assignment on management of natural resources

• Management of Natural Resources

Management of Natural Resources relates to a course of action linked to renewable and non-renewable energy. Various factors like global warming , overpopulation, industrial growth, and other similar factors have a drastic impact on natural resources such as land, soil, water, plants and animals.

                                                                                   Management of Natural Resources

What is the Management of Natural Resources?

Management of Natural resources is how communities manage the supply or access to the natural resources they depend on for their survival and growth. We human beings are essentially dependent on natural resources. To maintain stable access to or a continuous supply of natural resources has always been central to the organization of civilizations and has historically been managed through several schemes of varying degrees of formality and participation from the central authority.

Impact and Issues of Not Managing Natural Resources

In sectors such as agriculture , forestry and fisheries, resource management focuses on preventing over-exploitation of resources. For example, as farms have grown and farming practices have shifted from manual labour to mechanics, and as the use of pesticides has increased, agricultural practices have become more harmful to the environment.

Natural resource management requires forethought and planning, and a few efforts are more effective than others. An example of a resource strategy that has gone wrong has taken place in Brazil, where selective logging of rainforests has been encouraged for constructing public roads in the rainforest.

The management strategy aimed at reducing the environmental impact of Clear-Cutting has had the opposite effect. A survey of the region conducted in 2006 found that selective logging contributed to more widespread clearing because the roads offered access to previously pristine areas. It resulted in the loss of rainforest that is twice as fast as previously expected.

Why is Management of Natural Resources Important?

The reasons why the management of natural resources is necessary are:

• To maintain the stability of the ecosystem .
• To prevent further damage to the environment.
• Avoiding over-consumption of natural resources.

Why do we need to Manage Natural Resources?

Following are the reasons why we need to manage natural resources.

• Everything we use today – food, clothing, home, automobiles, electricity, books, furniture, cooking gas, utensils, toys, roads, etc. – are acquired from earth’s natural resources.
• A large amount of the energy we consume today comes from non-renewable sources. Which means they are irreplaceable after usage. Fossil fuels, which have taken millions of years to form, are the most significant source of non-renewable energy used widely.
• Managing resources will not only guarantee its rational usage. It would also limit the degradation it causes to the environment. For example, the use of resources in various ways produces a lot of waste, which, is being disposed into the water bodies. Which, in fact, pollutes rivers and lakes. Limiting use would also reduce waste generation and pollution.

What are the 3 R’s of Waste Management?

The three R’s of waste management that helps in managing natural resources are:

Reduce refers to the rational purchase of products. The easiest way to minimize waste is not to generate waste. Given below, are the ways to reduce:

• Instead of using disposable products such as paper cups and plates, the straws turn to recycled products.
• Check the durability of the goods.
• Avoid asking carry bags at supermarkets, instead, carry cloth bags from your homes.

Reuse refers to the use of goods that are both economical and environmentally sustainable. Here are some ways to reuse:

• Donate or sell old clothes, electrical equipment, furniture, etc.
• Reuse things like paper and plastic bags.

Recycle refers to the re-usage of goods for creative and by-products. Here are a few ways to recycle:

• Recycling used paper to produce paper bags and straws.
• Purchasing various items that are recycled, and those which can be recycled.

Terms to know about Natural Resources Management

Clear-Cutting

Clearcutting or clear-cut harvesting is a forestry method in which most or all trees in the region are cut uniformly for economic growth.

Erosion is the activity of surface processes (like water or wind) which remove soil, rock or dissolved materials from one location on the earth’s surface and then transport it to another location.

Greenhouse Gas

Gas, whose concentration increases heat retention in the atmosphere.

Non-Renewable Resources

Any resource that is renewed or replaced quickly (as of human historical time scales) by natural or controlled processes is called non-renewable resources.

Water drops as precipitation and then spreads across the surface of land rather than sinking into the earth.

Sustainability

The Practices that ensure a balance between human needs and the environment and in between current and future generation requirements.

FAQs about Management of Natural Resources

Q1. What changes can you make in your habits to become more environmentally friendly?

Answer. We can make the following changes:

• Don’t dump trash on the roadside or water bodies.
• Turn off the lights, fans, TV when not required.
• Using less water for bathing or other washing jobs.
• Using jute bags instead of plastic bags.

Q2. What are the examples of non-renewable resources?

Answer. Oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy are a few examples of non-renewable resources.

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• D. R. Lynch, Sustainable Natural Resource Management: For Scientists and Engineers, Publisher: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
• M.C. Dash, Concepts of Environmental Management for Sustainable Development Publisher: I K International Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., 2013.
• G. Shivakoti, U. Pradhan, H. Helmi (editors), Redefining Diversity and Dynamics of Natural Resources Management in Asia, Volume 1 st Edition, Sustainable Natural Resources Management in Dynamic Asia, Editors:, ISBN: 9780128054543, Elsevier, 2016.
• P. Rogers, K. F. Jalal, J. A. Boyd, An Introduction to Sustainable Development. Publisher: Routledge; 1 edition, ISBN-10:1844075206, 2007.

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Taxing Choices for Managing Natural Resources, the Environment, and Global Climate Change pp 121–151 Cite as

Revenue Sharing from Natural Resources: Principles and Practices

• Baoyun Qiao 2 &
• Anwar Shah 3  
• First Online: 22 February 2023

172 Accesses

Qiao and Shah (this chapter) are concerned with sharing of natural resource revenues. Natural resource revenues, especially non-renewable resource revenues, present special challenges for resource management and sharing of revenues due to special features. The uneven distribution and exhaustible nature of resources—depletion of wealth over time—has serious implications for fiscal sustainability and interjurisdictional and intergenerational equity. In multi-order governance, competing and conflicting goals stand in the way of ideal solutions. Political cohesion and environmental protection considerations require preferential access to resource revenues in producing regions. Economic and social union considerations require national sharing of resource wealth. Only second-best solutions may be feasible in these countries. Such solutions should aim to limit adverse incentives. A second-best solution is the centralization of resource rent taxes and redistribution through a federal fiscal equalization program. Alternately, decentralization of resource rent taxes accompanied by an inter-state (net) equalization program may be desirable.

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See http://www.norgesbank.no/english/petroleum_fund/management/strategy.html .

See the Law on Regional Autonomy and the Law on Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations passed on April 23 and April 25, 1999 respectively.

Transfers of funds through the NFC Awards are the dominant source of revenue for the provincial governments, and account for about 80% of provincial revenue receipts.

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Qiao, B., Shah, A. (2023). Revenue Sharing from Natural Resources: Principles and Practices. In: Shah, A. (eds) Taxing Choices for Managing Natural Resources, the Environment, and Global Climate Change. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22606-9_4

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Assignment - Management Of Natural Resources, Class 10, Science PDF Download

Fill IN THE BLANKS

1. In .................. strategy for saving the environment, things are used again and again.

2. The management of .................. resources requires a long term perspective.

3. .................. are 'biodiversity hotspots'.

4. .................. leaves are used to make bidies.

5. Forests are source of .................. materials for many industries.

6. .................. is basic necessity for all terrestrial forms of life.

7. Rains in India are largely due to ..................

8. Watershed .................. emphasises scientific soil and water conservation and tends to increase the biomass production.

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

1. Name few alternative sources of energy other than conventional fossil fuels.

2. Name few inexhaustible natural resources.

3. What is energy ?

4. Define deforestation.

5. List some causes of extinction of wild life.

6. Define sustainable development.

7. What do you mean by rainwater harvesting ?

8. Give the term for rational utilization of land and water resources for optimum utilization causing minimum damage to the natural resources ?

9. List the causes of displacement of people.

10. What are environmental ethics ?

Short Answer Questions

1. What are three R's to save the environment ?

2. Why do we need to manage our resources ?

3. Write the uses of forests.

4. Who are the stakeholders of forests ?

5. Give few examples of people's participation in the management.

6. Write the uses of water.

7. How are the big dams useful ?

8. What is watershed management ?

​ Long answer questions

1. Write briefly about pollution in Ganga. What is Ganga Action Plan ?

2. Write an essay on forests and wildlife.

3. Describe the various methods of sustainable management of forests.

4. Write short notes on:

(B) Water harvesting

Fill in the blanks :

1. Reuse 2. Natural 3. Forests 4. Tendu

5. Raw 6. Water 7. Monsoons 8. Management

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Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

What is natural resource management.

Resources include the entire natural environment that is useful to humans. Resources are actually stocks of nature like soil, minerals, water, coal, forests, and more. But because of the increasing population and technological development, our natural resources are getting polluted and depleted.

Natural Resource Management (NRM) deals with managing the way people and natural landscapes interact. It brings together water management, land use planning, biodiversity conservation, and the future sustainability of industries such as mining, tourism, agriculture, forestry, and fisheries. It also recognises that people and their livelihoods rely on the productivity and health of our landscapes, and the caretaking of the land plays a major role in maintaining this productivity and health. The article discusses the different types of sustainable management techniques of natural resources.

Pollution is defined as the addition of contaminants in a substance. The contaminants are defined as particles that cause undesirable changes in the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics. Addition of contaminants in water, soil, and air results in the most common form of pollution.  This is harmful to humans and to other organisms on the Earth as well. So there is an immediate requirement to take proper care and manage the natural resources to conserve our environment for sustainable development. There are international laws, different acts, organizations working towards our environmental protection. The awareness about these problems has led to the conservation of the environment and natural resources. For example, The Ganga Action Plan.

Methods of Sustainable Management  

We can reduce the environmental pressure by following the concept named 3R's, which means to Reduce, Recycle, and Reuse. 

It means  to use the natural resources less, which can be done by: like,

Switching off the electrical appliances when they are not in use.

Saving fuel by walking or using public transport.

Saving food by cooking limitedly or not wasting it, and so on.

It is defined as the processing or recycling of waste to form new products. Practising the concept of recycling saves resources, costs, and also reduces the piling of waste materials.

It is defined as using an item more than once like,

Reuse the envelope.

The containers of jams and pickles should be reused by storing other food items or groceries.

Use cloth/jute bags instead of the polyethene ones, and so on.

What is Sustainable Development?

It is controlling the usage of resources in a way that there is a continuous flow and equitable availability of products and services for the current and future generations without any impact on the environment. Case studies of Chipko Andolan and Ganga action plans are mentioned below as examples of sustainable development. 

Chipko Andolan

The Andolan is an example of sustainable management of natural resources, which was initiated in a village, Tehri, located in Garhwal. The people residing in that area realized the importance of forests and decided not to give timber products to the people of other areas. They hugged the trees by making a human chain by standing and protested against cutting them. The Andolan soon spread in the nearby areas, and those people also started to protest against the cutting of trees.

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Ganga Action Plan

In 1985, the Ganga Action Plan was implemented as a massive multi-crore project, which was undertaken to make the river Ganga pollution-free. It was also noticed that because of the continuous dumping of waste into river Ganga, the number of coliform bacteria rose up to an alarming level. This bacteria is, otherwise, found in the human intestine. This led to the pollution of the river. As people use water for bathing, washing clothes, it leads to the addition of various chemicals in the water which in turn, alters the 'ph' of the water level and makes it contaminated. The main aim of the project was to improve the quality of water by reducing the concentration of contaminants in the river. 

Why Should We Manage Our Resources?

We are in critical demand to manage our resources because everything that we consume is obtained from resources existing on the Earth. They have to be handled carefully as all the natural resources are limited. Also, proper management ensures the availability of these resources for us today and for future generations tomorrow.

Sectors Affected by Depletion of Natural Resources

The depletion of natural resources poses a potential threat on a global level, depletion of resources like water and fossil fuels may lead to a severe shortage of water and fuel sources, but the immediate effect of overexploitation is widely suffered by the population established near the resource. Some of the most common examples of sectors affected by lack of sustainable management include the stakeholders and the wildlife of the nearby area. These are briefly explained below.  

What are Stakeholders?

They are the individuals and the parties having a binding interest in an asset. The stakeholders are,

Locals - Who live around the forests and frequently depend on forest products.

The Forest Department - A government body that looks after the forest.

Industrialists - They take raw materials to run their industries.

Wildlife and Natural Enthusiasts - Those who need to conserve forests.

The stakeholders generally depend directly or indirectly on the natural resources for their livelihood, the lack of sustainable management, in turn, leads to overexploitation and scarcity of the resources. 

Wildlife refers to living beings as a combination of plants, animals, and microorganisms found in natural habitats, which are neither domesticated nor cultivated. It is threatened because of a high degree of exploitation and human interference like-

Overexploitation

Habitat destruction

Lack of proper management techniques leads to the disruption of the ecological balance of the environment. 

In conclusion of the article, we have learnt about natural resource management and its importance. 

FAQs on Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

1. Explain Wildlife Conservation and Its Methods?

It is the practice of sustainable management of natural resources, protecting wild species and their habitats to prevent species from going extinct. Major threats to wildlife include destruction/degradation/fragmentation, habitat, overexploitation, poaching, climate change, and pollution. Conservation can be done by following the below methods:

National Park - A protected area where cultivation, grazing, hunting, and more are not allowed. For example, Jim Corbett National Park.

Sanctuaries - These are the protected areas where except hunting, all other activities are allowed.

Biosphere Reserve - A protected area meant for wildlife conservation, tribals, and their domesticated animals.

Protection through Legislation - There are a number of wildlife acts like IBWL ( Indian Board of Wild Life) - 1952, Wildlife Protection Act - 1972, MAB (Man And Biosphere Programme) - 1971, Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) - 1976.

2. Explain the Water Harvesting and Benefits of it?

It is a method of capturing, collection, and storage of rainwater and surface runoff for filling either small bodies or recharging groundwater. The benefits of water harvesting are described as:

This method lessens the chances of flooding during the rainy season. 

It ensures water availability. 

The groundwater is regularly recharged.

Biology • Class 10

Natural Resources

Natural resources occur by natural means within environments that exist relatively undisturbed simply by humanity, in an all-natural form. A natural resource is usually characterized by variety of biodiversity and geodiversity existent in a variety of ecosystems. Natural resources are produced from the environment. Natural resources are supplies and components that may be found within environmental surroundings. Every man-made product comprises natural resources.

Presentation on Operations Management

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1) Enabling policy and institutional environment

• nature of property rights for resources (i.e., whether private or common, and how well-defined)
• legal status of community-based institutions and whether they have authority to manage financial resources, levy user charges, enforce compliance with exclusion orders, etc.
• macro-economic conditions affecting the financial viability of small producers
• extent of rural infrastructure which affects the ease of access to arkets for local producers

2) Participatory processes for establishing community-based groups

• entry point subprojects that result in positive financial and/or economic returns to local communities while attaining sustainable resource management goals - the incentive for collective action
• benefits from management of natural resources must accrue quickly, locally, transparently, and as equitably as possible given the resource constraints - providing incentives to as many resource users as possible
• externalities and asymmetric costs and benefits associated with most natural resource management activities means that appropriate financial incentives are required for co-financing entry point subprojects with local communities -- improving the incentives

3) Effective operational linkages between institutional actors to facilitate large-scale adoption of sustainable NRM practices.

• review and restructuring of public sector agencies to become more responsive to clients
• decentralization of responsibility and authority for resource management decisions to the most appropriate level (subsidiarity)
• design of appropriate decentralized financial instrument (e.g., social fund, demand driven rural investment fund, or local development fund) for financing community-based resource management initiatives
• decentralized financial instruments must enable community-based local procurement of goods and services.

Project On Management Of Natural Resources For Class 10

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION :

Natural resources, such as the air we breathe, the water we drink, the land we live on, and the biodiversity that surrounds us, are the fundamental building elements of our world. The process of conserving and utilising natural resources in a way that is sustainable and advantageous to both current and future generations is referred to as management of natural resources. It is a crucial component of environmental management that contributes to maintaining the health and viability of our planet over the long term. We will go deeper into the idea of natural resource management and its different components in this project.

WHY ARE NATURAL RESOURCES NECESSARY?

For all living things to survive and develop, natural resources are necessary. Here are a few explanations for why we require natural resources:

Energy : To produce the energy that runs our homes, businesses, and industries , renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydroelectricity are combined with natural resources like coal, oil, and natural gas.

All life forms depend on water, which is utilised for drinking, irrigation, and other industrial processes.

Food: Agriculture, which provides the food that keeps us alive, depends on natural resources like rich soil, pure water, and sunlight.

Drugs: Plants and minerals are examples of natural resources that are used to make many of the medications that we use to treat ailments and diseases.

Materials for construction: Natural resources like wood, stone, and metal are used to construct buildings, roads, and other infrastructure.

In conclusion, natural resources are essential for meeting our basic requirements, such as those for food, water, shelter, and energy, and they also promote the advancement of economic and technical systems.

TYPES OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Based on where they came from, natural resources can be generally divided into three groups:

Resources that can be regenerated over time—either naturally or as a result of human activity—are referred to as renewable resources. Solar energy, wind energy, hydroelectricity, biomass, and geothermal energy are a few examples.

Resources that cannot be replaced after being used up are referred to as non-renewable resources. Examples include minerals like iron, copper, and gold as well as fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas.

Resources that are unaffected by human use are known as inexhaustible resources. Examples include solar energy, wind energy, and tidal energy.

Natural resources can also be divided into smaller groups based on how they are used, such as energy resources, mineral resources, water resources, and forest resources.

WILDLIFE AND FOREST

Two essential natural resource components are forests and wildlife. Large tracts of land covered with trees and other plants are known as forests, and they have various ecological and economic advantages. By providing home for countless kinds of plants and animals, forests sustain biodiversity through regulating the climate, preserving soil fertility, preventing soil erosion, and all of the aforementioned.

Any living things that are not domesticated and are found in their natural environments are referred to be wildlife. Wildlife, which includes animals, birds, fish, and reptiles, is crucial for preserving the ecological equilibrium. Among other ecosystem functions, they aid in pollination, seed distribution, insect control, and nutrient cycling.

Yet, human activities like deforestation, overgrazing, poaching, and habitat destruction pose various dangers to forests and wildlife. To prevent future deterioration and extinction of forests and species, conservation activities are required. In addition to awareness campaigns, education initiatives, and sustainable forest management techniques, conservation measures include the establishment of national parks, wildlife reserves, and protected areas.

WATER FOR EVERYONE

For human health and survival, having access to clean water is crucial. Yet, access to clean water is a problem that affects billions of people worldwide, and it is made worse in poorer nations. To guarantee that everyone has access to clean and safe water, it is imperative to address the serious issues of water scarcity and water pollution.

When the demand for water outweighs the supply, water scarcity results. Many reasons, such as population growth, climate change, and ineffective water management policies, may be to blame for this. As water becomes contaminated with dangerous elements like chemicals, bacteria, and viruses, it becomes unfit to drink.

There are several actions that can be taken to alleviate these problems, such as:

encouraging the use of water-saving gadgets and techniques like drip irrigation and rainwater collection.

Purchasing water treatment equipment to raise the quality of the water.

constructing water infrastructure, such as pipelines, canals, and dams, to enhance the availability of water.

putting policies and rules into practise to stop water contamination and uphold standards for water quality.

educating localities on the value of water conservation and environmentally friendly water management techniques.

We can guarantee that everyone has access to clean, safe water—which is crucial for maintaining human health and wellbeing—by putting these steps into place.

Large constructions known as dams are placed across rivers and streams to regulate water flow and store water for a variety of uses. Dams are crucial for irrigation, flood control, hydroelectric power generation, and water storage. Yet dam building and maintenance also have a big impact on the environment and society.

Dams have a number of benefits, including:

Water storage: Dams are capable of holding vast volumes of water that can be used for agriculture, drinking, and industrial uses.

Hydroelectric power generation: By using turbines that are powered by falling water, dams may produce energy.

Flood control: By managing the water flow in rivers and streams, dams can aid in the prevention of floods.

Recreation: Activities like boating, fishing, and swimming can be done in reservoirs created by dams.

Yet dam building and operation also have substantial effects on the environment and society, such as:

Displacement of people: Building dams may force local communities out of their homes, which could have serious social and economic repercussions.

Loss of natural habitat: The construction of reservoirs may cause the loss of plant and animal habitats.

Water quality: By modifying water flow, temperature, and nutrient levels, dams can have an impact on water quality.

Greenhouse gas emissions: Carbon dioxide and methane greenhouse gases can be released during the degradation of plants in reservoirs.

There are a number of steps that may be taken to lessen the negative effects of dams, including as carrying out environmental impact assessments, involving local populations in the decision-making process, and putting policies in place to lessen the effects of dam construction and operation.

PETROLEUM AND COAL

Petroleum and coal are two non-renewable energy sources that are frequently utilised in industry, transportation, and power generation. Unfortunately, using coal and petroleum also has a lot of negative effects on the environment and human health.

A fossil fuel largely used for the production of power is coal. Climate change is exacerbated by the large greenhouse gas emissions from coal mining and burning. Significant environmental effects of coal mining include habitat damage, water pollution, and soil erosion.

Petroleum, usually referred to as oil, is a fossil fuel that is largely used in industry and transportation. Petroleum is also extracted and burned, which results in a considerable amount of greenhouse gas emissions and climate change. Offshore drilling and transportation oil spills have the potential to seriously harm marine ecosystems.

Many steps can be taken to lessen the harmful effects of using coal and petroleum, including:

encouraging energy efficiency and conservation to lower energy consumption.

developing and supporting renewable energy sources, such as hydropower, wind power, and solar power.

putting policies and rules into effect that will lower greenhouse gas emissions and encourage the use of cleaner energy.

promoting the use of electric vehicles, carpooling, and public transportation to cut down on the usage of petroleum.

encouraging environmentally friendly mining methods and minimising mining’s negative effects.

By putting these steps in place, we can lessen our reliance on coal and oil and shift to a cleaner, more sustainable energy future.

THE FIVE ‘R’ PRINCIPLES OF WASTE MANAGEMENT

The act of gathering, moving, processing, and disposing of trash in a way that is both environmentally and socially responsible is known as waste management . A helpful foundation for decreasing waste and supporting sustainable waste management practises is the “Five R” principle of waste management. There are five R’s:

Reduce: The word “reduce” is the first R. This entails utilising less material or packaging to reduce the quantity of waste produced.

Reuse: Reuse is denoted by the second R. This entails reusing goods and resources several times before discarding them.

Recycle The word “recycle” is the third R. To develop new items, recycling resources like paper, glass, and plastic is necessary.

Recover The word “recover” is the fourth R. This refers to extracting energy from waste through other processes, such as incineration.

Dispose : Dispose is denoted by the sixth R. This entails properly managing garbage in terms of both the environment and society.

We can limit the quantity of waste produced, save resources, and lessen the harmful effects of garbage on the environment and human health by adhering to the five R principle. The following actions can be conducted specifically to use the five R principle:

utilising reusable bottles, bags, and containers in lieu of single-use products.

Paper, glass, plastic, and other items can all be recycled.

composting organic waste, such as leftover food and yard debris.

Rather than throwing away unwanted stuff, consider donating or selling them.

removing hazardous waste items like batteries and electronics from the environment properly.

By using the five R waste management principle, we may encourage sustainable waste management methods and reduce trash, making our environment cleaner and healthier.

Finally, it should be noted that effective management of natural resources is essential for the survival of our planet and the welfare of all living things. Sustainable management of natural resources is crucial to maintain their availability for future generations because they are vital for human life and progress.

Natural resources are necessary for a variety of human needs, such as food, shelter, energy, and transportation. However the exploitation of natural resources has negative effects on the environment and society, such as habitat loss, water pollution, and climate change.

We must adopt methods for resource conservation, the promotion of renewable energy, the preservation of wildlife and forests, and waste reduction if we want to manage natural resources sustainably. A helpful foundation for decreasing waste and supporting sustainable waste management practises is the “Five R” principle of waste management.

In conclusion, governing bodies, local communities, and people all need to work together to manage natural resources sustainably. We can guarantee that natural resources are accessible to future generations while maintaining the integrity of our planet’s ecosystems by banding together and implementing sustainable practises.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

National Geographic’s “Natural Resources” Easily accessed at: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/natural-resources

The World Bank’s “Sustainable Management of Natural Resources.” At: https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/environment/brief/sustainable-management-of-natural-resources

The United Nations Environment Program’s “Wildlife and Forests.” You can access it at: https://www.unep.org/regions/north-america/regional-initiatives/wildlife-and-forests

The United Nations Development Program’s “Water for Everyone” campaign. Website address: https://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/goals/goal-6-clean-water-and-sanitation/targets/water-for-all.html

by the Environmental Protection Agency, “Coal and Petroleum.” It is possible to access this information at: https://www.epa.gov/energy/coal-and-petroleum-resources-environmental-concerns

Reject, Reduce, Use, Repurpose, and Recycle are the “Five R’s” according to Earth911. Visit https://earth911.com/business-policy/the-five-rs-refuse-reduce-reuse-repurpose-recycle/ for more information.

CERTIFICATE

Certificate

This is to certify that I, [Your Name], a student of Class 10 at [Name of School], have successfully completed the project on “Management of Natural Resources. ” This project explores the importance of natural resources, the types of resources, and the sustainable practices needed to ensure their preservation and availability for future generations.

Throughout this project, I had the opportunity to delve into the significance of natural resources in our daily lives and how they contribute to the well-being of all living organisms. From energy sources to essential materials for construction and food production, natural resources play a vital role in sustaining life on Earth.

Understanding the different types of natural resources, including renewable, non-renewable, and inexhaustible resources, helped me grasp the diverse ways in which these resources are utilized and the necessity to manage them sustainably.

The project also shed light on critical issues related to wildlife and forests. Learning about their ecological importance and the threats they face due to human activities made me realize the urgency of conservation efforts. Creating awareness and implementing conservation measures, such as establishing protected areas and wildlife reserves, are crucial steps in safeguarding our biodiversity.

Water, as a fundamental natural resource, also received considerable attention in this project. The project highlighted the importance of ensuring clean and accessible water for everyone, the causes of water scarcity and pollution, and the necessary steps to address these issues through water-saving techniques, treatment processes, and better water management policies.

Additionally, the project explored the impact of dam construction on the environment and society, as well as the challenges and benefits associated with using non-renewable resources like coal and petroleum. Understanding these issues enabled me to appreciate the significance of adopting renewable energy sources and reducing our reliance on fossil fuels.

The “Five R” principle of waste management, which stands for Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover, and Dispose, was another crucial aspect of the project. It emphasized the importance of responsible waste management to minimize environmental impacts and promote a cleaner, healthier planet.

Undertaking this project has broadened my perspective on the significance of sustainable natural resource management and the urgency of conserving our planet’s resources. I am grateful to my teacher for guiding and supporting me throughout this project and providing valuable insights into the subject matter.

I would also like to thank my family and friends for their encouragement and support during the research and preparation of this project.

Completing this project on “Management of Natural Resources” has been a fulfilling and enlightening experience. I hope that my project will inspire others to recognize the value of natural resources and contribute to their preservation and sustainable use.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

The Class 10 NCERT Solutions for Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources includes all the intext and exercise questions. Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources NCERT questions and answers help students to clear their doubts and to obtain good marks in Class 10 board exam. All the solutions provided in this article are strictly based on the CBSE syllabus and curriculum.

Class 10 Science Chapter 16 NCERT Questions and Answers

Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources NCERT Questions and Answers are prepared by experts with a detailed explanation that will help students complete their assignments & homework. Having a good grasp over CBSE NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science will further help the students in their preparation for board exams and other competitive exams such as NTSE, Olympiad, etc.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Intext Questions

Intext Question (Page No. 271)

Question 1: What changes can you make in your habits to become more environment- friendly?

Answer: In order to become more environment-friendly, the following practices can be incorporated in our day-to-day lives:

• Stop wastage of water.
• Switching off unnecessary lights and fans.
• Don’t waste food. Take as much as you require.
• Walking down or use cycle for going to nearby market instead of using vehicle.
• Separate wastes into recyclable and non-recyclable.
• Reuse carry bags, packing materials, plastic containers and other reusable material.

Question 2: What would be the advantages of exploiting resources with short-term aims?

Answer: Overconsumption of resources with short-term interests in mind will give a boost to the economy. However, the increased growth of the economy will be short-lived since the exploitation of resources is not sustainable. Exploiting resources for the sake of short-term goals will be beneficial to the present generations but not for future generations.

Question 3: How would these advantages differ from the advantages of using a long-term perspective in managing our resources?

Answer: Short term exploitation of natural resources fulfil the current demand. It is beneficial for the present generation only, whereas, management of resources with long term perspective is aimed to fulfil the needs of future generations. Long term use of resources can be achieved through its sustainable use.

Question 4: Why do you think there should be equitable distribution of resources? What forces would be working against an equitable distribution of our resources?

Answer: There should be equitable distribution of resources so that all, rich, powerful and poor people get benefit from the development of these resources. Rich, greedy and powerful people could work against an equitable distribution of our resources.

Intext Question (Page No. 275)

Question 1: Why should we conserve forests and wildlife?

Answer: Wildlife and forests should be conserved for the following reasons:

• To prevent loss of ecological stability
• To preserve biodiversity
• To obtain medicine, wood, fruits, etc., products in a sustainable manner
• To promote social and economic growth.

Question 2: Suggest some approaches towards the conservation of forests.

• Forests can be conserved by:
• Preventing the process of deforestation
• Preventing cattle ranching in the forest
• Promoting afforestation
• Preventing the soil erosion
• Mobilising people’s active cooperation

Intext Question (Page No. 278)

Question 1: Find out about the traditional systems of water harvesting/management in your region.

Answer: In populated metropolitan cities, the primary sources of water include groundwater and lakes. Groundwater is harvested with the help of borewells whereas pipes harvest water directly from the lakes. The harvested water is then stored in water tankers placed at strategic locations throughout the city.

Question 2: Compare the above system with the probable systems in hilly mountainous areas or plains or plateau regions.

Answer: In  hilly regions , rainwater is often collected and channelled with the help of a stream. The stream is diverted to different areas with the help of canals for the purpose of irrigation. In mountainous regions, water is commonly obtained from the rivers that flow from the glaciers.

In the  plains , water is obtained from many natural sources such as lakes and rivers. Groundwater is also harvested with the help of borewells for irrigation and human consumption.

Question 3: Find out the source of water in your region/locality. Is water from this source available to all people living in that area?

Answer: In our locality water is available from the following sources:

• Through pipe line supply by municipal corporation department to the houses.
• People also obtain water from hand pumps installed nearby.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Exercise Questions

Question 1: What changes would you suggest in your home in order to be environment- friendly?

• Segregate wastes into recyclable and non-recyclable.
• Use water and electricity judiciously.
• Do not waste food.
• Reuse newspapers and plastic items.
• Keep windows open to prevent less use of fan.
• Follow three R’s (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse).

Question 2: Can you suggest some changes in your school which would make it environment- friendly?

• Grow trees along the boundary wall.
• Grow shrubs and small plants on the sides of internal road and around the playground.
• Harvest water from rooftop to be utilised for watering the plants.
• Arrange awareness programmes among students through poster exhibition and seminars.
• Avoid wastage of water and paper should be recycled for handicraft purposes.

Question 3 : We saw in this chapter that there are four main stakeholders when it comes to forests and wildlife. Which among these should have the authority to decide the management of forest produce? Why do you think so?

Answer: The people living in and around the forests and the forest department of The Government could be given the authority to manage the forests because the forest department of the Government has sufficient power and resources that can manage the forest resources well. The people living in and around forests know about the forest products and use them only according to their needs. In addition to this, they would not damage the forests and use forests sustainably.

Question 4: How can you as an individual contribute or make a difference to the management of (a) forests and wildlife, (b) water resources and (c) coal and petroleum?

(a) Forests and Wildlife

• Take part in community activities with focus on conserving forests and wildlife.
• As a tourist follow all principles of conservation.
• Help organizations engaged in conservation of forests and wildlife

(b) Water Resources

• Save water in domestic use.
• Install a system for rainwater harvesting.

(c) Coal and Petroleum

• Save electricity whenever required.
• Install electric gadgets that use less power.
• Use public transport.

Question 5: What can you as an individual do to reduce your consumption of the various natural resources?

Answer: We can do the following as an individual to reduce our consumption of the various natural resources.

• Save electricity.
• Save water.
• Use cooking gas instead of wood for cooking.
• Observe the principle of three R’s (Reduce, Recycle and Reuse).

Question 6: List five things you have done over the last one week to – (a) conserve our natural resources. (b) increase the pressure on our natural resources.

Answer: (a) Five things done to conserve natural resources are:

• Used energy efficient electrical appliances.
• Used only as much of electricity as was required.
• Kept the water tap closed while brushing the teeth.
• Convinced mother to cook the food in a solar cooker.
• Used public transport for school instead of parent’s car.

(b) Five things done to increase the pressure on natural resources:

• Went to school on a bike instead of cycle.
• Forgot to switch off fan while going out
• Wasted food.
• Used more paper than required for printing on computer.
• Wastage of water resource.

Question 7: On the basis of the issues raised in this chapter, what changes would you incorporate in your life-style in a move towards a sustainable use of our resources?

Answer: Three methods of producing magnetic field are as follows:

• Will move in public transport system to conserve petrol.
• Instead of coal or natural gas, will prefer to use solar energy for cooking.
• Wilt obey rationalised husbanding of all renewable resources.
• Take care not to pollute the environment with waste.
• Should realise that we are living in a community and are not alone.

Topics covered under Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

Below we have listed the topics discussed in NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16. The list gives you a quick look at the different topics and subtopics of this chapter.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 – A Brief Discussion

Chapter Overview: In this chapter you will how to use our resources and why we need sustainable development. 

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Assignments Class 10 Science Management of Natural Resources

Please refer to Assignments Class 10 Science Management of Natural Resources Chapter 16 with solved questions and answers. We have provided Class 10 Science Assignments for all chapters on our website. These problems and solutions for Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources Class 10 Science have been prepared as per the latest syllabus and books issued for the current academic year. Learn these solved important questions to get more marks in your class tests and examinations.

Management of Natural Resources Assignments Class 10 Science

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question. What are 3 R’s used to save environment? Answer :  Reduce, Recycle and Reuse.

Question. Why fossil fuels should be used judiciously? Answer :  It is because these resources are limited, non-renewable and polluting.

Question. Name the gas responsible for global warming. Answer :  Carbon dioxide and methane.

Question. Name two dam projects which are facing criticism. Answer :  Tehri dam on river Ganga and Sardar Sarovar dam on river Narmada.

Question. What is a natural resource? Answer :  All the material we obtain from nature and use it is called natural resource.

Question. Name two important natural resources. Answer :  Forest, Water, Wildlife.

Question. List two advantages of building dams. Answer:  Two advantages of building dams are : (i) It helps in irrigation. (ii) It helps to generate electricity.

Question. “Reuse is better than recycling of materials”. Give reason to justify this statement. Answer: Reuse is better than recycling because the process of reuse does not require any energy as in the case of recycling. The reuse strategy comprises using things again and again. For example, used envelops can be used again to make notes.

Question. What are natural resources? State two factors that work against an equitable distribution of these resources.  Answer: Natural resources are the resources obtained from nature and are being exploited for meeting human requirements.

Question. List two items which can be easily recycled, but we generally throw them in the dust-bins. Answer: Newspapers and tin cans are the two items that can be easily recycled.

Question. List two problems that may arise by planting trees of single variety over vast tracts of forest. Answer: Two major problems that may arise by planting trees of single variety over a vast tract of forest are (i) Loss of biodiversity (ii) Varied need of the local people will not be fulfilled.

Question. “We need to manage our resources.” List two reasons to justify this statement.  Answer: We need to manage our natural resources because (i) the resources of the Earth are limited and (ii) the proper management of our resources ensures their equitable distribution.

Question. List four stakeholders which may be helpful in the conservation of forests. Answer: Major stakeholders of forest resources are: (i) Local people (ii) The Forest department of the Government (iii) The Industrialists (iv) The nature and wildlife enthusiasts

Question. What are the products formed when coal and petroleum are burnt? Answer :  Carbon dioxide, water, oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulphur.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Why must we conserve our forests? List two factors responsible for causing deforestation. Answer: We must conserve our forests as they are useful resources. Forests are useful to us in many ways: (i) They provide living places (natural habitats), shelter, protection and food to our wildlife. (ii) They provide timber for making furniture, houses, boats and other useful things of daily use. (iii) They provide raw materials for paper, rayon and many other industries. (iv) They are the rich source of many other things like honey, lac, medicines, dyes, katha, sandalwood, spices etc. (v) They help in maintaining a balance of gases like CO2 and O2 in the atmosphere, etc. Two main reasons for deforestation are as follows: (i) Indiscriminate felling of trees for the purpose of timber, fuel and industrial demand of wood, building dams, etc. (ii) Over-grazing by a large livestock population.

Question. What is sustainable development? State its two main objectives. Answer: Sustainable development can be defined as management of available resources and development of new techniques for use of natural resources to meet the changing basic human needs, at the same time preserving the resources for the need of future generations. The two main objectives of sustainable development are: (i) To reduce the dependence on the conventional sources and adopt non-conventional sources of energy. (ii) Evolving new technology and conserving natural resources.

Question. (a) Why do we need to manage our resources carefully? (b) Why management of natural resources requires a long term perspective? Answer: (a) : The resources of Earth are limited and their demand is increasing day by day with ever growing population. So, we have to avoid their wastage and should properly manage, conserve and replenish our natural resources. (b) Management of natural resources requires a long term perspective so that they can last for generations to come and may not be merely exploited for short term gains.

Question. What is meant by ‘‘sustainable management’’? Why is reuse considered better than recycling? Answer: Sustainable management means managing the use of natural resources in a way that they fulfill the needs of present generation and are also conserved for future generations. Reuse is considered better than recycling because reusing products reduces the amount of waste and saves energy needed to recycle it.

Question. Everyone of us can do something to reduce our personal consumption of various natural resources. List four such activities based on 3-R approach. Answer: Activities which can reduce consumption of natural resources are as follows: (i) If we take public transport instead of private transport to travel to our destinations then we can help reduce the use of fossil fuels. (ii) Reusing the water used for washing vegetables, to water plants in the garden can help in saving water. (iii) Repairing and reusing old mobiles, televisions, etc., help reduce consumption of natural resources. (iv) Promoting the use of furniture made of metals, fabrics, etc., instead of wood can help reduce the cutting of trees for making such items.

Question. Why is sustainable management of natural resources necessary? Out of the two-reuse and recycle-which, in your opinion is better to practise? Give reason. Answer: Sustainable management of natural resources is necessary because : (i) The resources of the Earth are limited and because of the rapid increase in human population, the demand for resources is increasing day by day. Proper management can ensure that the natural resources are used judiciously so that they fulfil the needs of present generation and also last for the generations to come. (ii) It also takes into consideration long-term perspective and prevents exploitation of natural resources for short-term gains. The process of ‘reuse’ is better than that of ‘recycling’ because some energy is used to recycle old objects but no energy is required during reuse.

Question. Management of forest and wild life resources is a very challenging task. Why? Give any two reasons.  Answer: Management of the forest and wildlife resources is considered as a challenging task as there are many stakeholders of forest. These stakeholders are directly or indirectly involved in forest and wildlife resources. These stakeholders are : (i) The people who live in or around forests and are dependent on forest products for various aspects of their lives. (ii) The industrialists who use various forest products and the wildlife enthusiasts who want to conserve the forest and wildlife. (iii) The Forest Department of the Government which owns the land and controls the resources from forests. Maintaining the interest of all the stakeholders is a challenging task as (i) Due to industrialisation and urbanisation forest resources are depleting. (ii) There are profit makers who want to make money from this resource.

Question. What is meant by three types of ‘R’ (3-Rs) to save the environment? Explain with examples how would you follow the 3-Rs in your school to save the environment.  Answer: 3-Rs to save the environment are reduce, recycle and reuse. For sustainable use of resources, the three Rs can be practised in school in following ways : Reduce : Switching of unnecessary lights and fans when not in use, avoiding wastage of food, closing of over flowing taps. Recycle : Students should segregate the wastes generated in classroom and should discard them in separate dustbins for their proper disposal. Reuse : Certain items can be reused like old books should not be thrown instead can be given to junior students for their use.

Question. Write two advantages of sustainable management of natural resources. Out of the two – reuse and recycle – which is better and why?  Answer:  Two advantages of sustainable management of natural resources are : (i) It avoids wasteful use of natural resources and (ii) Benefits of the resources are conserved for present as well as future generations. Of the two, reuse and recycle, reuse is better because reusing an item helps to conserve energy that may be required to recycle it.

Question. What is meant by wildlife? How is it important for us?  Answer: Life in any form (plants or animals), which exists in its natural habitat is called wildlife. Wildlife is very important for us, as it provides ecological stability by maintaining the food chain. Wildlife is important to us in following ways: (i) Wildlife is a renewable source of large variety of commercial products like food, fur, lac, musk, leather, feather, ivory, timber, fibre, fodder, fuel, medicines, etc., which can be used from time to time. (ii) Wildlife is considered as gene bank, which can be used for producing high yielding plants and animals through the process of selection and hybridisation. (iii) The wildlife can be used commercially to earn money through tourism (jungle safari, etc.) as it provides best means of sports and recreation.

Question. State two advantages of conserving (i) forests, and (ii) wildlife.  Answer:  Two advantages of conserving forests and wildlife are : (i) Forests (a) Forests provide us a number of valuable goods i.e., wood, spices, rubber, etc. (b) Forests help to reduce atmospheric pollution. They absorb CO2, collect suspended particles and reduce noise. (ii) Wildlife (a) Wildlife helps to maintain ecological balance of nature. (b) Wild animals are a source of valuable products like ivory, honey, musk, etc.

Question. Explain giving example where active involvement of local people lead to effcient management of forest.  Answer: Active participation of public and their support must be generated in order to conserve our forests and wildlife to achieve the real goal of ecodevelopment. An example of public participation in conservation of forest and wildlife is the case of the Bishnoi Community in Rajasthan. In 1731, Amrita Devi Bishnoi sacrifficed her life along with 363 others for the protection of ‘Khejri’ trees in Khejrali village near Jodhpur in Rajasthan.

Question. ‘‘What was Chipko Andolan’’? How did this Andolan ultimately benefit the local people and the environment? Answer: The Chipko Andolan (tree hugging movement) is an example of the contribution of common people towards the conservation of forests. The Chipko Andolan originated from an incidence in a remote village of Garhwal, high up in the Himalayas in the early 1970s. A logging contractor had been allowed to cut down trees in a forest close to a village. The people of the village did not want this forest to be cleared because it would spoil their healthy environment. One day, when the men folk of the village were out for work, the contractor’s workers came in the forest to cut down the trees. In the absence of men, the women of the village reached the forest quickly and clasped the tree trunks with their arms, preventing the workers from cutting them down. The forest trees were thus saved. The Chipko movement quickly spread across all the communities and helped in the conservation of forests thereby contributing to the service of mankind. Both local people and environment were benefitted due to conservation of food, fooder, fuel fibre and fertiliser trees.

Question. Forests are ‘‘biodiversity hotspots’’. Justify this statement. Answer: Forests are reservoirs of diversity. They contain different species of plants, animals and all sorts of living organisms. Forests are also under severe threat due to habitat loss, climate change and extensive species loss. Hence, they are considered as biodiversity hotspots.

Question. List four causes of damage to forests. Answer: Four causes of damage to forests are: (i) Increasing human population necessitates the expansion of human habilitation which requires clearing of forests to make more land available for residential purposes. (ii) Rapid industrialisation also mandates setting up of new factories. Land for factory set up is also made available by clearing forests. (iii) Ever increasing human population increases the demand of fresh supply of wooden furniture and other items for which trees are cut. (iv) Forest fres resulting from mishandling of inflammable objects, left unattended campfire, negligently discarded cigarettes etc., by humans causes damage to forests on a large scale.

Question. How do advantages of exploiting natural resources with short term gains in mind differ from the advantages of managing our resources with a long-term perspective? Answer:  The advantages of exploiting resources with short term aim is to meet the immediate basic human needs. Short term exploitation of natural resources meets the current demand. It is beneficial for the present generation only whereas management of resources with long term perspective is aimed to fulffil the needs of future generations. Long term use of resources can be achieved through their sustainable use.

Question. What is biodiversity? What will happen if biodiversity of an area is not preserved? Answer: Biodiversity refers to the variety and variability of living organisms on Earth or in a particular habitat. Biodiversity forms the foundation of the vast array of ecosystem services (pollination, food, timber, spices, etc.) that critically contribute to human well being. Biodiversity boosts ecosystem productivity where each species, no matter how small, has an important role to play. Hence, biodiversity is required for maintaining ecological balance. Loss of biodiversity will disturb ecological balance and create an ecological imbalance. Moreover it will deprive humans of some important ecological services.

Question. List two criteria of measuring the biodiversity of an area.  Answer: The basic criteria of measuring the biodiversity of an area are: (i) The presence of varied number of organisms and the type of ecosystem present in the area. (ii) Indicator organisms are also a measure of biodiversity.

Question. Monoculture of a particular type of tree is no substitute for natural forests. List two reasons to justify this statement.  Answer: Monoculture of few plants is useful for few industries. It is a source of earning for the forest department only but leads to loss of biodiversity and also varied needs of villagers and local people cannot be met. Hence, it cannot be a substitute of natural forest.

Question. What is ‘Chipko movement”? Why should we conserve forests? Answer: Chipko movement was started by women to stop the felling of forest trees of their area. These women literally clasped the tree trunks to prevent the workers of the contractor to cut the trees. It was started in early 1970s in village Reni in Garhwal district of Uttarakhand. Forests are important renewable natural resources dominated mainly by trees. They are essential for ecological balance of all ecosystems. They maintain biological diversity, regulate water cycle, prevent soil erosion and foods, recharge water table, etc. We obtain many useful products like wood, food, drugs etc., from forests. Thus, conservation of forests is utmost important.

Question. Water is a valuable resource. List two ways that you would suggest every family member to save this resource.  Answer: Water is a valuable resource and to save this resource two suggestive methods are : (i) Preventing wastage of water, in household by turning of tap when not in use while brushing, shaving, etc., and in public places. (ii) Promoting reusing water like water, used for washing vegetables can be reused for watering garden plants.

Question. What is watershed management system? List two benefits derived by the communities that participate in this system. Answer: Watershed management emphasises scientiffic soil and water conservation in order to increase the biomass production. The aim is to develop primary resources of land and water so that they can be used to produce secondary resources of plants and animals without causing the ecological imbalance. Benefits derived from watershed management are: (i) It identifies degraded area of land and emphasises the need of the improvement of quality and quantity of clean water to the local community and thus ensures their participation. (ii) Construction of a series of long trenches and mounds to hold rain water and allow it to percolate into the ground, thus increasing the ground water.

Question. List two causes of pollution of river Ganga. Answer: The two causes of pollution of river Ganga are : (i) Increasing human activities like bathing, washing clothes, bathing of animals, in river water. (ii) Dumping of industrial wastes and ashes of corpses which are cremated in the water of river Ganga.

Question. Why do we need to use our resources carefully? Answer :  It is because these resources are limited and the human population is increasing at very fast rate, the demand for these resources is increasing. For long term usage and to preserve them we need to use our resources carefully.

Question. For the conservation of forest who can be a stakeholder. Answer :  (i) The people who live in or around forest. (ii) The forest department of the government. (iii) The industrialists. (iv) The wildlife and nature enthusiasts who want to conserve nature.

Question. List four changes you would incorporate in your life style in a move towards sustainable use of available resources  Answer :  (i) Taking a bus, using cycle or walking. (ii) Using CFL at home and switching off lights when not required. (iii) Using the stairs instead of lift. (iv) Wearing an extra sweater on cold days instead of encouraging the use of heaters.

Question. Prejudice against the traditional use of forest areas has no basis. Comment. Answer :  It can be explained with one example—The great Himalayan Park contain alpine meadows which were grazed by sheep in summer. Nomadic shepherds drove their flock up from the valley every summer. When the National Park was formed this practice was banned. Because of no grazing, the grass first grew very tall and then fell over on the ground preventing fresh growth. Hence the traditional use was helpful for the forest maintenance.

Question. Why is it necessary to conserve forest and wildlife? Answer :  To preserve forest, maintain balance in the eco-system, prevent floods, droughts.

Question. Inspite of plenty rainfall in monsoon in some areas of India, there is failure to sustain water availability. Give reasons. Answer :  (i) Loss of forest cover prevents rainwater from seeping down the ground. (ii) Underground water is not recharged.

Question. What are three basic cause that has brought criticisms about large dams projects? Answer :  (i) Social problem—as its construction displaces large number of tribals and local peasants without proper compensation and rehabilitation. (ii) Economic problem—such projects need lot of money for the setup or construction without much of out-put or benefit. (iii) Environmental problem—the construction causes deforestration and loss of biological diversity.

Question. What is water harvesting? What is the main purpose of water harvesting? Answer :  Rain water harvesting is collecting the rain water, allowing it to percolate, discharge down the earth and increase the ground water level. It is done to manage water.

Question. Name the products of combustion of coal and petroleum. How do they effect our environment? Answer :  CO 2 , H 2 O, oxides of sulphur and nitrogen are released from the combustion of coal and petroleum. Effect on environment: (i) CO2 — Green house effect, global warming. (ii) Oxides of sulphur and nitrogen causes acid rain.

Question. A tribe is living near the forest. Name two things which they will commonly use from forest. Answer :  Tribe will use timber, firewood, fruits, gum, medicines from the forest.

Question. Give an example of people’s participation in the management of forests. Answer :  Saving of sal forest of Arabari in Midnapore District. Chipko Movement to protect the trees from cutting down in Reni village Garhwal.

Question. Write two advantages of classifying sources as renewable and non-renewable. Answer :  Classification of resources helps us in deciding the kind of resource we should use judiciously and wisely. The resource that is not limited. It also helps us to know the importance of using renewable source of energy.

Question. Which is better—recycle or reuse? Give example. Answer :  Reuse is better because recycling needs extra energy. E.g., the glass containers in which we get jam, pickles etc., can be reused at home to keep kitchen stuff but if it goes for recycling then lot of energy and money is spent on recycling it and getting a new bottle.

Question. Name two industries based on forest produce. Answer :  Paper industries, bamboo, bidi and tendu leaves industries.

Question. What are the advantages of water stored in ground? Answer :  (i) Does not evaporate. (ii) Recharges wells. (iii) No danger of mosquito breeding. (iv) Better availability of potable water.

Question. How does mining cause pollution? Answer :  Mining causes pollution because if produces large amount of slag which is discarded for every tonne of metal that is extracted.

Question. Why are forests called as biodiversity hot spots? Answer :  Biodiversity hot-spot means a place where large number of species are found. The range of different life forms i.e., bacteria, fungi, ferns, flowering plants, variety of animals likes, insects, birds, reptiles, aves, mammals etc are all found in the forest.

Question. Give three main uses of fossil fuels. Answer :  (a) Fossil fuels are used for generating electricity i.e., Coal is used in thermal power plants on large scale to produce electricity. (b) Coal and petroleum is also used in industries to prepare goods from raw-materials. (c) Petroleum is used for transportation. In vehicles petrol or diesel is used.

Question. List two traditional system of water harvesting. [CBSE 2008 F] Answer :  Khadim, tanks and nadis in Rajasthan, bandharas and tals in Maharashtra.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. Today we encounter the problem of water shortage, although it rains well in rainy season. ‘Khushi society’ has made a provision of rainwater harvesting. (a) Suggest two methods of rain water harvesting. (b) How can you store water without any water-borne diseases and germs multiplying in it? (c) What values are seen in the members of society? Answer :  (a) Roof top and underground rain water harvesting. (b) In close tanks and underground tanks. (c) Members show responsible behaviour, socially just interaction and team work.

Question. Find out about the traditional systems of water harvesting/management in your region. Answer :  The traditional systems of water harvesting management: • Bandharas and tals in Maharashtra • Bundhis in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh • Kulhs in Himachal Pradesh • Khadins, tanks and nadis in Rajasthan. • Ahars and pynes in Bihar.

Question. Compare the above system with the probable systems in hilly/mountainous areas or plains or plateau regions. Answer :  Water harvesting system in hilly and mountainous areas is different from plains and from plateau region. For e.g., in hilly areas like Himachal Pradesh a local system of irrigation was developed called kulhs. The water flowing in the streams was diverted into man-made channels which took this water to numerous villages down the hillside. Whereas water in plains is collected in check dams or tanks, tals or bundhis.

Question. Find out the source of water in your region/locality. Is water from this source available to all people living in that area? Answer :  The source of water in our region is municipality supply of water and from under ground i.e. ground water. There is scarcity of water during summer season and most people don’t have access to water.

Question. How can you as an individual contribute or make a difference to the management of (a) forests and wildlife, (b) water resources and (c) coal and petroleum? Answer :  (a) Forests and wildlife: Use less paper, do not waste paper, as trees are cut down to make it. Do not buy any animal products which are made by killing them like fur, skin, tusk, horn etc. (b) Water resources: Use buckets to take bath instead of shower. Recycle the water from washing machine for toilets use. (c) Coal and petroleum: Use public transport or use the transport that uses CNG. Switch off lights, minimise the use of air-conditioner, room heater etc.

Question. What can you as an individual do to reduce your consumption of the various natural resources? Answer :  By following 3 R’s (a) Reduce: Reduce or minimise the use of resources, by saving electricity by switching off unnecessary lights and fans etc. and by walking whenever possible. (b) Recycle: Collect and recycle the products like plastic, paper, glass and metal. (c) Reuse: It is better than recycle. Instead of throwing used envelopes. We can reverse it and use it again. The plastic and glass containers, bottles can be reused.

Question. List five things you have done over the last one week to: (a) Conserve our natural resources. (b) Increase the pressure on our natural resources. Answer :  (a) To conserve our natural resources: I preferred walking to the nearby places or cycling instead of going by a car. Switched off lights when not required. Minimised the use of water and checked the extra flow of water. (b) Increase the pressure on our natural resources: I used air conditioner. Shopped for new clothes.

Question. On the basis of the issues raised in this chapter, what changes would you incorporate in your life style in a move towards a sustainable use of our resources? Answer :  To save various resources. I would follow 3R’s reduce, reuse and recycle. Minimize the use of coal and petroleum switch over to CNG and use electrical equipments at the minimum. Do not waste paper and water. I will not buy goods made by killing animals like fur, leather, tusk, etc.

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• Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

Ncert solutions class 10 science chapter 16 – cbse free pdf download.

*According to the latest update on the CBSE Syllabus 2023-24, this chapter has been removed.

NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources will guide your preparation for CBSE exams by providing detailed answers and explanations for all the exercise questions given in the textbook. The NCERT Solutions will assist you in gaining a thorough knowledge of the concepts involved in the chapter.

Learn about natural resources, their availability, and their optimal management with the help of NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources. These solution pages have been prepared by highly qualified and experienced subject matter experts. Furthermore, we ensure that appropriate content on  NCERT Solutions Class 10  is regularly updated as prescribed by the CBSE board. Besides accurate solutions, we also provide a complete breakdown of the questions, detailing all the steps and processes in an easy-to-understand format.

The solutions provided are tailored to be easily understood by Class 10 students. This ensures that the solutions are relevant to anyone studying the NCERT Class 10 Science textbook.

• Chapter 1 Chemical Reactions and Equations
• Chapter 2 Acids, Bases and Salts
• Chapter 3 Metals and Non-metals
• Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compounds
• Chapter 5 Periodic Classification of Elements
• Chapter 6 Life Processes
• Chapter 7 Control and Coordination
• Chapter 8 How Do Organisms Reproduce?
• Chapter 9 Heredity and Evolution
• Chapter 10 Light Reflection and Refraction
• Chapter 11 The Human Eye and Colourful World
• Chapter 12 Electricity
• Chapter 13 Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
• Chapter 14 Sources of Energy
• Chapter 15 Our Environment

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Access Answers to NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 16 – Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

In-text questions – 1 page: 271.

1. What changes can you make in your habits to become more environment-friendly?

In order to become more environment-friendly, the following practices can be incorporated into our day-to-day lives:

• Turning off any electrical appliance (such as TVs, water heaters, lights, fans, and air conditioners) when they are not in use.
• Avoiding the wastage of water by fixing any leaking taps or pipes as soon as possible. Also, the amount of water consumed must be controlled. For example, the tap should not be left running while brushing teeth.
• Disposing of plastic and glass wastes in recycling bins (many plastics take a long time to decompose and can have adverse effects on the environment).
• Using recyclable and eco-friendly products instead of convenient plastic products. For example, using paper or cloth bags instead of polythene bags is an environment-friendly habit.

2. What would be the advantages of exploiting resources with short-term aims?

The exploitation of resources with short-term goals means to the utilization of resources to meet immediate and current basic needs. This may not necessarily take into consideration the resources that would be available to future generations. Advantages of exploiting resources with short-term goals: 1. Rapid industrial growth 2. Addressing and fulfilling the immediate requirement of the population 3. Compared to the long-term goals, gains are greater 4. Agricultural development However, resources must be judiciously used considering their accessibility and availability in the future. Exploiting resources for short-term goals only indicates their gradual depletion for the present and coming generations.

3. How would these advantages differ from the advantages of using a long-term perspective in managing our resources?

The long-term model of resource consumption enables the conservation of the resources for them to be used by future generations. This will enable the economy to grow over a longer timeframe. It also provides more time for technology to advance and discover new, sustainable energy sources (such as nuclear fusion and fuel cells). All in all, the long-term perspective in managing resources has significantly greater advantages when compared to the short-term perspective.

4. Why do you think that there should be an equitable distribution of resources? What forces would be working against an equitable distribution of our resources?

Equitable distribution of resources enables every human to receive their share of the resources and makes sure that everyone has the basic requirements for life (such as food, water, shelter, etc.). The forces that work against equitable distribution include:

• The regional distribution of resources (such as soil and minerals).
• Corruption and greed of some humans
• Uneven distribution of resources between the rich and the poor.

In-text Questions – 2 Page: 275

1. Why should we conserve forests and wildlife?

The conservation of forests is very important for the stability of the environment. Forests serve as a home to a huge variety of life forms. Destruction of forests can disturb the food chain and lead to the extinction of many important species. Also, forests protect the soil from erosion and play a vital role in the water cycle. The loss of forests can severely affect the day-to-day lives of humans.

2. Suggest some approaches towards the conservation of forests.

Some steps that can be taken to conserve forests include:

Planting of trees to combat deforestation.

Placement of security forces in forests to prevent the poaching and smuggling of forest resources.

Incorporating steps to protect the forest dwellers without disturbing their lifestyles.

Avoiding the conversion of forest land into roads, buildings, and dams.

In-text Questions – 3 Page: 278

1. Find out about the traditional systems of water harvesting/ management in your region.

In populated metropolitan cities, the primary sources of water include groundwater and lakes. Groundwater is harvested with the help of borewells, whereas pipes harvest water directly from the lakes. The harvested water is then stored in water tankers placed at strategic locations throughout the city.

2. Compare the above system with the probable systems in hilly/ mountainous areas or plains or plateau regions.

In hilly regions , rainwater is often collected and channelled with the help of a stream. The stream is diverted to different areas with the help of canals for the purpose of irrigation. In mountainous regions, water is commonly obtained from the rivers that flow from the glaciers.

In the plains , water is obtained from many natural sources, such as lakes and rivers. Groundwater is also harvested with the help of borewells for irrigation and human consumption.

3. Find out the source of water in your region/locality. Is water from this source available to all people living in that area?

In metropolitan cities, the primary source of water is groundwater. This water is made available to all people in the city. However, poor infrastructure in some localities makes it difficult for some people to obtain water.

Exercises Questions Page: 280

1. What changes would you suggest in your home in order to be environment-friendly?

Some important changes that can help make homes more environment-friendly include:

• Segregation of the garbage into biodegradable waste (food waste) and non-biodegradable waste (plastics).
• Use of eco-friendly products such as cloth shopping bags and paper cups instead of plastics.
• Avoiding the wastage of electricity by switching off the electrical appliances that are not in use.
• Avoiding the wastage of water by quickly fixing leaking taps and incorporating practices that reduce water wastage (such as closing the taps while brushing and using water judiciously while bathing).

2. Can you suggest some changes in your school which would make it environment-friendly?

Some important changes that can help make schools more environment-friendly include:

• Providing a platform for students and teachers to report any leaking taps so that they can be quickly repaired by the school plumber.
• Students and teachers must make sure all the lights and fans are switched off when the classes end for the day.
• Setting up waste segregation bins for biodegradable waste and non-biodegradable waste throughout the school.
• Promoting the use of transport methods such as bicycles and school buses.

3. We saw in this chapter that there are four main stakeholders when it comes to forests and wildlife. Which among these should have the authority to decide the management of forest produce? Why do you think so?

The government’s forest department should have the authority because they are a branch of the government which is elected by the people. However, these forest authorities must not be corrupt and must not accept bribes from poachers/smugglers. The forest authorities can use the resources of the government to effectively protect and preserve forests.

4. How can you as an individual contribute or make a difference to the management of (a) forests and wildlife, (b) water resources and (c) coal and petroleum?

Solution (a). An individual can contribute to the management of forest and wildlife resources by:

• Organizing and participating in rallies that protest against deforestation and wildlife poaching.
• Volunteering for many non-government organizations (NGOs) that work towards the protection of forests and wildlife.
• Organizing and participating in group activities that involve the planting of new trees in forest areas.

(b). An individual can contribute towards the management of water resources by:

• Avoiding the wastage of water in their daily lives by using water judiciously.
• Spreading awareness about the importance of water management by participating in rallies/ activities.
• Promoting practices such as rainwater harvesting and discouraging the discharge of wastewater and sewage into lakes and rivers.

(c). An individual can contribute towards the management of non-renewable energy sources such as coal and petrol by:

• Using fuel-efficient transportation methods such as carpooling, use of public transport, and use of bicycles.
• Using energy-efficient light sources such as CFLs and LEDs instead of ordinary bulbs.
• Using solar water heaters instead of electric heaters for heating water.

5. What can you as an individual do to reduce your consumption of the various natural resources?

Practices that can be followed by individuals in order to reduce their consumption of natural resources include the following:

• Use of fuel-efficient transport options such as carpooling, bicycles, and public transport.
• Judicious use of water and avoidance of its wastage.
• Use of recycled products such as recycled paper and bottles to reduce the demand for natural resources.
• Promoting the use of renewable resources by using solar water heaters instead of electric heaters.

6. List five things you have done over the last week to (a) conserve our natural resources. (b) increase the pressure on our natural resources.

Practices for the conservation of natural resources include the following:

• Use of bicycles and public transport while travelling to reduce fuel consumption.
• Use of recycled paper and other recycled products.
• Segregation of garbage into biodegradable and non-biodegradable bins.
• Avoiding the wastage of water by using it judiciously and fixing any leaking taps/pipes.

Practices that deplete natural resources include the following:

• Wastage of electrical energy by leaving electrical appliances on after use.
• Wastage of water by ignoring any leaking pipes/taps and leaving the tap on while brushing.
• Excessive use of plastic products such as polythene bags.

7. On the basis of the issues raised in this chapter, what changes would you incorporate in your lifestyle in a move towards the sustainable usage of our resources?

The following changes can be incorporated into the lifestyles of individuals in order to move towards a sustainable usage of natural resources:

• Segregate the waste generated in homes into biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.
• Avoid the wastage of electricity by switching off lights, fans, and other electrical appliances when not in use.
• Use water judiciously and avoid its wastage by quickly repairing any leaking taps/pipes.
• Avoid the wastage of water by regulating the quantity of water consumed for bathing, washing clothes, brushing, etc.
• Practising environment-friendly methods such as rainwater harvesting and planting of trees.
• Usage of recycled products such as recycled paper and bottles.
• Usage of eco-friendly products such as cloth shopping bags and paper cups instead of non-biodegradable polythene bags and disposable plastic cups.

Management of natural resources is the sixteenth chapter in the NCERT Class 10 Science textbook. It is a part of Unit 5 – Natural Resources, which is expected to hold 07 marks weightage. The solutions provided here can prove quite helpful for last-minute revisions since they provide a quick summary of the types of questions that can be asked from this chapter. Our NCERT Solutions provide useful and relevant content to students studying NCERT textbooks.

The topics that are covered in this chapter include:

16.1 Why do we need to manage our resources? (4 Questions)

The topic teaches the importance of managing our resources carefully. It provides necessary information on how the resources should be managed for our future generation and present-day global concerns. It further explores ancient literature and the Vedic period.

16.2 Forests and Wildlife (2 Questions)

Forests are biodiversity hotspots. The topic discusses the importance of forests and wildlife elaborately, how they should be conserved and how we are dependent on various forest resources. It further highlights points related to government initiatives for wildlife and forest conservation.

16.3 Water for all ( 3 Questions)

Water is a basic necessity for all terrestrial forms of life. We studied in Class 9 about the importance of water as a resource, the water cycle and how human intervention results in pollution. However, human intervention also changes the availability of water in various regions. The topics further explain the importance of water harvesting and dams.

16.4 Coal and Petroleum

Coal and Petroleum are important sources of energy for us. The topic discusses how coal and petroleum were formed and how, by making some simple choices, we can make a difference in our energy consumption patterns.

16.5 Natural resource management

Sustainable management of natural resources is a difficult task. In addressing this issue, we need to keep an open mind with regard to the interests of various stakeholders. We need to accept that people will act in their own best interests as the priority.

• Post-Chapter Exercises (7 Questions)

There exists a need to sustainably manage the natural resources available on Earth (forests & wildlife, coal, petroleum, water, etc.) so that they are available for future generations. One important concept in the management of natural resources is the 3R principle, which stands for “Reduce, Reuse and Recycle”.

The authority which is responsible for the management of forests and the resources contained in them must keep in mind the interests of the various stakeholders. Water is another important natural resource which is vital to the survival of human beings. In order to efficiently conserve this precious resource, its wastage must be prevented at all costs.

Finally, non-renewable energy sources such as coal and petroleum are consumed on a huge scale by humans. These resources will eventually run out. Their combustion also leads to the liberation of many pollutants into the atmosphere. Therefore, their usage must be controlled.

Key Features of NCERT Class 10 Science Chapter 16 – Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

• Content delivered in an easy-to-learn format.
• NCERT Solutions are crafted in-house by highly qualified subject matter experts.
• Updated questions and solutions according to the latest prescribed syllabus.
• All multiple-choice questions have been answered with the reasoning/worksheet.
• Discover other additional resources like previous year’s question papers and sample papers.

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