finished just press the stop button and disconnect your phone! :victory: Feel free to ask questions, but PLEASE don't quote this whole thing. Quote sections! Cheers! :good: Links Research Download: http://www.mediafire.com/download/1gt7yr1ae7dc97g/ResearchDownload R2.9.7002.zip Drivers: http://www.mediafire.com/download/cyi7knz4q66bbbx/Spredtrum Drivers LATEST.zip Click to expand... Click to collapse

• May 9, 2014

Java Baba said: Here is what i had done: 1.Loaded all the required drivers which include com port driver,usb debug drivers. 2.Loaded .pac firmware file into research downloader,baud rate selected 115200, and in windows PORTS also. 3.Clicked on play button and pressed volume down (and up key - next time) button then plugged in the micro usb cable. 4.It start detecting two ports vendor specific and status changes to CHECKING BAUDRATE which never ends. My device is just refusing BOOT after the BOLT logo. Click to expand... Click to collapse

• May 10, 2014

soko89 said: i have the same problem =/ Click to expand... Click to collapse

Zacktamondo

• May 12, 2014

abhimortal6

• Oct 7, 2014

For those who wants to make a .pac file from spreadtrum backup for those who wants to unbrick their spreadtrum phones Enjoy...! Dont Forget to hit thanks! Go to - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s6qMzYnVB8  

• Oct 18, 2014

abhimortal6 said: for those who wants to unbrick their spreadtrum phones Enjoy...! Dont Forget to hit thanks! Go to - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s6qMzYnVB8 Click to expand... Click to collapse

• Oct 20, 2014

akisg said: I'm trying to unbrick a chinese elitek f6658 device. The only rom i've found for this device is this Elitek f6658 . There should be a .pac file in order to flash this but in the rom package i can't find any, only a .p5c file. Tried to extract all the files inside in order to create a .pac file as mentioned above, but i can't find 1-2 .img files that are needed for packaging and the result is an error when trying to load the packet file. Anyone have any idea how can i restore this chinese brick? Click to expand... Click to collapse

• Feb 7, 2015

Pressed Play Button And connected my device.. but no any progress shown in Research download..plz help..  

Make sure you have ALL the drivers installed correctly and that when u first connect it its showing up as somthing like "Spreadtrum phone" connected in your new devices popups. Probably good to restart the computer after you install the drivers. Are you using 64 or 32 bit? Ive had lots of troubles lately with 64bit windows 8 because drivers would not install because of signature verification. Works better on windows 7.  

• Feb 9, 2015

P5C file flash tool Use this micromax A075 flash tool to flash .p5c file salim  

• Feb 11, 2015

Getting FDL2 Error.sir plx help me.. Device-Karbonn A6  

• Feb 21, 2015

I have a T9500b htm and I have a doubt, in steps 5 and 6 what options must i select and what not. ? the phone block with to much unlock tries, I trying to do a factory restore. I don't want brick the phone.  

timohnjunge

• Mar 23, 2016

cant use the spd tool i flashed a wrong boot image to my phone (Itel 1502 , sp7731) using flashify. then after a reboot my phone got stuck on the boot menu just displaying the inote logo. i thought on flashing a fresh stock rom. but the problem is, after connecting my phone to the computer it displays windows cant recognise the usb device. then the spd tool displays that the device is unpluged. please help.  

• May 27, 2016

Micromax A27/O+ 8.31 Android Good Day Ms. / Mr. ? I have O+ 8.31 android that are compatible with the OS of micromax a27.. I used this tool for flashing stock rom of my bootloop phone and it will be ok. But when i tried to uncheck some files and i only select boot logo to change the logo of stock rom of MM a27 after i flash the logo of O+ my phone is dead, i tried to switch on and it will never turn on and when i connect my phone in my computer, cannot be detected my phone even charging it is does not work?? I think i deleted the whole OS of my phone?? But the battery of my phone is full!! What can I do now to fix it?? Please help! ???? thanks for advice in advance! ??  

• May 31, 2016

hello sir. I've tried your guide but mine is on working. when i hit start download button their no progress of status showing or any happens. please help i want to flash O+ 8.96 phone.thanks  

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How to use SPD Research Tool

These are instructions on how to use SPD Research Tool to Flash or install .pac Firmware (ROM) on devices running on Spreadtrum/Unisoc Chipset.

Caution : Flashing or installing Stock Firmware using the SPD Research Tool will wipe the personal data from the device. Therefore, we recommend you take a backup of your data before using the tool.

Install .pac Firmware using SPD Research Tool

• Download and Install Spreadtrum USB Driver on your Computer (if in case Spreadtrum Driver is already installed, then SKIP this Step).

• Download Stock Firmware (.pac based) of your Spreadtrum Device (if in case you have already downloaded the Stock Firmware, then SKIP this Step or else you can find the .pac based Stock Firmware on FirmwareFile or through Google).

• Now, Extract SPD Research Tool on your computer (assuming you have already downloaded it; if not then Download SPD Research Tool ). Once you have extracted the tool, you will be able to see the following files:

• Now, Open ResearchDownload.exe .

• Once Research Tool is launched, you will be able to see the following screen:

• Now, Click on the Load Packet Button:

• Locate the .pac firmware on your computer (assuming you have already downloaded the firmware of your device on the computer) and Click on Open Button:

• Now, Connect your Spreadtrum Mobile device to the computer (make sure the device is Power Off):

• Now, Click on the Start Downloading Button to begin the installation or flashing process.

• Now, the installation process will begin and may take a couple of minutes to complete.

• During the flashing process, your device will restart automatically. Once the installation process is completed, you will be able to see the Green Passed Message:

• Now, Close SPD Research Tool and Disconnect your Spreadtrum Device from the Computer.

[*] Bin Packet load Error : If you are facing Bin Packet Error while loading the .pac Firmware, then we recommend you to try with this version of SPD Upgrade Tool .

[*] SPD USB Driver : If you are looking for the original SPD USB Driver, then head over to the SPD Driver page.

[*] How to Write or Fix IMEI : After flashing (installing) the stock firmware on Spreadtrum/Unisoc Device, you may need to Write or Fix the IMEI aswell. To fix the IMEI issue, use WriteIMEI or Read&Write Tool .

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Your personal research assistant

Zotero is a free, easy-to-use tool to help you collect, organize, annotate, cite, and share research.

Available for Mac, Windows, Linux, and iOS

Just need to create a quick bibliography? Try ZoteroBib .

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Collect with a click..

Zotero automatically senses research as you browse the web. Need an article from JSTOR or a preprint from arXiv.org? A news story from the New York Times or a book from a library? Zotero has you covered, everywhere.

Organize your way.

Zotero helps you organize your research any way you want. You can sort items into collections and tag them with keywords. Or create saved searches that automatically fill with relevant materials as you work.

Cite in style.

Zotero instantly creates references and bibliographies for any text editor, and directly inside Word, LibreOffice, and Google Docs. With support for over 9,000 citation styles, you can format your work to match any style guide or publication.

Stay in sync.

Zotero can optionally synchronize your data across devices, keeping your files, notes, and bibliographic records seamlessly up to date. If you decide to sync, you can also always access your research from any web browser.

Collaborate freely.

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Still not sure which program to use for your research? See why we think you should choose Zotero .

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9 Must-Have Online Tools for Researchers

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Research is already time-intensive work. And little tasks like formatting or citing eat up more of your time. Luckily, you can automate these tedious tasks to a large extent and focus more on actual research.

Here, we’ve rounded up all the online tools researchers should have in their arsenal—from Google Scholar to Citationsy.

1. Google Scholar

Google Scholar is perhaps the most popular tool for finding scholarly literature on a plethora of topics. The search engine makes it simple for anyone to explore academic papers, theses, case law, books, etc.

On the search results page, you can view the author name, journal title, and total citations, which can help you gauge the credibility of the paper. Similarly, you can view related articles to explore the topic in detail.

Besides helping you find relevant information, Google Scholar lets you organize articles in your library. Create labels, sort by dates, and maintain a reading list to keep up with the latest research in your field.

You can also create your Google Scholar profile to show your work on Google Scholar and track citations to your work. Although it is an excellent tool, there are alternatives to Google Scholar in case it doesn’t work for you.

Zotero describes itself as “your personal research assistant”, and we tend to agree. The tool cuts down on several monotonous tasks, like collecting research sources and adding citations.

If you have saved hundreds of information sources, finding the information you need can be difficult. Zotero solves this problem by letting you organize files into categories and assign keywords. With each saved item, you can add notes, attachments, and related material.

Zotero also simplifies the referencing by creating citations and bibliographies. Although the Zotero desktop client offers more features, the browser extension can save sources in the online library, letting you organize, tag, and cite them.

Best of all, it allows collaboration and sharing of documents. Zotero is a free, open-source project. However, you'll need to pay for storage if the 300 MB free plan doesn’t work for you.

Download: Zotero for Google Chrome | Microsoft Edge (Free, Paid)

3. ResearchGate

Although most researchers are already familiar with ResearchGate, the platform deserves a mention here. It’s a networking platform for researchers, having over 20 million accounts.

You can follow other researchers, share your work, and ask questions from domain experts. Similarly, you can showcase your research and projects to a wider audience and receive feedback. Based on your profile, ResearchGate can also help you connect with potential job opportunities.

With over 135 million pages of scholarly literature, ResearchGate helps you explore publications on various topics and follow specific projects/questions. Creating an account here is free. But, you’ll need to have an institutional email address or go through additional checks to ensure you’re a researcher.

4. Mendeley

Mendeley is much similar to Zotero, as it allows you to save papers, organize your library, and add citations in various styles.

What sets it apart though is that it has a user-friendly interface and a search engine for finding research papers. You can narrow the results down by year, journal title, author, and document type.

Directly from the search results page, you can add papers to your collection and view Open Access papers. Likewise, Mendeley Data lets you find research datasets.

Mendeley has a career section with thousands of listed vacancies—a great resource for finding technical jobs. It is available, both as a desktop application and a web-based tool (with browser extension). The free plan allows you to store 2 GB of data, after which you'll have to pay $4.99 per month or more, depending on your needs.

Download: Mendeley for Google Chrome | Firefox (Free, Paid)

5. SciSpace

If you spend hours on getting the formatting correct, SciSpace is for you. This awesome web-based editor makes it simple to write and format your research papers, thanks to the huge collection of templates.

From a single editor screen, you can write, format, add citations, check plagiarism, and insert tables. You can collaborate with other researchers directly using SciSpace.

Besides publishing tools, SciSpace can help you discover scholarly literature and has an index of over 270 million papers. So you can search for papers by topic, authors, journals, and institutions.

SciSpace has a free plan, albeit with quite limited features. So if you’re serious, you can subscribe to SciSpace for $20 per month.

6. Turnitin

Before submitting your research work, it’s necessary to run a plagiarism report and ensure the content is original.

Unless you've specific requirements about the software, Turnitin works great. It can detect plagiarism in academic work, thanks to its gigantic library of published papers.

The iThenticate service is specially designed for publishers. Using this tool, you can make adjustments to similarity criteria and view attached sources. For researchers who work in a group, it allows sharing folders.

Turnitin is a paid tool and only has an institutional license. So, you'll have to request quotes.

8. Hypothesis

Hypothesis is a Chrome extension that allows you to highlight documents and add notes. However, the main feature of this tool is the ability to collaborate seamlessly with your coworkers. You can add people to a group, share the document with them, and annotate documents.

Hypothesis is free to use. Although it looks like a simple extension, it’s one of the best tools to annotate web pages for research .

9. Citationsy

If you hate adding citations, try using Citationsy. The intuitive reference manager can add citations and references in various styles automatically. You've to only select the journal and article in the Citations section.

Whether you want to cite a journal article, book, website, or podcast, Citationsy makes it easy. You can share the bibliographies with your fellow researchers.

Citationsy costs $9.99 per month and $4.99 per month for students. It has browser extensions as well as mobile applications.

Simplify Your Research Workflow

We get it. Research ain’t an easy task. But perhaps what is more frustrating are all the little tasks that add little value. But thanks to these tools, you boost your productivity, collaborate seamlessly with your co-workers, and focus on the actual research.

In case you’ve just stepped into the field of research, there are tools to help you polish your skills as well.

• Online Tools
• Website Lists

Download SPD Research Tool Latest Version

There are plenty of Android flash tools available for every smartphone brand. Odin is used by Samsung, whereas SP Flash Tool is used by MediaTek phones. Similarly, the SPD Research Tool is developed especially for Spreadtrum-powered mobile phones. If your mobile is stuck on the logo or is having black screen issues, then you can use this tool to easily restore factory settings.

What is SPD Research Tool?

SPD Research Tool aka Spreadtrum Flash Tool is a lightweight Windows software used to flash stock firmware on Spreadtrum chipset phones. It is compatible with 64-bit and 32-bit Windows 10, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, and Windows XP operating systems. Besides, it also allows you to flash PAC and P5C firmware packages on your Spreadtrum Android smartphones and tablets.

Furthermore, you can even use this Android flashing tool to install TWRP custom recovery, flash CF-Auto-Root package, custom ROMs, etc. It works as the best Android all-in-one tool for SPD phones. Since it is used to upgrade mobile software, this PC software is also known as SPD Upgrade Download Tool. Simply connect your phone to the PC, and open this tool to begin the flashing procedure.

Here are some of the highlighted features of the SPD Research Tool.

1. Simple User Interface

It comes with an easy and comfortable-to-use UI. Moreover, it is specially built for noobs and entry-level beginners. All you need to do is open the Android stock ROM using the Load Firmware button. Then press the Start button to begin the firmware installation process.

2. Portable Device

This is a portable software and does not need any installation wizard. All you need to do is run the FactoryDownload.exe file to initiate the application.

3. Supported Device

It is a very lightweight tool and is compatible with both 32-bit as well as 64-bit Windows 10, Windows 7, Windows 8, Windows 8.1, Windows Vista, and Windows XP.

4. Free Tool

This tool is absolutely free of cost. That means you do not have to pay a single penny for the firmware installation process.

5. Supports Spreadtrum Chipset

This tool works only on Android devices running on the Spreadtrum processor. As soon as you connect your device to your PC using a USB cable, it will automatically detect your mobile. It is pretty easy and simple to use.

6. Flash PAC firmware

Using this software, you can quickly flash PAC stock ROM on your Spreadtrum chipset smartphone and tablet. Moreover, it also fixes the problem of Bin packet error shown in the SPD Flash tool.

R4.0.0001: SPD Research Tool R4.0.0001

R23.19.5101: SPD Research Tool R23.19.5101

R24.0.0003: SPD Research Tool R24.0.0003 – Latest

How to Use SPD Research Tool

• Install Spreadtrum USB Drivers on your Windows OS.
• Furthermore, download the Android stock ROM file in PAC format.
• Moreover, download and extract the above-mentioned tool.
• From the extracted folder, run the FactoryDownload.exe  application.
• Next, click on the load packet  button.
• Browse and open the downloaded Firmware.pac  file on the tool.
• Besides, switch off your Spreadtrum Android device.
• Then, connect the device to your PC using a standard USB cable.
• At last, click on the Start downloading button to start the Spreadtrum firmware flashing procedure.
• Note that your device will automatically reboot itself.
• Do not disconnect it from the PC.
• Upon completion, the tool will show a Green Pass  message.

Finally! This is how you can download and flash stock firmware using SPD Research Tool. If you have any problems with this article, please comment below. I’ll help you out as soon as possible. Thank you!

Leave a Comment Cancel reply

1 thought on “ download spd research tool latest version ”.

Wish you had a Linux version, all of my computers are Linux and Wine does not work with this tool.

30+ Essential Software for Researchers

Are you stuck with inefficient research tools? Discover the best essential software for researchers to revolutionize your work.

But here’s the good news: online tools for researchers can turn these challenges into manageable tasks.

Table of Contents

This paradigm shift signifies the evolution of academia from a space where only the intellectually elite thrive, to a nurturing environment that promotes intellectual curiosity and learning for all.

Essential Software for Researchers

#1. google scholar: best for scholarly literature search and keeping up-to-date with research in your field.

It helps you pinpoint where your investigation could contribute to the existing body of knowledge. Here are other academic journal discovery platforms that can help you at this stage of research .

Source: https://scholar.google.com

#2. NVivo: Best for Designing and Conducting Qualitative Research

NVivo stands as a beacon of hope for qualitative researchers in the data fog. Its unique features categorize, analyze, and draw connections like a seasoned detective, unearthing meaningful insights with ease. 

Source: Lumivero

#3. Qualtrics: Best for Survey Design and Distribution

In the world of survey research, Qualtrics is your steadfast ally. It not only simplifies the process but also empowers you to glean meaningful insights from the data, adding immense value to your research. You can also check out other survey tools.

#4. SPSS: Best for Statistical Analysis and Data Interpretation

If statistical analysis is your battleground, SPSS becomes your formidable armor. This software doesn’t merely crunch numbers; it possesses the alchemical ability to transform them into comprehensible insights, making data interpretation a breeze rather than a battle. 

Source: https://www.ibm.com

#5. Tableau: Best for Data Visualization and Reporting

How much does it cost?

#6. Overleaf: Best for Collaborative Writing and LaTeX Editing

Overleaf facilitates collaboration and simplifying the editing process, making crafting complex documents less daunting and more productive. You can learn more about LaTeX tutorials here.

#7. Grammarly: Best for Checking Grammar and Improving Writing Clarity

With Grammarly at your side, you’re not just writing; you’re crafting compelling narratives. This tool helps ensure that your ideas shine brightly, unmarred by grammatical errors or unclear writing.

#8. Turnitin: Best for Plagiarism Checking and Originality Reports

With Turnitin’s cutting-edge technology, students and educators can have the confidence that their academic pursuits maintain the highest standards of integrity and authenticity. 

#9. Mendeley: Best for Discovering New Research and Collaborative Work

Source: https://www.mendeley.com

#10. Zotero: Best for Collecting, Organizing, and Citing Research Sources

Source: https://www.zotero.org

#11. Trello: Best for Research Project Management and Task Organization

#12. researchgate: best for connecting with fellow researchers and sharing publications.

This dynamic environment empowers you to stay at the forefront of knowledge and contribute to the scientific community.

#13. Notion: Best for Comprehensive Note-Taking and Project Management

With Notion, the tedious becomes straightforward, the overwhelming becomes manageable, and the complex becomes clear. It’s about getting the most out of your A-level studies, fostering a sense of achievement while making the process enjoyable. So, buckle up and let Notion revolutionize the way you work.

#14. Quillbot: Best for Paraphrasing and Improving Writing Clarity

Here are other academic writing tools you may need.

#15. Jasper AI: Best for AI-Powered Writing Assistance

Ever dreamt of having a personal writing mentor, constantly at your beck and call, simplifying the intricacies of academic writing for you? Welcome Jasper AI into your world – an exemplary writing companion that surpasses the functionalities of a typical digital assistant. 

#16. GanttPRO: Best for Project Scheduling and Time Management

Source: https://ganttpro.com

#17. Scholarcy: Best for Quick Summarization of Academic Papers

Source: https://www.scholarcy.com

#18. R Discovery: Best for Statistical Analysis and Data Visualization

Source: https://discovery.researcher.life

#19. Scopus: Best for Comprehensive Literature Search and Citation Tracking

Source: https://www.scopus.com

#20. Journal Finder: Best for Identifying the Right Journals for Publishing Your Research

Source: https://journalfinder.elsevier.com

#21. Global Journal Database: Best for Accessing Information about Various Journals

Source: https://researcher.life

#22. Citation Gecko: Best for Literature Review and Citation Network Exploration

Source: https://www.citationgecko.com

#23. OpenRefine: Best for Cleaning and Transforming Messy Data

Source: https://openrefine.org

#24. MATLAB: Best for Complex Mathematical Calculations and Data Analysis

Source: https://www.mathworks.com

#25. Amazon Drive: Best for Storing and Sharing Research Files

Source: https://www.amazon.com

#26. Otter.ai: Best for Transcription of Interviews and Meetings

Source: https://otter.ai

#27. LabView: Best for Data Acquisition and Instrument Control in Lab Environments

Source: https://www.ni.com

#28. SAS: Best for Advanced Statistical Analysis and Predictive Modeling

Source: https://www.sas.com

#29. BioRender: Best for Creating Scientific Figures and Illustrations

Source: https://www.biorender.com

#30. Slack: Best for Team Communication and Collaboration

Source: https://slack.com

#31. RStudio: Best for Statistical Computing and Graphics in R

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10 free online tools for scientific research

 X min read 

As the landscape of scientific research evolves, the shift towards online tools has introduced a sea of resources that can profoundly impact the productivity and effectiveness of scientific endeavors.

The key is to identify tools that enhance your research without complicating your process.

While diving into this ocean of resources, there are several important things to look for:

• Ease of Use: Opt for tools with intuitive interfaces.
• Artificial Intelligence: Look for AI integration to automate and enhance research tasks.
• Data Security: Ensure compliance with the latest data security and privacy standards.
• Software Integration: Favor tools that offer seamless integration with existing systems.
• Accuracy: Verify that the tools provide precise and correct information.
• Free Access: Confirm that there’s a genuinely free offer, not just a trial period that requires future payment.

With these criteria in mind, let’s explore ten free online tools that could become indispensable for your scientific research.

1. Semantic Scholar

Powered by AI, Semantic Scholar is a free, nonprofit research tool that stands out for its smart search capabilities.

It sifts through millions of publications to bring you the most relevant and impactful studies, cutting down the time you’d typically spend on literature review.

With a focus on AI, Semantic Scholar offers personalized recommendations, citation summaries, and key phrase extractions that make keeping up with your field’s latest a breeze.

Visit Semantic Scholar

2. Connected Papers

Connected Papers offers a unique visual take on research, building an interactive graph that shows the connections between scientific papers.

It’s like having a bird’s-eye view of the research landscape, allowing you to trace the development of ideas and how they relate to one another. This can uncover pivotal papers that might otherwise slip through the cracks.

Visit Connected Papers

3. Scholarcy

Scholarcy is your AI-powered reading companion, making sense of complex academic papers by breaking them down into digestible summaries.

Imagine having the ability to absorb the core themes and conclusions of a dense, 30-page document in a matter of minutes. Scholarcy makes this a reality, highlighting the methodology, results, and discussions that are central to understanding the paper’s contribution to the field.

This tool is perfect for researchers who are pressed for time but need to stay ahead of the curve. With Scholarcy, you can easily grasp the essence of lengthy publications and build a knowledge base faster than ever.

Visit Scholarcy

4. Consensus

Imagine if you could quickly gauge the consensus of the scientific community on a particular topic. That’s exactly what Consensus aims to do.

Powered by the sophisticated GPT-4 model, Consensus operates as a dynamic search engine that delivers not just search results but a synthesized understanding of where the scientific agreement lies on complex subjects.

With its AI-driven analysis, it reviews multiple studies and delivers a consensus view, helping to inform your research stance.

It’s like a digital synthesis of expert opinions at your fingertips.

Visit Consensus

5. Research Rabbit

Research Rabbit is more than just a tool; it’s your research exploration partner. It helps you discover and organize literature in a personalized research landscape.

The magic of Research Rabbit lies in its ability to learn and adapt to your research behavior, suggesting not just content but also potential pathways your research could take.

It’s much like having a personal librarian who not only knows your research interests but also suggests connections you might not have considered, leading to innovative ideas and directions.

Visit Research Rabbit

6. Audemic.io

Audemic.io stands out in the digital research tools space by transforming the way we consume scientific literature. It leverages the power of audio to make research papers accessible in a format that’s perfect for the multitasking researcher.

Whether you’re commuting or running an experiment, Audemic.io ensures that you can keep up with the latest publications by listening, making the continuous learning process a seamless part of your daily routine.

Visit Audemic.io

Zotero revolutionizes the way researchers manage their references.

Zotero is a haven for anyone looking to organize their sources, offering an intuitive platform for collecting, organizing, and citing research materials. With it, you can easily create bibliographies and in-text citations in a variety of citation styles, which are essential for manuscript preparation.

Zotero holds the distinction of being the oldest tool on this list. Having stood the test of time since its inception in 2006, it proves that a tool does not require all the bells and whistles, or even AI technology, to remain relevant and useful in the fast-paced world of academic research.

Its continued popularity underscores the fact that reliability, ease of use, and a user-focused approach never go out of style.

Visit Zotero

8. Protocols.io

Protocols.io is an indispensable tool for researchers who understand that the devil is often in the details—particularly when it comes to experimental protocols. This platform allows for the creation, sharing, and collaborative refinement of protocols.

Not only does it provide a dynamic space for protocol management, but it also seamlessly integrates with SciNote —a comprehensive electronic lab notebook—allowing for an efficient transition from planning to execution.

Visit Protocols.io

9. Scite.ai

Scite.ai takes a novel approach to assessing the reliability of scientific papers.

Using a sophisticated AI, it analyzes citation contexts to provide “Smart Citations,” allowing researchers to see how a paper has been cited, and if its findings have been supported or contradicted.

This insight is crucial in gauging the impact and reliability of research findings , offering a new dimension to the citation analysis that goes beyond mere numbers.

Visit Scite.ai

10. SciNote ELN

Managing research data effectively is critical, and SciNote ELN is the online tool designed for this task.

It’s an electronic lab notebook that helps you keep your research data organized and secure. With features that support project management, team collaboration, and inventory tracking, SciNote is not just a digital notebook—it’s a central hub for managing all aspects of your research projects.

It’s designed to bring order to the complexity of research data, ensuring that every finding and experiment is documented comprehensively.

Visit SciNote ELN

Final Thoughts

In the current research landscape, these tools are more than conveniences; they’re necessities for staying current, connected, and creative in your work.

Whether you’re looking to manage data, streamline processes, or consume literature in innovative ways, the digital solutions available can significantly enhance the efficiency and impact of your research.

Each of these tools offers a unique angle on the research process, tailored to save time, foster collaboration, and enhance discovery.

By incorporating these into your workflow, you embrace a future where technology and science go hand in hand, creating a symbiosis that propels both forward.

Whether through AI-powered summaries or visual mapping of the literature, these tools embody the innovative spirit of the scientific community. By leveraging these resources, researchers can stand on the shoulders of the digital giants to reach new heights in their academic and professional pursuits.

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(25-01-2021, 04:54 AM) haydar.rewwin ...

(12-02-2021, 01:37 PM) siamese007 Hello Sir and friends, Thank you sharing all the 3 tools for Unisoc. I downloaded and run R24 of all the 3 tools but got error missing some files .dll But R23 run fine for me. Is there anything I can do to fix these error of missing some files .dll?

(13-02-2021, 12:58 AM) X3non what dll is missing? maybe you need to install microsoft visual c++ redistributable

(13-02-2021, 06:02 AM) siamese007 Here are the screenshots of the errors. https://imgur.com/AZS9g5p https://imgur.com/JfOtNI8 I've installed MS Visual C++ 2005 2008 2010 2012 2013 2015.  Not sure which ones that I missed.

Instant insights, infinite possibilities

Top 21 must-have digital tools for researchers

Last updated

12 May 2023

Reviewed by

Jean Kaluza

Research drives many decisions across various industries, including:

Uncovering customer motivations and behaviors to design better products

Assessing whether a market exists for your product or service

Running clinical studies to develop a medical breakthrough

Conducting effective and shareable research can be a painstaking process. Manual processes are sluggish and archaic, and they can also be inaccurate. That’s where advanced online tools can help. 

The right tools can enable businesses to lean into research for better forecasting, planning, and more reliable decisions. 

• Why do researchers need research tools?

Research is challenging and time-consuming. Analyzing data , running focus groups , reading research papers , and looking for useful insights take plenty of heavy lifting. 

These days, researchers can’t just rely on manual processes. Instead, they’re using advanced tools that:

Speed up the research process

Enable new ways of reaching customers

Improve organization and accuracy

Allow better monitoring throughout the process

Enhance collaboration across key stakeholders

• The most important digital tools for researchers

Some tools can help at every stage, making researching simpler and faster.

They ensure accurate and efficient information collection, management, referencing, and analysis. 

Some of the most important digital tools for researchers include:

Research management tools

Research management can be a complex and challenging process. Some tools address the various challenges that arise when referencing and managing papers. 

.css-10ptwjf{-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;background:transparent;border:0;color:inherit;cursor:pointer;-webkit-flex-shrink:0;-ms-flex-negative:0;flex-shrink:0;-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.css-10ptwjf:disabled{opacity:0.6;pointer-events:none;} Zotero

Coined as a personal research assistant, Zotero is a tool that brings efficiency to the research process. Zotero helps researchers collect, organize, annotate, and share research easily. 

Zotero integrates with internet browsers, so researchers can easily save an article, publication, or research study on the platform for later. 

The tool also has an advanced organizing system to allow users to label, tag, and categorize information for faster insights and a seamless analysis process. 

Messy paper stacks––digital or physical––are a thing of the past with Paperpile. This reference management tool integrates with Google Docs, saving users time with citations and paper management. 

Referencing, researching, and gaining insights is much cleaner and more productive, as all papers are in the same place. Plus, it’s easier to find a paper when you need it. 

Acting as a single source of truth (SSOT), Dovetail houses research from the entire organization in a simple-to-use place. Researchers can use the all-in-one platform to collate and store data from interviews , forms, surveys , focus groups, and more. 

Dovetail helps users quickly categorize and analyze data to uncover truly actionable insights . This helps organizations bring customer insights into every decision for better forecasting, planning, and decision-making. 

Dovetail integrates with other helpful tools like ​Slack, Atlassian, Notion, and Zapier for a truly efficient workflow.

Putting together papers and referencing sources can be a huge time consumer. EndNote claims that researchers waste 200,000 hours per year formatting citations. 

To address the issue, the tool formats citations automatically––simultaneously creating a bibliography while the user writes. 

EndNote is also a cloud-based system that allows remote working, multiple-user interaction and collaboration, and seamless working on different devices. 

Information survey tools

Surveys are a common way to gain data from customers. These tools can make the process simpler and more cost-effective. 

With ready-made survey templates––to collect NPS data, customer effort scores , five-star surveys, and more––getting going with Delighted is straightforward. 

Delighted helps teams collect and analyze survey feedback without needing any technical knowledge. The templates are customizable, so you can align the content with your brand. That way, the survey feels like it’s coming from your company, not a third party. 

SurveyMonkey

With millions of customers worldwide, SurveyMonkey is another leader in online surveys. SurveyMonkey offers hundreds of templates that researchers can use to set up and deploy surveys quickly. 

Whether your survey is about team performance, hotel feedback, post-event feedback, or an employee exit, SurveyMonkey has a ready-to-use template. 

Typeform offers free templates you can quickly embed, which comes with a point of difference: It designs forms and surveys with people in mind, focusing on customer enjoyment. 

Typeform employs the ‘one question at a time’ method to keep engagement rates and completions high. It focuses on surveys that feel more like conversations than a list of questions.

Web data analysis tools

Collecting data can take time––especially technical information. Some tools make that process simpler. 

For those conducting clinical research, data collection can be incredibly time-consuming. Teamscope provides an online platform to collect and manage data simply and easily. 

Researchers and medical professionals often collect clinical data through paper forms or digital means. Those are too easy to lose, tricky to manage, and challenging to collaborate on. 

With Teamscope, you can easily collect, store, and electronically analyze data like patient-reported outcomes and surveys. 

Heap is a digital insights platform providing context on the entire customer journey . This helps businesses improve customer feedback , conversion rates, and loyalty. 

Through Heap, you can seamlessly view and analyze the customer journey across all platforms and touchpoints, whether through the app or website. 

Another analytics tool, Smartlook, combines quantitative and qualitative analytics into one platform. This helps organizations understand user behavior and make crucial improvements. 

Smartlook is useful for analyzing web pages, purchasing flows, and optimizing conversion rates. 

Project management tools

Managing multiple research projects across many teams can be complex and challenging. Project management tools can ease the burden on researchers. 

Visual productivity tool Trello helps research teams manage their projects more efficiently. Trello makes product tracking easier with:

A range of workflow options

Unique project board layouts

Advanced descriptions

Integrations

Trello also works as an SSOT to stay on top of projects and collaborate effectively as a team. 

To connect research, workflows, and teams, Airtable provides a clean interactive interface. 

With Airtable, it’s simple to place research projects in a list view, workstream, or road map to synthesize information and quickly collaborate. The Sync feature makes it easy to link all your research data to one place for faster action. 

For product teams, Asana gathers development, copywriting, design, research teams, and product managers in one space. 

As a task management platform, Asana offers all the expected features and more, including time-tracking and Jira integration. The platform offers reporting alongside data collection methods , so it’s a favorite for product teams in the tech space.

Grammar checker tools

Grammar tools ensure your research projects are professional and proofed. 

No one’s perfect, especially when it comes to spelling, punctuation, and grammar. That’s where Grammarly can help. 

Grammarly’s AI-powered platform reviews your content and corrects any mistakes. Through helpful integrations with other platforms––such as Gmail, Google Docs, Twitter, and LinkedIn––it’s simple to spellcheck as you go. 

Another helpful grammar tool is Trinka AI. Trinka is specifically for technical and academic styles of writing. It doesn’t just correct mistakes in spelling, punctuation, and grammar; it also offers explanations and additional information when errors show. 

Researchers can also use Trinka to enhance their writing and:

Align it with technical and academic styles

Improve areas like syntax and word choice

Discover relevant suggestions based on the content topic

Plagiarism checker tools

Avoiding plagiarism is crucial for the integrity of research. Using checker tools can ensure your work is original. 

Plagiarism checker Quetext uses DeepSearch™ technology to quickly sort through online content to search for signs of plagiarism. 

With color coding, annotations, and an overall score, it’s easy to identify conflict areas and fix them accordingly. 

Duplichecker

Another helpful plagiarism tool is Duplichecker, which scans pieces of content for issues. The service is free for content up to 1000 words, with paid options available after that. 

If plagiarism occurs, a percentage identifies how much is duplicate content. However, the interface is relatively basic, offering little additional information.  

Journal finder tools

Finding the right journals for your project can be challenging––especially with the plethora of inaccurate or predatory content online. Journal finder tools can solve this issue. 

Enago Journal Finder

The Enago Open Access Journal Finder sorts through online journals to verify their legitimacy. Through Engao, you can discover pre-vetted, high-quality journals through a validated journal index. 

Enago’s search tool also helps users find relevant journals for their subject matter, speeding up the research process. 

JournalFinder

JournalFinder is another journal tool that’s popular with academics and researchers. It makes the process of discovering relevant journals fast by leaning into a machine-learning algorithm.

This is useful for discovering key information and finding the right journals to publish and share your work in. 

Social networking for researchers

Collaboration between researchers can improve the accuracy and sharing of information. Promoting research findings can also be essential for public health, safety, and more. 

While typical social networks exist, some are specifically designed for academics.

ResearchGate

Networking platform ResearchGate encourages researchers to connect, collaborate, and share within the scientific community. With 20 million researchers on the platform, it's a popular choice. 

ResearchGate is founded on an intention to advance research. The platform provides topic pages for easy connection within a field of expertise and access to millions of publications to help users stay up to date. 

Academia is another commonly used platform that connects 220 million academics and researchers within their specialties. 

The platform aims to accelerate research with discovery tools and grow a researcher’s audience to promote their ideas. 

On Academia, users can access 47 million PDFs for free. They cover topics from mechanical engineering to applied economics and child psychology. 

• Expedited research with the power of tools

For researchers, finding data and information can be time-consuming and complex to manage. That’s where the power of tools comes in. 

Manual processes are slow, outdated, and have a larger potential for inaccuracies. 

Leaning into tools can help researchers speed up their processes, conduct efficient research, boost their accuracy, and share their work effectively. 

With tools available for project and data management, web data collection, and journal finding, researchers have plenty of assistance at their disposal.

When it comes to connecting with customers, advanced tools boost customer connection while continually bringing their needs and wants into products and services.

What are primary research tools?

Primary research is data and information that you collect firsthand through surveys, customer interviews, or focus groups. 

Secondary research is data and information from other sources, such as journals, research bodies, or online content. 

Primary researcher tools use methods like surveys and customer interviews. You can use these tools to collect, store, or manage information effectively and uncover more accurate insights. 

What is the difference between tools and methods in research?

Research methods relate to how researchers gather information and data. 

For example, surveys, focus groups, customer interviews, and A/B testing are research methods that gather information. 

On the other hand, tools assist areas of research. Researchers may use tools to more efficiently gather data, store data securely, or uncover insights. 

Tools can improve research methods, ensuring efficiency and accuracy while reducing complexity.

Should you be using a customer insights hub?

Do you want to discover previous research faster?

Do you share your research findings with others?

Do you analyze research data?

Start for free today, add your research, and get to key insights faster

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The SPD Research Tool R27.23.1902 (SpreadTrum Research Tool) is a Windows-based application developed explicitly for flashing or installing firmware on mobile devices powered by SpreadTrum/Unisoc chipsets.

Some of the Key features of the SPD Research Tool R27.23.1902 include:

• Firmware Flashing : This core feature enables users to update or downgrade the firmware of a SpreadTrum-powered device. It allows the installation of official or custom firmware, providing an avenue to fix software glitches, enhance performance, or install new features.
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• Multiple Languages : Understanding that users worldwide may require this tool, some versions offer support for various languages. This feature enhances accessibility, making it easier for non-English speakers to understand and use the tool.
• Format and Reset : This function allows users to format the device or perform a factory reset. It can be a valuable solution to software-related problems, such as system crashes, unresponsiveness, or persistent errors, restoring the device to its original state.
• Recovery Flashing : Flashing custom recovery images is a more advanced feature, allowing users more control over their device’s backup, restoration, and firmware installation. It enables the use of custom ROMs and other modifications to the system.
• Error Handling : Designed with built-in error handling capabilities, the tool provides specific error codes and messages if something goes wrong during the flashing process. This assists in troubleshooting and guiding users in identifying and rectifying the issue.

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SPD Research Tool R27.23.1902 is a small utility that is easy to use and can be used to flash the firmware on various Spreadtrum-powered devices, including smartphones, tablets, and feature phones. It can also be used to repair devices that are bricked or stuck in a boot loop.

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SPD Research Tool R27.23.1902 is a portable application, eliminating the need for installation on your computer. Download the Flash Tool onto your computer, extract the contents, and open the ResearchDownload.exe file to launch the program.

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• Volume 58, Issue 17
• Where is the research on sport-related concussion in Olympic athletes? A descriptive report and assessment of the impact of access to multidisciplinary care on recovery
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• http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3298-5719 Thomas Romeas 1 , 2 , 3 ,
• http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1748-7241 Félix Croteau 3 , 4 , 5 ,
• Suzanne Leclerc 3 , 4
• 1 Sport Sciences , Institut national du sport du Québec , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
• 2 School of Optometry , Université de Montréal , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
• 3 IOC Research Centre for Injury Prevention and Protection of Athlete Health , Réseau Francophone Olympique de la Recherche en Médecine du Sport , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
• 4 Sport Medicine , Institut national du sport du Québec , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
• 5 School of Physical and Occupational Therapy , McGill University , Montreal , Quebec , Canada
• Correspondence to Dr Thomas Romeas; thomas.romeas{at}umontreal.ca

Objectives This cohort study reported descriptive statistics in athletes engaged in Summer and Winter Olympic sports who sustained a sport-related concussion (SRC) and assessed the impact of access to multidisciplinary care and injury modifiers on recovery.

Methods 133 athletes formed two subgroups treated in a Canadian sport institute medical clinic: earlier (≤7 days) and late (≥8 days) access. Descriptive sample characteristics were reported and unrestricted return to sport (RTS) was evaluated based on access groups as well as injury modifiers. Correlations were assessed between time to RTS, history of concussions, the number of specialist consults and initial symptoms.

Results 160 SRC (median age 19.1 years; female=86 (54%); male=74 (46%)) were observed with a median (IQR) RTS duration of 34.0 (21.0–63.0) days. Median days to care access was different in the early (1; n SRC =77) and late (20; n SRC =83) groups, resulting in median (IQR) RTS duration of 26.0 (17.0–38.5) and 45.0 (27.5–84.5) days, respectively (p<0.001). Initial symptoms displayed a meaningful correlation with prognosis in this study (p<0.05), and female athletes (52 days (95% CI 42 to 101)) had longer recovery trajectories than male athletes (39 days (95% CI 31 to 65)) in the late access group (p<0.05).

Conclusions Olympic athletes in this cohort experienced an RTS time frame of about a month, partly due to limited access to multidisciplinary care and resources. Earlier access to care shortened the RTS delay. Greater initial symptoms and female sex in the late access group were meaningful modifiers of a longer RTS.

• Brain Concussion
• Cohort Studies
• Retrospective Studies

Data availability statement

Data are available on reasonable request. Due to the confidential nature of the dataset, it will be shared through a controlled access repository and made available on specific and reasonable requests.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2024-108211

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WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ON THIS TOPIC

Most data regarding the impact of sport-related concussion (SRC) guidelines on return to sport (RTS) are derived from collegiate or recreational athletes. In these groups, time to RTS has steadily increased in the literature since 2005, coinciding with the evolution of RTS guidelines. However, current evidence suggests that earlier access to care may accelerate recovery and RTS time frames.

WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS

This study reports epidemiological data on the occurrence of SRC in athletes from several Summer and Winter Olympic sports with either early or late access to multidisciplinary care. We found the median time to RTS for Olympic athletes with an SRC was 34.0 days which is longer than that reported in other athletic groups such as professional or collegiate athletes. Time to RTS was reduced by prompt access to multidisciplinary care following SRC, and sex-influenced recovery in the late access group with female athletes having a longer RTS timeline. Greater initial symptoms, but not prior concussion history, were also associated with a longer time to RTS.

HOW THIS STUDY MIGHT AFFECT RESEARCH, PRACTICE OR POLICY

Considerable differences exist in access to care for athletes engaged in Olympic sports, which impact their recovery. In this cohort, several concussions occurred during international competitions where athletes are confronted with poor access to organised healthcare. Pathways for prompt access to multidisciplinary care should be considered by healthcare authorities, especially for athletes who travel internationally and may not have the guidance or financial resources to access recommended care.

Introduction

After two decades of consensus statements, sport-related concussion (SRC) remains a high focus of research, with incidence ranging from 0.1 to 21.5 SRC per 1000 athlete exposures, varying according to age, sex, sport and level of competition. 1 2 Evidence-based guidelines have been proposed by experts to improve its identification and management, such as those from the Concussion in Sport Group. 3 Notably, they recommend specific strategies to improve SRC detection and monitoring such as immediate removal, 4 prompt access to healthcare providers, 5 evidence-based interventions 6 and multidisciplinary team approaches. 7 It is believed that these guidelines contribute to improving the early identification and management of athletes with an SRC, thereby potentially mitigating its long-term consequences.

Nevertheless, evidence regarding the impact of SRC guidelines implementation remains remarkably limited, especially within high-performance sport domains. In fact, most reported SRC data focus on adolescent student-athletes, collegiate and sometimes professional athletes in the USA but often neglect Olympians. 1 2 8–11 Athletes engaged in Olympic sports, often referred to as elite amateurs, are typically classified among the highest performers in elite sport, alongside professional athletes. 12 13 They train year-round and uniquely compete regularly on the international stage in sports that often lack professional leagues and rely on highly variable resources and facilities, mostly dependent on winning medals. 14 Unlike professional athletes, Olympians do not have access to large financial rewards. Although some Olympians work or study in addition to their intensive sports practice, they can devote more time to full-time sports practice compared with collegiate athletes. Competition calendars in Olympians differ from collegiate athletes, with periodic international competitions (eg, World Cups, World Championships) throughout the whole year rather than regular domestic competitions within a shorter season (eg, semester). Olympians outclass most collegiate athletes, and only the best collegiate athletes will have the chance to become Olympians and/or professionals. 12 13 15 In Canada, a primary reason for limited SRC data in Olympic sports is that the Canadian Olympic and Paralympic Sports Institute (COPSI) network only adopted official guidelines in 2018 to standardise care for athletes’ SRC nationwide. 16 17 The second reason could be the absence of a centralised medical structure and surveillance systems, identified as key factors contributing to the under-reporting and underdiagnosis of athletes with an SRC. 18

Among the available evidence on the evolution of SRC management, a 2023 systematic review and meta-analysis in athletic populations including children, adolescents and adults indicated that a full return to sport (RTS) could take up to a month but is estimated to require 19.8 days on average (15.4 days in adults), as opposed to the initial expectation of approximately 10.0 days based on studies published prior to 2005. 19 In comparison, studies focusing strictly on American collegiate athletes report median times to RTS of 16 days. 9 20 21 Notably, a recent study of military cadets reported an even longer return to duty times of 29.4 days on average, attributed to poorer access to care and fewer incentives to return to play compared with elite sports. 22 In addition, several modifiers have also been identified as influencing the time to RTS, such as the history of concussions, type of sport, sex, past medical problems (eg, preinjury modifiers), as well as the initial number of symptoms and their severity (eg, postinjury modifiers). 20 22 The evidence regarding the potential influence of sex on the time to RTS has yielded mixed findings in this area. 23–25 In fact, females are typically under-represented in SRC research, highlighting the need for additional studies that incorporate more balanced sample representation across sexes and control for known sources of bias. 26 Interestingly, a recent Concussion Assessment, Research and Education Consortium study, which included a high representation of concussed female athletes (615 out of 1071 patients), revealed no meaningful differences in RTS between females and males (13.5 and 11.8 days, respectively). 27 Importantly, findings in the sporting population suggested that earlier initiation of clinical care is linked to shorter recovery after concussion. 5 28 However, these factors affecting the time to RTS require a more thorough investigation, especially among athletes engaged in Olympic sports who may or may not have equal access to prompt, high-quality care.

Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to provide descriptive statistics among athletes with SRC engaged in both Summer and Winter Olympic sport programmes over a quadrennial, and to assess the influence of recommended guidelines of the COPSI network and the fifth International Consensus Conference on Concussion in Sport on the duration of RTS performance. 16 17 Building on available evidence, the international schedule constraints, variability in resources 14 and high-performance expectation among this elite population, 22 prolonged durations for RTS, compared with what is typically reported (eg, 16.0 or 15.4 days), were hypothesised in Olympians. 3 19 The secondary objective was to more specifically evaluate the impact of access to multidisciplinary care and injury modifiers on the time to RTS. Based on current evidence, 5 7 29 30 the hypothesis was formulated that athletes with earlier multidisciplinary access would experience a faster RTS. Regarding injury modifiers, it was expected that female and male athletes would show similar time to RTS despite presenting sex-specific characteristics of SRC. 31 The history of concussions, the severity of initial symptoms and the number of specialist consults were expected to be positively correlated to the time to RTS. 20 32

Participants

A total of 133 athletes (F=72; M=61; mean age±SD: 20.7±4.9 years old) who received medical care at the Institut national du sport du Québec, a COPSI training centre set up with a medical clinic, were included in this cohort study with retrospective analysis. They participated in 23 different Summer and Winter Olympic sports which were classified into six categories: team (soccer, water polo), middle distance/power (rowing, swimming), speed/strength (alpine skiing, para alpine skiing, short and long track speed skating), precision/skill-dependent (artistic swimming, diving, equestrian, figure skating, gymnastics, skateboard, synchronised skating, trampoline) and combat/weight-making (boxing, fencing, judo, para judo, karate, para taekwondo, wrestling) sports. 13 This sample consists of two distinct groups: (1) early access group in which athletes had access to a medical integrated support team of multidisciplinary experts within 7 days following their SRC and (2) late access group composed of athletes who had access to a medical integrated support team of multidisciplinary experts eight or more days following their SRC. 5 30 Inclusion criteria for the study were participation in a national or international-level sports programme 13 and having sustained at least one SRC diagnosed by an authorised healthcare practitioner (eg, physician and/or physiotherapist).

Clinical context

The institute clinic provides multidisciplinary services for care of patients with SRC including a broad range of recommended tests for concussion monitoring ( table 1 ). The typical pathway for the athletes consisted of an initial visit to either a sports medicine physician or their team sports therapist. A clinical diagnosis of SRC was then confirmed by a sports medicine physician, and referral for the required multidisciplinary assessments ensued based on the patient’s signs and symptoms. Rehabilitation progression was based on the evaluation of exercise tolerance, 33 priority to return to cognitive tasks and additional targeted support based on clinical findings of a cervical, visual or vestibular nature. 17 The expert team worked in an integrated manner with the athlete and their coaching staff for the rehabilitation phase, including regular round tables and ongoing communication. 34 For some athletes, access to recommended care was fee based, without a priori agreements with a third party payer (eg, National Sports Federation).

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Main evaluations performed to guide the return to sport following sport-related concussion

Data collection

Data were collected at the medical clinic using a standardised injury surveillance form based on International Olympic Committee guidelines. 35 All injury characteristics were extracted from the central injury database between 1 July 2018 and 31 July 2022. This period corresponds to a Winter Olympic sports quadrennial but also covers 3 years for Summer Olympic sports due to the postponing of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games. Therefore, the observation period includes a typical volume of competitions across sports and minimises differences in exposure based on major sports competition schedules. The information extracted from the database included: participant ID, sex, date of birth, sport, date of injury, type of injury, date of their visit at the clinic, clearance date of unrestricted RTS (eg, defined as step 6 of the RTS strategy with a return to normal gameplay including competitions), the number and type of specialist consults, mechanism of injury (eg, fall, hit), environment where the injury took place (eg, training, competition), history of concussions, history of modifiers (eg, previous head injury, migraines, learning disability, attention deficit disorder or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, anxiety, psychotic disorder), as well as the number of symptoms and the total severity score from the first Sport Concussion Assessment Tool 5 (SCAT5) assessment following SRC. 17

Following a Shapiro-Wilk test, medians, IQR and non-parametric tests were used for the analyses because of the absence of normal distributions for all the variables in the dataset (all p<0.001). The skewness was introduced by the presence of individuals that required lengthy recovery periods. One participant was removed from the analysis because their time to consult with the multidisciplinary team was extremely delayed (>1 year).

Descriptive statistics were used to describe the participant’s demographics, SRC characteristics and risk factors in the total sample. Estimated incidences of SRC were also reported for seven resident sports at the institute for which it was possible to quantify a detailed estimate of training volume based on the annual number of training and competition hours as well as the number of athletes in each sport.

To assess if access to multidisciplinary care modified the time to RTS, we compared time to RTS between early and late access groups using a method based on median differences described elsewhere. 36 Wilcoxon rank sum tests were also performed to make between-group comparisons on single variables of age, time to first consult, the number of specialists consulted and medical visits. Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare count data between groups on variables of sex, history of concussion, time since the previous concussion, presence of injury modifiers, environment and mechanism of injury. Bonferroni corrections were applied for multiple comparisons in case of meaningful differences.

To assess if injury modifiers modified time to RTS in the total sample, we compared time to RTS between sexes, history of concussions, time since previous concussion or other injury modifiers using a method based on median differences described elsewhere. 36 Kaplan-Meier curves were drawn to illustrate time to RTS differences between sexes (origin and start time: date of injury; end time: clearance date of unrestricted RTS). Trajectories were then assessed for statistical differences using Cox proportional hazards model. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were employed for comparing the total number of symptoms and severity scores on the SCAT5. The association of multilevel variables on return to play duration was evaluated in the total sample with Kruskal-Wallis rank tests for environment, mechanism of injury, history of concussions and time since previous concussion. For all subsequent analyses of correlations between SCAT5 results and secondary variables, only data obtained from SCAT5 assessments within the acute phase of injury (≤72 hours) were considered (n=65 SRC episodes in the early access group). 37 Spearman rank correlations were estimated between RTS duration, history of concussions, number of specialist consults and total number of SCAT5 symptoms or total symptom severity. All statistical tests were performed using RStudio (R V.4.1.0, The R Foundation for Statistical Computing). The significance level was set to p<0.05.

Equity, diversity and inclusion statement

The study population is representative of the Canadian athletic population in terms of age, gender, demographics and includes a balanced representation of female and male athletes. The study team consists of investigators from different disciplines and countries, but with a predominantly white composition and under-representation of other ethnic groups. Our study population encompasses data from the Institut national du sport du Québec, covering individuals of all genders, ethnicities and geographical regions across Canada.

Patient and public involvement

The patients or the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting or dissemination plans of our research.

Sample characteristics

During the 4-year period covered by this retrospective chart review, a total of 160 SRC episodes were recorded in 132 athletes with a median (IQR) age of 19.1 (17.8–22.2) years old ( table 2 ). 13 female and 10 male athletes had multiple SRC episodes during this time. The sample had a relatively balanced number of females (53.8%) and males (46.2%) with SRC included. 60% of the sample reported a history of concussion, with 35.0% reporting having experienced more than two episodes. However, most of these concussions had occurred more than 1 year before the SRC for which they were being treated. Within this sample, 33.1% of participants reported a history of injury modifiers. Importantly, the median (IQR) time to first clinic consult was 10.0 (1.0–20.0) days and the median (IQR) time to RTS was 34.0 (21.0–63.0) days in this sample ( table 3 ). The majority of SRCs occurred during training (56.3%) rather than competition (33.1%) and were mainly due to a fall (63.7%) or a hit (31.3%). The median (IQR) number of follow-up consultations and specialists consulted after the SRC were, respectively, 9 (5.0–14.3) and 3 (2.0–4.0).

Participants demographics

Sport-related concussion characteristics

Among seven sports of the total sample (n=89 SRC), the estimated incidence of athletes with SRC was highest in short-track speed skating (0.47/1000 hours; 95% CI 0.3 to 0.6), and lower in boxing, trampoline, water polo, judo, artistic swimming, and diving (0.24 (95% CI 0.0 to 0.5), 0.16 (95% CI 0.0 to 0.5), 0.13 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.2), 0.11 (95% CI 0.1 to 0.2), 0.09 (95% CI 0.0 to 0.2) and 0.06 (95% CI 0.0 to 0.1)/1000, respectively ( online supplemental material ). Furthermore, most athletes sustained an SRC in training (66.5%; 95% CI 41.0 to 92.0) rather than competition (26.0%; 95% CI 0.0 to 55.0) except for judo athletes (20.0% (95% CI 4.1 to 62.0) and 80.0% (95% CI 38.0 to 96.0), respectively). Falls were the most common injury mechanism in speed skating, trampoline and judo while hits were the most common injury mechanism in boxing, water polo, artistic swimming and diving.

Supplemental material

Access to care.

The median difference in time to RTS was 19 days (95% CI 9.3 to 28.7; p<0.001) between the early (26 (IQR 17.0–38.5) days) and late (45 (IQR 27.5–84.5) days) access groups ( table 3 ; figure 1 ). Importantly, the distribution of SRC environments was different between both groups (p=0.008). The post hoc analysis demonstrated a meaningful difference in the distribution of SRC in training and competition environments between groups (p=0.029) but not for the other comparisons. There was a meaningful difference between the groups in time to first consult (p<0.001; 95% CI −23.0 to −15.0), but no meaningful differences between groups in median age (p=0.176; 95% CI −0.3 to 1.6), sex distribution (p=0.341; 95% CI 0.7 to 2.8), concussion history (p=0.210), time since last concussion (p=0.866), mechanisms of SRC (p=0.412), the presence of modifiers (p=0.313; 95% CI 0.3 to 1.4) and the number of consulted specialists (p=0.368; 95% CI −5.4 to 1.0) or medical visits (p=0.162; 95% CI −1.0 to 3.0).

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Time to return to sport following sport-related concussion as a function of group’s access to care and sex. Outliers: below=Q1−1.5×IQR; above=Q3+1.5×IQR.

The median difference in time to RTS was 6.5 days (95% CI −19.3 to 5.3; p=0.263; figure 1 ) between female (37.5 (IQR 22.0–65.3) days) and male (31.0 (IQR 20.0–48.0) days) athletes. Survival analyses highlighted an increased hazard of longer recovery trajectory in female compared with male athletes (HR 1.4; 95% CI 1.4 to 0.7; p=0.052; figure 2A ), which was mainly driven by the late (HR 1.8; 95% CI 1.8 to 0.6; p=0.019; figure 2C ) rather than the early (HR 1.1; 95% CI 1.1 to 0.9; p=0.700; figure 2B ) access group. Interestingly, a greater number of female athletes (n=15) required longer than 100 days for RTS as opposed to the male athletes (n=6). There were no meaningful differences between sexes for the total number of symptoms recorded on the SCAT5 (p=0.539; 95% CI −1.0 to 2.0) nor the total symptoms total severity score (p=0.989; 95% CI −5.0 to 5.0).

Time analysis of sex differences in the time to return to sport following sport-related concussion in the (A) total sample, as well as (B) early, and (C) late groups using survival curves with 95% confidence bands and tables of time-specific number of patients at risk (censoring proportion: 0%).

History of modifiers

SRC modifiers are presented in table 2 , and their influence on RTP is shown in table 4 . The median difference in time to RTS was 1.5 days (95% CI −10.6 to 13.6; p=0.807) between athletes with none and one episode of previous concussion, was 3.5 days (95% CI −13.9 to 19.9; p=0.728) between athletes with none and two or more episodes of previous concussion, and was 2 days (95% CI −12.4 to 15.4; p=0.832) between athletes with one and two or more episodes of previous concussion. The history of concussions (none, one, two or more) had no meaningful impact on the time to RTS (p=0.471). The median difference in time to RTS was 4.5 days (95% CI −21.0 to 30.0; p=0.729) between athletes with none and one episode of concussion in the previous year, was 2 days (95% CI −10.0 to 14.0; p=0.744) between athletes with none and one episode of concussion more than 1 year ago, and was 2.5 days (95% CI −27.7 to 22.7; p=0.846) between athletes with an episode of concussion in the previous year and more than 1 year ago. Time since the most recent concussion did not change the time to RTS (p=0.740). The longest time to RTS was observed in the late access group in which athletes had a concussion in the previous year, with a very large spread of durations (65.0 (IQR 33.0–116.5) days). The median difference in time to RTS was 3 days (95% CI −13.1 to 7.1; p=0.561) between athletes with and without other injury modifiers. The history of other injury modifiers had no meaningful influence on the time to RTS (95% CI −6.0 to 11.0; p=0.579).

Preinjury modifiers of time to return to sport following SRC

SCAT5 symptoms and severity scores

Positive associations were observed between the time to RTS and the number of initial symptoms (r=0.3; p=0.010; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.5) or initial severity score (r=0.3; p=0.008; 95% CI 0.1 to 0.5) from the SCAT5. The associations were not meaningful between the number of specialist consultations and the initial number of symptoms (r=−0.1; p=0.633; 95% CI −0.3 to 0.2) or initial severity score (r=−0.1; p=0.432; 95% CI −0.3 to 0.2). Anecdotally, most reported symptoms following SRC were ‘headache’ (86.2%) and ‘pressure in the head’ (80.0%), followed by ‘fatigue’ (72.3%), ‘neck pain’ (70.8%) and ‘not feeling right’ (67.7%; online supplemental material ).

This study is the first to report descriptive data on athletes with SRC collected across several sports during an Olympic quadrennial, including athletes who received the most recent evidence-based care at the time of data collection. Primarily, results indicate that the time to RTS in athletes engaged in Summer and Winter Olympic sports may require a median (IQR) of 34.0 (21.0–63.0) days. Importantly, findings demonstrated that athletes with earlier (≤7 days) access to multidisciplinary concussion care showed faster RTS compared with those with late access. Time to RTS exhibited large variability where sex had a meaningful influence on the recovery pathway in the late access group. Initial symptoms, but not history of concussion, were correlated with prognosis in this sample. The main reported symptoms were consistent with previous studies. 38 39

Time to RTS in Olympic sports

This study provides descriptive data on the impact of SRC monitoring programmes on recovery in elite athletes engaged in Olympic sports. As hypothesised, the median time to RTS found in this study (eg, 34.0 days) was about three times longer than those found in reports from before 2005, and 2 weeks longer than the typical median values (eg, 19.8 days) recently reported in athletic levels including youth (high heterogeneity, I 2 =99.3%). 19 These durations were also twice as long as the median unrestricted time to RTS observed among American collegiate athletes, which averages around 16 days. 9 20 21 However, they were more closely aligned with findings from collegiate athletes with slow recovery (eg, 34.7 days) and evidence from military cadets with poor access where return to duty duration was 29.4 days. 8 22 Several reasons could explain such extended time to RTS, but the most likely seems to be related to the diversity in access among these sports to multidisciplinary services (eg, 10.0 median days (1–20)), well beyond the delays experienced by collegiate athletes, for example (eg, 0.0 median days (0–2)). 40 In the total sample, the delays to first consult with the multidisciplinary clinic were notably mediated by the group with late access, whose athletes had more SRC during international competition. One of the issues for athletes engaged in Olympic sports is that they travel abroad year-round for competitions, in contrast with collegiate athletes who compete domestically. These circumstances likely make access to quality care very variable and make the follow-up of care less centralised. Also, access to resources among these sports is highly variable (eg, medal-dependant), 14 and at the discretion of the sport’s leadership (eg, sport federation), who may decide to prioritise more or fewer resources to concussion management considering the relatively low incidence of this injury. Another explanation for the longer recovery times in these athletes could be the lack of financial incentives to return to play faster, which are less prevalent among Olympic sports compared with professionals. However, the stakes of performance and return to play are still very high among these athletes.

Additionally, it is plausible that studies vary their outcome with shifting operational definitions such as resolution of symptoms, return to activities, graduated return to play or unrestricted RTS. 19 40 It is understood that resolution of symptoms may occur much earlier than return to preinjury performance levels. Finally, an aspect that has been little studied to date is the influence of the sport’s demands on the RTS. For example, acrobatic sports requiring precision/technical skills such as figure skating, trampoline and diving, which involve high visuospatial and vestibular demands, 41 might require more time to recover or elicit symptoms for longer times. Anecdotally, athletes who experienced a long time to RTS (>100 days) were mostly from precision/skill-dependent sports in this sample. The sports demand should be further considered as an injury modifier. More epidemiological reports that consider the latest guidelines are therefore necessary to gain a better understanding of the true time to RTS and impact following SRC in Olympians.

Supporting early multidisciplinary access to care

In this study, athletes who obtained early access to multidisciplinary care after SRC recovered faster than those with late access to multidisciplinary care. This result aligns with findings showing that delayed access to a healthcare practitioner delays recovery, 19 including previous evidence in a sample of patients from a sports medicine clinic (ages 12–22), indicating that the group with a delayed first clinical visit (eg, 8–20 days) was associated with a 5.8 times increased likelihood of a recovery longer than 30 days. 5 Prompt multidisciplinary approach for patients with SRC is suggested to yield greater effectiveness over usual care, 3 6 17 which is currently evaluated under randomised controlled trial. 42 Notably, early physical exercise and prescribed exercise (eg, 48 hours postinjury) are effective in improving recovery compared with strict rest or stretching. 43 44 In fact, preclinical and clinical studies have shown that exercise has the potential to improve neurotransmission, neuroplasticity and cerebral blood flow which supports that the physically trained brain enhanced recovery. 45 46 Prompt access to specialised healthcare professionals can be challenging in some contexts (eg, during international travel), and the cost of accessing medical care privately may prove further prohibitive. This barrier to recovery should be a priority for stakeholders in Olympic sports and given more consideration by health authorities.

Estimated incidences and implications

The estimated incidences of SRC were in the lower range compared with what is reported in other elite sport populations. 1 2 However, the burden of injury remained high for these sports, and the financial resources as well as expertise required to facilitate athletes’ rehabilitation was considerable (median number of consultations: 9.0). Notably, the current standard of public healthcare in Canada does not subsidise the level of support recommended following SRC as first-line care, and the financial subsidisation of this recommended care within each federation is highly dependent on the available funding, varying significantly between sports. 14 Therefore, the ongoing efforts to improve education, prevention and early recognition, modification of rules to make the environments safer and multidisciplinary care access for athletes remain crucial. 7

Strength and limitations

This unique study provides multisport characteristics following the evolution of concussion guidelines in Summer and Winter Olympic sports in North America. Notably, it features a balance between the number of female and male athletes, allowing the analysis of sex differences. 23 26 In a previous review of 171 studies informing consensus statements, samples were mostly composed of more than 80% of male participants, and more than 40% of these studies did not include female participants at all. 26 This study also included multiple non-traditional sports typically not encompassed in SRC research, feature previously identified as a key requirement of future epidemiological research. 47

However, it must be acknowledged that potential confounding factors could influence the results. For example, the number of SRC detected during the study period does not account for potentially unreported concussions. Nevertheless, this figure should be minimal because these athletes are supervised both in training and in competition by medical staff. Next, the sport types were heterogeneous, with inconsistent risk for head impacts or inconsistent sport demand which might have an influence on recovery. Furthermore, the number of participants or sex in each sport was not evenly distributed, with short-track speed skaters representing a large portion of the overall sample (32.5%), for example. Additionally, the number of participants with specific modifiers was too small in the current sample to conclude whether the presence of precise characteristics (eg, history of concussion) impacted the time to RTS. Also, the group with late access was more likely to consist of athletes who sought specialised care for persistent symptoms. These complex cases are often expected to require additional time to recover. 48 Furthermore, athletes in the late group may have sought support outside of the institute medical clinic, without a coordinated multidisciplinary approach. Therefore, the estimation of clinical consultations was tentative for this group and may represent a potential confounding factor in this study.

This is the first study to provide evidence of the prevalence of athletes with SRC and modifiers of recovery in both female and male elite-level athletes across a variety of Summer and Winter Olympic sports. There was a high variability in access to care in this group, and the median (IQR) time to RTS following SRC was 34.0 (21.0–63.0) days. Athletes with earlier access to multidisciplinary care took nearly half the time to RTS compared with those with late access. Sex had a meaningful influence on the recovery pathway in the late access group. Initial symptom number and severity score but not history of concussion were meaningful modifiers of recovery. Injury surveillance programmes targeting national sport organisations should be prioritised to help evaluate the efficacy of recommended injury monitoring programmes and to help athletes engaged in Olympic sports who travel a lot internationally have better access to care. 35 49

Ethics statements

Patient consent for publication.

Not applicable.

Ethics approval

This study involves human participants and was approved by the ethics board of Université de Montréal (certificate #2023-4052). Participants gave informed consent to participate in the study before taking part.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the members of the concussion interdisciplinary clinic of the Institut national du sport du Québec for collecting the data and for their unconditional support to the athletes.

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Supplementary materials

Supplementary data.

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• Data supplement 1

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Correction notice This article has been corrected since it published Online First. The ORCID details have been added for Dr Croteau.

Contributors TR, FC and SL were involved in planning, conducting and reporting the work. François Bieuzen and Magdalena Wojtowicz critically reviewed the manuscript. TR is guarantor.

Funding The authors have not declared a specific grant for this research from any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.

Competing interests None declared.

Patient and public involvement Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research.

Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.

Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.

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