Purdue Online Writing Lab College of Liberal Arts
Reference List: Other Print Sources
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APA (American Psychological Association) style is most commonly used to cite sources within the social sciences. This resource, revised according to the 6 th edition, second printing of the APA manual, offers examples for the general format of APA research papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the reference page. For more information, please consult the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association , (6 th ed., 2 nd printing).
Note: This page reflects APA 6, which is now out of date. It will remain online until 2021, but will not be updated. The equivalent APA 7 page can be found here .
An Entry in an Encyclopedia
Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The New Encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago, IL: Encyclopedia Britannica.
Work Discussed in a Secondary Source
List the source the work was discussed in:
Coltheart, M., Curtis, B., Atkins, P., & Haller, M. (1993). Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches. Psychological Review, 100 , 589-608.
NOTE: Give the secondary source in the references list; in the text, name the original work, and give a citation for the secondary source. For example, if Seidenberg and McClelland's work is cited in Coltheart et al. and you did not read the original work, list the Coltheart et al. reference in the References. In the text, use the following citation:
Dissertation Abstract
Yoshida, Y. (2001). Essays in urban transportation. Dissertation Abstracts International, 62 , 7741A.
Dissertation, Published
Lastname, F. N. (Year). Title of dissertation (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Name of database. (Accession or Order Number)
Dissertation, Unpublished
Lastname, F. N. (Year). Title of dissertation (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Name of Institution, Location.
Government Document
National Institute of Mental Health. (1990). Clinical training in serious mental illness (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
Report From a Private Organization
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with eating disorders (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Conference Proceedings
Schnase, J. L., & Cunnius, E. L. (Eds.). (1995). Proceedings from CSCL '95: The First International Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning . Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
IMAGES
VIDEO
COMMENTS
Director, D. D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of motion picture [Film]. Production company. Loyd, P. (Director)
Basic reference list format: Producer, P. P. (Producer), & Director, D. D. (Director). (Date of publication). Title of motion picture [Motion picture]. Country
List films by their title. Include the name of the director, the film studio or distributor, and the release year. If relevant, list performer names after the
Lastname, Firstname, dir. Title of Work. Season number, episode number, “Episode Title.” Aired Month day, year, on Network Name. URL. Film.
Cite your source automatically in APA. Website, Book, Journal article, Online video / film. Cite.
Cite your source automatically in APA. Website, Book, Journal article, Online video / film. Cite.
Cite your source automatically in MLA or APA format. Website, Book, Journal article, Online video / film. Cite.
In this section. Writing About Film: Terminology and Starting Prompts · Film Writing: Sample Analysis. Resources. Communication.
These OWL resources will help you learn how to use the American Psychological Association (APA) citation and format style. This section contains resources
Work Discussed in a Secondary Source. List the source the work was discussed in: Cite your source automatically in MLA or APA format.