research topics on women's issues

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40 Ideas for Women Issues and Gender Research Paper Topics

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• The history of gender
• The difference between sex and gender
• Women erased from history: who they were and what they did?
• Gender imbalance in China and India: the causes of it
• Stereotype gender roles: why did society need them and does it need them now?
• Sexual revolution and the concept of gender
• Can gender be changed during a person’s life?
• Intergender relations
• The development and goal of gender studies
• How many genders exist in humanity?
• The #MeeToo movement and its consequences
• Gender discrimination laws all over the world
• What is sexism and gender discrimination?
• Does the backwards discrimination exist?
• Expected gender traits: nature versus nurture
• The physiological differences and gender
• Gender transitioning
• Gender and family issues
• Gender and sexual harassment
• Sex, gender and leadership
• Gender and parenting
• Gender roles in media and literature
• Feminism movement
• Do men need to fight for their rights as feminist women do?
• Does sex still sell? Gender in advertising
• Gender and pornography. Fem-porn: does it exist?
• Gender and prostitution
• Cognitive differences between genders
• Typically male and typically female nonverbal communication
• Women and “glass ceiling”
• Maternity and paternity leaves. Are they equally important for the baby?
• Abortions, pregnancy and gender
• Internal misogyny and misandry: causes and ways to overcome
• Childfree movement and gender
• Sexual behaviour, marriage strategies and gender
• The toys segregation and sexual education: shall it still be different for boys and girls?
• Gender dysphoria
• Beauty standards and gender
• Gender and power: male and female bosses
• Sexual orientation and gender

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33 Best Women’s and Gender Studies Paper Topics

Gender equity is among the trending issues around the globe. This has been characterized by women empowerment movements in various countries and rules geared towards protecting women in multiple societies.

To do this, institutions have focused on studies on gender, thus empowering women to reduce their vulnerability. The regular changes bring about diverse gender paper topics, making it hard to settle for a specific idea for your thesis paper.

This article will suggest some gender issues topics for the research paper to boost your brainstorming efforts.

Women’s Gender Studies Paper Topics

Gender research paper topics.

• Factors that discourage parents from providing their daughters with a decent education in third world countries
• Discrimination against women in the workplace and how to overcome the bias
• A case study on the psychological implications of single parenting on women
• Differences in raising of a girl and boy child and the limitations of their societal expectations
• Evolution of movements against gender discrimination
• The role of marital partners in the well being
• Reasons as to why women are underrepresented in the upper tier of business management
• Do family roles in couples hold back the career progress of the wife?
• Why elections are biased towards male candidates: Steps to overcoming the bias
• Analyzing gender-based violence in various countries across the globe

Research topics in gender studies

• How to instill the culture of gender equity in children at a tender age
• The role of women in the development of the world economy
• Measures that you can take to protect women from gender violence in cities
• Women wage-gap across the globe and steps to bridge the gap
• Gender role stereotype: their relevance in early days and why their relevance in the modern society
• Development of gender studies and the impact of gender studies in women empowerment
• Maternity and paternity leave: Are both necessary? Are parenting roles defined for each gender?
• Is education a viable option for eliminating societal gender bias?
• Factors that contribute to gender inequality within developing countries
• Are women inferior to their male counterparts? Factors behind the stereotype and approaches to do away with this stereotype

Feminist research paper topics

• The role of environment in the mental growth and role assumption among women
• Masculinity vs. femininity: Does the societal view of each gender contribute to the overall gender bias?
• Role of mainstream media in eradicating gender bias in society
• Famous feminist literary works and their impact on the societal view of gender
• How to eliminate sexual exploitation among women in developed and developing countries
• Historical roots of male chauvinism and the effect on the feminist movement in Africa
• Role of African Women in society and steps to ensuring gender equality
• A case study on how social media is shaping the view of feminism
• Why feminism is viewed as men hatred in some societies
• The impact of little female representation on women political participation

Women’s studies research paper topics

• Reasons why women were barred from serving in the US military until 2013. Factors that led to the change.
• How women’s health and rights have been associated throughout history
• What factors made it easy for Japan to adopt equality laws compared to its European counterparts

How to choose a gender paper topic

When studying gender, the selection of a good topic is essential to have an easy writing process. When brainstorming a subject for your gender papers, you may follow the following tips:

• Formulate questions – after reading the thesis statement, formulate a question regarding the main idea encapsulated in the statement.
• Compile a keyword list – when formulating your topic, you may consider writing the keywords on the trending issues within the subject. Next, interconnect these keywords and determine how a single case can tackle your ideas.
• Check available information – before settling on a topic, check for the availability of materials to back your arguments. However, steer free of issues that have been over addressed as they may limit new ideas without plagiarizing existing work.

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100 Gender Research Topics For Academic Papers

Gender research topics are very popular across the world. Students in different academic disciplines are often asked to write papers and essays about these topics. Some of the disciplines that require learners to write about gender topics include:

Sociology Psychology Gender studies Business studies

When pursuing higher education in these disciplines, learners can choose what to write about from a wide range of gender issues topics. However, the wide range of issues that learners can research and write about when it comes to gender makes choosing what to write about difficult. Here is a list of the top 100 gender and sexuality topics that students can consider.

Controversial Gender Research Topics

Do you like the idea of writing about something controversial? If yes, this category has some of the best gender topics to write about. They touch on issues like gender stereotypes and issues that are generally associated with members of a specific gender. Here are some of the best controversial gender topics that you can write about.

• How human behavior is affected by gender misconceptions
• How are straight marriages influenced by gay marriages
• Explain the most common sex-role stereotypes
• What are the effects of workplace stereotypes?
• What issues affect modern feminism?
• How sexuality affects sex-role stereotyping
• How does the media break sex-role stereotypes
• Explain the dual approach to equality between women and men
• What are the most outdated sex-role stereotypes
• Are men better than women?
• How equal are men and women?
• How do politics and sexuality relate?
• How can films defy gender-based stereotypes
• What are the advantages of being a woman?
• What are the disadvantages of being a woman?
• What are the advantages of being a man?
• Discuss the disadvantages of being a woman
• Should governments legalize prostitution?
• Explain how sexual orientation came about?
• Women communicate better than men
• Women are the stronger sex
• Explain how the world can be made better for women
• Discuss the future gender norms
• How important are sex roles in society
• Discuss the transgender and feminism theory
• How does feminism help in the creation of alternative women’s culture?
• Gender stereotypes in education and science
• Discuss racial variations when it comes to gender-related attitudes
• Women are better leaders
• Men can’t survive without women

This category also has some of the best gender debate topics. However, learners should be keen to pick topics they are interested in. This will enable them to ensure that they enjoy the research and writing process.

Interesting Gender Inequality Topics

Gender-based inequality is witnessed almost every day. As such, most learners are conversant with gender inequality research paper topics. However, it’s crucial to pick topics that are devoid of discrimination of members of a specific gender. Here are examples of gender inequality essay topics.

• Sex discrimination aspects in schools
• How to identify inequality between sexes
• Sex discrimination causes
• The inferior role played by women in relationships
• Discuss sex differences in the education system
• How can gender discrimination be identified in sports?
• Can inequality issues between men and women be solved through education?
• Why are professional opportunities for women in sports limited?
• Why are there fewer women in leadership positions?
• Discuss gender inequality when it comes to work-family balance
• How does gender-based discrimination affect early childhood development?
• Can sex discrimination be reduced by technology?
• How can sex discrimination be identified in a marriage?
• Explain where sex discrimination originates from
• Discuss segregation and motherhood in labor markets
• Explain classroom sex discrimination
• How can inequality in American history be justified?
• Discuss different types of sex discrimination in modern society
• Discuss various factors that cause gender-based inequality
• Discuss inequality in human resource practices and processes
• Why is inequality between women and men so rampant in developing countries?
• How can governments bridge gender gaps between women and men?
• Work-home conflict is a sign of inequality between women and men
• Explain why women are less wealthy than men
• How can workplace gender-based inequality be addressed?

After choosing the gender inequality essay topics they like, students should research, brainstorm ideas, and come up with an outline before they start writing. This will ensure that their essays have engaging introductions and convincing bodies, as well as, strong conclusions.

Amazing Gender Roles Topics for Academic Papers and Essays

This category has ideas that slightly differ from gender equality topics. That’s because equality or lack of it can be measured by considering the representation of both genders in different roles. As such, some gender roles essay topics might not require tiresome and extensive research to write about. Nevertheless, learners should take time to gather the necessary information required to write about these topics. Here are some of the best gender topics for discussion when it comes to the roles played by men and women in society.

• Describe gender identity
• Describe how a women-dominated society would be
• Compare gender development theories
• How equally important are maternity and paternity levees for babies?
• How can gender-parity be achieved when it comes to parenting?
• Discuss the issues faced by modern feminism
• How do men differ from women emotionally?
• Discuss gender identity and sexual orientation
• Is investing in the education of girls beneficial?
• Explain the adoption of gender-role stereotyped behaviors
• Discuss games and toys for boys and girls
• Describe patriarchal attitudes in families
• Explain patriarchal stereotypes in family relationships
• What roles do women and men play in politics?
• Discuss sex equity and academic careers
• Compare military career opportunities for both genders
• Discuss the perception of women in the military
• Describe feminine traits
• Discus gender-related issues faced by women in gaming
• Men should play major roles in the welfare of their children
• Explain how the aging population affects the economic welfare of women?
• What has historically determined modern differences in gender roles?
• Does society need stereotyped gender roles?
• Does nature have a role to play in stereotyped gender roles?
• The development and adoption of gender roles

The list of gender essay topics that are based on the roles of each sex can be quite extensive. Nevertheless, students should be keen to pick interesting gender topics in this category.

Important Gender Issues Topics for Research Paper

If you want to write a paper or essay on an important gender issue, this category has the best ideas for you. Students can write about different issues that affect individuals of different genders. For instance, this category can include gender wage gap essay topics. Wage variation is a common issue that affects women in different countries. Some of the best gender research paper topics in this category include:

• Discuss gender mainstreaming purpose
• Discuss the issue of gender-based violence
• Why is the wage gap so common in most countries?
• How can society promote equality in opportunities for women and men in sports?
• Explain what it means to be transgender
• Discuss the best practices of gender-neutral management
• What is women’s empowerment?
• Discuss how human trafficking affects women
• How problematic is gender-blindness for women?
• What does the glass ceiling mean in management?
• Why are women at a higher risk of sexual exploitation and violence?
• Why is STEM uptake low among women?
• How does ideology affect the determination of relations between genders
• How are sporting women fighting for equality?
• Discuss sports, women, and media institutions
• How can cities be made safer for girls and women?
• Discuss international trends in the empowerment of women
• How do women contribute to the world economy?
• Explain how feminism on different social relations unites men and women as groups
• Explain how gender diversity influence scientific discovery and innovation

This category has some of the most interesting women’s and gender studies paper topics. However, most of them require extensive research to come up with hard facts and figures that will make academic papers or essays more interesting.

Students in high schools and colleges can pick what to write about from a wide range of gender studies research topics. However, some gender studies topics might not be ideal for some learners based on the given essay prompt. Therefore, make sure that you have understood what the educator wants you to write about before you pick a topic. Our experts can help you choose a good thesis topic . Choosing the right gender studies topics enables learners to answer the asked questions properly. This impresses educators to award them top grades.

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Research on Women's Health: Ready for the Future

Regine douthard.

1 Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Lori A. Whitten

2 Synergy Enterprises, Inc., North Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Janine Austin Clayton

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) was established in 1990. With the completion of the office's 30th anniversary year, we look back and recount some of the key events and overall zeitgeist that led to ORWH's formation, and how it became the focal point at the nation's primary biomedical research agency for coordinating research on science to improve the health of women. We discuss ORWH's mission and signature programs and the bold vision that drives the NIH-wide strategic, interdisciplinary, and collaborative approach to research on women's health and efforts to promote women in biomedical careers. Also discussed are several of the many scientific advances in research on the health of women, policy innovations and their effects, and career advancements made by women in medicine and related scientific fields. We also highlight key challenges for the health of women, the need to continue pushing for equity in biomedical research careers, and NIH's approach to addressing these problems to ensure progress for the next 30 years and beyond.

Introduction

In the 1970 s and 1980s, many became aware that women were not benefiting equally from the major advances in biomedical research and health care. One of the driving factors for this inequity was an astonishing lack of knowledge on conditions that are unique to or more prevalent among them. Society was changing rapidly, with the public demanding solutions to multiple inequities, chronic diseases, and emerging health problems. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) responded accordingly and grew in size, scope, and ambition. 1 Knowledge was also expanding, and as we learned more about human biology, fundamental sex differences in physiology not related to reproductive systems emerged. For example, research revealed that myocardial and vascular structure and function—and some important clinical outcomes ( e.g., the mortality rate after myocardial infarction)—differed between women and men. 2 In addition, studies documented more adverse drug reactions among women. 3 , 4

Despite the fact that women and men shared the top three causes of death (heart disease, cancer, and stroke), most knowledge on their etiology, progression, and treatment had been derived from all-male studies. 2 A vanguard of leaders at the U.S. Public Health Service established the Task Force on Women's Health Issues, and this group's report and recommendations charted a course for future research to remedy the inequity and improve the health of women. 5

Principal recommendations were the expansion of biomedical and biobehavioral research on conditions particularly affecting women of all ages and the development of guidelines to ensure adequate numbers of women in clinical trials of medications. 5 The Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues campaigned for implementing these recommendations, and one result of these efforts was the establishment of the NIH Office of Research on Women's Health (ORWH) in 1990. For more information on the history of the office's formation, see https://orwh.od.nih.gov/about/mission-history .

The landmark Report of the National Institutes of Health: Opportunities for Research on Women's Health (commonly referred to as the Hunt Valley report) in 1991 set out an agenda to address gaps in scientific knowledge about the health of women of all ages and to increase the use of research designs that would potentially identify sex and gender differences in outcomes. 2 Standing on the foundation that report helped build, we are now able to envision a world in which the biomedical research enterprise thoroughly integrates sex and gender influences across the life course, every woman receives evidence-based disease prevention and treatment tailored to her own needs and circumstances, and women in scientific careers reach their full potential.

That vision—set out in Advancing Science for the Health of Women: The Trans-NIH Strategic Plan for Women's Health Research 6 —is possible because there has been a congressionally mandated focal point for coordinating research on the health of women at NIH since ORWH was enshrined by statute in this role in the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 (Public Law 103–43, section 486). 7

ORWH's core areas of focus dovetail with NIH's mission to seek fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and apply that knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability. The 27 constituent NIH Institutes and Centers (ICs) address women's health in their respective scientific areas. Part of the NIH Office of the Director, ORWH plays a vital coordinating role, collaborating with ICs to ensure that interdisciplinary research on women's health is part of the scientific framework at NIH and throughout the biomedical community—as reflected in the Trans-NIH Strategic Plan for Women's Health Research . Throughout its three decades, ORWH has acted on its mission and worked with its IC partners to build signature programs that advance research on sex and gender, and support women as biomedical scientists ( Table 1 ).

National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women's Health Mission and Signature Programs

ORWH, Office of Research on Women's Health; NIH, National Institutes of Health.

ORWH's milestone 30th anniversary year caused us to reflect and focus on the future. This article will briefly review (1) a few of the many scientific advances in research on the health of women—some of which were highlighted at the ORWH 30th Anniversary Scientific Symposium (videocast available at https://videocast.nih.gov/watch=40060 ), (2) policy innovations and their effects, (3) the research career advancements made by women in science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM), and (4) prominent key challenges for the health of women and NIH's approaches to addressing them.

Thirty Years of Scientific Advances Result in Better Health for Women

Perhaps the most important advancement has been the paradigm shift in the way biomedical researchers conceptualize women's health, from a narrow focus on the reproductive system and maternity (women were viewed to be the same as men except for these functions) to a perspective that encompasses the health of the whole woman over the life course. ORWH has emphasized the life course perspective since its inception 2 and continues on this path in the Trans-NIH Strategic Plan for Women's Health Research .

ORWH champions the intentional integration of the multidimensional framework ( Fig. 1 ) in interdisciplinary multifactorial studies across the continuum of biomedical research to build a knowledge base for personalized medicine. 8–11 Achieving personalized medicine will be bolstered by the inclusion of sex and gender awareness in clinical care and the provision of evidence-based care tailored to every woman's needs, which requires embedding the concepts of sex and gender health into the educational curricula of all health professionals. 12

The multidimensional framework represents the intersection of multiple internal factors ( e.g., sex influences at genetic, molecular, cellular, and physiological levels) and external factors ( e.g., social determinants of health [including gender], behavior, and policies) that affect the health of women across the life course.

It is perhaps not surprising that major scientific advances stem from interdisciplinary research that applies the multidimensional framework. Such is the case with the second scientific accomplishment highlighted in this study: knowledge about the impact of environmental exposures on women of all ages. Exposures are conceptualized broadly and can include lifestyle factors (such as stress, local access to healthful food, substance use, and physical activity), as well as chemicals, radiation, infectious agents, and climate change. 13 Researchers now understand that across the life course, environmental exposures during windows of susceptibility contribute to the developmental origins of disease. 14 , 15

As early as the 1980s, scientists reported changes in human reproduction—such as declining sperm counts in males 16 and earlier puberty in females 17 —as well as deleterious genital and physical alterations among wildlife. 18–20 Since then, research has linked these changes to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs)—compounds that interfere with sex hormones' production and mechanisms of action. 21–24 EDCs warrant close attention because exposures to them are universal ( e.g., they are present in pesticides, plastics, and fuels). 21 In addition, scientists have established that environmental exposures can have transgenerational effects. 25

EDCs act at receptors, alter hormone synthesis, induce epigenetic changes, and disrupt hormone breakdown or clearance to have detrimental effects on health. Crucially, their effects depend on whether the exposure was before or after puberty. 26 It is important for researchers to pay special attention to the impacts of exposures to personal care, consumer, and occupation-related products—such as cosmetics, scented shampoos, hair sprays, lotions, and household deodorizers—which are affected by gender. For example, as alluded to earlier, the EDC compounds ( e.g., phthalates, parabens, and phenols) contained in these items have been linked with earlier pubertal timing—to a greater extent in girls than in boys, perhaps because of girls' greater use of these items. 27

Our colleagues at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) lead efforts to understand the complex effects of potential exposures, the influence of timing and sensitive periods across the life course, and a multitude of individual and contextual factors. NIEHS supports an approach that incorporates the exposome—the totality of environmental exposures experienced over the life course, the individual biological responses to them, and how those exposures affect health. 14 For more information on NIEHS's efforts to ensure that researchers explicitly incorporate sex and social determinants of health into investigations of individual susceptibility and to advance our understanding of exposure burdens and health disparities, see www.niehs.nih.gov/research/supported/exposure/hhear/index.cfm 28 Importantly, NIEHS and colleagues have outlined the intersectionality of climate change, gender, geography, and socioeconomic status and proposed policy directions to address their negative effects on women's health. 29

Great progress in our understanding, detection, and treatment of postpartum depression (PPD) is the third scientific advancement in research on the health of women featured in this study. When ORWH was founded in 1990, PPD was not yet officially recognized by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. (That would occur in 1994, with the publication of DSM-4.) 30 Many researchers, clinicians, and members of the public now understand that many women do experience the “baby blues,” a temporary bout of worry, sadness, and fatigue after delivery that resolves without intervention. 31

In contrast, PPD—experienced by about 13% of women with a recent live birth in the United States in 2018 32 —is an intense persistent sadness that can interfere with a woman's ability to care for herself and the baby, 33 last for up to 3 years in some women, 34 and elevate depressive symptoms up to 11 years after childbirth. 35 Worryingly, the rate of women with a depression diagnosis at delivery increased sevenfold between 2000 and 2015. 36 Moreover, PPD is most likely underdiagnosed (because women may be reluctant to report symptoms), which highlights the need to integrate mood disorder screening and treatment services into standard prenatal and postnatal care. 37 The National Child and Maternal Health Education Program, sponsored by our colleagues at the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, aims to increase awareness of mental health around the time of pregnancy through science-based information and resources.

Brexanolone, the first medication specifically for persistent postpartum mood disruption, was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2019. 38 Incorporating the multidimensional framework into research on women's mental health across the life course illuminated the risk factors for PPD—most notably, stress and adverse life events and subsequent neuroendocrine alterations and hormonal fluctuations—and then generated valuable knowledge about their underlying mechanisms. 39 Researchers identified sensitivity to the reproductive hormones estrogen and progesterone (rather than absolute levels), which modulate the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and dysfunction of GABA A receptors as contributing factors to PPD. 40 , 41

As a synthetic analog of allopregnanolone, brexanolone is thought to boost the ability of GABA A receptors to adapt, thereby improving symptoms. 41 , 42 Brexanolone is currently available as an injection for intravenous use in medical settings, offering effective and immediate relief from what can be a debilitating and potentially life-threatening mood disorder. 42 , 43 An oral version of brexanolone, zuranolone (SAGE-217), is in Phase III trials. 44 If shown to be safe and effective, this more accessible formulation might help many more women who experience PPD.

The fourth scientific advancement reflects a central tenet of NIH Innovative policies that change the way scientists conduct their investigations are crucial and potentially even more transformative than specific experimental findings. In 1986, NIH responded to the recommendation of the Public Health Service Task Force on Women's Health Issues to ensure adequate numbers of women in clinical trials by establishing a policy encouraging researchers to include women in studies. Subsequently, Congress passed the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 (Public Law 103–43), which requires NIH to ensure that women and minorities are included in all clinical research (unless there is a compelling scientific reason for exclusion) and that trials are designed and conducted in a way that permits an analysis of outcomes by sex/gender, race, and ethnicity. 7

The full history of NIH's efforts to ensure that women and underrepresented minorities are included in the clinical research it supports are detailed on the ORWH website. ( https://orwh.od.nih.gov/toolkit/recruitment/history and https://orwh.od.nih.gov/womens-health-research/clinical-research-trials/nih-inclusion-policies/including-women-and ) Although movement in this area has not always been straightforward, the following examples show that progress has been made and that NIH's policy on inclusion continues to adapt to public health needs.

In 2018, more than half (52.4%) of participants in NIH-supported clinical research were women. 45 However, we recognize that the need to expand inclusion in NIH-sponsored clinical trials continues. For example, women's inclusion in clinical trials lags behind that of men in some important areas, 46 such as clinical trials on cardiovascular conditions. 47 In alignment with the 21st Century Cures Act (Public Law 114–255), the inclusion of pregnant women and lactating women in clinical trials is currently a focus at NIH, led by our colleagues at NICHD and the Task Force on Research Specific to Pregnant Women and Lactating Women (PRGLAC). (See www.nichd.nih.gov/about/advisory/PRGLAC ) NIH's view is that our clinical enterprise should change to protect pregnant people and lactating people through research, not from research. 48

By the 2000s, NIH had seen steady progress in implementation of its inclusion policy, but the consideration of both female and male animals and cells in preclinical research had generally not advanced at the same pace. 49 As part of broader efforts to improve scientific rigor, transparency, and reproducibility, 50 , 51 NIH set out to address the lack of attention to sex as a biological variable (SABV) 7 years ago by announcing its intention to require applicants to report plans for including male and female cells and animals in preclinical investigations. 52

ORWH then led an extensive process of internal and external consultation 53 and an in-depth exploration of methods, experimental designs, and approaches for statistical analysis that consider the incorporation of male and female animals, cells, and tissues in preclinical research. 54 The SABV policy (NOT-OD-15-102) went into effect January 25, 2016, and since then, NIH has expected that “sex as a biological variable will be factored into research designs, analyses, and reporting in vertebrate animal and human studies.” 55 NIH subsequently provided additional guidance for researchers and grant reviewers to facilitate implementation of the SABV policy. 56 , 57

There has been progress in SABV implementation, as the omission of sex has decreased and investigators are increasingly using both females and males in preclinical research. 58 , 59 More NIH grant applicants are appropriately addressing sex in their proposals, and grant reviewers report increased acceptance of the SABV policy. 60 However, basic research and preclinical research continue to over-rely on male cells and animals, 58 , 61 and there has been minimal progress in the disaggregation, analysis, and reporting of data by sex. 62 A detailed summary of NIH's multipronged efforts to increase SABV implementation was published last year. 63 Among the most important efforts to advance SABV implementation is the development of online educational modules (discussed in “The Next 30 Years: Facing Challenges to Improve Health for Everyone” hereunder).

The fifth advancement during the past three decades is the increase in the proportion of women working in laboratories, medical schools, and academic research centers across the nation. Building the participation of women in medical and biomedical research careers has been a core mission area for ORWH since its inception and is part of larger efforts by the NIH Scientific Workforce Diversity Office. NIH is committed to diversity because we need the brightest minds to contribute to the biomedical research enterprise, regardless of background. Workforce diversity is also a best practice backed by research—as heterogenous interdisciplinary teams make better decisions and outperform homogenous ones, particularly when addressing complex problems. 64 , 65

When ORWH was established in 1990, about one-third of medical school graduates and faculty members were women. 66 Now about half (48%) of medical school graduates and about three-fifths (58%) of graduate students enrolled in biomedical doctoral programs are women. The overall proportion of full-time medical school faculty members who are women is now at 41%. 67 Data from NIH also show some progress for women at various stages of their careers ( Fig. 2 ). 68–70 This progress reflects concerted efforts by NIH to improve biomedical workforce diversity, 71 including those focused on promoting the careers of women. 72

(A) The representation of women in positions as NIH postdoctoral fellows and postdoctoral trainees increased between 1990 and 2020. (B) The percentage of women earning NIH research grants and R01-equivalent grants increased between 1998 and 2020. Data sources: National Institutes of Health. 68–70 NIH, National Institutes of Health.

The most seminal moment in all of ORWH'S decades-long work in this crucial area was the 2008 release of the request for applications (RFA) titled “Research on Causal Factors and Interventions that Promote and Support the Careers of Women in Biomedical and Behavioral Science and Engineering” (RFA-GM-09-012). 73 NIH's unprecedented investment of $16 million resulted in an explosion of evidence contributing to our understanding of how individuals make career choices, how workplaces may inadvertently impede advancement, the existing barriers, and effective interventions. The research resulted in >100 publications, but the most profound contribution was the identification of best practices in the recruitment, retention, and advancement of women in academic medicine—with the ultimate effect of accelerating change and progress. 74 NIH is taking an innovative approach to improving women's representation in leadership, described in the next section.

The Next 30 Years: Facing Challenges to Improve Health for Everyone

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to cause widespread illness and deaths (254,215,816 cases and 5,112,710 deaths worldwide and 47,272,975 cases and 765,127 deaths in the United States as of November 16, 2021, according to the Johns Hopkins COVID-19 Dashboard). The FDA approval of one vaccine and authorization of two other vaccines for emergency use have brought some hope, and 58.9% of the U.S. population was fully vaccinated as of November 16, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 75 Although COVID-19-related mortality seems to be lower for women, they have greater risk of exposure because of their overrepresentation among the frontline health care workforce and essential workers. 76 , 77

Much more research is needed to understand the effects of COVID-19 on all women. Specifically, rigorous research ( i.e., studies that are fully aligned with the NIH inclusion and SABV policies) is needed for all COVID-19-related areas ( e.g., immune responses, sex differences in risk profiles, mental health effects, vaccine efficacy, and novel therapeutics). Released in July 2020, the NIH-Wide Strategic Plan for COVID-19 Research outlines five strategic priorities for COVID-19 research and NIH's commitment to addressing the needs of health disparity populations and other vulnerable people—including research on COVID-19-related maternal health and pregnancy outcomes. 78

To complement the NIH-wide strategic plan and guide its COVID-19 response, ORWH developed Guiding Principles: Sex and gender influences in COVID-19 and the health of women . The principles promote rigorous research, advance health equity, and enhance the nation's response to the pandemic by laying out a systematic approach to incorporating sex and gender into research to inform and improve the health of women. 79 The document also addresses the disproportionate negative effects of the pandemic on the careers of women scientists, a topic that is discussed as follows. As in all research that includes both sexes, it is crucial to disaggregate data from COVID-19 studies by sex so they can be analyzed for potential differences. 80 A recent study found that although men have a higher COVID-19 mortality rate overall, black women had died at a higher rate than white men in Michigan and Georgia—illustrating the importance of disaggregating and analyzing data for sex, gender, and race interactions in COVID-19 outcomes. 81

Since the beginning of the pandemic, NIH has realized that reassignment to fight COVID-19 and restrictions on physical workspaces would have significant negative effects on the biomedical workforce. Sensitive to the notion that this situation would most likely have a greater effect on early-stage investigators (ESIs) and on scientists who are in populations that are underrepresented in medicine (URiM) 82 , 83 —including women scientists, who are disproportionately affected by additional caregiving and family responsibilities 84 —NIH objectively documented COVID-19's impact on the workforce through an online survey of extramural researchers in October 2020. 85 Some of those findings are shown in Figure 3 . NIH provides numerous flexibility options, offers an opportunity for scientists to apply for an extension of their ESI status because of COVID-19-related delays, and supports efforts to retain early-career biomedical investigators during critical life events (NOT-OD-20-054 and NOT-OD-20-055).

Reported effects of the COVID-19 pandemic among the NIH extramural scientific workforce: (A) lower productivity, (B) negative effect on career trajectory, and (C) more women than men with children under age 5 years saying caregiving made work completion more difficult. Data source: Bernard and Lauer. 85

The second major challenge to the health of women is the abysmal rates of maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States—the highest among wealthy nations 86 —and the marked racial disparities in these outcomes. In 2019, deaths from complications while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy numbered 754. 87 About 60% of maternal deaths are considered to be preventable. 88 Black women and American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) women have rates of maternal mortality that are about two to three times higher than those of white and Hispanic women. 89 Importantly, higher levels of education and income do not mitigate the risk for maternal deaths among black women. 89 , 90 A recent scoping review found that black mothers were particularly vulnerable to environmental exposures ( e.g., air pollution, ozone, and heat) that are exacerbated by climate change and their negative effects on pregnancy outcomes. 91

In addition, too many U.S. women—>50,000 annually and disproportionately black women—experience severe maternal morbidity ( e.g., requiring a transfusion, infection, or high blood pressure). 92 , 93 NIH has mounted a robust response to address the crisis—increasing research funding in this area from $334 million in fiscal year (FY) 2019 to $345 million in FY 2020—and makes information on these projects available to the public through the NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tools (RePORT) website. 94 See Table 2 for selected NIH initiatives to address the maternal morbidity and mortality crisis in the United States.

Selected National Institutes of Health Initiatives to Address High Rates of Maternal Morbidity and Mortality in the United States

IC, Institutes and Centers.

The third challenge covered in this study is the furtherance of some aspects of NIH's SABV policy—particularly the analysis and reporting of sex-specific results in scientific articles, which has lagged despite guidance in the literature. 54 , 80 , 95–98 A study that examined SABV implementation across nine biomedical disciplines found that in eight of the disciplines, there was no change in the proportion of studies that included data analyzed by sex. 59 Analysis and reporting by sex—whether significant differences are found or not—is crucial for seeing patterns of results, accurately interpreting data, and guiding the next steps in the research. 95

A lack of analysis and reporting by sex is a lack of transparency that perpetuates an incomplete and possibly inaccurate knowledge base, as aggregated data may mask important sex differences—such as variance in treatment response, toxicity, symptoms, and adverse effects. In addition, analysis and reporting of results by sex facilitates meta-analysis, helps avoid duplication, guides sample size calculations for future studies, 95 improves the design of clinical trials, informs sex- and gender-aware diagnosis and treatment, facilitates personalized medicine, and advances a system-based understanding of sex and gender influences on health and disease. 80 , 96

ORWH and its partners have developed several educational modules on the influences of sex and gender on health—with SABV as a linchpin concept—for researchers and practitioners. Through its e-learning program (found at bit.ly/ORWHeLearning ), ORWH offers free online tools to help researchers apply a sex-and-gender lens (including analyzing and reporting data by sex) to their work ( Table 3 ). These courses would greatly benefit researchers who serve on NIH study sections, scientific peer reviewers, and journal editors. 60 , 98 Because of the myriad influences of sex on health and the impact of gender on how individuals are treated in the health care system, we believe that SABV and information on sex and gender should be included as part of the standard training of physicians, nurses, and other practitioners to advance precision medicine. 99 , 100

Recently Expanded Free Online Learning Modules That Cover Sex as a Biological Variable

The final challenge highlighted in this study is the need to increase the number of women in leadership roles in STEMM fields in academia, particularly women who are in URiM racial and ethnic groups. Inclusive and diverse leadership in academic medicine—the central driver of medical education, biomedical research, scientific training, and clinical care—is a crucial component of spurring innovation, attracting top scientists, and maximizing return on taxpayer investment. 101 Data indicate that the academic medicine workforce pipeline is not the problem. 67 However, women still only represent 18% of department chairs and 18% of deans. 67 A 17-year longitudinal cohort study indicates that women are half as likely to hold senior leadership positions at medical schools, even after controlling for publication productivity. 102

Moreover, URiM women were only 13% of faculty in 2018, and it seems that progress has stalled, as the figure was 12% in 2009. In addition, the majority of URiM women work at the rank of assistant professor. Among the already small proportion of women chairs in basic science and clinical science departments, only 15% were from URiM groups in the 2018–2019 academic year. 67 ORWH continues to support innovative collaborative programs to advance women's participation in biomedical careers and foster their leadership opportunities ( Table 4 )—particularly addressing the barriers identified by research. 74

Examples of National Institutes of Health's Efforts and Leadership to Advance the Careers of Women in Biomedicine

Reasons for Optimism: Responsiveness, Collaborations, and Strategic Thinking

Although these challenges are significant, NIH can leverage collective ability, experience, and infrastructure to solve these problems. We have a clear way forward, as Advancing Science for the Health of Women: The Trans-NIH Strategic Plan for Women's Health Research provides a solid framework for advancing strategic goals and improving the health of women. And we understand that the value of NIH investments in women's health research goes beyond the individual to have a significant impact on society, as demonstrated in recent microsimulation analyses that found large returns from very small health improvements among women. 103

ORWH knows that it cannot do it alone. At the 5th Annual Vivian W. Pinn Symposium, ORWH explicitly focused on building a broad-based network of government, nonprofit, academic, and business organizations to integrate sex and gender into biomedical research. ORWH's strong collaborative partnerships—so crucial to the progress achieved in its first three decades—ensure that the office will meet pressing needs, rise to future challenges, and catalyze the scientific breakthroughs, resulting in optimal health for all women during the next 30 years and beyond. 6 , 104

Acknowledgments

The authors thank all speakers and panelists at the ORWH 30th Anniversary Scientific Symposium. Special thanks to Dr. John Balbus (NIEHS), Dr. Pauline M. Maki (University of Illinois at Chicago), and Dr. Shaheen Lakhan (Virginia Tech University and Carilion Clinic), who inspired the inclusion of some topics discussed in this article.

Authors' Contribution

R.D. and J.A.C. conceived the structure of the information presented and provided references. L.A.W. searched for supporting references and wrote the article with support from R.D. and J.A.C.

Author Disclosure Statement

No competing financial interests exist.

Funding Information

No funding has been received for this article. Dr. Whitten performed her work as part of an ORWH contract with Synergy Enterprises, Inc.

Gender equality in research: papers and projects by Highly Cited Researchers

Strategic Alliances and Engagement Manager

Empowering women and girls is a critical target of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this installment of our blog series about Highly Cited Researchers contributing to the UN SDGs, we focus on SDG 5: Gender Equality. We discuss the research that Highly Cited Researchers have published and the trends we’re seeing emerge.

Gender equality is a fundamental human right and yet women have just three quarters of the legal rights of men today. While the speed of progress differs across regions, laws, policies, budgets and institutions must all be strengthened on an international scale to grant women equal rights as men.

The socioeconomic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and high-profile policy changes like the overturning of Roe v. Wade have shown how much work needs to be done. The COVID-19 pandemic caused many women to leave the workforce and amplified challenges related to child and elder care, with women shouldering much of the burden. This can disproportionately affect girls’ educational prospects and, as is often the case in stressful environments and during times of crisis, puts women at increased risk of domestic violence .

While some high-profile issues related to women’s rights and safety make the news cycle, gender inequalities are firmly entrenched in every society, impacting the daily lives of women and girls in ways that are rarely reported on. As Kamala Harris, Vice President of the United States, once said , “from the economy to climate change to criminal justice reform to national security, all issues are women’s issues.”

Women’s issues are interconnected with all the SDGs, as we touched on in our recent post in this series, which explored the research centered around SDG 16: Peaceful, just and strong institutions . In that post we found that sexual, domestic and intimate partner abuse and violence against women are the most published topics related to SDG 16.

In this post, we look at Highly Cited Researchers who focus specifically on SDG 5 and issues of equality and gender .

What is SDG 5: Gender equality?

SDG 5: Gender Equality is intended to address the serious inequalities and threats faced by women around the globe. The targets related to this goal include:

• End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere.
• Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation.
• Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life.

There has been an increase in articles and reviews related to this SDG since the establishment of the SDGs in 2015. This trend graph from InCites Benchmarking & Analytics ™, using Web of Science Core Collection ™ data, shows growth from 86,000 papers in 2015 to 152,000 in 2021. That’s a 77% increase in six years.

Growth in academic papers related to SDG 5: Gender Equality

Source: Incites Benchmarking & Analytics. Dataset: articles and reviews related to SDG 5: Gender Equality published between 2015-2021.

The top ten countries publishing on SDG 5: Gender Equality during this period are shown below, with the U.S. producing roughly one third of all papers.

Countries producing the most papers related to SDG 5: Gender Equality

We explore these angles from research published between 2010 and 2020 in more detail, below.

Inequalities in the treatment of women during childbirth

Özge Tunçalp , a Highly Cited Researcher from the World Health Organization (WHO), wrote a systematic review in 2015 about the mistreatment of women globally during childbirth. This paper, coauthored with Johns Hopkins University, McGill University, University of Sao Paulo and PSI (a global nonprofit working in healthcare), has been cited more than 590 times to date in the Web of Science Core Collection. Tunçalp’s paper provides further information about the type and degree of mistreatment in childbirth, which supports the development of measurement tools, programs and interventions in this area.

Tunçalp authored another open access paper on this topic in 2019 , which followed women in four low-income and middle-income countries to study their experiences during childbirth. Unfortunately, more than one third of the women in the study experienced mistreatment during childbirth, a critical time in their lives, with younger and less educated women found to be most at risk. Beyond showing that mistreatment during childbirth exists, this study demonstrates the inequalities in how some women are treated in comparison to others, which informs the interventions needed.

“Our research showed that mistreatment during childbirth occurs across low-, middle- and high-income countries and good quality of care needs to be respectful as well as safe, no matter where you are in the world.” Dr Özge Tunçalp, World Health Organization

According to Dr. Tunçalp, “Women and families have a right to positive pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal experiences, supported by empowered health workers, majority of whom are women. Improving the experience of care throughout pregnancy and childbirth is essential to help increase the trust in facility-based care – as well as ensuring access to quality postnatal care following birth. Our research showed that mistreatment during childbirth occurs across low-, middle- and high-income countries and good quality of care needs to be respectful as well as safe, no matter where you are in the world. It was critical to ensure that these findings were translated into WHO global recommendations to inform country policy and programmes .”

Autism spectrum disorder and the gender bias in diagnosis

William Mandy, a Highly Cited Researcher in Psychiatry and Psychology, looks at gender differences related to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Mandy, from University College London, and his co-authors found that the male-to-female ratio of children with ASD is closer to 3:1, not the often assumed 4:1 . With an apparent gender bias in diagnosis, girls who meet the criteria for ASD are at risk of being misdiagnosed or not diagnosed at all. This can cause confusion and challenges with social interactions growing up, and can put women and girls at greater risk of traumatic experiences. Mandy et al’s paper has been cited more than 830 times to date.

“The reason for this diagnostic bias is that sex and gender influence how autism presents, such that the presentations of autistic girls and women often do not fit well with current conceptualisations of the condition, which were largely based on mainly male samples.” Dr William Mandy, University College London

When asked about the relevance of his research to the clinical community, Dr. Mandy said: “Clinicians have long held the suspicion that there is a diagnostic bias against autistic girls and women – that they are more likely to fly under the diagnostic radar. Our work (Loomes et al., 2017) has helped to provide systematic, empirical evidence that this bias does indeed exist, and to quantify its impact, in terms of how many autistic girls go undiagnosed.

The reason for this diagnostic bias is that sex and gender influence how autism presents, such that the presentations of autistic girls and women often do not fit well with current conceptualisations of the condition, which were largely based on mainly male samples. Therefore, to address the gender bias in autism diagnosis, we need an evidence-based understanding of the characteristics of autistic girls and women. Our study (Bargiela et al, 2016), in which we interviewed late-diagnosed autistic women about their lives, helps do this, revealing distinctive features of autistic women and of their experiences. This knowledge is shaping research and clinical practice.”

Going forward

The above papers are just a few examples of Highly Cited Researchers contributing to SDG 5-Gender Equality. Others focus on depression, Alzheimer’s Disease, cardiovascular disease and ovarian cancer. The fact that biomedical research featured so prominently in these results should not be a surprise. Gender bias has been identified in many areas of healthcare, including patient diagnosis , discrimination against health care workers , and low rates of women in clinical studies to name a few.

The Highly Cited Researchers working on gender equality within their respective fields, which also include social sciences, economics and other areas in addition to medicine, are helping to address the complex issues related to SDG 5. And what’s worthy of note is that many of the researchers mentioned here were named as Highly Cited Researchers in the cross-field category, which identifies researchers who have contributed to Highly Cited Papers across several different fields. This shows that a multifaceted and integrated approach to gender equality research may be playing a significant role in addressing this global issue.

Stay up to date

We discussed the SDG Publishers Compact in the first post in our series and then celebrated the Highly Cited Researchers in SDG 1: No Poverty and SDG 2: Zero Hunger. We then covered SDG 3: Good Health and Well-Being and SDG 4: Quality Education , and then jumped ahead to cover SDG 16: Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions . Alongside this, we also looked at Ukrainian research contributions to the UN Sustainable Development Goals, here , and published an Institute for Scientific Information (ISI)™Insights paper called, Climate change collaboration: Why we need an international approach to research .

In our next post, we will identify Highly Cited Researchers who are working to address SDG 6: Clean Water and Sanitation.

At Clarivate, sustainability is at the heart of everything we do, and this includes support of human rights, diversity and inclusion, and social justice. Read more about our commitment to driving sustainability worldwide, and see highlights from our 2021 Clarivate Sustainability Report .

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Top 10 gender research reads from 2021

• From CGIAR GENDER Platform
• Published on 18.02.22
• Impact Area Gender equality

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In our series of recommended reading lists, gender experts provide starting points for researchers, students, practitioners and others looking to dive deeper into research on gender and a wide variety of topics.

This time, we asked the CGIAR GENDER Platform team members to pick out their top gender research reads from 2021. Explore below for their selection of the most interesting, important and captivating publications released last year.

Top picks by Nicoline de Haan, CGIAR GENDER Platform Director

#1  rural youth in southern nigeria.

There are three clear reasons why  Rural Youth in Southern Nigeria: Fractured Lives and Ambitious Futures   by Crossouard et al. sticks in my mind. First, because it is about youth. We often talk about youth and their importance for the future, but I have not seen much research about rural youth. As the CGIAR GENDER Platform evolves, we will work more on youth issues, so it is important we have more theoretical thinking and evidence in this space. My second reason is linked to the article’s approach: years ago, I was in the field in Kenya with a PhD student doing research on how rural education was preparing youth for the future, and she found that the education system was not at all linked to the realities. This article looks at that issue as well. Finally, I picked this because it is about Nigeria, and having spent seven years of my career there, Nigeria always interests me. It was also good to see a CGIAR scientist involved in this research.

#2 Gender equality in climate policy and practice

Gender Equality in Climate Policy and Practice Hindered by Assumptions  by Lau et al. is one of those articles that should have been written a long time ago. It lays out the assumptions we are still dealing with in gender in agriculture research. For example, that women are caring and connected to the environment; that women are a homogenous and vulnerable group; that gender equality is a women’s issue; and that gender equality is a numbers game. The authors very nicely show how these assumptions hinder progress on climate change and how they can even be counterproductive. Now that this article is out there for the public, we can move on and really deal with the issues at hand!

Top picks by Marlene Elias, CGIAR GENDER Platform Alliances Module Lead

#3 gender expertise in environment and development.

This book,  Negotiating Gender Expertise in Environment and Development  by Resurrección and Elmhirst, is thoughtful and beautifully written. It brings together critical reflections from gender experts on their experiences working in environment and development organizations, including CGIAR. It takes an innovative format: a series of conversations between the co-editors and writers, Bernadette Resurrección and Rebecca Elmhirst, and gender experts who are working to place gender and social inclusion issues at the center of research and practice on sustainability and environmental management. These conversations surface the motivations, negotiations, achievements and daily struggles of these professionals as they navigate the complexities of all that is implied by working on gender in largely technical fields. Every chapter has a different flavor, but all will resonate with those of us working in this area; and make us nod our heads, sigh, laugh (or cry!) and better understand our profession and ourselves.

#4 Masculinities in forests

Colfer’s book,  Masculinities in Forests: Representations of Diversity , focuses on how masculinities relate to forest management, drawing on her experience working in different forest contexts, from the USA to Indonesia. It takes a timely dive into diverse masculinities and how these shape practices in forest management, all the while recognizing men’s agency in expressing different masculine identities. Aside from the rich content that is discussed, couched in an accessible framework and language, I appreciated that the book examines masculinities among professionals working in the field of forestry as well as among various forest communities. I was also very impressed by how Colfer was able to re-examine decades of ethnographic research through a new lens to write this book. Wow!

Top picks by Els Lecoutere, CGIAR GENDER Platform Science Officer

#5 diffusion and dilution.

Doss’  Diffusion and Dilution: The Power and Perils of Integrating Feminist Perspectives into Household Economics  is important to me is because it acknowledges the advances we have made in integrating feminist economic perspectives into mainstream economics, but also points out areas for improvement. It helps us to stay focused. Personally, I find the call for careful consideration of benefits versus potential harm, and proper training of enumerators when collection data about domestic and gender-based violence, extremely important. I sometimes feel we make the decision to collect data about domestic and gender-based violence too lightly. The article further opens the discussion about two other pet topics of mine: First, how can we better capture the complexity of households, including the web of power relations between different members, in which individuals make decisions? Second, how can we measure social norms and their importance for people’s capabilities and choices? How can these be changed and what are the effects?

#6 A review of evidence 

I keep going back to this brief,   A Review of Evidence on Gender Equality, Women’s Empowerment and Food Systems  by Njuki et al., mainly for its gendered food systems framework. The framework brings the different ways in which gender affects capabilities, choices and outcomes in food systems together. It provides a theoretical basis for various key questions in gender in agricultural and food system research and shows how this is supported by evidence. To me, its key contribution is the way it disentangles the different ‘entry points’ of gender constraints. Gender inequalities cannot only creep into biophysical, technological or economic drivers of food systems, shocks and vulnerabilities affecting these drivers can also affect men and women differently. Finally, the conceptualization of gendered food systems as systems underscores the dynamic, interdependent nature of the different elements and the need for a holistic approach to achieve gender equality in agriculture and food systems.

Top pick by Hazel Malapit and Elizabeth Bryan, CGIAR GENDER Platform Methods Module Co-leads

#7 advancing gender equality.

If you don’t have time to read the whole book, read the introduction.  Pyburn and van Eerdewijk’s introduction  to Advancing Gender Equality through Agricultural and Environmental Research excellently presents the topics discussed in the book, which features contributions from 55 CGIAR gender researchers. The book flips an often-posed question: instead of asking what gender equality can do for agricultural development, it asks how agricultural and environmental research can advance gender equality. One of the best overviews of gender research in CGIAR, the introductory chapter contextualizes CGIAR gender research within our organization’s struggles to address gender and within the broader thinking around gender and development. The introduction provides summaries of each chapter as well as information on the methodological and geographic breakdown of studies reviewed.

#8 Gender and agricultural economics

As gender researchers in the GCIAR are well aware, women and men in developing countries have different preferences and interests, and good policies and programs take these differences into account. But what about what researchers themselves bring to the table? This article,  How Women Saved Agricultural Economics , by Offutt and McCluskey, points out that women (and minorities) tend to be under-represented in economics positions in government and academia, and are not recognized for their achievements with awards and editorships due to both overt discrimination and implicit bias. Yet, the authors say, the diversity resulting from women’s increased presence in field has increased the relevance of the discipline over the last several decades. This research documents the importance of increasing representation in academic fields where women (and other minorities) are traditionally under-represented. While this study focuses on agricultural economics in the United States, it has prompted further analysis of how these patterns apply in other countries, such as India and Kenya, and within other institutions.

Top picks by Ranjitha Puskur, CGIAR GENDER Platform Evidence Module Lead

#9 food and agriculture systems.

Foresight studies on agriculture tend to not integrate social dimensions as these often do not render themselves to quantitative measurement. This article,  Food and Agriculture Systems Foresight Study: Implications for Gender, Poverty and Nutrition  by Lentz, is a rare review that argues for mainstreaming a gender, poverty and nutrition focus into foresight research. This would help ensure that we reduce the risk of entrenching gender inequalities and promoting technologies that exacerbate inequality, and that we are able to inform policy- and innovation-led pathways. Having dabbled in participatory foresight analysis using scenario planning, visioning and backcasting, this piqued my curiosity. The paper offers helpful insights into how and when to bundle or sequence interventions and the need to understand the effects of interventions on the whole agri-food system. It offers a very engaging and useful read, even for those who are unfamiliar with foresight methods.

#10 Gender and land ownership

The issue of women’s limited land ownership is sticky and has occupied central stage in debates and discourses for a while. Nowhere have we been able to make any significant progress in reducing the gender gaps in land ownership. Cheryl Doss (2018) questioned the myth of women owning less than one percent of land globally. This continues to be a complex issue, with the definition of “ownership” being only one of the tricky issues. Agarwal’s 2021 paper,  How Many and Which Women Own Land in India? , uses longitudinal data from the Village Level Studies (VLS), collected by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) from a set of Indian villages between 2009 and 2014, to look at which women are more likely to own land, why and how these patterns changed over the years. We at the CGIAR GENDER Platform have also been highlighting the need to focus more on unpacking intersectionalities to have better insights that can inform targeted solutions. This paper provides a very good example of the importance of intersectional approaches and it highlights the gap and the critical need for a national and state-level datasets.

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TOP 100 Gender Equality Essay Topics

Table of Contents

Need ideas for argumentative essay on gender inequality? We’ve got a bunch!

… But let’s start off with a brief intro.

What is gender equality?

Equality between the sexes is a huge part of basic human rights. It means that men and women have the same opportunities to fulfil their potential in all spheres of life.

Today, we still face inequality issues as there is a persistent gap in access to opportunities for men and women.

Women have less access to decision-making and higher education. They constantly face obstacles at the workplace and have greater safety risks. Maintaining equal rights for both sexes is critical for meeting a wide range of goals in global development.

Inequality between the sexes is an interesting area to study so high school, college, and university students are often assigned to write essays on gender topics.

In this article, we are going to discuss the key peculiarities of gender equality essay. Besides, we have created a list of the best essay topic ideas.

What is the specifics of gender equality essay?

Equality and inequality between the sexes are important historical and current social issues which impact the way students and their families live. They are common topics for college papers in psychology, sociology, gender studies.

When writing an essay on equality between the sexes, you need to argue for a strong point of view and support your argument with relevant evidence gathered from multiple sources.

But first, you’d need to choose a good topic which is neither too broad nor too narrow to research.

Research is crucial for the success of your essay because you should develop a strong argument based on an in-depth study of various scholarly sources.

Equality between sexes is a complex problem. You have to consider different aspects and controversial points of view on specific issues, show your ability to think critically, develop a strong thesis statement, and build a logical argument, which can make a great impression on your audience.

If you are looking for interesting gender equality essay topics, here you will find a great list of 100 topic ideas for writing essays and research papers on gender issues in contemporary society.

Should you find that some topics are too broad, feel free to narrow them down.

Powerful gender equality essay topics

Here are the top 25 hottest topics for your argumentative opinion paper on gender issues.

Whether you are searching for original creative ideas for gender equality in sports essay or need inspiration for gender equality in education essay, we’ve got you covered.

Use imagination and creativity to demonstrate your approach.

• Analyze gender-based violence in different countries
• Compare wage gap between the sexes in different countries
• Explain the purpose of gender mainstreaming
• Implications of sex differences in the human brain
• How can we teach boys and girls that they have equal rights?
• Discuss gender-neutral management practices
• Promotion of equal opportunities for men and women in sports
• What does it mean to be transgender?
• Discuss the empowerment of women
• Why is gender-blindness a problem for women?
• Why are girls at greater risk of sexual violence and exploitation?
• Women as victims of human trafficking
• Analyze the glass ceiling in management
• Impact of ideology in determining relations between sexes
• Obstacles that prevent girls from getting quality education in African countries
• Why are so few women in STEM?
• Major challenges women face at the workplace
• How do women in sport fight for equality?
• Women, sports, and media institutions
• Contribution of women in the development of the world economy
• Role of gender diversity in innovation and scientific discovery
• What can be done to make cities safer for women and girls?
• International trends in women’s empowerment
• Role of schools in teaching children behaviours considered appropriate for their sex
• Feminism on social relations uniting women and men as groups

Gender roles essay topics

We can measure the equality of men and women by looking at how both sexes are represented in a range of different roles. You don’t have to do extensive and tiresome research to come up with gender roles essay topics, as we have already done it for you.

Have a look at this short list of top-notch topic ideas .

• Are paternity and maternity leaves equally important for babies?
• Imagine women-dominated society and describe it
• Sex roles in contemporary western societies
• Compare theories of gender development
• Adoption of sex-role stereotyped behaviours
• What steps should be taken to achieve gender-parity in parenting?
• What is gender identity?
• Emotional differences between men and women
• Issues modern feminism faces
• Sexual orientation and gender identity
• Benefits of investing in girls’ education
• Patriarchal attitudes and stereotypes in family relationships
• Toys and games of girls and boys
• Roles of men and women in politics
• Compare career opportunities for both sexes in the military
• Women in the US military
• Academic careers and sex equity
• Should men play larger roles in childcare?
• Impact of an ageing population on women’s economic welfare
• Historical determinants of contemporary differences in sex roles
• Gender-related issues in gaming
• Culture and sex-role stereotypes in advertisements
• What are feminine traits?
• Sex role theory in sociology
• Causes of sex differences and similarities in behaviour

Gender inequality research paper topics

Examples of inequality can be found in the everyday life of different women in many countries across the globe. Our gender inequality research paper topics are devoted to different issues that display discrimination of women throughout the world.

Choose any topic you like, research it, brainstorm ideas, and create a detailed gender inequality essay outline before you start working on your first draft.

Start off with making a debatable thesis, then write an engaging introduction, convincing main body, and strong conclusion for gender inequality essay .

• Aspects of sex discrimination
• Main indications of inequality between the sexes
• Causes of sex discrimination
• Inferior role of women in the relationships
• Sex differences in education
• Can education solve issues of inequality between the sexes?
• Impact of discrimination on early childhood development
• Why do women have limited professional opportunities in sports?
• Gender discrimination in sports
• Lack of women having leadership roles
• Inequality between the sexes in work-family balance
• Top factors that impact inequality at a workplace
• What can governments do to close the gender gap at work?
• Sex discrimination in human resource processes and practices
• Gender inequality in work organizations
• Factors causing inequality between men and women in developing countries
• Work-home conflict as a symptom of inequality between men and women
• Why are mothers less wealthy than women without children?
• Forms of sex discrimination in a contemporary society
• Sex discrimination in the classroom
• Justification of inequality in American history
• Origins of sex discrimination
• Motherhood and segregation in labour markets
• Sex discrimination in marriage
• Can technology reduce sex discrimination?

Most controversial gender topics

Need a good controversial topic for gender stereotypes essay? Here are some popular debatable topics concerning various gender problems people face nowadays.

They are discussed in scientific studies, newspaper articles, and social media posts. If you choose any of them, you will need to perform in-depth research to prepare an impressive piece of writing.

• How do gender misconceptions impact behaviour?
• Most common outdated sex-role stereotypes
• How does gay marriage influence straight marriage?
• Explain the role of sexuality in sex-role stereotyping
• Role of media in breaking sex-role stereotypes
• Discuss the dual approach to equality between men and women
• Are women better than men or are they equal?
• Sex-role stereotypes at a workplace
• Racial variations in gender-related attitudes
• Role of feminism in creating the alternative culture for women
• Feminism and transgender theory
• Gender stereotypes in science and education
• Are sex roles important for society?
• Future of gender norms
• How can we make a better world for women?
• Are men the weaker sex?
• Beauty pageants and women’s empowerment
• Are women better communicators?
• What are the origins of sexual orientation?
• Should prostitution be legal?
• Pros and cons of being a feminist
• Advantages and disadvantages of being a woman
• Can movies defy gender stereotypes?
• Sexuality and politics

Feel free to use these powerful topic ideas for writing a good college-level gender equality essay or as a starting point for your study.

No time to do decent research and write your top-notch paper? No big deal! Choose any topic from our list and let a pro write the essay for you!

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Feminism Dissertation Topics – Choose The Best Topic For Your Dissertation

Published by Owen Ingram at January 2nd, 2023 , Revised On June 5, 2024

Feminism is a historical, social, and political movement founded by women to achieve gender equality and remove injustice. Feminism is an important topic that has been frequently debated in a male-dominated society since the nineteenth century. However, in recent years, the feminist voice has become louder, and feminist issues have grown in popularity.

An excellent feminist research topic is all you need to write a feminist dissertation. Feminism, in general, is a broad subject that examines the challenges women confront, such as sexual harassment, oppression, repression, stereotyping, sexual objectification, and other types of political and social oppression.

As the subject is vast, selecting a feminist topic for a dissertation or research paper is a difficult challenge. So, to assist you, we have compiled a list of relevant feminist research paper topics for your perusal.

You can also visit these links to get the best dissertation ideas for extensive research about   sexual harassment dissertation topics and human rights dissertation ideas .

Latest Dissertation Topics On Feminism

• How effective are trauma-informed approaches in addressing family violence?
• What impact does economic empowerment have on the dynamics and prevalence of violence against women?
• How do feminists view current criminal justice policies and practices?
• How do conversations around domestic abuse take into account intersectionality?
• What challenges may women in different industries overcome to assume leadership roles?
• How does media consumption affect body image?
• How do gendered expectations influence appearance management behaviours in college/university settings?
• How are college campuses addressing rape culture through institutional responses?
• How do feminist views influence mental health and suicide prevention?
• How does feminism impact women’s roles and dynamics within families, considering potential negative effects?

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Trending Topics on Feminist Issues

• Examine how the internet has transformed Feminism into a public source of mockery and praise.
• Investigate the theoretical conflict between gender and sex.
• Investigate the history of the #MeToo movement and the feminist victim challenge.
• Examine the views of several feminists who are still devout Muslims on Female Genital Mutilation.
• To make the feminist message, emphasise the feminist technique and means.
• According to five works of literature or important feminists/anti-feminists of your choosing, how does Feminism establish, dismantle, and reconstruct gender roles?
• Examine how feminists deal with societal injustice and violence.
• Investigate the employability of feminist women in the United States.
• What is the feminist critic’s stance on worldwide gender inequality?
• How modern beauty standards continue to limit what and who is considered beautiful online and offline.
• How the concept of beauty is also a radical social and political prejudice that denies women some basic rights.
• Examine gender disparity and equality in American politics.
• Investigate gender imbalance and equality in the UK government.
• Consider if religion, Feminism, and liberal morality can be reconciled.
• Examine the difficulties women confront in the face of violence in nations such as India and Pakistan.
• Examine feminist psychology about Middle Eastern women.
• Analyse the changing feminist thought in the academic and in the actual world.
• How governments use Feminism as a tool for social mobilisation, resulting in the demise of their culture.
• Modern beauty standards continue to limit what and who is considered beautiful online and offline.
• The concept of beauty is also a radical social and political prejudice that denies women some basic rights.

Feminist Project Topics

• The contrast between the gender roles of women and the Feminist role in society
• Examining the benefits and drawbacks of identifying as a feminist
• Compare the benefits of being a feminist in rich and developing countries.
• Examine the future of Feminism in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan. Examine the motivating elements of Feminism throughout history
• Highlight and explain how Feminism has contributed to increased rape education.
• Feminism and government assistance: How government assistance may put an end to all vices against women
• The careful examination of equity and equality in Feminism
• The modern world’s perspective on Feminism has shifted: debate
• Investigate the lives, times, and biographies of any male feminist.
• Justify the role of Middle Eastern women in the struggle for gender equality.
• Examine any European government’s activities in promoting feminist principles.
• Examine any Southern American government’s role in preserving women’s rights.
• Investigate the relationship between Feminism and lesbianism.
• Examine the link between Feminism and the increase of single women in America.
• Determine the relevance of the emergence of liberal ideals over conservative beliefs in promoting Feminism.
• Discuss how women in the United States military are still subjected to discrimination, sexual assault, and brutality.
• Discuss the methods for eliminating sexual assault and discrimination in the military of two nations of your choice.
• Analyse the role of women in your preferred UK election.
• Investigate the issue of gender equality in modern Britain.
• Provide an outline of the British monarchy and the restoration of female kings.
• Rebuild the Women’s Trade Union League’s fundamental ideals and principles.

Research Topics On Feminism

• Give some instances of modern feminist manifestos and what they have contained in feminist thought.
• What is Feminism’s detrimental impact on teens, and how has it created hatred towards men?
• What is the public’s take on women’s influence over celebrities in the face of the law in the aftermath of R Kelly’s imprisonment?
• Speak with a self-identified feminist and discuss their views on Feminism.
• Discuss the contentious topics surrounding Feminism and provide solutions to unsolved problems.
• Examine Mona Eataly’s writings and compare her feminist beliefs to those of other black feminists.
• Investigate what bold Feminism entails.
• Should unisex restrooms be permitted in pubs, restaurants, and hotels in a world fraught with sexual violence?
• Examine the prejudices experienced by transgender women and how the feminist movement might be a sort of stereotyped freedom.
• Investigate the wide varieties of Feminism and how hairstyles can also be used to make political statements.

Feminist Topic Ideas for Discussion

• Is Feminism only a historical residue of a modern need?
• Is it possible for a female president to arise in America or the United Kingdom because Taiwan’s president is female?
• What are your opinions on female authorities serving in various roles worldwide?
• What do you think about the absence of female political representation?
• How does a lack of political representation for women influence women’s political participation?
• Could religion be claimed to be a contributing element to women’s current plight?
• The internet has been a driving factor in the pursuit of equality.
• The feminist movement is just a platform for women to gain more power.
• How have environmental and feminist issues influenced national policies?
• Have other movements swallowed Feminism?

Women Empowerment Topics

• What role does the shift from cash to digital payrolls have in empowering women in poor countries?
• Why is there such a disparity between corporate attempts to execute women’s empowerment?
• Initiatives and corporate commitments to furthering equality?
• Talk about what everyone can do to help women in their neighbourhood.
• Why is workplace health such an important issue for women’s empowerment?
• Examine the numerous advantages of women’s empowerment.
• How has the UAE’s feminist movement empowered Arab women?
• Women’s political representation, politics, and decision-making.
• Discuss the role of feminists in promoting women’s empowerment.
• Women’s empowerment in Asian countries has increased during the previous two decades.

Informative Feminism Dissertation Topics

• Is it feasible to distinguish the three major waves of Feminism while defining a cohesive philosophy?
• Why is the premise that ‘if you believe men and women are equal, you’re a feminist’ insufficient in the Feminist movement’s third wave?
• Can Feminism forge a coherent movement amid the shattered environment of 21st-century Feminist thought?
• An assessment of the third wave’s inadequacy as the final progression of Feminist thinking, as well as how the next wave will be characterised.
• What are the difficulties that Intersectional Feminism has in disentangling oppressive systems from one another, and how can the movement negotiate this complication?
• A feminist assessment of the relationship between police violence and patriarchal society.
• Where is the boundary between defending an oppressed ecology and imposing oppressive ideals?
• Investigating the relationship between authoritarian right anti-environmental and anti-feminist political thought.
• Priority or Privilege? A critical examination of the Ecofeminist movement’s inability to address class problems and the consequences for its efficacy.
• How does Feminist thought in emerging environments vary from Western Feminist philosophy?
• A critical examination of how Western Feminism fails to meet the issues of global women.
• Is it feasible for Western philosophy to accurately reflect women living in the aftermath of colonial domination in a postcolonial society?
• Is promoting gender equality in emerging countries a moral obligation or an imperialist endeavour?
• Investigate the gender difference in the pursuit of independence for any country.
• A critical examination of the role of identity politics in social justice movements in the twenty-first century.

It is possible to contribute to an ever-growing and complicated field of study by writing a dissertation or capstone on feminist philosophy and critique. In view of the complexity of the underlying issue of ‘Feminism’, there are a number of feminist dissertation topics to consider.

Please contact us immediately if you need assistance writing your feminist dissertation. Our writers have years of experience researching, writing, proofreading, and editing dissertations on the greatest feminist research topics. Upon receiving your specifications, we will provide you with a high-quality, plagiarism-free research paper on time and within your budget.

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How to find feminism dissertation topics.

To find dissertation topics on feminism:

• Study feminist literature and theories.
• Analyse gender-related gaps or issues.
• Explore intersectionality with race, class, etc.
• Investigate historical and contemporary perspectives.
• Consider media, politics, and arts for feminist angles.
• Choose a topic resonating with your passion and research goals.

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Ten top issues for women's health

Dr flavia bustreo, assistant director general for family, women’s and children’s health through the life-course, world health organization.

We've come a long way since 1995--and it is time to celebrate women and their achievements. But it is also time to take stock of how women’s rights are fulfilled in the world --especially the right to health. Twenty years after countries signed pledges in the 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action, women still face many health problems and we must re-commit to addressing them.

Here are ten of the main issues regarding women's health that keep me awake at night:

Cancer : Two of the most common cancers affecting women are breast and cervical cancers. Detecting both these cancers early is key to keeping women alive and healthy. The latest global figures show that around half a million women die from cervical cancer and half a million from breast cancer each year. The vast majority of these deaths occur in low and middle income countries where screening, prevention and treatment are almost non-existent, and where vaccination against human papilloma virus needs to take hold. 

Reproductive health : Sexual and reproductive health problems are responsible for one third of health issues for women between the ages of 15 and 44 years. Unsafe sex is a major risk factor – particularly among women and girls in developing countries. This is why it is so important to get services to the 222 million women who aren’t getting the contraception services they need.

Maternal health : Many women are now benefitting from massive improvements in care during pregnancy and childbirth introduced in the last century. But those benefits do not extend everywhere and in 2013, almost 300 000 women died from complications in pregnancy and childbirth. Most of these deaths could have been prevented, had access to family planning and to some quite basic services been in place.

HIV : Three decades into the AIDS epidemic, it is young women who bear the brunt of new HIV infections. Too many young women still struggle to protect themselves against sexual transmission of HIV and to get the treatment they require. This also leaves them particularly vulnerable to tuberculosis - one of the leading causes of death in low-income countries of women 20–59 years.

Sexually transmitted infections : I’ve already mentioned the importance of protecting against HIV and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (the world’s most common STI). But it is also vital to do a better job of preventing and treating diseases like gonorrhoea, chlamydia and syphilis. Untreated syphilis is responsible for more than 200,000 stillbirths and early foetal deaths every year, and for the deaths of over 90 000 newborns.

Violence against women : Women can be subject to a range of different forms of violence, but physical and sexual violence – either by a partner or someone else – is particularly invidious. Today, one in three women under 50 has experienced physical and/or sexual violence by a partner, or non-partner sexual violence – violence which affects their physical and mental health in the short and long-term. It’s important for health workers to be alert to violence so they can help prevent it, as well as provide support to people who experience it.

Mental health : Evidence suggests that women are more prone than men to experience anxiety, depression, and somatic complaints – physical symptoms that cannot be explained medically. Depression is the most common mental health problem for women and suicide a leading cause of death for women under 60. Helping sensitise women to mental health issues, and giving them the confidence to seek assistance, is vital.

Noncommunicable diseases : In 2012, some 4.7 million women died from noncommunicable diseases before they reached the age of 70 —most of them in low- and middle-income countries. They died as a result of road traffic accidents, harmful use of tobacco, abuse of alcohol, drugs and substances, and obesity -- more than 50% of women are overweight in Europe and the Americas. Helping girls and women adopt healthy lifestyles early on is key to a long and healthy life.

Being young : Adolescent girls face a number of sexual and reproductive health challenges: STIs, HIV, and pregnancy. About 13 million adolescent girls (under 20) give birth every year. Complications from those pregnancies and childbirth are a leading cause of death for those young mothers. Many suffer the consequences of unsafe abortion.

Getting older : Having often worked in the home, older women may have fewer pensions and benefits, less access to health care and social services than their male counterparts. Combine the greater risk of poverty with other conditions of old age, like dementia, and older women also have a higher risk of abuse and generally, poor health.

When I lie awake thinking of women and their health globally, I remind myself: the world has made a lot of progress in recent years. We know more, and we are getting better at applying our knowledge. At providing young girls a good start in life.

And there has been an upsurge in high-level political will – evidenced most recently in the United Nations Secretary-General’s Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health. Use of services, especially those for sexual and reproductive health, has increased in some countries. Two important factors that influence women’s health – namely, school enrolment rates for girls and greater political participation of women - have risen in many parts of the world.

But we are not there yet. In 2015, in too many countries, “women’s empowerment” remains a pipedream - little more than a rhetorical flourish added to a politician’s speech. Too many women are still missing out on the opportunity to get educated, support themselves, and obtain the health services they need, when they need them.

That’s why WHO is working so hard to strengthen health systems and ensure that countries have robust financing systems and sufficient numbers of well-trained, motivated health workers. That’s why WHO, with UN and world partners, are coming together at the UN Commission on Status of Women from 9-20 March 2015 in New York. We will look again at pledges made in the 1995 Beijing Declaration and Platform of Action with a view to renewing the global effort to remove the inequalities that put decent health services beyond so many women’s reach.

And that is why WHO and its partners are developing a new global strategy for women’s, children’s and adolescents’ health, and working to enshrine the health of women in the post 2015 United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. This means not only setting targets and indicators, but catalysing commitments in terms of policy, financing and action, to ensure that the future will bring health to all women and girls – whoever they are, wherever they live.

Dr Flavia Bustreo

Former Assistant Director-General, Family, Women's and Children's Health WHO

138 Women’s Rights Research Questions and Essay Topics

🏆 best topics related to women’s rights, ⭐ simple & easy essay topics on women’s issues, 📌 most interesting research topics on women’s issues, 👍 good women’s rights research paper topics, ❓ research questions about women’s rights.

Women’s rights essays are an excellent way to learn about the situation of the female gender throughout the world and demonstrate your knowledge.

You can cover historical women’s rights essay topics, such as the evolution of girl child education in various countries and regions or the different waves of the feminism movement.

Alternatively, you can study more current topics, such as the status of women in Islam or the debate about whether women’s rights apply to transgender women.

In either case, there is a multitude of ideas that you can express and discuss in your paper to make it engaging and thought-provoking. However, you should not neglect the basic aspects of writing an essay, especially its structure and presentation.

The thesis statement is critical to your essay’s structure, as it has to be at the center of each point you make. It should state the overall message or question of your paper comprehensively but concisely at the same time.

Afterwards, every point you make should directly or indirectly support the claim or answer the question, and you should make the relationship explicit for better clarity.

It is good practice to make the thesis a single sentence that does not rely on context, being fully self-sufficient, but avoids being excessively long.

As such, writing a good thesis is a challenging task that requires care and practice. Do not be afraid to spend additional time writing the statement and refining it.

It is beneficial to have a framework of how you will arrange topics and formulate your points so that they flow into one another and support the central thesis before you begin writing.

The practice will help you arrange transitional words and make the essay more coherent and connected as opposed to being an assortment of loosely associated statements.

To that end, you should write an outline, which deserves a separate discussion. However, the basics are simple: write down all of the ideas you want to discuss, discard the worst or fold them into other, broader topics until you have a handful left, and organize those in a logical progression.

Here are some additional tips for your structuring process:

• Frame the ideas in your outline using self-explanatory and concise women’s rights essay titles. You can then use them to separate different points in your essay with titles that correspond to outline elements. The outline itself will effectively become a table of contents, saving you time if one is necessary.
• Try to keep the discussion of each topic self-contained, without much reference to other matters you discussed in the essay. If there is a significant relationship, you should devote a separate section to it.
• Do not forget to include an introduction and a conclusion in your paper. The introduction familiarizes the reader with the topic and ends with your thesis statement, setting the tone and direction of the essay. The conclusion sums up what you have written and adds some concluding remarks to finish. The introduction should not contain facts and examples beyond what is common knowledge in the field. The conclusion may not introduce new information beyond what has been stated in the essay.

You can find excellent women’s rights essay examples, useful samples, and more helpful tips on writing your essay at IvyPanda, so visit whenever you are having trouble or would like advice!

• What Causes Women’s Rights Violation? Most women have been abused in modern societies due to illiteracy and lack of exposure to their rights. Most developing nations are struggling to adopt democratic policies and forget that women deserve the right to […]
• Women’s Rights in the 21st Century: Education and Politics The lack of equity in the specified areas affect women’s lives on range of levels, depriving them of the opportunities that they are supposed to be entitled to and posing a tangible threat to the […]
• Women’s Rights and Gender Inequality in Saudi Arabia Indeed, it is crucial to understand the importance of women’s rights, see the connections between the past, the present, the local, and the global, and realize how political and media discourse represents the social issue […]
• Saudi Arabian Women’s Right to Drive: Pros and Cons The objective of this paper is to present the arguments from both sides of the discussion on the issue of whether women should be able to drive legally in Saudi Arabia.
• Women’s Rights in the Muslim World Ahmed first focuses on the gender pattern in the Middle East prior to the emergence of the Islam in order to gain ground to describe the Islamic doctrine on women that were practiced in the […]
• “Women’s Rights Are Human Rights” by Hillary Clinton Hillary Clinton’s speech about women’s rights effectively convinces her audience that women rights are an indispensable part of human rights through the use of logical argument, repetition, historical facts, and emotional stories.
• Utilitarian Permissive Concept for Women’s Right to Choose Abortion Utilitarians believe that the right to choose abortion should be protected under the law as a matter of justice since a woman should have the right to make decisions concerning her own body and health.
• Women’s Rights: Democratic Perceptions Therefore, it is proper to claim that women would not be able to exercise their rights and freedoms as frequently without the efforts of Democrats.
• Women’s Rights and the Advancement of Democracy The degree of citizen involvement in the political process, including the participation of various social groups in political parties and decision-making bodies, determines the quality of democracy in addition to the structure of current political […]
• Abortion and Women’s Right to Control Their Bodies However, the decision to ban abortions can be viewed as illegal, unethical, and contradicting the values of the 21st century. In such a way, the prohibition of abortion is a serious health concern leading to […]
• The Women’s Rights Movement and Indigenous People In this article, the author addresses the differences between the Euro-American and Native American societies and the role of women in them.
• The Texas Abortion Law: A Signal of War on Women’s Rights and Bodies The purpose of this paper is to examine the structure and implications of the Texas Abortion Law in order to demonstrate its flaws.
• Women’s Rights and Reform Impulses The reform impulses altered women’s place in society, making them equal to men in the ability to speak publicly, pursue their liberty, and attain their goals.
• The Evolution of Women’s Rights Through American History From the property-owning women of the late 18th century to the proponents of the women’s liberation in the 1960s, women always succeeded in using the influential political theories of their time to eventually make feminist […]
• Invisible Southern Black Women Leaders in the Civil Rights Movement Based on 36 personal interviews and multiple published and archived sources, the author demonstrates that black women in the South have played a prominent role in the struggle for their rights.
• Injustices Women Faced in Quest for Equal Rights The source Alice Paul depicts the numerous contributions that she and her fellow suffragists made to the new rights of women.
• Catharine Beecher and Women’s Rights Catharine Beecher’s “An Appeal to American Women” is a discussion kind of piece that considers the power of women in office and how the issue should be approached.
• The Aftermath of the Progression of Women’s Rights Period At the end of the 1800s and the beginning of 1900s, women’s organizations and women struggled for social reforms, to gain the right to vote, and for diverse political and economic equality.
• Lucy Parsons as a Women’s Rights Advocate and Her Beliefs She was a believer in anarchism and thought that it was the means to liberty and freedom. She wanted the constitution to be amended to say that men and women are equal in all aspects.
• Women in Islam: Some Rights, No Equality Notwithstanding the principles of equality of men and women in Islamic tradition, women’s low status should be attributed not to the ideals set in the Quran but to the cultural norms of the patriarchal society.
• Primary Source on Women’s Voting Rights The combination of statements that degrade the image of suffragettes and suffrage and quotes of leaders’ opinions is a way for the editor to influence the audience.
• Syrian Conflict and Women Rights: Way to Equality or Another Discrimination The main reason for a low percentage of women in the workforce is Syrian social norms, which stereotypically reflect the role of women in homes serving their husbands and in the private sector.
• Movement for Women’s Rights in Great Britain and the United States This essay analytically explores some of the conditions which helped bring about movement for women’s right in Great Britain and United States before the close of the last century. In addition, the most significant demand […]
• Shirin Ebadi’s Perspective on Women’s Human Rights Activism and Islam It is worth noting that Shirin Ebadi’s self-identity as an Iranian woman and a Muslim empowers her experience and perspective in women’s rights activism.
• Women in the Struggle for Civil Rights In other instants, women in the struggle for civil rights can also file a case in a court of law demanding the lawmakers to enact some policies of which they feel when passed will protect […]
• The Success of Women’s Rights Movement They sought the equal treatment of women and men by law and fought for voting rights. The women’s rights movement was successful because they were united, had a strong ideological foundation, and organized campaigns on […]
• Refugee Women and Their Human Rights According to the researches have been made by UNHCR, 1998, found that 80% of the refugees immigrating to the United States and other countries of second asylum are women or children.
• Women’s Rights Movement in the 19th Century In this paper, the peculiarities of women’s suffrage, its political and social background, and further reactions will be discussed to clarify the worth and impact of the chosen event.
• Advocating for Women’s Employment Rights in the UAE and Saudi Arabia The position of women in the societies of the UAE and Saudi Arabia is a cause for endless controversy. Public relations between women and men are limited in the given countries, and women are required […]
• Women Rights: New Data and Movements For example, whereas the women’s health rights movement is a global affair, the fact that events related to the movement are mainly held in the US means that other countries do not feel the impact […]
• Women’s Rights in Palestine and Neighboring Countries In a review of relevant literature, women’s rights in Palestine can be compared to women’s rights in three neighboring countries Jordan, Egypt, and Israel from the perspective of violence and discrimination, and specific differences, including […]
• Planned Parenthood and Women’s Rights It took decades for the government to acknowledge the necessity of the services offered in these clinics and even longer for the public to accept a woman’s right to reproductive health care, the establishment of […]
• Understanding Women’s Right in Islamic World The role of women in the Islamic society during and soon after the death of Prophet Mohammed was similar to that of men.
• Arab Spring’s Impact on Women’s Rights and Security The aim of the research is to define the effects that the Arab Spring has had on the perception of women in the Arab society.
• Women’s Rights Since Pre-History to 1600 A.D In this regard, most women from the medieval times could determine their social and political destiny, but the responsibility to others mainly rested on the men.
• Women’s Fight for Equal Human Rights According to the readings assigned, the term feminist could be used to refer to people who fought for the rights of women.
• Women in New France: Rights, Freedoms and Responsibilities However, the development of New France was quite distinct due to peculiarities of the gender roles in the North America and France.
• Women’s Family and Social Responsibilities and Rights The uniqueness of Addams and Sanger’s approach to discussing the rights of females is in the fact that these authors discuss any social responsibilities of women as the key to improving their roles in the […]
• Women’s Rights in the Great Depression Period The pursuit of the workplace equality and the protection of women from unfair treatment by the employers were quite unsuccessful and slow due to the major division in the opinions.
• Women’s Roles and Rights in the 18-19th Century America We can only do the simplest work; we cannot have a good job because that is the men’s domain, and they have the necessary training to do it.
• Debate Over Women’s Rights At times, the problem is that there is bias and discrimination about the strength of the woman and no chance has ever been given to them to prove if the allegation is wrong.
• The Women of the Veil: Gaining Rights and Freedoms The author chides the activities of the Western colonies in Afghanistan in restoring the rights of the women of the veil.
• The Role of African American Women in the Civil Right Movement The role of women in the Civil Rights Movement started to change in the 1960s. Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Trailblazers and Torchbearers.
• Hip-Hop Music and the Role of Women in It: Fight for Women’s Rights in Society While looking at the various roles of women in hip hop and rap, it is also important to note that the way women are presented has various effects on society.
• Gender Studies: Women’s Rights in Saudi Arabia This paper will review the a issue of women’s rights in Saudi Arabia from the perspective of four different groups including the modern Saudi women, traditional Saudi women, Government officials, and international women’s rights organizations.
• Foot Binding in China in Terms of Women’s Rights The practice of foot binding in China can be traced back to the Sung Dynasty that prevailed between 960-1280 AD, supposedly as an imitation of an imperial concubine who was required to perform a dance […]
• African-American Women and the Civil Rights Movement The key factors that left the Black women unrecognized or led to recognition of just a few of them as leaders are class, race and gender biases.
• Temperance, Women’s Rights, Education, Antislavery and Prison Reform: New Objectives, New Concerns Among the most memorable reforms of that time, the innovations in the system of treating the convicts and the prisoners must be the reform that reflected the very essence of the XIX-century social ideas.
• The Opportunity to Succeed as Women Entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia Compared With UK In addition, it is through the small businesses that new products and services are being developed to meet the growing needs of the population in the entire Kingdom.
• Women’s Rights – Contribution of E. Cady Stanton and S.B. Anthony The first significant and most important move was made by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, on the other hand, was born in a Quaker family and her father was also quite a successful […]
• Oppression of Women’s Rights Affects the Economy of the Middle East For instance in Iceland, the high level of quality of life and health is one of the factors that lead to a GDP per capita of $54,291 On the contrary, there are situations where women […]
• Reform-Women’s Rights and Slavery The colonizers felt that the movement was threatening their business and status in the society and began to ridicule and attack the families of the abolitionists.
• Women’s Role in Contemporary Korea The effort of women to work in professional and high positions in different sectors, the government decided to boost their effort and maintain their morale.
• Non Governmental Organization of Women’s Learning Partnership for Rights Development and Peace In most cases the rights of women which are mainly suppressed include the right to own property, the right to work or hold a public office, the right of receiving education, the right to vote […]
• The Development of Women’s Rights However, she cannot agree to such distribution of the roles, and she calls upon all people to look again at the situation, connected to women’s rights, and provide all women with a chance to participate […]
• Jane Cunningham Croly: Fighting for Women Rights The problem of women inequality with men had been considered in the society and Jane Cunningham Croly was one of those who wanted to contribute to the movement, and her journalistic activity was that measure.
• Women’s Suffrage Discussion The entrenchment of equal rights of women and men and more noticeably the right of every American woman to vote came into being after the enactment of the nineteenth amendment.
• Disclosing the Aspects of Female Authorship as Presented in Woolf’s Professions for Women and Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Right of Woman In their works called A Vindication of the Right of Woman and Professions of Women respectively, they express their vigorous desire to liberate women from the professional taboos to enter female authorship imposed by the […]
• Power of Women’s Rights How the Anti-Slavery Movement Challenge Established Notions of Manhood and Womanhood Kathryn Kish Sklar’s general idea in the book is to enlighten people on the role of women in the society during the 19th century, […]
• Afghan Women and Violation of Their Rights It is for this reason that the Taliban have been the party mostly blamed for the mistreatment of women in the country. The U.S.has the necessary resources to ensure that this is achieved therefore guaranteeing […]
• Did Flappers Have a Positive Effect on Women’s Rights in America in the 1920s?
• Abigail Adams’ Inspiring Rebellion for Women’s Rights
• The Power of the Internet and Women’s Rights in Guatemala
• Pencils and Bullets Women’s Rights in Afghanistan
• Women’s Rights in Supreme Court Decisions of the 1960’s and 1970’s
• Women’s Rights: A Path into the Society to Achieve Social Liberation
• The Taliban: Deprivers of Women’s Rights in Afghanistan
• Henrik Ibsen’s Description of Women’s Rights as Depicted in His Play, A Doll’s House
• Perceptions on The Islamic Practice of Veiling: Relevance to the Quest for Women’s Rights
• The Effects of Christianity on Women’s Rights in China
• Women’s Rights in the 1920’s and Examples in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby
• Pornography and Feminist Fight for Women’s Rights
• The Progression of Women’s Rights from the Early 20th Century
• Islamic Head Scarf: Women’s Rights and Cultural Sensibilities
• The Women’s Rights Movement in England: 18th Century and Beyond
• Comparing Cultures: the Development of Women’s Rights in China and Saudi Arabia
• Mary Wollstonecraft and the Early Women’s Rights Movement
• The Progression of Women’s Rights in the Middle East
• Elizabeth Stanton’s Impact on Women’s Rights Movement
• Women’s Rights in Latin America and the Caribbean
• Women’s Rights and Their Importance to the Development of True Democracy
• Women’s Rights Within A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini
• Every Woman Has Her Day: The Women’s Rights Movement in 19th Century
• Evolution of Women’s Rights Since 19th Century
• Integrating Equality – Globalization, Women’s Rights, Son Preference and Human Trafficking
• Analysis of the View of Opinions of Authors Advocating for Women’s Rights
• Abolition of Slavery is Conducive to Women’s Rights Movement
• Women’s Rights Violations in Afghanistan
• Feminism and Women’s Rights in Post Colonial Africa and France
• Social Justice in America: Women’s Rights
• Horace Walpole and Samuel Johnson, Champions of Women’s Rights
• Muslims Women’s Rights to Practice Their Religion
• Women’s Rights and Hills Like White Elephants
• Rhetorical Analysis of Hillary Clinton’s Speech, Women’s Rights Are Human Rights
• Euripides Support of Women’s Rights
• Women’s Rights in Afghanistan 1996 to the Present
• Women’s Rights & Their Impact on the Development of Iran
• Women’s Rights Between 1750 and 1914
• Exploring The Women’s Rights Movement With Good Man Is Hard to Find by Flannery O´Conner
• Progressive Era: The Era of Immigration, Race, and Women’s Rights
• Women’s Rights in the United States in the 1700s
• Which Countries Violate Women’s Rights?
• What Was the Aim of the Women’s Movement?
• How Did the Anti-Slavery Movement Contribute to the Women’s Rights Movement?
• Who Were the 4 Main Leaders of the Women’s Rights Movement?
• How Does Gender Inequality Affect Women’s Rights?
• Who Fought for Women’s Right to Work?
• What Was the Biggest Women’s Rights Movement?
• What Are the Colors for Women’s Rights?
• Why Women’s Rights Lost Ground at the End of World War Two?
• What Is the Role of Lesbians in the Women’s Movement?
• How Far Women’s Rights Have Come?
• What Laws Help Women’s Rights?
• How Were the Abolition and Women’s Rights Movements Similar?
• What Are the Most Important Events in Women’s Rights History?
• Who Is Responsible for Women’s Rights?
• What Is the History of Women’s Rights?
• What Were 3 Major Events in the Women’s Rights Movement?
• How Margaret Fuller and Fanny Fern Used Writing as a Weapon for Women’s Rights?
• How Did Race Impact African American Women’s Experiences During the Women’s Suffrage Movement?
• What Was the Cause of the First Woman’s Rights Convention?
• Why Is Education Important for Women’s Rights?
• How Are Women’s Rights Linked to Economic Development?
• When Did the Women’s Rights Movement Start and End?
• Why Did the Women’s Rights Movement Emerge in the USA During the 1950S and 1960S?
• What Are Women’s Cultural Rights?
• Who Was the First Black Women’s Rights Activist?
• When Was the First Female Vote?
• What Was the Movement for Women’s Rights in the 1800S?
• Who Was the Black Woman Who Fought for Women’s Rights?
• Who Was the Biggest Women’s Rights Activist?
• Civil Rights Movement Questions
• Gender Inequality Research Topics
• Women’s Suffrage Essay Ideas
• Childbirth Titles
• Gender Discrimination Research Topics
• Motherhood Ideas
• Personal Identity Paper Topics
• Reproductive Health Essay Titles
• Chicago (A-D)
• Chicago (N-B)

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380 Powerful Women’s Rights & Feminism Topics [2024]

Are you looking for perfect feminist topics? Then you’ve come to the right place. With our help, you can be sure to craft a great essay. Here, you can find feminist topics for discussion, feminism research topics and other ideas and questions for students.

Some people think all feminists hate men. It couldn’t be further from the truth! Feminists are people of all genders who believe that they are socially and politically equal. Thanks to their achievements, women’s rights around the world are progressing.

If you want to contribute to the discussion, this article has what you need. Here, our custom writing experts compiled:

• Creative feminism topics for your paper,
• Tips to help you pick the perfect topic.

Let’s dive right in!

🔝 Top 10 Feminism Essay Topics

• ✅ How to Choose a Topic

⚖️ Top 10 Women’s Rights Essay Topics

🔬 top 10 feminism research topics.

• 📜 Women’s Rights History Topics
• 💪👩 Feminism Topics
• 📚 Feminist Theory
• 👩‍💻 Women Empowerment
• 👩‍🎓 Women’s Studies
• 🏥 Abortion Topics
• 🙅‍♀️ Domestic Violence

🔍 References

• The 4 waves of feminism
• Liberal vs. radical feminism
• What is feminist psychology?
• Feminist views on trans rights
• Why ecofeminism is important
• How has feminism changed culture?
• Feminism interactions with socialism
• The effects of liberal feminism on the society
• Civil rights movement’s influence on feminism
• The main proponents of feminist standpoint theory

✅ How to Choose a Feminism Topic

Picking the right topic is a crucial first step for any assignment. Check out these tips for a little starting help:

• Formulate your topic as a question , such as “What makes Alice Schwarzer a controversial feminist figure?” This trick will help you clearly determine what your essay will be about.
• Compile a keyword list . Once you have a general idea of what you want to work on, think of related words and phrases. For example, if our area of interest is “ Feminism in America , ” some of our keywords might be women’s suffrage movement , Fifteenth Amendment, birth control . You can use them to outline your research.
• A concept map can be a helpful brainstorming tool to organize your ideas. Put your area of interest (for instance, women empowerment ) in a circle in the middle. Write all related concepts around it, and connect them with lines.
• Stay clear from overused themes . Writing on popular subjects might be tempting. But can you offer a unique perspective on the issue? Choose such topics only if your answer is “yes.”
• Make sure there is enough information available . Sure, an essay on the role of women in 17th century Tongan culture sounds exciting. Unfortunately, finding good sources on this topic might prove difficult. You can refer to subjects of this kind if you’re researching a thesis or a dissertation.

Now you’re ready to find your perfect topic. Keep reading and let one of our exciting suggestions inspire you.

• Gender bias in driving
• Girls’ education in Afghanistan
• Women’s political rights in Syria
• Women’s land ownership rights
• Overincarceration of women in the US
• Resettlement of women refugees: risks
• Abortion rights in conservative countries
• Reproductive rights and HIV among women
• Honor killings as women’s rights violation
• Access to cervical cancer prevention for women of color
• Gender equity vs. gender equality
• Adverse effects of child marriage
• #Metoo movement’s impact on society
• Environmental crisis as a feminist issue
• The importance of women’s education
• Is gender equality a social justice issue?
• Why is teen pregnancy dangerous?
• How can gender biases be lessened?
• Ethics of artificial reproductive technologies
• Legacy of women’s suffrage movement

📜 History of Women’s Rights Topics

The history of women’s rights in America is long and full of struggles. The US is still far from having achieved complete equality. And in many developing countries, the situation is even worse. If you’re interested in the feminist movements and activists who paved the way thus far, this section is for you.

• The role of women in the first American settlements.
• Why weren’t women allowed to serve in combat positions in the US army until 2013?
• What happened at the Seneca Falls Convention?
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Women’s Suffrage in America.
• Discuss the impact of Sojourner Truth’s Ain’t I a Woman? speech.
• Explore gender equality in 20th century Britain.
• Trace the timeline of events that led to the 19th amendment.
• Why was the invention of the pill a milestone in the fight for equal rights?
• The legacy of Amelia Earhart.
• What was The Bitch Manifesto ?
• Outline the history of women in American politics.
• The role of women in the Civil Rights Movement.
• How did the Comstock Laws affect the struggle for women’s rights?
• How did Ruth Bader Ginsburg fight against gender discrimination in the US?
• In what ways did the introduction of Islamic law improve women’s rights in Arabia?
• Artemisia Gentileschi: forerunner of feminism.
• In 2016, the first female president was nominated by a major US party. Why did it take so long?
• Explore the origins of witch trials in Europe.
• What did Molly Dewson achieve?
• The history of women’s rights in Russia vs. England.
• How did WWI influence the fight for equal rights
• What were the goals of the Women’s Trade Union League?
• The effects of the Equal Pay Act.

• Study the connection between women’s health and rights throughout history.
• When did women receive the right to own property in America? Why was it important?
• Debate the role of women in history of theater.
• In the past, Russia was one of the first European countries to introduce women’s suffrage. In 2016, it decriminalized domestic violence. What led to this change?
• Women in the workforce: the long road towards workplace equality .
• Minna Canth: the history of women’s rights activism in Finland.
• Who were “The Famous Five”?
• Why was Japan quicker to enact equality laws than its European counterparts?
• The role and visibility of women writers in the 19th century.
• What problems did the National Organization for Women face?
• Discuss the foundation and impact of the Redstockings. Did they reflect the general attitude of women towards liberation at the time?
• Who or what was responsible for the failure of the ERA?
• The role of women in Ancient Greek communities.
• Alice Paul and the Silent Sentinels: how did they contribute to establishing the right to vote for women?
• Why was Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique critical to the progress of feminism in the 20th century?
• The presidential candidacy of Victoria Woodhull.
• What was the purpose of the Hull House? How did it advance women’s rights?
• Why did Elizabeth Cady Stanton oppose the Fifteenth Amendment?
• Lucy Stone’s influence on the abolitionist and women’s rights movements.
• Discuss the significance of literature for the success of the suffragist movement in America.
• Slavery: compare women’s and men’s narratives.
• How Frances Ellen Watkins Harper’s speeches and poetry changed the world.
• Emmeline Pankhurst as the central figure of the UK’s suffragette movement.
• Why did it take so long for suffragette movements around the globe to gain traction?
• From a historical perspective, why weren’t women’s rights the same as human rights?
• Trace the development of women liberation in Morocco.
• Investigate the founding of women’s day.

👩👍 Feminism Topics to Research

Feminism is a global phenomenon. That’s why it’s not surprising that the term has many definitions. What to consider sexism? What can we do about it? How important is the concept of gender? Those are central questions feminists around the world seek to answer. Feminism’s areas of study include politics, sociology, and economics.

• Compare feminist issues on a global scale.
• What distinguishes radical feminists from liberal ones?
• Black feminism: is it a separate movement?
• When does “being a gentleman” become sexist?
• Is feminism always anti-racist?
• What do we need gender concepts for?
• Feminism oppression in Islamic countries.
• How do gender stereotypes form in children?
• Why are societies around the globe still struggling to achieve full equality?
• The effects of gender-oriented politics.
• Can men be feminists? (Consider Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s We Should All Be Feminists )
• How did the patriarchy develop?
• Would a matriarchal society be more peaceful than a patriarchal one? Draw your conclusions from real-life examples.
• Compare and contrast Judith Butler and Alice Schwarzer.
• Effectiveness of provocative methods in feminism.
• What’s the problem with unisex bathrooms in restaurants and bars?
• Discuss the prejudice transgender people face. What should we do about it?
• Why are reproductive rights a crucial issue on the way to equality?
• Describe various types of feminism.
• How can hairstyle function as a political statement?
• Which feminist movements are most prevalent in Asia?
• Trace the history of feminist ethics.
• What’s the “pink tax,” and why should it be abolished?
• Discuss Audre Lorde’s feminism.
• How does feminist research methodology influence education?
• Sexism in advertising: why is it still a problem?
• What are the goals of Girls Who Code?
• The role of literacy politics in achieving gender equality.
• Stay at home moms: are they a step back on the feminist agenda?
• Explore the origins of color-coding pink and blue as girl and boy colors, respectively.
• Are beauty pageants harmful to women’s positive body image?
• The problem of ableism in intersectional feminist movements.
• What is identity politics, and why is it important?
• New Zealand’s Prime Minister, Jacinda Ardern, recently introduced her new cabinet. Of the 20 people who serve in it, eight are women, five Maori, three belong to the minority Pasifika, and three are queer. Is it what all future cabinets should strive for?
• What makes racism a feminist issue?
• Describe how objectification works and why it is harmful.
• A history of women inventors who didn’t get credit for their innovations.
• Female circumcision as an example of women’s oppression disguised as a cultural tradition.
• The infantilization of women: origins and effects.

• Define how feminism influences science.
• How does one avoid gender bias when raising a child?
• What popular ideas about feminism are myths?
• Gender inequality in politics of India and Iran.
• What is the definition of ecofeminism? Describe its merits.
• How do men benefit from feminism?
• Why do we need gender equality in language?
• Problems of reconciling religion and the LGBTQ community.
• More and more fitness clubs introduce “women’s hours.” Some bars are only open for women. They claim to do this to create safe spaces. What’s your position on this development?
• Anti-feminism: is it a movement for the far-right?
• The impact of #metoo on work culture.

📚 Feminist Theory Topics to Look Into

Feminist theory criticizes how culture perpetuates misogyny. The best way to look at it is to divide feminism into three waves:

• First-wave feminism (the late 1700s – early 1900s). It includes the women’s suffrage movement.
• Second-wave feminism (the 1960s – ’70s.) Key points are equal working conditions and feminist political activism.
• Third-wave feminism (1990s – today). It encompasses not only women but all marginalized groups.

Take a look at culture from a feminist perspective with our topics:

• Discuss the concept of feminism in Barbie Doll by Marge Piercy.
• Explain the success of Gillian Armstrong’s Little Women.
• What inequalities between men and women does Mary Wollstonecraft mention in A Vindication of the Rights of Women ?
• Masculinity and femininity in William Somerset Maugham’s Of Human Bondage.
• An existentialist view: how Simone de Beauvoir influenced the feminist discourse.
• The role of women in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah.
• Discuss the power dynamics between men and women in the Terminator series.
• How does rap music perpetuate traditional concepts of masculinity?
• Daisy’s character in The Great Gatsby through a feminist lens.
• Write about the depiction of women and the patriarchy in Mad Men.
• What distinguishes the third wave of feminism from the other two?
• Women’s history and media in Susan Douglas’ Where the Girls Are .
• What is the goal of gynocriticism?
• Possibilities of sisterhood in Hulu’s TV show A Handmaid’s Tale .
• Sylvia Plath’s The Bell Jar : where does Esther Greenwood see her place in society?
• Early feminist perspectives in Virginia Woolf’s A Room of One’s Own.
• Compare and contrast how the characters in Mulan react to the protagonist as a woman vs. a man.
• Life stages of women in Alfonso Cuarón’s Roma .
• Why were feminists unhappy about Prado’s exhibition Uninvited Guests ?
• Sexuality and society in Céline Sciamma’s Portrait of a Lady on Fire .
• Gender expectations in The Little Mermaid .
• Feminist concepts and issues in Netflix’s Thirteen Reasons Why .
• Challenging traditional femininity: independence and rebellion in Thelma and Louise.
• The target audience of Mad Max: Fury Road is stated as male. Yet, the central character of the film Furiosa is a strong rebel woman. Does this make it a feminist movie?
• Persepolis : what it means to grow up as a liberal woman in Iran.
• Blockbuster movies have an enormous reach. Does it obligate them to support feminist issues?
• Marjorie Liu’s Monstress : what does it tell us about feminism?
• The Berlin Film Festival announced that they would no longer crown the best actor and actress. Instead, they honor the best performance in either a leading or supporting role. What are the consequences of this?
• What does it mean to criticize an art piece from a feminist point of view?
• Compare and contrast the portrayal of female characters in horror genre throughout the years.
• Analyze Donna Haraway’s A Cyborg Manifesto . Why does the author use the cyborg metaphor? What arguments does it help bring across?
• How do black women characters in Toni Morrison’s novels experience society?
• What makes various awards an important instrument of feminism?
• Analyze Katniss Everdeen archetype in Hunger Games.
• Many classic children’s stories include outdated depictions of women and people of color. Because of this, some people are demanding to ban or censor them. Do you think this is the right way to tackle the problem?
• What does the term “male gaze” mean, and why is it a problem?
• The role of the body in feminist aesthetics.
• Discuss the impact of women philosophers on renowned male scholars of their time.
• What distinguishes feminist art from other art forms?
• Debate the political dimension of using women in body art.
• Does the message in Lemonade make Beyoncé a feminist icon?
• Why are misogynist song lyrics still widely accepted?
• How did Aretha Franklin’s music impact the Civil Rights Movement in America?
• Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray from a queer theoretical perspective.
• Objectification in film: analyzing Rachel’s character in The Dark Knight.
• Investigate the Star Wars’ representation problem. How did the franchise develop into a battleground for diversity?
• Misogynist vs. psycho: feminist aspects of David Fincher’s Gone Girl.
• Was the diversity in Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse a good thing?
• The cultural significance of strong female characters.
• Examine the concept of femininity in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies.

👩‍💻 Women Empowerment Topics to Write About

Women were excluded from crucial work areas such as the military and politics for a long time. This situation is changing now. Empowerment programs encourage women to seek professions in typically male-dominated areas. Do you want to research ways of increasing women’s control over their choices? Check out the following topics:

• Joan of Arc as a leadership idol.
• The role of She Should Run in encouraging women to run for political positions.
• What should we do about higher education barriers for African American women?
• Examine current trends in female empowerment.
• Importance of the women’s empowerment principles.

• How can businesses use the Gender Gap Analysis Tool to promote equality in their companies?
• Why is there such a big gap between committing to advancing equality and corporate efforts to implement women’s empowerment programs?
• What business practices need to change so that men and women benefit from work programs equally?
• Analyse the reasons behind poor body image among young women.
• How does the transition from cash to digital payrolls help empower women in developing countries?
• What challenges do large companies face when it comes to gender equality?
• How does making fashion a circular economy impact women?
• Discuss what everyone can do to empower the women in their community.
• Why is it important to demand fair pay?
• The impact of Reese Witherspoon’s media company Hello Sunshine.
• What does it mean to be empowered?
• The influence of climate change on gender equality.
• Women in leadership positions: the rhetoric and the reality.
• Social stigma and family planning: the work of HER project in Kenya.
• CARE: why providing women with access to clean water is crucial for empowerment.
• How do you teach a girl that she can make a difference?
• Achievements of the global Women Deliver Conferences.
• How does Pro-Mujer help underprivileged women in Latin America?
• Why is workplace health a particular concern for women empowerment?
• What can businesses do to bridge the financial inclusion gender gap?
• Debate how strengthening women’s social position helps fight discrimination against all kinds of marginalized groups.
• Analyze the various benefits of women empowerment.
• Fighting gender stereotypes in the 21st century.
• The connection between a lack of women in politics and missing programs to support marginalized groups.
• What are patriarchal taboos that keep women from seeking power?
• How can a gender perspective on resilience activities assist businesses in finding ways to combat climate change?
• What methods does the #WithHer movement use to raise awareness of violence against women?
• The Spotlight Initiative: training sex workers to escape violence in Haiti.
• Define the gender digital divide.
• What’s the problem with the female gendering of AI assistants?
• Criticize the Gender Empowerment Measure.
• What role does the internet play in empowering girls?
• Compare the Gender Parity Index in the US and South Africa.
• How is Every Mother Counts working to decrease deaths related to pregnancies?
• Debate the reliability of the Gender Development Index.
• Child Marriage: the impact of Girls Not Brides.
• What are the political and social constraints that hamper women’s empowerment in Nigeria?
• How can you encourage women to give public speeches?
• How does e-learning help women worldwide gain independence?
• Explore the influence of the women’s rights movement on anti-descrimination activities.
• Challenges of women business in Mauritius.
• Labibah Hashim as an inspirational figure for women empowerment in Lebanon.
• How did Malaka Saad’s magazine al-Jens al-Latif inspire women to educate themselves in the Arab world?
• The development of sexual harassment policies in East Africa.
• How does microfinance in South America help women to start businesses?

👩‍🎓 Interesting Women’s Studies Topics for an Essay

Women’s or gender studies is an interdisciplinary science. It combines research from many fields, such as economics, psychology, and the natural sciences. Key aspects are women’s experiences and cultural as well as social constructs surrounding gender.

• What is velvet rope discrimination?
• The IT sphere is comparatively modern. Why does it still have such a gender gap problem?
• Is paid maternity/paternity leave a fundamental right for workers?
• How do we break the glass ceiling in today’s society?
• Discussing social taboos: postnatal depression.
• Women in religion: why shouldn’t women be priestesses?
• The queer of color critique: history and theory.
• Should feminists be against supporting care policies?
• Does foreign aid benefit women entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa?
• Gender bias in criminal justice.
• What does legalized prostitution mean for sex workers?
• Does “stealthing” make otherwise consensual sex nonconsensual? Should this practice have legal consequences?
• The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks : a gendered analysis.
• Rojava: give an overview of the egalitarian feminist society.
• The role of women in modern nation-building processes.
• How do we include transgender athletes into sex-segregated competitive sports?
• Discuss the significance of gender in the euthanasia debate.
• Chivalry and capital punishment : why are women who commit murders less likely to be sentenced to death?
• Why do men have less confidence in women’s abilities than in men’s?
• Are hijabs always a symbol of oppression?
• Write about the role of feminism in international relations.
• Universal basic income: changing perspectives for women.
• Gamergate: what does it tell us about some men’s view on the video game industry?
• Discuss the social construction of gender roles.
• What is benevolent sexism, and why is it a problem?
• The military seems to be especially notorious when it comes to discriminating against LGBT people. Where might this originate from?
• Many army officers don’t hide that they don’t want women to serve. Why do women still do it? Why should they?
• The Eurovision Song Contest gave drag queen Conchita Wurst an enormous audience. How did she use this opportunity?
• Why are men who wear typically female clothing stigmatized?
• How have The Guerilla Girls shaped the art world in the past 30 years?
• Healthcare: what challenges do transgender patients face?
• Femme invisibility: discrimination inside the LGBT community.
• How did the idea develop that gay men and lesbians have to act and look a certain way to be considered queer?
• The history of sodomy laws in the US.
• “The Squad” as an example of the current success of left-wing women in politics.
• Should women use their attractiveness to get what they want?
• Are the careers of women scientists more affected by turmoil than those of their male counterparts?

• Do children’s toys restrict gender criteria?
• Many drugs are only tested on male subjects. How does this affect women?
• Enumerate some qualities that are seen as positive in men and negative in women. Why do you think this happens?
• Discuss the significance of the “Transgender Tipping Point.”
• The meaning of “home” and home spaces for women over the centuries.
• How do gender issues influence lawmaking?
• Analyze queer narratives from post-soviet states. How do gender norms in these countries differ from those in your community?
• Transgender representation in media: views of Viviane Namaste and Julia Serano.
• Nuclear power between politics and culture: a feminist perspective.
• Women guards in national socialist concentration camps.
• What reasons do women have for sex tourism?
• The problem of eurocentrism in European education.
• Explore the connection between citizenship and race.

🏥 Abortion Topics to Research

For some, abortion is a fundamental healthcare right. Others view it as a criminal act. Many conservative governments continue to restrict the access to this procedure. Because of this discrepancy, abortion remains a fiercely debated topic all around the globe. Consider one of these thought-provoking ideas:

• Why was Roe v. Wade such a landmark decision?
• Discuss why some CEOs step up against abortion bans .
• Abortion in transgender and intersex people.
• From a biological point of view, when does life begin?
• What signs should indicate that it is too late to terminate the pregnancy?
• Who influenced the abortion debate before Roe v. Wade?
• Is abortion morally wrong? If so, does that mean it’s always impermissible?
• Under what circumstances is terminating a life justified?
• Who or what defines if a being has the right to life or not?
• Analyse the access to abortion clinics as a policy issue.
• Reproductive rights and medical access in Sub-Saharan Africa.
• People terminate pregnancies, whether it’s illegal or not. Why would one still outlaw abortions?
• Investigate the occurrence of forced abortions during China’s one-child policy .
• Is the fetus’ right to life more important than the mother’s right to have control over her body?
• What rights are more essential than the right to life?
• Discuss women’s health as their integral right.
• Should there be restrictions on abortions?
• Can better access to contraceptives reduce the number of abortions?
• At what point does a fetus become a human being?
• Is selective abortion ethical? 
• Germany’s paragraph 219a prohibits the display of information on abortion services. In 2019, the government decided to revise it, and now patients can consult a list provided by the department for health education. Is this compromise enough?
• What is the moral status of a human embryo?
• Should pregnancy terminations be free for low-income women?
• Is the criminalization of abortion discrimination?
• The social and psychological impact of pregnancy terminations on families.
• Should the man have a say in whether the woman has an abortion or not?
• What non-religious persuasive arguments against abortion are there?
• Are there good and bad reasons for ending a pregnancy?
• Should it be required for teenagers to have their parents’ consent for the abortion procedure?
• Examine the arguments of pro-life movement.
• Analyze how the public’s attitude towards abortion has changed over the past 50 years.
• Is withholding access to abortions a violation of human rights? 
• After week-long strikes, the Polish government has delayed its proposed abortion ban. Is this a victory for the local feminist movement?
• Compare and contrast the various legal abortion methods.
• Analyze A Defense of Abortion by Judith Jarvis Thomson.
• How is abortion viewed in Eastern vs. Western countries?
• Describe potential health issues surrounding late-term pregnancy terminations.
• How can we prevent unsafe abortions ?
• What complications can occur during the abortion process?
• Debate the impact of the March for Life.
• Discuss whether women should have an abortion if diagnostics show fetal abnirmalities.
• What does Planned Parenthood do, and why is the organization important?
• Should Helms Amendment be repealed?
• How does the Hyde Amendment impact women of color in particular?
• Is forcing a woman to carry out an undesired pregnancy morally permissible?
• Mexican newspaper coverage on issues surrounding abortions.
• What are the possible health consequences of an abortion?
• Reproductive justice and women of color: the history of SisterSong.
• Compare organizations that offer information on abortions.
• How is the topic of abortion approached in Jason Reitman’s film Juno ?

🙅‍♀️ Domestic Violence Topics for a Paper

Domestic violence comes in many shapes, and it’s not always directed against women. It traumatizes not only the victim but the whole family. The long-term impacts on the victims are catastrophic, too. If you want to write a research paper on this topic, be sure to steel yourself before starting your reading.

• How did the COVID-19 lockdowns influence domestic violence cases?
• Domestic violence in closed religious communities.
• Does the type of abuse differ if the perpetrator is a man or a woman?
• Compare the problem of spousal abuse in the US, Asia, and Africa.
• Why do many victims choose not to report their cases of domestic violence?
• From a psychological perspective, why does domestic violence happen?
• Domestic violence prevention: the role of parental communication.
• Should a person with a history of abuse have custody over their child?
• Why are men more likely to resort to violence than women?
• Identify risk factors that can lead to elder abuse.
• Trace how the frequency of reports on domestic violence has changed in your community over the past 30 years.

• Why do some victims choose to stay with their abusive partners?
• What actions would you classify as domestic abuse?
• Domestic violence and feminism in Bell Hooks’ theory.
• Cultural perspectives on domestic violence: Saudi Arabia vs. Japan.
• What do different religions say about IPV?
• If a victim kills its abuser to escape the violence, what legal consequences should they face?
• Examine the legislature of different states concerning marital rape .
• The social and legal concept of consent in marriage.
• Domestic violence and integrity among women of color.
• Abuse in teenage relationships.
• Common psychological characteristics of a person who commits parricide.
• Effects of emotional neglect on a child’s mental development .
• Discuss the effectiveness of art therapy for victims of domestic violence.
• The significance of Oregon v. Rideout.
• Explore the link between spousal and animal abuse.
• What is the Battered Woman Syndrome?
• Analyze different forms of domestic violence using case studies.
• Study the psychology behind victim blaming.
• How do mental illnesses and domestic violence affect each other?
• What are the signs of coercive control? How can one get out of it?
• The problem of control in gay relationships.
• How does one develop Stockholm Syndrome, and what does it entail?
• Analyze the discourse surrounding domestic violence in Hong Kong.
• The pseudo-family as a sociological concept.
• Compare cases of domestic violence in military and religious families.
• What is compassionate homicide, and how does the law deal with it?
• If a juvenile delinquent was abused as a child, should that lessen their sentence?
• Parental abduction: why do parents feel the need to kidnap their children?
• Domestic violence: new solutions.
• Is one sibling bullying the other a form of domestic abuse?
• How do communities typically respond to domestic violence?
• Explore the link between women’s suicide and abuse.
• What can healthcare specialists do to identify victims of violence more effectively?
• What are the economic and social consequences of leaving an abusive relationship
• How does Netflix’s show You portray the relationship between a stalker and his victim?
• Treatment of perpetrators of domestic violence.
• Why do some people repeatedly end up in relationships with IPV?
• What are the main motives for femicides?
• Discuss the psychological aggression men and women suffer during separation processes.

With all these great ideas in mind, you’re ready to ace your assignment. Good luck!

Further reading:

• 560 Unique Controversial Topics & Tips for a Great Essay
• 480 Sociology Questions & Topics with Bonus Tips
• 182 Free Ideas for Argumentative or Persuasive Essay Topics
• A List of 450 Powerful Social Issues Essay Topics
• 147 Social Studies Topics for Your Research Project
• 255 Unique Essay Topics for College Students [Update]
• 229 Good Dissertation Topics and Thesis Ideas for Ph.D. & Masters
• 150 Argumentative Research Paper Topics [Upd.]
• Feminism: Encyclopedia Britannica
• Picking a Topic: University of Michigan-Flint
• Women’s History Milestones: History.com
• Women Rising: Women’s Activism That Has Shaped the World as You Know It: UN Women
• Topics in Feminism: The University of Sydney
• Four Waves of Feminism: Pacific University
• Feminist Philosophy: Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Women’s Empowerment: BSR
• Women Empowerment: United Nations Populations Fund
• Women’s & Gender Studies Research Network: SSRN
• Gender Studies: UCLA
• Key Facts on Abortion: Amnesty.org
• Abortion Ethics: NIH
• New Perspectives on Domestic Violence: Frontiers
• Domestic Violence against Women: Mayo Clinic
• What Is Domestic Abuse?: United Nations
• Feminist Research: SAGE Publications Inc
• Topic Guide: Feminism: Broward College
• Facts and Figures: Economic Empowerment: UN Women
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Women’s History Research Paper Topics

In this comprehensive guide on women’s history research paper topics , we delve into the rich and diverse realm of women’s history, offering a plethora of intriguing and thought-provoking research paper ideas for history students. Women’s history is an essential field of study that sheds light on the often overlooked contributions, struggles, and triumphs of women throughout the ages. This page is specifically curated to cater to students who seek inspiration and guidance in selecting compelling research paper topics related to women’s history.

100 Women’s History Research Paper Topics

Women’s history is a captivating and multifaceted field that encompasses a wide array of historical periods, cultures, and themes. From ancient civilizations to the modern era, women have played pivotal roles in shaping societies, challenging norms, and leaving a lasting impact on various spheres of life. This comprehensive list of women’s history research paper topics aims to inspire history students to delve into the fascinating narratives of women’s experiences, contributions, and struggles throughout history.

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Women in Ancient Civilizations

• Women in Ancient Egypt: Unraveling the Lives of Queens, Priestesses, and Commoners
• The Powerful Women of Ancient Mesopotamia: Enheduanna, Queen Puabi, and More
• The Role of Women in Ancient Greece: From Spartan Mothers to Intellectuals like Hypatia
• The Complex Lives of Roman Women: Noblewomen, Slaves, and Gladiators
• Women in Ancient India: The Queens of Maurya and Gupta Dynasties
• Indigenous Women in Pre-Colonial America: Leaders, Healers, and Keepers of Traditions
• Female Pharaohs of Ancient Egypt: Hatshepsut and Cleopatra
• Sappho of Lesbos: Exploring the Life and Poetry of a Greek Poetess
• Goddesses in Ancient Mythology: A Comparative Study of Athena, Isis, and Lakshmi
• Women’s Influence in Ancient China: Empresses, Scholars, and Concubines

Women in Medieval and Renaissance Times

• Medieval Queens and Empresses: Eleanor of Aquitaine, Isabella of Castile, and More
• Chivalry and Courtly Love: The Impact on Medieval Noblewomen’s Lives
• Nuns and Religious Women in the Middle Ages: Their Role and Contributions
• The Troubadours and Trobairitz: Exploring the Works of Medieval Women Poets
• Renaissance Women Artists: Sofonisba Anguissola, Artemisia Gentileschi, and Others
• The Witch Hunts: Examining the Persecution of Women in Medieval and Early Modern Europe
• Female Pirates and Privateers: Anne Bonny, Mary Read, and the Women of the High Seas
• The Role of Women in Medieval Trade and Commerce: Merchants, Craftswomen, and Guild Members
• Female Intellectuals in Renaissance Italy: Laura Cereta, Isotta Nogarola, and Cassandra Fedele
• Women and Medicine in the Middle Ages: Herbalists, Midwives, and Healers

Women in the Age of Enlightenment and Revolution

• The Enlightenment Thinkers and Their Influence on Women’s Rights: Mary Wollstonecraft, Olympe de Gouges, and Others
• Women in the French Revolution: Activists, Revolutionaries, and Counter-Revolutionaries
• Abolitionist Women: The Role of Women in the Fight against Slavery
• The Suffragettes and the Fight for Women’s Voting Rights: The Pioneers of Women’s Suffrage
• The Grimke Sisters: Abolitionists and Advocates for Women’s Rights
• Female Journalists and Writers in the Nineteenth Century: Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Ida B. Wells, and More
• Women and the Industrial Revolution: The Impact on Working-Class Women’s Lives
• The Role of Women in the American Civil War: Nurses, Spies, and Soldiers
• Suffrage Movements in Other Countries: Examining Women’s Voting Rights in Different Nations
• Women’s Contributions to the Transcendentalist Movement: Margaret Fuller, Lydia Maria Child, and Others

Women in the Progressive Era and World War I

• Women’s Suffrage Victory: Analyzing the Nineteenth Amendment and Its Aftermath
• The Women’s Trade Union League: Labor Activism and Women’s Rights
• Women’s Involvement in the Temperance Movement: Prohibitionists and Suffragists
• Harlem Renaissance Women Writers: Zora Neale Hurston, Nella Larsen, and Others
• Women in the Progressive Education Movement: Maria Montessori, Jane Addams, and More
• Women in the Silent Film Era: Actresses, Directors, and Screenwriters
• The Impact of World War I on Women: The Role of Nurses, Munition Workers, and Volunteers
• Female Espionage in World War I: Mata Hari and Other Spies
• Women’s Peace Movements: The Hague International Congress of Women and Beyond
• The Rise of Birth Control Advocacy: Margaret Sanger and the Birth Control Movement

Women in the Interwar Period and World War II

• The Impact of the Roaring Twenties on Women’s Lives: Flappers, Fashion, and Freedom
• Women in the Harlem Renaissance: Art, Activism, and Identity
• Women in the Great Depression: Struggles, Resilience, and the New Deal Programs
• Female Aviators: Amelia Earhart and Other Pioneers in Aviation
• Women’s Sports in the Interwar Period: The Rise of Athletes like Babe Didrikson Zaharias
• Women in the Civil Rights Movement: Rosa Parks, Ella Baker, and the Fight for Equality
• The Hollywood Studio System and Women: Actresses, Directors, and the Gender Pay Gap
• Women in the Spanish Civil War: The Role of Nurses, Fighters, and International Volunteers
• Female Artists of the Surrealist Movement: Frida Kahlo, Leonora Carrington, and Dorothea Tanning
• The Impact of World War II on Women: Rosie the Riveter and Women in the Home Front

Women in the Post-World War II Era

• The Second Wave of Feminism: Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, and the Fight for Women’s Liberation
• The Civil Rights Act of 1964: Women’s Advocacy and Its Impact on Equal Rights
• Women in the Space Race: The Contributions of Astronauts and Mathematicians
• The Feminist Art Movement: Judy Chicago, Faith Ringgold, and the Redefining of Art
• Women in the Black Power Movement: Angela Davis, Assata Shakur, and Activism for Black Liberation
• The Impact of Title IX on Women’s Sports and Education: Advancements and Challenges
• The Birth of the Birth Control Pill: Margaret Sanger and the Reproductive Rights Revolution
• Women in the Vietnam War: Nurses, Reporters, and Anti-War Activists
• The Women’s Music Movement: The Contributions of Artists like Joan Baez and Joni Mitchell
• The Rise of LGBTQ+ Activism: Marsha P. Johnson, Audre Lorde, and Women’s Rights Advocacy

Women in Contemporary Politics and Society

• The Feminist Movement in the 21st Century: Intersectionality, #MeToo, and Online Activism
• Women in Politics: Examining Female Heads of State and Government Leaders
• The Role of Women in Environmental Activism: Greta Thunberg and Climate Change Advocacy
• Female Nobel Prize Laureates: Contributions to Peace, Literature, and Scientific Research
• Women in the Technology Industry: Breaking Barriers and Addressing Gender Disparities
• The Global Women’s Marches: Protests for Gender Equality and Women’s Rights
• Women in Sports Leadership: Coaches, Executives, and Trailblazers
• Female Entrepreneurs: Success Stories and Challenges in Business and Innovation
• Women in the Film Industry: Directors, Producers, and Advocacy for Gender Equality
• The Impact of COVID-19 on Women: Challenges, Resilience, and Socioeconomic Disparities

Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

• Women in STEM: Pioneering Scientists, Engineers, and Mathematicians
• The Contribution of Female Astronomers: Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin, Jocelyn Bell Burnell, and More
• Women in Computer Science: Ada Lovelace, Grace Hopper, and Innovations in Technology
• Female Mathematicians: Contributions to Mathematics and Overcoming Gender Bias
• The Glass Ceiling in STEM: Analyzing Challenges and Advancements for Women
• Women in Medical Research: Marie Curie, Rosalind Franklin, and Breakthrough Discoveries
• The Representation of Women in Video Games: Gender Stereotypes and Advocacy for Inclusivity
• Women in Environmental Science: Jane Goodall, Rachel Carson, and Conservation Efforts
• Female Engineers and Innovators: Contributions to Technology and Infrastructure
• The Future of Women in STEM: Promoting Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

Global Perspectives on Women’s History

• Indigenous Women’s Activism: Land Rights, Cultural Preservation, and Empowerment
• Women in Islamic History: Exploring Powerful Queens, Scholars, and Leaders
• The Role of Women in African Liberation Movements: Wangari Maathai, Winnie Mandela, and More
• Female Pirates and Warriors from Different Cultures: Ching Shih, Tomoe Gozen, and Others
• The Suffrage Movement Around the World: Examining Women’s Voting Rights in Different Countries
• Women in Latin American Revolutionaries: Rigoberta Menchú, Eva Perón, and Their Legacies
• Gender Roles in Asian Societies: Traditions, Modernization, and Gender Equality
• The Impact of Women in Middle Eastern Politics: Benazir Bhutto, Tawakkol Karman, and More
• The Representation of Women in Global Literature: Authors, Poets, and Their Stories
• The Fight for LGBTQ+ Rights Worldwide: Women Activists, Allies, and Advocacy

Women and Social Movements

• Women in the Disability Rights Movement: Advocacy, Accessibility, and Inclusion
• The Influence of Women in Anti-War Movements: CODEPINK, Women Strike for Peace, and More
• Female Environmental Activists: Wangari Maathai, Vandana Shiva, and Ecofeminism
• Women in the LGBTQ+ Rights Movement: Marsha P. Johnson, Sylvia Rivera, and Queer Activism
• The Black Women’s Movement: Intersectionality, Feminism, and Racial Justice
• Women in the Anti-Apartheid Movement: Winnie Mandela, Albertina Sisulu, and Freedom Struggles
• The Role of Women in the Disability Rights Movement: Access, Advocacy, and Empowerment
• Women in the Animal Rights Movement: Carol J. Adams, Ingrid Newkirk, and Ethical Activism
• Female Indigenous Rights Activists: Indigenous Sovereignty, Land Rights, and Cultural Preservation
• Women in the Anti-Colonial and Independence Movements: Frantz Fanon, Funmilayo Ransome-Kuti, and Liberation

This comprehensive list of women’s history research paper topics offers a vast array of subjects for history students to explore and analyze. From influential figures and movements in ancient civilizations to contemporary women in politics, science, and social movements, the contributions of women have been pivotal in shaping the course of history. Each topic presents unique opportunities to delve into narratives that have long been overlooked, offering valuable insights into the struggles, achievements, and resilience of women across the globe. By selecting a topic from this diverse list, students can embark on a captivating academic journey, unveiling the untold stories and often marginalized perspectives of women throughout history.

Women’s History: A Multitude of Research Paper Topics

Women’s history is an integral and fascinating field of study that has grown significantly over the years, offering diverse research opportunities for history students. As we delve into the lives of women throughout the ages, we uncover a rich tapestry of experiences, contributions, and challenges that have shaped societies across the globe. This article explores the significance of women’s history as a discipline and the vast range of research paper topics it offers. From influential queens and pioneering scientists to fearless activists and revolutionary leaders, women’s history presents a world of narratives waiting to be uncovered and analyzed.

The Emergence and Importance of Women’s History

The emergence of women’s history as an academic discipline can be traced back to the 1970s, during the second wave of feminism. Prior to this period, women’s contributions were often neglected or overshadowed in historical accounts, leaving a gap in our understanding of the past. The feminist movement played a crucial role in bringing attention to women’s experiences and advocating for their inclusion in historical narratives.

As women’s history gained recognition, scholars began to explore the lives of influential women, their roles in shaping societies, and their struggles for rights and equality. This shift in perspective not only provided a more comprehensive understanding of history but also challenged conventional narratives and shed light on previously marginalized voices.

The Diversity of Women’s History Research Paper Topics

One of the remarkable aspects of women’s history is its diversity. The field encompasses a wide array of historical periods, regions, cultures, and themes. From ancient civilizations to contemporary societies, women have played pivotal roles in various spheres of life, leaving indelible marks on history.

Women’s history research paper topics can span from queens and empresses in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia to female pioneers in science and mathematics during the Renaissance and Enlightenment. The impact of women in social movements, such as the suffrage movement, civil rights movement, and LGBTQ+ rights activism, also provides rich ground for exploration.

Moreover, women’s history is not confined to specific geographical boundaries. It offers global perspectives, allowing students to examine the roles of women in diverse cultures, societies, and historical contexts. From indigenous leaders fighting for land rights to women’s contributions in African liberation movements, the stories of women from various backgrounds paint a vivid picture of resilience, determination, and collective progress.

Women’s History as a Lens for Understanding Societal Changes

Studying women’s history goes beyond acknowledging the contributions of individual women; it serves as a lens through which we can understand broader societal changes. By analyzing women’s roles in various historical contexts, we gain insights into shifts in gender norms, expectations, and opportunities.

For instance, the suffrage movement and the fight for women’s voting rights reflect the broader struggle for gender equality and political representation. Exploring the lives of women during wartime sheds light on how conflicts have shaped women’s roles, from nurses on the battlefield to activists advocating for peace.

Women’s history also provides a platform for examining the intersections of gender with other aspects of identity, such as race, class, and sexuality. By understanding how different identities intersect, we can grasp the complexities of women’s experiences and the unique challenges faced by women from marginalized communities.

Overlooked Narratives and Reevaluating Historical Perspectives

Throughout history, women’s contributions have often been downplayed or omitted from official records. The study of women’s history allows us to unearth these overlooked narratives and reevaluate historical perspectives. By conducting thorough research and analysis, history students have the opportunity to rectify historical inaccuracies and give voice to the untold stories of women.

For instance, women’s roles in the arts, sciences, and intellectual circles have often been overshadowed by male counterparts. In the field of art, female painters and sculptors like Artemisia Gentileschi have been rediscovered, shedding light on their significant contributions to the Renaissance art movement.

Exploring Women’s Agency and Empowerment

Women’s history also provides insights into women’s agency and empowerment, showcasing how women have navigated societal constraints to effect change and pursue their passions. From medieval queens who wielded political power to female entrepreneurs challenging gender norms, the stories of women’s agency offer valuable lessons in resilience and determination.

In addition, women’s history offers examples of female solidarity and community-building, as seen in suffrage movements, labor activism, and other collective efforts. These stories of women coming together to fight for common goals demonstrate the strength and impact of women’s collective actions.

Relevance of Women’s History in Modern Society

The study of women’s history extends beyond academic interest; it is highly relevant in shaping modern perceptions and policies. As we grapple with ongoing debates surrounding gender equality, reproductive rights, and women’s representation in leadership roles, understanding the historical context and struggles of women provides a critical foundation for addressing contemporary challenges.

Moreover, women’s history enriches our understanding of social progress and highlights the importance of continuing efforts to achieve gender equality. By learning from past movements and achievements, society can move closer to achieving a more equitable and inclusive future for all.

Women’s history stands as a testament to the resilience, achievements, and diversity of women across the ages. This world of women’s history research paper topics offers a plethora of narratives waiting to be explored and celebrated. From ancient civilizations to modern revolutions, women have shaped history in profound ways, leaving an enduring legacy for future generations to learn from and build upon.

As history students engage in the research process, they have the unique opportunity to reclaim forgotten stories, amplify marginalized voices, and challenge conventional historical perspectives. By immersing themselves in the lives and contributions of women, students can foster a deeper appreciation for the complexities of human experience and the invaluable role women have played in shaping the course of history.

How to Choose Women’s History Research Paper Topics

Selecting a compelling and engaging research paper topic is a crucial step in the academic journey of history students. When it comes to women’s history, the vast array of narratives and experiences can be both exciting and overwhelming. In this section, we will provide valuable insights and practical tips to help students navigate the process of choosing women’s history research paper topics that resonate with their interests, align with their academic goals, and contribute meaningfully to the field of study.

• Follow Your Interests : Choosing a research paper topic that genuinely interests you is the first and most crucial step. Reflect on your personal passions and the aspects of women’s history that intrigue you the most. Do you have a fascination with powerful queens and empresses of ancient civilizations, or are you drawn to the stories of courageous activists in the suffrage and civil rights movements? Let your curiosity guide you in selecting a topic that will motivate and inspire you throughout the research process.
• Identify Unexplored Narratives : Women’s history is a field that continues to evolve, with ongoing efforts to uncover previously overlooked narratives. Look for lesser-known or marginalized figures and events that have made significant contributions to women’s history. By shedding light on hidden stories, your research paper can add fresh insights and perspectives to the existing body of knowledge.
• Consider Social and Cultural Context : Contextualize the lives of women within their social, cultural, and historical settings. Examine how the prevailing societal norms, political structures, and cultural values influenced women’s roles and agency in different time periods and regions. Understanding the context surrounding women’s experiences enriches your research paper and provides a more nuanced understanding of their contributions and challenges.
• Engage with Current Debates : Women’s history is a dynamic field that intersects with contemporary debates on gender, equality, and social justice. Consider women’s history research paper topics that connect historical issues to present-day discussions. For instance, you might explore the historical roots of feminist movements and their relevance to ongoing gender equality efforts. By engaging with current debates, your research paper gains relevance and demonstrates the enduring impact of women’s history on modern society.
• Analyze Primary Sources : To craft a well-rounded and rigorous research paper, immerse yourself in primary sources, such as letters, diaries, speeches, and historical documents. Analyzing firsthand accounts provides a direct and intimate glimpse into the lives and thoughts of women from the past. Consider visiting archives or digital repositories to access these valuable resources and gain fresh perspectives on historical events and figures.
• Delve into Academic Literature : Conduct a thorough review of academic literature on women’s history to identify gaps or areas that require further exploration. By analyzing existing research, you can refine your research question and ensure that your paper contributes to the scholarly conversation. Cite reputable sources and engage with diverse perspectives to build a robust and well-informed argument.
• Consider Comparative Studies : Comparative studies can provide valuable insights into women’s experiences across different time periods, cultures, or regions. Compare and contrast the roles of women in two or more societies, examining similarities, differences, and factors that influenced their lives. This approach adds depth to your research and fosters a broader understanding of women’s history as a global phenomenon.
• Consult with Professors or Mentors : Seek guidance and feedback from your history professors or academic mentors during the topic selection process. They can offer valuable insights, suggest relevant sources, and help you refine your research question. Sharing your ideas with experts in the field can lead to fruitful discussions and spark new angles for exploration.
• Address Understudied Themes : Women’s history covers a wide range of themes beyond well-known figures and movements. Consider addressing understudied themes, such as women’s roles in medicine, science, art, or trade during specific historical periods. By investigating these lesser-explored themes, you contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of women’s diverse contributions throughout history.
• Personal Connection : If possible, consider women’s history research paper topics that hold personal significance for you. Connecting emotionally to your research subject can ignite a deeper passion for the topic and motivate you to delve further into its complexities. Whether it’s tracing the history of female ancestors, exploring the impact of a particular movement on your community, or analyzing the legacy of a women’s rights advocate, a personal connection can infuse your research with a sense of purpose and authenticity.

Choosing a women’s history research paper topic is an opportunity to embark on an intellectual journey that not only enriches your academic experience but also contributes to the broader exploration of women’s history. By following your interests, engaging with primary sources, considering social contexts, and consulting with mentors, you can select a topic that resonates with your passion, aligns with your academic goals, and adds valuable insights to the field of women’s history.

Remember that women’s history is a dynamic and evolving field, and your research paper has the potential to make a meaningful impact by shedding light on forgotten narratives, challenging historical biases, and celebrating the diverse contributions of women throughout history. Embrace the adventure of uncovering the stories of women who have shaped the course of human history, and let your research paper be a tribute to their enduring legacy.

How to Write a Women’s History Research Paper

Crafting a women’s history research paper requires a combination of scholarly rigor, critical analysis, and a passion for exploring the narratives of women throughout history. As history students delve into this captivating field, they embark on a journey to uncover forgotten stories, challenge historical biases, and celebrate the contributions of women from diverse backgrounds. This section offers a comprehensive guide on how to write a women’s history research paper, from formulating a compelling thesis to conducting thorough research and presenting a well-structured argument.

• Formulating a Strong Thesis Statement : The foundation of any research paper is a well-crafted thesis statement that succinctly summarizes the main argument or research question. When formulating a thesis for a women’s history paper, consider a specific aspect of women’s experiences or contributions that you aim to explore. Make sure your thesis is clear, focused, and debatable, as it will serve as a guiding beacon throughout the writing process. For example, a thesis on the suffrage movement could be: “The suffrage movement in the United States was a crucial catalyst for advancing women’s political rights and played a pivotal role in shaping the feminist movements of the 20th century.”
• Conducting In-Depth Research : Thorough research is the backbone of a successful women’s history research paper. Explore a wide range of primary and secondary sources, including historical documents, academic literature, diaries, letters, and interviews. Unearth firsthand accounts of women from different time periods and cultural backgrounds to gain a more intimate understanding of their experiences and perspectives. Utilize digital archives and academic databases to access a wealth of historical resources. Evaluate the credibility and reliability of sources to ensure that your research is built on well-founded evidence and scholarly authority.
• Analyzing Historical Context : Place the lives of women within their historical context to provide a nuanced understanding of their actions and decisions. Consider the social, cultural, political, and economic factors that influenced women’s roles and opportunities during specific time periods. Analyzing historical context allows you to explore the constraints and possibilities faced by women, painting a comprehensive picture of their agency and impact.
• Organizing the Research Paper : A well-organized structure is essential for presenting your research coherently and logically. Start with an introduction that provides background information on the topic, presents your thesis statement, and outlines the scope of your research. Divide the body of your research paper into sections that support your thesis and address specific aspects of women’s history. Each section should focus on a distinct theme or historical period and include evidence, analysis, and examples to support your arguments. Use clear subheadings to guide readers through the content.
• Engaging with Different Perspectives : Women’s history is a multidimensional field that involves engaging with diverse perspectives and interpretations. Acknowledge differing viewpoints in your research paper and provide a balanced assessment of historical events and figures. Drawing from various sources and perspectives demonstrates the depth of your research and enhances the credibility of your arguments.
• Addressing Gender Biases and Stereotypes : Women’s history research papers provide an opportunity to challenge gender biases and stereotypes that have influenced historical narratives. Avoid perpetuating gender stereotypes in your writing and be mindful of language that may reinforce gender norms. Instead, highlight the agency, achievements, and resilience of women in history.
• Writing with Clarity and Precision : Effective writing is essential in communicating your research findings and arguments. Strive for clarity, coherence, and precision in your writing, and avoid jargon or overly complex language that may obscure your message. Make sure your sentences flow logically, and use transitions to guide readers through your paper smoothly.
• Integrating Primary Sources : Integrate quotes and excerpts from primary sources strategically to provide direct evidence and firsthand perspectives. When using primary sources, ensure they are properly cited and contextualized to avoid misinterpretations. Primary sources add authenticity and depth to your research, making it more compelling and insightful.
• Applying a Critical Lens : Approach women’s history research with a critical lens, questioning assumptions and evaluating historical interpretations. Consider the implications of historical events and figures on women’s lives and the broader society. A critical analysis allows you to present a nuanced and thought-provoking argument in your research paper.
• Concluding with Impact : The conclusion of your women’s history research paper should not be merely a summary of your findings but a thought-provoking reflection on the significance of your research. Revisit your thesis statement and reemphasize the key points of your paper. Connect your findings to broader historical themes and contemporary relevance to highlight the impact of women’s history on our understanding of the past and its implications for the future.

Writing a women’s history research paper is an opportunity to contribute to the growing body of knowledge on the contributions and experiences of women throughout history. By formulating a strong thesis, conducting in-depth research, analyzing historical context, and engaging with diverse perspectives, students can craft a compelling and insightful research paper.

As history students navigate the writing process, they become storytellers and advocates for the voices of women who have shaped human history. By uncovering forgotten narratives, challenging gender biases, and presenting well-researched arguments, students illuminate the path towards a more inclusive and comprehensive understanding of our shared past.

Women’s history research papers serve as a testament to the resilience, agency, and achievements of women across the ages. As we explore the narratives of remarkable women, let us be inspired by their contributions and commit ourselves to celebrate and preserve the legacies of women who have made indelible marks on the course of human history. In embracing the task of writing a women’s history research paper, we join the collective effort to reclaim the stories of women and ensure that their voices echo through the annals of time.

iResearchNet’s Custom Research Paper Writing Services

At iResearchNet, we recognize the significance of women’s history as an essential field of study that sheds light on the contributions, struggles, and achievements of women throughout history. As a reputable academic writing company, we are committed to supporting students in their pursuit of knowledge and excellence in women’s history research. Our custom women’s history research paper writing services offer students the opportunity to embark on a scholarly journey, delving into the captivating world of women’s history with the guidance and expertise of our professional writers. In this section, we present an overview of the exceptional features and benefits that students can access through iResearchNet’s writing services, ensuring a rewarding and successful research paper experience.

• Expert Degree-Holding Writers : Our team of writers comprises accomplished academics and subject matter experts with advanced degrees in history, including women’s history. They have extensive experience in crafting well-researched and thought-provoking research papers that meet the highest academic standards. When students entrust their women’s history research papers to us, they can be confident that their work will be in the hands of knowledgeable professionals.
• Custom Written Works : At iResearchNet, we understand the importance of originality in academic writing. Our custom women’s history research papers are meticulously crafted to reflect each student’s unique research question, thesis statement, and academic objectives. We do not engage in pre-written or plagiarized content, ensuring that each research paper is tailor-made to meet the specific requirements of our clients.
• In-Depth Research : Research is at the core of every women’s history research paper we produce. Our writers conduct extensive research, delving into a wide range of primary and secondary sources to ensure the accuracy and authenticity of the content. They critically engage with historical narratives and perspectives to present a comprehensive and well-informed analysis in each research paper.
• Custom Formatting : Formatting a research paper according to the appropriate citation style can be challenging. At iResearchNet, our writers are well-versed in various citation styles, including APA, MLA, Chicago/Turabian, and Harvard. Students can specify their preferred citation style, and our writers will meticulously adhere to the guidelines to ensure a polished and professional final paper.
• Top Quality : Quality is at the forefront of our custom women’s history research paper writing services. We are dedicated to delivering research papers that exceed expectations in terms of content, analysis, structure, and academic rigor. Our commitment to excellence is reflected in the meticulous approach our writers take in every stage of the writing process.
• Customized Solutions : Every student has unique research needs and objectives. Our custom women’s history research paper writing services are designed to provide tailored solutions that cater to each student’s requirements. Whether it’s the scope of the research, the focus of the analysis, or the formatting preferences, we are here to accommodate every aspect of the research paper.
• Flexible Pricing : We understand that students may have budget constraints, and we strive to offer flexible and competitive pricing options. Our pricing structure takes into account the complexity and urgency of the research paper, ensuring that students receive excellent value for their investment.
• Short Deadlines : Time constraints should not hinder academic progress. We recognize the importance of meeting tight deadlines, and our writers are skilled in producing high-quality research papers even within short time frames. Whether students need a research paper in a few hours or a few days, our writing services can accommodate their needs.
• Timely Delivery : We prioritize timely delivery, ensuring that students receive their completed research papers within the agreed-upon timeframe. Our efficient writing process and commitment to punctuality mean that students can confidently submit their research papers on time, without compromising on quality.
• 24/7 Support : At iResearchNet, we provide round-the-clock support to address any questions or concerns that students may have about their research papers. Our customer support team is available 24/7 to assist with inquiries, provide updates on the writing process, and offer guidance at every stage of the research paper journey.
• Absolute Privacy : We uphold strict confidentiality and privacy standards, ensuring that all personal and transactional information remains secure and protected. Students can trust that their interactions with iResearchNet are kept confidential, and their research papers remain their intellectual property.
• Easy Order Tracking : We offer a seamless order tracking system, allowing students to stay informed about the progress of their research papers. Through our user-friendly platform, students can easily communicate with their assigned writers, receive updates, and provide feedback to ensure a collaborative and successful writing process.
• Money Back Guarantee : We are committed to customer satisfaction, and our money-back guarantee reflects our confidence in the quality of our services. If, for any reason, students are not satisfied with the delivered research paper, they are entitled to a full or partial refund, subject to our terms and conditions.

iResearchNet’s custom women’s history research paper writing services provide a gateway to an enriching and successful academic journey. With our team of expert writers, commitment to quality, and dedication to meeting students’ unique needs, we offer a comprehensive and rewarding research paper experience.

Through our collaborative approach, students can confidently explore the captivating world of women’s history, armed with the expertise and guidance of our accomplished writers. Our commitment to academic excellence and customer satisfaction ensures that every research paper crafted by iResearchNet reflects the dedication and passion that students bring to their studies.

As students immerse themselves in the stories and contributions of women throughout history, our custom women’s history research paper writing services stand as a trusted ally, supporting them in their pursuit of knowledge, critical thinking, and academic success. Embrace the opportunity to explore women’s history with iResearchNet and let us be your partner in unlocking the remarkable narratives of women that have shaped the course of human history.

Empower Your Women’s History Journey with iResearchNet

Are you ready to embark on a transformative academic journey through the captivating world of women’s history? At iResearchNet, we invite you to empower your research and writing endeavors with our custom women’s history research paper writing services. Our team of expert writers, passionate about women’s history, is here to support you in crafting a research paper that illuminates the lives, contributions, and struggles of women from diverse backgrounds and time periods. Let your curiosity and thirst for knowledge lead the way as we delve into the untold stories of remarkable women who have shaped the course of human history.

Empower your women’s history journey today and join us in celebrating the narratives of women who have shaped history. Let iResearchNet be your trusted companion in unlocking the remarkable stories of women and contribute to the ongoing dialogue on women’s history. Together, we illuminate the past, inspire the present, and pave the way for a more inclusive and equitable future. Explore the world of women’s history with iResearchNet and let your research paper be a legacy of the enduring impact of women throughout the ages.

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Women's Studies: Special Topics on Women

• Library Databases
• Indexes & Bibliographies
• Statistical Sources
• Women's History on the Web
• eArchives of Women's Writings
• Special Topics on Women
• Biographical Resources
• Essential Writings of Feminism
• General Women's Studies Portals
• Groups and Associations
• Special Library Collections
• Selected Print and E-Book Sources

Websites for Special Topics Related to Women

Here are a few websites related to specific issues like women's human rights, violence against women, women's health and reproductive rights.  This is just a sampling!

• Women's Human Rights Resources Programme (WHRR) Created by staff at the Bora Laskin Law Library in Toronto, "The Women's Human Rights Resources Programme (WHRR) collects, organizes and disseminates information on women's human rights law to facilitate research, teaching and cooperation. The information introduces women's human rights law in general, emphasizes selected international and Canadian topics, and explores the interconnections between domestic and international human rights law." Includes a database and research guides and bibliographies.
• WomensLaw.org A project of the National Network to End Domestic Violence (NNEDV), whose website is also worth visiting, this site was is meant to provide "legal information and support to victims of domestic violence and sexual assault." More practical than scholarly, it defines the issues, advises on how to stay safe, deal with courts, etc.
• Amnesty International: Violence Against Women There are many webpages from groups fighting violence against women. The resources of Amnesty International are especially interesting because they are global and far-reaching. There are features, videos and country-specific reports. In the left frame are links to other women's pages on Women's Health, Gender Discrimination, Women's Human Rights Defenders and Women, Peace & Security.
• Human Rights Watch: Women Like AI, HRW also addresses global issues related to women's human rights. Reports may look at specific countries or general topics. You might assume that the latest news focuses on abuses in the developing world, but you'd be wrong. Many topics relate to challenges in the U.S. Recent reports have titles like "House Vote a Step Backward for Women’s Rights" and "Sexual Violence, Harassment of Immigrant Farmworkers."
• Center for Gender in Global Context: Working Papers The Center for Gender in Global Context at Michigan State is an interdisciplinary center in International Studies and Programs focused on gender, feminist, and women's studies. This page links to a couple dozen working papers that the Center and its affiliates have produced since 2000.
• Sexual Violence in History: A Bibliography While working on his dissertation about rape in Germany during the Weimar Republic, Stefan Blaschke began this webpage. And this useful bibliography has been around for years. The current materials, from sources worldwide, can be found in this blog, which "informs monthly about news, events and literature concerning the history of rape." The original Bibliography (posted in 2009) can be found at the Internet Archive, here .
• VAWnet (National Online Resource Center on Violence Against Women) "VAWnet is a comprehensive and easily accessible online collection of full-text, searchable materials and resources on domestic violence, sexual violence and related issues." I am linking to the Research page, which "contains resources relevant to research on domestic and sexual violence including Applied Research Documents, data sets, research and evaluation tools, fact sheets, research reports, and other publications that provide an analysis, critique and/or review of current related issues." Explore other parts of the website from the left and top frame.
• Global Database on Violence Against Women "Violence against women and girls is one of the most systematic and widespread human rights violations. According to a 2013 global review of available data, 35 per cent of women worldwide have experienced either physical and/or sexual intimate partner violence or non-partner sexual violence. Eliminating such violence globally requires intensive efforts, which led world leaders to establish an online tool that increases opportunities to exchange experiences and strengthen knowledge to prevent and stop violence against women. The Global Database on Violence against Women provides easy access to comprehensive and up-to-date information on measures undertaken by United Nations Member States to address all forms of violence against women."
• Center for Reproductive Rights: Publications Archive "For the past 20 years, the Center for Reproductive Rights has used the law to advance reproductive freedom as a fundamental human right that all governments are legally obligated to protect, respect, and fulfill." This page "contains every Publication and Video the Center has produced since 1997."
• MedlinePlus: Women's Health This webpage, sponsored by the U.S. National Library of Medicine and the National Institutes of Health, is a good starting point for, as they claim, "Trusted Health Information." Here you will find news, overviews, information on current research, and statistics related to women's health. Topics range from body image to heart disease to substance abuse.
• womenshealth.gov womenshealth.gov is the website of the Office on Women's Health/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, established to "provide FREE, reliable health information for women everywhere." Sections include an A-Z list of Health Topics, Publications, Statistics and Health Tools (calculators).
• Motherhood Initiative for Research and Community Involvement (MIRCI) "The Motherhood Initiative for Research and Community Involvement (MIRCI) is the newly launched feminist scholarly and activist organization on mothering-motherhood, developed from the former Association for Research on Mothering at York University (1998-2010). The initiative houses the Journal of the Motherhood Initiative (formerly The Journal of the Association for Research on Mothering), Mother Outlaws, The International Mothers and Mothering Network (formerly IMN), Young Mothers and Empowerment Forum, The Motherhood Studies Forum and is partnered with Demeter Press."
• Feminist Theory Website "The Feminist Theory Website provides research materials and information for students, activists, and scholars interested in women's conditions and struggles around the world. The goals of this website are: 1) to encourage a wide range of research into feminist theory, and 2) to encourage dialogue between women (and men) from different countries around the world. Hopefully, this will result in new connections, new ideas, and new information about feminist theory and women's movements." Unfortunately, the site is mostly a simple bibliography. It lists resources on specific theories and fields, but doesn't tell you about them or link to them.

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July 12, 2024

This article has been reviewed according to Science X's editorial process and policies . Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:

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New report calls for more research on women's health issues

by Robin Foster

A new report finds research is sorely lacking on how chronic illnesses affect women, and it urges government agencies to do more to investigate how these diseases strike women differently.

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine analysis , commissioned by the Office of Research on Women's Health and released Wednesday, noted that women are disproportionately affected by chronic illnesses , including Alzheimer's disease, depression and osteoporosis .

"Although women on average live longer, chronic diseases may diminish women's quality of life for years when compared with men," the report authors wrote. "Chronic conditions in women contribute to substantial health care costs and have a significant effect on women's productivity at work and at home."

However, a scarcity of research on women's health "hinders a comprehensive understanding of the impact on women" of chronic illnesses, they added.

"Advances in our understanding of conditions like Alzheimer's, heart disease and even chronic pain have largely been shaped by research focused on men. At best, this means we don't fully understand how these conditions affect women—but at worst, it can mean a misdiagnosis, medical error or inappropriate treatment," Eve Higginbotham, chair of the committee that wrote the report, said in a news release .

"This is not the first report from the National Academies to assert that women's health is understudied," she noted. "It is long overdue for federal agencies to intentionally commit to a new research agenda that will finally improve our understanding of chronic conditions in women."

Right now, women are given short shrift in medical studies , the report authors said.

"One of the biggest frustrations is how often we [saw] examples where women were not incorporated into research, where women's experiences and symptoms were undermined or not given enough attention," report co-author Farida Sohrabji told the Washington Post. "One of the things that comes up quite often is that [women] are aware that their health is sometimes not given appropriate consideration, and their experience of pain is minimized."

Sohrabji added that the medical experiences of women of color in particular have long been overlooked, even though their experiences can differ drastically from white women.

What can be done? The 500-page report calls for focused efforts, led by National Institutes of Health, to enhance diagnostic tools for female-specific conditions such as endometriosis and to distinguish among the overlapping symptoms of various chronic conditions.

Beyond that, the report authors urged the medical community to develop diagnostic tools tailored for chronic conditions in women, noting distinct gender differences in the symptoms of both heart disease and diabetes.

"If there were something that affected a large percentage of men as [some of the diseases that affect] women, we would know exactly what causes it, and then we would have more treatments and diagnostics," Karen Tang, a gynecologist who was not involved in the report , told the Post.

The Society for Women's Health Research has more on women's health issues .

© 2024 HealthDay . All rights reserved.

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women's health center / women's health a-z list / new report calls research on womens health issues article

New Report Calls for More Research on Women's Health Issues

Latest women's health news.

• New Report Calls Research on Womens Health Issues
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A new report finds research is sorely lacking on how chronic illnesses affect women, and it urged government agencies to do more to investigate how these diseases strike women differently.

The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine analysis, commissioned by the Office of Research on Women's Health and released Wednesday, noted that women are disproportionately affected by chronic illnesses, including Alzheimer's disease, depression and osteoporosis .

"Although women on average live longer, chronic diseases may diminish women's quality of life for years when compared with men," the report authors wrote. "Chronic conditions in women contribute to substantial health care costs and have a significant effect on women's productivity at work and at home."

However, a scarcity of research on women's health “hinders a comprehensive understanding of the impact on women” of chronic illnesses, they added. 

“Advances in our understanding of conditions like Alzheimer's , heart disease and even chronic pain have largely been shaped by research focused on men. At best, this means we don't fully understand how these conditions affect women -- but at worst, it can mean a misdiagnosis, medical error or inappropriate treatment,” Eve Higginbotham, chair of the committee that wrote the report, said in a news release. 

“This is not the first report from the National Academies to assert that women's health is understudied," she noted. "It is long overdue for federal agencies to intentionally commit to a new research agenda that will finally improve our understanding of chronic conditions in women.”

Right now, women are given short shrift in medical studies, the report authors said.

“One of the biggest frustrations is how often we [saw] examples where women were not incorporated into research, where women's experiences and symptoms were undermined or not given enough attention,” report co-author Farida Sohrabji told the Washington Post. “One of the things that comes up quite often is that [women] are aware that their health is sometimes not given appropriate consideration, and their experience of pain is minimized.”

Sohrabji added that the medical experiences of women of color in particular have long been overlooked, even though their experiences can differ drastically from white women.

What can be done? The 500-page report calls for focused efforts, led by National Institutes of Health, to enhance diagnostic tools for female-specific conditions such as endometriosis and to distinguish among the overlapping symptoms of various chronic conditions.

Beyond that, the report authors urged the medical community to develop diagnostic tools tailored for chronic conditions in women, noting distinct gender differences in the symptoms of both heart disease and diabetes . 

“If there were something that affected a large percentage of men as [some of the diseases that affect] women, we would know exactly what causes it, and then we would have more treatments and diagnostics,” Karen Tang, a gynecologist who was not involved in the report, told the Post.

More information

The Society for Women's Health Research has more on women's health issues.

SOURCE: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, report, July 10, 2024; Washington Post

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Amid Doubts About Biden’s Mental Sharpness, Trump Leads Presidential Race

4. interest in the 2024 election, table of contents.

• Broad dissatisfaction with the 2024 campaign
• Other findings: Voter engagement, candidates and issues, Trump’s conduct, Biden’s personal traits over time, job approval
• Larger share of Trump’s voters say they strongly support him
• Moderate supporters of Biden and Trump are less likely than strong supporters to be certain of their choices
• Where do Kennedy’s supporters go in a two-way race?
• Personal traits of Biden and Trump
• Confidence in Biden and Trump on issues facing the nation
• Many voters would swap out the candidates if they could
• Voters’ emotions if Biden or Trump won
• Demographic differences in views of the stakes in the 2024 election
• How motivated are voters at this point in the campaign?
• How voter attention compares to past elections
• Views of Biden’s job performance among key demographic groups
• Views of the political parties
• Acknowledgments
• The American Trends Panel survey methodology

Voter engagement with the 2024 election is about as high today it was at similar points during the 2020 and 2016 campaigns.

And on various measures of interest in the campaign and voting, there are no significant differences between Biden and Trump supporters.

Most voters (71%) say it really matters who wins the election. This is slightly lower than the share who said this about the 2020 election that August (76%) and somewhat higher than the share who said this about the 2016 election that July (67%).

Biden and Trump supporters are equally likely to see high stakes in the election. Nearly identical shares of Biden (79%) and Trump supporters (78%) say it really matters who wins the election.

Voters who support Robert F. Kennedy Jr. are far less likely than Biden or Trump supporters to say the outcome really matters (39% say this). (Read more about election engagement among Biden, Trump and Kennedy supporters .

The shares of Biden and Trump supporters saying it really matters who wins are quite similar to views in August 2020. They are higher than the shares of Clinton and Trump supporters saying this in August 2016.

As was the case during the past two presidential contests, there are sizable demographic differences in the shares of voters who say it really matters who wins.

Voters ages 18 to 29 are less likely than older voters to say it really matters who wins the election. Only about half (51%) say it really matters, which is roughly similar to the shares of young voters saying this four and eight years ago.

The share saying it really matters increases with age. More than eight-in-ten voters ages 65 and older (86%) say this, the highest among age groups.

Race and ethnicity

White voters continue to be more likely than voters in other racial and ethnic groups to say it really matters who wins.

Roughly three-quarters of White voters (76%) say this compared with about six-in-ten Black (63%), Hispanic (58%) and Asian voters (58%).

A majority of registered voters (56%) say they are extremely motivated to vote in the presidential election. Another 16% say they are very motivated to vote while 12% say they are somewhat motivated.

About one-in-seven (15%) say they are not too or not at all motivated to vote in the election.

Identical shares of Biden supporters and Trump supporters (63% each) say they are extremely motivated to vote this fall.

By comparison, just 21% of voters who support Robert F. Kennedy Jr. say they are extremely motivated.

Among demographic groups

As with other measures of election engagement, there are demographic differences in motivation to vote. And the patterns in the current election are consistent with past elections .

Older voters overall are more likely than young voters to say they are extremely motivated to vote in the presidential election.

About a third of registered voters ages 18 to 29 (34%) say they are extremely motivated to vote. That rises to 49% among voters 30 to 49 and to 65% among those 50 and older.

Similar shares of Biden (42%) and Trump supporters (38%) ages 18 to 29 say they are extremely motivated to vote. The shares expressing this view increase with age among both candidates’ supporters. Roughly three-quarters of Biden (75%) and Trump supporters (72%) ages 65 and older say they are extremely motivated.

A 63% majority of White voters say they are extremely motivated to vote, compared with 41% of Black voters, 36% of Hispanic voters and 39% of Asian voters.

These racial and ethnic differences are seen among each candidates’ supporters. For instance, while 71% of White Biden supporters say they are extremely motivated to vote, smaller shares of Black (50%) and Hispanic (49%) voters who back Biden say the same.

Voter attention to and interest in the 2024 campaign is not markedly different from the past two elections.

Attention to news about the 2024 election

About a third of voters (33%) say they are following election news very closely. Another 41% are following election news fairly closely.

The share following election news very closely has increased 5 percentage points since April. Interest in election news tends to increase over the course of a campaign.

The share of voters following election news very closely is currently higher than at about the same point in 2020 (27% in June 2020) but lower than in 2016 (41% in July 2016).

Thought about the 2024 candidates

Nearly six-in-ten voters (58%) say they have given a lot of thought to the 2024 presidential candidates, up from 49% in April. In June 2020, about half of voters (52%) said they had given a lot of thought to the candidates.

There are no significant differences in the shares of Biden (64%) and Trump (62%) supporters who say they have thought a lot about the candidates.

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