parts of a thesis philippines

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How to structure a thesis

A typical thesis structure

1. abstract, 2. introduction, 3. literature review, 6. discussion, 7. conclusion, 8. reference list, frequently asked questions about structuring a thesis, related articles.

Starting a thesis can be daunting. There are so many questions in the beginning:

• How do you actually start your thesis?
• How do you structure it?
• What information should the individual chapters contain?

Each educational program has different demands on your thesis structure, which is why asking directly for the requirements of your program should be a first step. However, there is not much flexibility when it comes to structuring your thesis.

Abstract : a brief overview of your entire thesis.

Literature review : an evaluation of previous research on your topic that includes a discussion of gaps in the research and how your work may fill them.

Methods : outlines the methodology that you are using in your research.

Thesis : a large paper, or multi-chapter work, based on a topic relating to your field of study.

The abstract is the overview of your thesis and generally very short. This section should highlight the main contents of your thesis “at a glance” so that someone who is curious about your work can get the gist quickly. Take a look at our guide on how to write an abstract for more info.

Tip: Consider writing your abstract last, after you’ve written everything else.

The introduction to your thesis gives an overview of its basics or main points. It should answer the following questions:

• Why is the topic being studied?
• How is the topic being studied?
• What is being studied?

In answering the first question, you should know what your personal interest in this topic is and why it is relevant. Why does it matter?

To answer the "how", you should briefly explain how you are going to reach your research goal. Some prefer to answer that question in the methods chapter, but you can give a quick overview here.

And finally, you should explain "what" you are studying. You can also give background information here.

You should rewrite the introduction one last time when the writing is done to make sure it connects with your conclusion. Learn more about how to write a good thesis introduction in our thesis introduction guide .

A literature review is often part of the introduction, but it can be a separate section. It is an evaluation of previous research on the topic showing that there are gaps that your research will attempt to fill. A few tips for your literature review:

• Use a wide array of sources
• Show both sides of the coin
• Make sure to cover the classics in your field
• Present everything in a clear and structured manner

For more insights on lit reviews, take a look at our guide on how to write a literature review .

The methodology chapter outlines which methods you choose to gather data, how the data is analyzed and justifies why you chose that methodology . It shows how your choice of design and research methods is suited to answering your research question.

Make sure to also explain what the pitfalls of your approach are and how you have tried to mitigate them. Discussing where your study might come up short can give you more credibility, since it shows the reader that you are aware of its limitations.

Tip: Use graphs and tables, where appropriate, to visualize your results.

The results chapter outlines what you found out in relation to your research questions or hypotheses. It generally contains the facts of your research and does not include a lot of analysis, because that happens mostly in the discussion chapter.

Clearly visualize your results, using tables and graphs, especially when summarizing, and be consistent in your way of reporting. This means sticking to one format to help the reader evaluate and compare the data.

The discussion chapter includes your own analysis and interpretation of the data you gathered , comments on your results and explains what they mean. This is your opportunity to show that you have understood your findings and their significance.

Point out the limitations of your study, provide explanations for unexpected results, and note any questions that remain unanswered.

This is probably your most important chapter. This is where you highlight that your research objectives have been achieved. You can also reiterate any limitations to your study and make suggestions for future research.

Remember to check if you have really answered all your research questions and hypotheses in this chapter. Your thesis should be tied up nicely in the conclusion and show clearly what you did, what results you got, and what you learned. Discover how to write a good conclusion in our thesis conclusion guide .

At the end of your thesis, you’ll have to compile a list of references for everything you’ve cited above. Ideally, you should keep track of everything from the beginning. Otherwise, this could be a mammoth and pretty laborious task to do.

Consider using a reference manager like Paperpile to format and organize your citations. Paperpile allows you to organize and save your citations for later use and cite them in thousands of citation styles directly in Google Docs, Microsoft Word, or LaTeX:

🔲 Introduction

🔲 Literature review

🔲 Discussion

🔲 Conclusion

🔲 Reference list

The basic elements of a thesis are: Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Methods, Results, Discussion, Conclusion, and Reference List.

It's recommended to start a thesis by writing the literature review first. This way you learn more about the sources, before jumping to the discussion or any other element.

It's recommended to write the abstract of a thesis last, once everything else is done. This way you will be able to provide a complete overview of your work.

Usually, the discussion is the longest part of a thesis. In this part you are supposed to point out the limitations of your study, provide explanations for unexpected results, and note any questions that remain unanswered.

The order of the basic elements of a thesis are: 1. Abstract, 2. Introduction, 3. Literature Review, 4. Methods, 5. Results, 6. Discussion, 7. Conclusion, and 8. Reference List.

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• How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples

Published on January 11, 2019 by Shona McCombes . Revised on August 15, 2023 by Eoghan Ryan.

A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . It usually comes near the end of your introduction .

Your thesis will look a bit different depending on the type of essay you’re writing. But the thesis statement should always clearly state the main idea you want to get across. Everything else in your essay should relate back to this idea.

You can write your thesis statement by following four simple steps:

• Start with a question
• Write your initial answer
• Develop your answer
• Refine your thesis statement

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Table of contents

What is a thesis statement, placement of the thesis statement, step 1: start with a question, step 2: write your initial answer, step 3: develop your answer, step 4: refine your thesis statement, types of thesis statements, other interesting articles, frequently asked questions about thesis statements.

A thesis statement summarizes the central points of your essay. It is a signpost telling the reader what the essay will argue and why.

The best thesis statements are:

• Concise: A good thesis statement is short and sweet—don’t use more words than necessary. State your point clearly and directly in one or two sentences.
• Contentious: Your thesis shouldn’t be a simple statement of fact that everyone already knows. A good thesis statement is a claim that requires further evidence or analysis to back it up.
• Coherent: Everything mentioned in your thesis statement must be supported and explained in the rest of your paper.

Prevent plagiarism. Run a free check.

The thesis statement generally appears at the end of your essay introduction or research paper introduction .

The spread of the internet has had a world-changing effect, not least on the world of education. The use of the internet in academic contexts and among young people more generally is hotly debated. For many who did not grow up with this technology, its effects seem alarming and potentially harmful. This concern, while understandable, is misguided. The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education: the internet facilitates easier access to information, exposure to different perspectives, and a flexible learning environment for both students and teachers.

You should come up with an initial thesis, sometimes called a working thesis , early in the writing process . As soon as you’ve decided on your essay topic , you need to work out what you want to say about it—a clear thesis will give your essay direction and structure.

You might already have a question in your assignment, but if not, try to come up with your own. What would you like to find out or decide about your topic?

For example, you might ask:

After some initial research, you can formulate a tentative answer to this question. At this stage it can be simple, and it should guide the research process and writing process .

Now you need to consider why this is your answer and how you will convince your reader to agree with you. As you read more about your topic and begin writing, your answer should get more detailed.

In your essay about the internet and education, the thesis states your position and sketches out the key arguments you’ll use to support it.

The negatives of internet use are outweighed by its many benefits for education because it facilitates easier access to information.

In your essay about braille, the thesis statement summarizes the key historical development that you’ll explain.

The invention of braille in the 19th century transformed the lives of blind people, allowing them to participate more actively in public life.

A strong thesis statement should tell the reader:

• Why you hold this position
• What they’ll learn from your essay
• The key points of your argument or narrative

The final thesis statement doesn’t just state your position, but summarizes your overall argument or the entire topic you’re going to explain. To strengthen a weak thesis statement, it can help to consider the broader context of your topic.

These examples are more specific and show that you’ll explore your topic in depth.

Your thesis statement should match the goals of your essay, which vary depending on the type of essay you’re writing:

• In an argumentative essay , your thesis statement should take a strong position. Your aim in the essay is to convince your reader of this thesis based on evidence and logical reasoning.
• In an expository essay , you’ll aim to explain the facts of a topic or process. Your thesis statement doesn’t have to include a strong opinion in this case, but it should clearly state the central point you want to make, and mention the key elements you’ll explain.

If you want to know more about AI tools , college essays , or fallacies make sure to check out some of our other articles with explanations and examples or go directly to our tools!

• Ad hominem fallacy
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A thesis statement is a sentence that sums up the central point of your paper or essay . Everything else you write should relate to this key idea.

The thesis statement is essential in any academic essay or research paper for two main reasons:

• It gives your writing direction and focus.
• It gives the reader a concise summary of your main point.

Without a clear thesis statement, an essay can end up rambling and unfocused, leaving your reader unsure of exactly what you want to say.

Follow these four steps to come up with a thesis statement :

• Ask a question about your topic .
• Write your initial answer.
• Develop your answer by including reasons.
• Refine your answer, adding more detail and nuance.

The thesis statement should be placed at the end of your essay introduction .

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McCombes, S. (2023, August 15). How to Write a Thesis Statement | 4 Steps & Examples. Scribbr. Retrieved March 25, 2024, from https://www.scribbr.com/academic-essay/thesis-statement/

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Wherever I am, the world comes after me. It offers me its busyness. It does not believe  that I do not want it. Now I understand  why the old poets of China went so far and high  into the mountains, then crept into the pale mist. "The Old Poets of China" by Mary Oliver

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Abstracts and other related info may be viewed via the tuklas portal . just type the author's name and click accordingly. to inquire if and how you can access the dissertations, please email this email address is being protected from spambots. you need javascript enabled to view it. document.getelementbyid('cloak31ab500329e6cd486264867ae3f8adc8').innerhtml = ''; var prefix = 'ma' + 'il' + 'to'; var path = 'hr' + 'ef' + '='; var addy31ab500329e6cd486264867ae3f8adc8 = 'aclib.upd' + '@'; addy31ab500329e6cd486264867ae3f8adc8 = addy31ab500329e6cd486264867ae3f8adc8 + 'up' + '.' + 'edu' + '.' + 'ph'; var addy_text31ab500329e6cd486264867ae3f8adc8 = 'aclib.upd' + '@' + 'up' + '.' + 'edu' + '.' + 'ph';document.getelementbyid('cloak31ab500329e6cd486264867ae3f8adc8').innerhtml += ' '+addy_text31ab500329e6cd486264867ae3f8adc8+' '; or call 8 981 8500 local 3579. the library may/does not have access to electronic files of the theses and dissertations, nor can they be accessed since the university is closed due to quarantine. you can send your request to us, and we can forward it to the author (s) if feasible under university policies , including this 2015 memorandum . , view list of theses and dissertations from 1963 to the present . all theses and dissertations are for room-use only., please click on the year to view the dissertations., abelgas, franz jude solana, "not quite diasporic: diasporicity of southeast asian migrants' children in the macau special administrative region" (ma), abuan, romina eloisa manabat, "interrogating sense of belonging and citizenship among filipinos in diaspora in taiwan" (ma), agonos, mariam jayne macafe, "building a city: the environmental and social challenges and impacts of the development of indonesia's new capital" (ma), alvarez, bea roselle mance, "disaster memories of ivatan women: narratives before, during and after a typhoon" (ma), argonza, gladys mae zabala, "state and the peasantry: social and historical contestations over land use in 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Andres, brenson, darna and the intermediality of the filipino superhero genre (phd), brillon, cherish, the bagani spirit through the moral imagination of philippine army officers: strengthening military leadership based on the agyu epic (phd), ebrada, sandra, facility-based delivery: implikasyon sa paghulma sa pang-inang kalusugan (phd), encinares-enaje, ivy, ganting-loob at pamuling-pamudod: dalumat at realidad sa lipunang tagalog ng caciquismong espanyol, 1571–1896 (phd), enriquez, edelyndon, viewing mistresses: filipina audiences constructing meanings of gender and sexuality in media and everyday life (ma), erbite, kristina, the concept of 'ilmu' pagkausug in the jawi materials from sulu (phd), hairulla, munap, assessing the impact of thailand's government policies and programs in local context: the case study of karen's baan huai lad nai (ma), macalib-og, ariane, de(familial)izing the family: anak ng ofws' emergent narratives on parent-child communication, religious socialization, and self-perceived identities (phd), pinzon, mary jannette , sapatero in marikina city: enacting economies in the philippines' footwear capital (phd), rapisora-lagos, concepcion, malasakit in a public utility company: expression of kapwa, buhay, ginhawa, dangal, and tulong in the workplace (phd), reyes, jesusa, the imperative of the philippines’ signature and ratification of the international convention for the protection of all persons from enforced disappearance, bacalso, mary, ang amo at ang maamo: pangangamuhan at pagkatao ng mga aeta ng pampanga (ma), david, kara, new chinese migrants in the philippines: exploring non-economic factors in migration decisions based on personal narratives (ma), ganadillo, ivy, identity, transformation and customary law among bago igorots: examining conflict resolutikon methods in a changing ethnoscape, pawilen, ryan, apostolic catholic church: an ethnohistory of a social movement (ma), de leon, ann louise, refusing a life without poverty: scarcity and abundance in dolphy’s situation comedies (ma), israel, lorna, kontra-diskurso: testimonial narratives of filipino workers (1986-2012) [phd], moratilla, noel christian, making the foreign familiar: examination of the philippine remake of the korean drama first shop of the coffee prince (ma), pasigan, renz, the animation industry in the philippines: institution building for skill formation (phd), repackaging japanese culture: the digitalization of folktales in the pokémon franchise (ma), sumilang, erika, maximizing the social life chances: a case study on the cross-border adaptation of first generation indonesian migrants in the municipality of glan, sarangani province (ma), tadeo, erika, illustrating recovery: traditional japanese art styles and modern graphic design styles in the graphic design of tokyo 1964 (ma), tantoco, clio, women’s images in liwayway short stories post-edsa, 1992-2002 (phd), vergara, evelyn, japanese pop culture exposure and consumption: influence on youth attitudes based on two asian study survey datasets (ma), villota, alleson ii, retokadong talambuhay, manipuladong salaysay: ang pananalambuhay kina manuel m. quezon at ferdinand e. marcos (phd), javar, roderick, filipino philosophy in the martial traditions of the philippines: the dungan as philosophic principle (phd), mendoza, perseville, of forgetting and remembering: social memory, commemoration, and the jewish refugees in the philippines during the second world war (phd), tirol, jose maria, tiangge online: the proliferation of philippine micro, small, and medium enterprises (msmes) in the internet (phd), triumfo, cristina, the role of post 1990-bollywood films in identity formation of second-generation indian transnationals in metro manila (ma), que, gilbert, pagtatanghal ng bayan: ang pulitika sa kultura ng mga ritwal na pananampalatayang katoliko sa angono, rizal (phd), zarate, maria jovita, civil society and political change in burma/myanmar: exploring the role of civil society in the transition to a “disciplined democracy” (ma), alicias, maria dolores, indian textiles in the philippines: contexts of encounter and traces of practice (phd), canta, marilyn, forging peace in south thailand: a case study of the building peace by teaching peace program in pattani province (ma), ferrer, jasmine, the role of indonesia and malaysia in the peace process in southern philippines: a comparative assessment (ma), maamor, asnawi, communicating the popular and the quotidian in japan: when filipino wives engage in image production through facebook (ma), sioson, erica, demystifying the dorimu boi: understanding the representation of japanese pop idol masculinity through visual and discourse analysis of various media productions (ma), alegre, herlyn, the acculturation of korean students in the philippines and its implications on koreanness: the case of koreans in an urban private school (ma), blanca, ringo, philippines-china relations: the linkage of economic and security interests (ma), de guzman, charles, the globalization of hangugeo: exploring the spread of korean language in the philippines and its prospects for promoting philippine national interests (ma), domingo, sarah, culture in governance: marikina’s ka-angkan festival, meaning-making and urban policy process, southeast asia and china: south-south development cooperation on new hegemony (ma), garcia, shayne, kalinangang pinanday sa ginto: a cultural history of gold in philippine society (phd), gatbonton, esperanza, baybayin: makabayang hibik sa tinig ng sinaunang titik 1882–2012 (phd), lapiz, eduardo, muslim-christian intermarriage: complications and compromises (ma), magat, edel, nihon no imeji (japan’s images) through anime: perceptions of filipino students in selected universities (ma), obispo, joanna, the influence of the 1986 people power revolution on the basic education curriculum: a case study of two private secondary schools in metro manila (phd), panganiban, evangeline, diverging narratives: lives and identities of japanese-filipino children in the philippines (ma), ubalde, marrianne, identity and representation: the life and work of five philippine chinese neo-realist visual artists, 1954–1975 (phd), young, stewart.

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• Bibliography
• More Referencing guides Blog Automated transliteration Relevant bibliographies by topics
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Philippines Languages'

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Nical, Iluminado C. "Language usage and language attitudes among education consumers : the experience of Filipinos in Australia and in three linguistic communities in the Philippines." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn582.pdf.

Aguas, y. Quijano Juan Vidal. "The Philippines in the Twentieth Century: Social Change in Recent Decades." W&M ScholarWorks, 1987. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625429.

Osborne, Dana. "Negotiating the Hierarchy of Languages in Ilocandia: The Social and Cognitive Implications of Massive Multilingualism in the Philippines." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/556859.

Lesho, Marivic. "The sociophonetics and phonology of the Cavite Chabacano vowel system." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388249508.

Soffronow, Maria. "Multilingual Classrooms : A study of four Filipino teachers' experiences." Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, Övrig skolnära forskning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-27319.

Stead, Matthew A. "Paul's use of "maturity" language in Philippians 3." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.

Rifareal, Rebekah. "Paradox of Identity: The Role of National Language and Literature in the Philippines." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5442.

Kimoto, Yukinori. "A Grammar of Arta: A Philippine Negrito Langage." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/226793.

Johnston, Patricia Gwen. "Maranao vocabulary of moral failure and rectification." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2003. http://www.tren.com.

Kitada, Yuko [Verfasser], Nikolaus [Gutachter] Himmelmann, and Alexander [Gutachter] Adelaar. "The prefix *si- in Western Indonesian, Sulawesi, and Philippine languages / Yuko Kitada ; Gutachter: Nikolaus Himmelmann, Alexander Adelaar." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1239811578/34.

Vilches, María Luz C. "Process-oriented teacher training and the process trainer : a case study approach to the Philippines ELT (PELT) project." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274245.

Tofighian, Nadi. "The role of Jose Nepomuceno in the Philippine society : What language did his silent films speak?" Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Cinema Studies, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-899.

This paper examines the role of the pioneer Filipino filmmaker Jose Nepomuceno and his films in the Philippine quest for independence and in the process of nation-building. As all of Nepomuceno's films are lost, most of the information was gathered from old newspaper articles on microfilm in different archives in Manila. Many of these articles were hitherto undiscovered. Nepomuceno made silent films at a time when the influence of the new coloniser, United States, was growing, and the Spanish language was what unified the intellectual opposition. Previous research on Nepomuceno has focused on the Hispanic influences on his filmmaking, as well as his connections to the stage drama. This paper argues that Nepomuceno created a national consciousness by making films showing native lives and environments, adapting important Filipino novels and plays to the screen and covering important political topics and thereby creating public opinion. Many reviews in the newspapers connected his films to nation-building and independence, as the creation of a national consciousness is a cornerstone in the process of building a nation and defining "Filipino". Furthermore, the films of Nepomuceno helped spreading the Tagalog culture and language to other parts of the Philippines, hence making Tagalog the foundation of the national Filipino language.

Sedlacek, Jill Lynn. "Purpose driven infinitives can the accusative articular infinitives in Philippians 2:13 have the syntax of purpose? /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p001-1230.

Escondo, Kristina A. "Anti-Colonial Archipelagos: Expressions of Agency and Modernity in the Caribbean and the Philippines, 1880-1910." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405510408.

Tomlin, Steve, and n/a. "A reformulation of ELT curricula through a critique of established theoretical models and a case study of the ELT curriculum at De La Salle University, Manila." University of Canberra. Education, 1990. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061109.151258.

Absuelo, Ruby. "Employability of Philippine college and university graduates in the United States." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2014. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/868.

Facun-Granadozo, Ruth, Abidah Abutaeb, Bolatito Alaofin, and Lydia Kwaitoo. "Perspective- Taking: the Joys, Challenges, and Hopes of Early Childhood Education in Four Countries (Ghana, Nigeria, the Philippines, and Kingdom of Saudi Arabia)." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4324.

Sibayan, Anna Marie. "Prompted and Unprompted Self-Repairs of Filipino Students of Spanish as a Foreign Language." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/454821.

Tagaro, Andersson Anna. "Jag uppfinner en plats i dikten där vi kan vara tillsammans : En litterär studie i förlusten av ett modersmål." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162383.

Ruffolo, Roberta. "Topics in the morpho-syntax of Ibaloy, Northern Philippines." Phd thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12678.

Swete, Kelly Mary Clare. "Prehistoric social interaction and the evidence of pottery in the Northern Phillippines." Phd thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150432.

Nical, Iluminado C. "Language usage and language attitudes among education consumers : the experience of Filipinos in Australia and in three linguistic communities in the Philippines / by Iluminado C. Nical." Thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/19575.

Liao, Hsiu-chuan. "Transitivity and ergativity in Formosan and Philippine languages." Thesis, 2004. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765924091&SrchMode=1&sid=1&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1234396969&clientId=23440.

Tsai, Hui-Ming, and 蔡惠名. "A study of Philippine Hokkien language." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5y8un8.

Spitz, Walter Louis. "Lost causes: Morphological causative constructions in two Philippine languages." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/19215.

Kelly, Piers. "The word made flesh : an ethnographic history of Eskayan, a utopian language and script in the southern Philippines." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/156174.

Afable, Patricia O. "Language, culture, and society in a Kallahan community, Northern Luzon, Philippines." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/51308508.html.

"Language in Filipino America." Doctoral diss., 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.8958.

Wen, Kang-Ti, and 温康迪. "From Tagalog to Filipino: The shift of Language Ideology in Philippine Nationalism." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8sd57t.

Woods, Damon Lawrence. "Tomás Pinpin and Librong pagaaralan nang manga Tagalog nang uicang Castila Tagalog literacy and survival in early Spanish Philippines /." 1995. http://books.google.com/books?id=lJVdAAAAMAAJ.

Yi-Hsuan, Huang, and 黃一軒. "Teaching Chinese as a Second Language under the Influence of the Ethnic Chinese Identity in Philippines." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73120409753932045304.

Gallego, Kristina. "The stratigraphy of a community: 150 years of language contact and change in Babuyan Claro, Philippines." Phd thesis, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/275585.

Zeng, Wei-Yang, and 曾煒揚. "A TEACHER’S PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN TEACHING CHINESE AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN A SECONDARY SCHOOL IN PHILIPPINES." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/89172843671682718374.

Gaerlan, Barbara. "The politics and pedagogy of language use at the University of the Philippines the history of English as the medium of instruction and the challenge mounted by Filipino /." 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/41074016.html.

Pohl, Marilyn Ayuban. "An investigation of the implementation on Grade 4 English integrated curriculum in selected schools in South Africa and Philippines : comparative study." Thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/1575.

Wang, Cong-An, and 王從安. "Action Research of Using Image Strategies on Teaching of Chinese Characters as a Second Language－a case study of Philippines children." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/6e5j27.

Umali, Mariane S. A. Medina. "The dialogical processes of vernacular mediation: new media and the Karay-a ethnic group of the Philippines." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/82145.

Paulson, Stone Rebecca J. "A Professional Development Program for the Mother Tongue-Based Teacher: Addressing Teacher Perceptions and Attitudes Towards MTBMLE." 2012. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/592.

Martin, Aida Ramiscal. "Teaching writing as a tool for learning with adult ESL students : a case study." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/9560.

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Vendor voice.

Samsung preps inferencing accelerator to take on Nvidia, scores huge sale

Plus: tencent's profit plunge; singtel to build three ai datacenters; mcdonald's china gobbles microsoft ai.

Asia In Brief Samsung has reportedly secured a massive sale of an AI accelerator it plans to launch in 2025.

Korean media report that Samsung execs revealed the existence of the device – named Mach-1 – at last week's annual general meeting and described it as a system-on-chip that will improve the speed at which data moves from a GPU to memory by a factor of eight. That would enable inferencing to be performed without high-bandwidth memory.

Mach-1 means vanilla DRAM can do the job instead.

Samsung has reportedly sold $752 million worth of Mach-1 to Korean web giant Naver, which has already adopted CPU-based machines for some AI tasks as it seeks to reduce dependence on Nvidia and decrease its exposure to high-priced products that have long delivery times.

– Simon Sharwood

GoTo's sale to TikTok bytes share price

Shares of Indonesian superapp GoTo dropped by nine percent last Wednesday, and have stayed at similar levels since, following the release of its results, which revealed a net loss of 90.5 trillion rupiah ($5.75 billion) for the financial year.

That loss was largely attributed to a $5 billion write-down related to a "strategic e-commerce partnership" with ByteDance's TikTok, which saw the Chinese social media kraken buy a chunk of GoTo.

The deal allows TikTok a workaround to an Indonesia ban on social commerce.

"To date, our cooperation with TikTok is going well. The integration is well underway and early results show promise, giving us even more confidence in our original thesis," stated CEO Patrick Walujo during an earnings call.

On the bright side, GoTo did report 77 billion IDR ($4.9 billion) in EBITDA. The biz announced a share buyback of up to 3.1 trillion IDR ($200 million), subject to regulatory and shareholder approval.

Fujitsu ends graduate job rotations

Japan's Fujitsu has changed its hiring policies.

The tech conglomerate revealed last Tuesday that although it does plan to hire 800 new graduates in both fiscal 2025 and fiscal 2024, it will no longer take applications for non-specific jobs.

Grads will instead have to nominate for specific roles, with those keen on consulting roles in most demand.

Fujitsu also plans to recruit 1,000 mid-career workers, with consulting skills again at the top of its list as it tries to grow its Uvance digital transformation practice in line with its business development plan.

Tencent's profit plunge

Chinese tech giant Tencent's profits have plummeted, it revealed last Wednesday.

The outfit experienced a seven percent increase in fourth-quarter revenue, but profit for the period was RMB27.8 billion ($3.9 billion) – down a whopping 74 percent year-on-year. And profit attributable to equity holders for the quarter was RMB27.0 billion ($3.8 billion) – down 75 percent for the year.

CFO John Lo explained the latter was "primarily due to the 106.6 billion renminbi gained from the disposal of Meituan recognized in the same quarter last year."

Meituan is an e-commerce platform that Tencent sold.

India quickly unwinds requirement for government approval of AIs

• Singtel loses $260 million tax case in Australia
• Indian tech minister vows to stop Google removing local apps from Play Store
• India’s homebrew RISC-V CPU goes on sale in new development board

Singtel to build three AI datacenters

Singtel will build AI datacenters in Singapore, Thailand and Indonesia, the telco titan announced last Tuesday.

The datacenters will house Nvidia H100 GPUs and the accelerator giant's next-generation GB200 Grace Blackwell Superchips. Singtel didn't say how many GB200s it will acquire, nor when they will come online.

The centers will be used to house GPU as-a-Service (GPUaaS) business.

Baidu offers five different tweaked versions of its ERNIE LLM

Baidu AI Cloud last week announced the release of five more ERNIE models and an enhanced development toolkit, as part of a major upgrade its Qianfan platform.

The new versions of the LLM include ERNIE Speed, ERNIE Lite, and ERNIE Tiny – each named for their most important characteristic. ERNIE Character will address the roleplaying game market, while ERNIE Functions will help to integrate business functions and AI.

APAC dealbook

• McDonald's China will adopt Microsoft AI , it announced on Wednesday. The biz said Microsoft Global Intelligent Cloud will promote full-process digital smart innovation research and development.
• IBM has celebrated a win at Vietnam's TPBank , which has adopted Big Blue's Cloud Pak for Data to modernize the its data infrastructure and enhance performance on all transaction channels. The deal will help TPBank prepare its data for uses in development of machine learning models.
• Telco wholesaler Chorus has partnered with critical digital infrastructure outfit Vertiv in an effort to expand its Auckland colocation offerings. Vertiv has been supporting Chorus within four four metro-based telephone exchange facilities repurposed into EdgeCentre modular datacenter sites, according to a press release. ®

Narrower topics

• China Mobile
• China telecom
• China Unicom
• Cyberspace Administration of China
• Great Firewall
• Large Language Model
• Machine Learning
• Neural Networks
• Samsung Galaxy
• Samsung Galaxy Ace
• Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation
• Tensor Processing Unit
• Uyghur Muslims

Broader topics

• Self-driving Car
• Semiconductor Memory

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