education system in india essay for class 9

Essay on Indian Education System for Students and Children

500+ words essay on indian education system for students and children.

The Indian education system is quite an old education system that still exists. It has produced so many genius minds that are making India proud all over the world. However, while it is one of the oldest systems, it is still not that developed when compared to others, which are in fact newer. This is so as the other countries have gone through growth and advancement, but the Indian education system is still stuck in old age. It faces a lot of problems that need to be sorted to let it reach its full potential.

Problems with Indian Education System

Our Indian education system faces a lot of problems that do not let it prosper and help other children succeed in life . The biggest problem which it has to face is the poor grading system. It judges the intelligence of a student on the basis of academics which is in the form of exam papers. That is very unfair to students who are good in their overall performance but not that good at specific subjects.

Moreover, they only strive to get good marks not paying attention to understanding what is taught. In other words, this encourages getting good marks through mugging up and not actually grasping the concept efficiently.

Furthermore, we see how the Indian education system focuses on theory more. Only a little percentage is given for practical. This makes them run after the bookish knowledge and not actually applying it to the real world. This practice makes them perplexed when they go out in the real world due to lack of practical knowledge.

Most importantly, the Indian education system does not emphasize enough on the importance of sports and arts. Students are always asked to study all the time where they get no time for other activities like sports and arts.

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How Can We Improve Indian Education System?

As the Indian Education System is facing so many problems, we need to come up with effective solutions so it improves and creates a brighter future for students . We can start by focusing on the skill development of the students. The schools and colleges must not only focus on the ranks and grades but on the analytical and creative skills of children.

In addition, subjects must not be merely taught theoretically but with practical. This will help in a better understanding of the subject without them having to mug up the whole thing due to lack of practical knowledge. Also, the syllabus must be updated with the changing times and not follow the old age pattern.

Other than that, the government and private colleges must now increase the payroll of teachers. As they clearly deserve more than what they offer. To save money, the schools hire teachers who are not qualified enough. This creates a very bad classroom environment and learning. They must be hired if they are fit for the job and not because they are working at a lesser salary.

In conclusion, the Indian education system must change for the better. It must give the students equal opportunities to shine better in the future. We need to let go of the old and traditional ways and enhance the teaching standards so our youth can get create a better world.

FAQs on Indian Education System

Q.1 What problems does the Indian Education System face?

A.1 Indian education is very old and outdated. It judges students on the basis of marks and grades ignoring the overall performance of the student. It focuses on academics side-lining arts and sports.

Q.2 How can we improve the Indian education system?

A.2 The colleges and schools must hire well and qualified teachers. They must help students to understand the concept instead of merely mugging up the whole subject.

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Essay on Indian Education System

Education is like a key that opens doors to a world of knowledge, opportunities, and growth. In India, a vast and diverse country, the education system plays a crucial role in shaping the future of millions of students. In this essay, I will argue that the Indian education system has its strengths and challenges, and it is continually evolving to provide quality education to its youth.

The Foundation of the Indian Education System

The roots of the Indian education system can be traced back to ancient times, where gurus (teachers) imparted knowledge to their students. This rich history forms the foundation of modern Indian education. Today, the system is a blend of traditional values and contemporary approaches.

The Structure of Indian Education

The Indian education system is divided into several stages, including primary, secondary, and higher education. It is governed by various boards and councils, such as the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and the Indian Certificate of Secondary Education (ICSE). These boards set standards and conduct examinations.

Strengths of the Indian Education System

One of the strengths of the Indian education system is its emphasis on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) subjects. India has produced many successful scientists, engineers, and IT professionals who have made significant contributions worldwide.

Furthermore, the Indian education system places importance on rote learning, which helps students develop strong memory and discipline. It also fosters a competitive spirit, motivating students to excel academically.

Challenges Faced by the Indian Education System

Despite its strengths, the Indian education system faces several challenges. One significant challenge is the disparity in access to quality education between urban and rural areas. Many rural schools lack proper infrastructure and trained teachers, hindering the education of countless students.

Another challenge is the pressure of examinations and competition. High-stakes exams can create stress and anxiety among students, which may not always be conducive to their overall development.

The Importance of Vocational Education

Recognizing the need for practical skills, the Indian education system has been gradually incorporating vocational education. Vocational courses provide students with skills that are directly applicable to various industries, making them job-ready upon graduation. This is a positive step towards reducing unemployment and enhancing employability.

The Role of Technology in Indian Education

In recent years, technology has played a significant role in transforming Indian education. E-learning platforms and digital classrooms have made education more accessible and interactive. These innovations bridge the gap between urban and rural students, providing them with valuable resources.

Expert Opinions on Indian Education

Experts in education, such as Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam, the former President of India, have stressed the importance of holistic education. They advocate for a system that not only focuses on academics but also nurtures creativity, critical thinking, and ethical values.

The Journey Towards Educational Reforms

The Indian government has been working on several educational reforms to address the challenges faced by the system. Initiatives like the National Education Policy 2020 aim to provide quality education, promote research and innovation, and reduce the burden of exams.

Conclusion of Essay on Indian Education System

In conclusion, the Indian education system is a complex and evolving landscape. It has its strengths, including its emphasis on STEM subjects and rote learning, and its challenges, such as the rural-urban education divide and exam pressure. However, with ongoing reforms and a focus on holistic education, India is working towards nurturing well-rounded individuals who can contribute to the nation’s growth and prosperity. The Indian education system continues to shape the minds and futures of millions, guided by the vision of a brighter tomorrow.

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Essay on Education System

Updated on
Nov 15, 2023

The future of a country is shaped by its classrooms. Implementing a sound education system based on a holistic approach to learning is quintessential for ensuring that every student gets the best learning environment to flourish. As education is the most important and basic right, everyone should have, it is our moral duty to facilitate the perfect learning environment for our students.

With the educational journey playing the foundation role in one’s career, there are contrary views concerning the type of education system and approaches we need to take. Hence, it has become a frequently asked topic under the essay writing section in school tests as well as competitive exams. To help you with this topic, we have curated a complete guide on how to write an essay on education system, with useful tips and tricks as well as reference samples.

This Blog Includes:

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Generally, the essay topics on education system revolve around analysing a specific education system, its strengths and weaknesses as well as suggesting the solutions for its improvement. You might also be asked about writing an essay on the Education system of India in which you must mention the characteristics of the history of our educational apparatus from the Gurukul Education System to the Current education system in India . You can also take notes from our exclusive blog on the New Education Policy formulated by India with a unique approach to academics. Further, your essay on education system must also imperatively elucidate the key aspects of the system and its salient features as well as an unbiased analysis of its strong characteristics as well as a critical overview of its weak areas where improvement is needed.

Format – Before drafting an essay on education system, you must know about the format of essay writing. Take a look at the following pointers which elaborate upon the general format of writing structured and impressive essays
Introduction -The education system essay introduction should provide an overview of the given topic in the introduction, i.e. highlight the recent instances or questions related to the concerned education system. When it comes to the writing style, the introduction as the first paragraph will set the tone of the whole essay thus make sure that it covers a general outline of your topic
Body of Content – After the introduction, you can start elaborating on the topic of the education system, its role in the development of a country, its key objectives, salient features (if a specific education system is given as a topic) as well as highlight its strong and weak areas. Then, you can further assess how the education system has evolved from earlier times. For example, talk about the history of the education system, and the prominent measures that contributed to its growth, amongst others. Analyse the major points thoroughly according to the essay question and then move towards the next section
Conclusion – The conclusion is the final section as you wrap up your essay underlining the major points you have mentioned. Avoid ending it abruptly, either go for an optimistic touch to it or just summarize what has been mentioned above

The education system in India comprises four levels: pre-primary, primary, secondary and senior secondary system; all these levels are well-structured and developed to systemically introduce students to the subject matter, develop their language and cognitive skills and prepare them for higher education. The Indian education system gives equal value to knowledge-based learning as well as co-curricular. Countries are now rigorously working on providing free access to education. Nowadays, being in school isn’t the same thing as before. Every individual is skilled in different fields and interests with a due focus on the set curriculum. We need a society that is more elevated towards balanced personal and professional growth .

Also Read: Importance of Education in Development

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Education in India – A Detailed Analysis

Last updated on April 21, 2024 by ClearIAS Team

This article is a detailed analysis of the Education System of India.

The post covers various aspects of the problems faced by the Indian Education sector, the Constitutional provisions related to education, and the education policies adopted by modern India.

History of Education in India

India has a rich tradition of imparting knowledge.

The ‘gurukul’ was a type of education system in ancient India with shishya (students) living with the guru in the same house. Nalanda has the oldest university system of education in the world. Students from across the world were attracted to Indian knowledge systems.

Many branches of the knowledge system had their origin in India. Education was considered a higher virtue in ancient India.

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However, the renaissance and scientific thinking as happened in Europe didn’t happen in India at that time.

The British who took control of the Indian affairs by that time had different priorities. Education in British India initially lagged a lot.

However, later, the British established the modern education system still followed in India. They replaced age-old systems of education in the country with English ways .

Still, the education system in India needs a lot of reforms.

Current Status of Education in India: Data from Census 2011

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Literacy rate in India as per Census 2011: 74%.
Literacy rate: Male: 82.1%; Female: 65.5%
Kerala tops the rankings, followed by Delhi, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu.
Bihar is the lowest among states, followed by Arunachal Pradesh, Rajasthan, Jharkhand, etc., however, they are improving their position.
Bihar has a literacy rate of 63.8%, and that of women is 53.3%.
Literacy rates for both adults as well as youths have increased, still, the absolute number of illiterates in India is as much as India’s population was at the time of independence.
The gender gap in terms of literacy began to narrow first in 1991 and the pace has accelerated, however still lags far behind the global female literacy rate of 7% (UNESCO 2015).
There are large state variations in the gender gap.
However, during 2001 – 2011, the male literacy rate increased by 6 percentage points but female literacy increased by nearly 12 percentage points. Achievement in female literacy in Bihar is noteworthy: from 33% in 2001 to 53% in 2011.
Be that as it may, India is still lagging behind the world literacy rate of 86.3%(UNESCO 2015). A major group of states lies in the average rank i.e. just above the national level of 64.8 percent.

Indian Education System: The Present Pyramidal Structure

The Indian education system can broadly be considered as a pyramidal structure:

Pre-primary level: 5-6 years of age.
Primary (elementary) level: 6-14 years of age. Elementary-level education is guaranteed by our constitution under Article 21 A . For this level, the government has introduced Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) under the Right To Education(RTE) Act.
Secondary level: Age group between 14-18. For this level, the government has extended SSA to secondary education in the form of the Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan .
Higher education: generally of three levels: UG→ PG→ MPhil/PhD. To cater to the requirements of higher education, the government has introduced Rashtriya Uchhattar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA).

Read: Examination System in India

Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) related to Education

Goal 4 of SDG : Education for all – ensures equitable, inclusive, and quality education along with the promotion of lifelong learning opportunities for all by 2030.

Provisions in the Indian Constitution related to Education

Under Article 45 in DPSP , it was mentioned that the government should provide free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14 years within 10 years from the commencement of the Constitution. As this was not achieved, Article 21A was introduced by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002 , making elementary education a fundamental right rather than a directive principle. Article 45 was amended to provide for early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years.
To implement Article 21A, the government legislated the RTE Act. Under this act, SSA – Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan – got a further impetus. SSA aims to provide Universalization of Elementary Education (UEE) in a time-bound manner.
SSA has been operational since 2000-2001. Its roots go back to 1993-1994 when the District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) was launched. However, under the RTE Act, it got legal backing.

RTE Act 2009

86th Amendment Act 2002 introduced Article 21-A, which provides for free and compulsory education of all children in the age group of six to fourteen years as a Fundamental Right.
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (RTE) Act was enacted to implement this fundamental right.

Provisions of the RTE Act

‘Compulsory education’ means an obligation of the government to provide free elementary education and ensure compulsory admission, attendance, and completion of elementary education.
Provision for a non-admitted child to be admitted to an age-appropriate class.
Rational deployment of teachers, ensuring that there is no urban-rural imbalance in their postings.
Prohibition of deployment of teachers for non-educational work, other than services like decennial census, elections, etc.
It prohibits (a) physical punishment and mental harassment (b) screening procedures for admission of children (c) capitation fees (d) private tuition by teachers (e) running of schools without recognition.
Development of curriculum in consonance with the values enshrined in the constitution, ensuring all-around development of the child, building a system of child-friendly and child-centered learning.
To further inclusiveness, 25% reservation is provided for disadvantaged students in private schools.

Criticisms of the RTE Act

Even though the RTE + SSA have increased access to schools, resulting in a high enrollment rate, dropout rates increased in tandem. However, there is inadequate attention given to this scenario.
There is a fear of financial burden on the government for teacher recruitment and training.
The grey area of teacher transfer is also not helping the cause.
Since all state holidays are not relevant for all localities, such a calendar preparation by local authorities can increase attendance and can also encourage local panchayats to take ownership of schools.
RTE students in private schools are paying extra fees as the schools claim that the government fund provided for the same is not adequate.
Most private schools treat RTE as charity and demand that the onus of universalizing education should be on the government’s head rather than putting pressure on them.
70% of students are in government schools. So it must be fixed in priority, by providing infrastructure , teacher quality , and targeted learning for children from disadvantaged groups to provide an equitable education system.
Under the RTE Act, till class 8, students should not be failed in exams. This is called the No detention policy. It had reduced dropout rates.
There is growing criticism of the policy resulting in reducing the quality of elementary education. Hence the RTE Act was amended to scrap the policy.
RTE Act prioritized schooling of children only from the age of 6, thus ignoring pre-school education. Kothari Commission had recommended the establishment of a center for the development of pre-primary education in each district.
District Information System for Education (DISE) report states that 30% of primary and 15% of upper primary schools have higher PTRs.
According to the Economic Survey 2018-19, the PTR at the national level for primary schools is 23 and 27 for secondary schools. Thus PTR appears to be satisfactory, as there are sufficient teachers. However, the main issue is a balanced deployment of teachers based on student strength.
Even though the Student-Classroom ratio (SCR) improved in almost all of the States, there is disparity across the country.

Modern Education in India: The Evolution of the System through various policies

The British government had introduced modern education in India. From Macaulay’s minutes to Wood’s dispatch to several commissions like the Sadler Commission, 1904 Indian education policy, etc. built the foundation of the Indian education system during the colonial period.

Radhakrishnan committee

In 1948-49, the University Education Commission was constituted under Radhakrishnan . It molded the education system based on the needs of an independent India. The pre-Independent Indian education value system was catering to colonial masters. There was a need to replace Macaulayism with the Indian value system. ( Macaulayism is the policy of eliminating indigenous culture through the planned substitution of the alien culture of a colonizing power via the education system). Some of the values mentioned in the commission were:

Wisdom and Knowledge
Aims of the Social Order : the desired social order for which youths are being educated.
Love for higher values in life
Training for Leadership

The Independent Indian education system developed along the lines of this value framework. In the present times, where there are imminent threats of political ideologies hijacking the pedagogy of education and commercialization of education eroding value systems, it is appreciable to dust off the values promulgated by the commission. A recent controversial circular by the Central University of Kerala (CUK), directing that research topics for Ph.D. students must be by ‘national priorities’, and research in ‘irrelevant topics’ and ‘privilege areas’ must be discouraged, is a case in point.

Kothari commission

If the Radhakrishnan committee charted out the value system of the Indian education system, it was the Kothari Commission that provided the basic framework of the same. The commission provided for:

Standardization of educational system on 10+2+3 pattern.
Emphasized the need to make work experience and social/national service an integral part of education.
Linking of colleges to several schools in the neighborhood.
Equalization of opportunities to all and to achieve social and national integration .
Neighborhood school system without social or religious segregation and a s chool complex system integrating primary and secondary levels of education.
Establishment of Indian Education Service.
On-the-job training of the teaching staff and efforts to raise the status of the teachers to attract talents into the profession.
To raise expenditure on education from 2.9% of the GDP to 6% by 1985.

This committee report paved the way for the National Educational Policy 1968 which provided the base and roadmap for further development of the education system in India.

National Educational Policy 1968

The policy provided for “radical restructuring” and equalization of educational opportunities to achieve national integration and greater cultural and economic development.
Increase public expenditure on education to 6% of GDP.
Provide for better training and qualification of teachers.
Three-language formula : state governments should implement the study of a modern Indian language, preferably one of the southern languages, apart from Hindi and English in the Hindi-speaking states, and of Hindi along with the regional language and English in the non-Hindi-speaking states. Hindi was encouraged uniformly to promote a common language for all Indians.

National Educational Policy 1985

The policy aimed at the removal of disparities and to equalize educational opportunities, especially for women, SC and ST.
Launching of “Operation Blackboard” to improve primary schools nationwide.
IGNOU, the Open University, was formed.
Adoption of the “rural university” model , based on the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi, to promote economic and social development at the grassroots level in rural India.

T.S.R.Subramanium committee report

ECCE is inconsistent across states. So all government schools should have facilities for pre-primary education, which would facilitate pre-school education by the government instead of the private sector.
The policy of no detention should be upheld only till class five and not till class eight.
There is a steep rise in teacher shortage, absenteeism, and grievances.
Need to constitute an Autonomous Teacher Recruitment Board.
Four years integrated B.Ed. the course should be introduced.
There is an inadequate integration of information technology (IT) and the education sector.
The National Skills Qualification Framework should be scaled up.
The choice of vocational courses should be in line with local opportunities and resources .
Bringing formal certification for vocational education at par with conventional education certificates.
All India Education Service.
Existing separate laws governing individual regulators in higher education should be replaced by the said act.
The role of existing regulatory bodies like UGC and AICTE should be revised.
National Accreditation Board (NAB) subsuming the existing accreditation bodies.

Kasturirangan Report On School Education (Draft National Education Policy)

For restructuring the education system in India, the government is preparing to roll out a New Education Policy that will cater to Indian needs in the 4th Industrial Revolution by making use of its demographic dividend. Committee for Draft National Education Policy (chaired by Dr. K. Kasturirangan) submitted its report on May 31, 2019.

You can read about the National Education Policy 2020 in detail here .

School Education:

Low accessibility.
The curriculum doesn’t meet the developmental needs of children.
Lack of qualified and trained teachers.
Substandard pedagogy.
Currently, most early childhood education is delivered through anganwadis and private preschools. However, there has been less focus on the educational aspects of early childhood.
Guidelines for up to three-year-old children.
Educational framework for three to eight-year-old children.
This would be implemented by improving and expanding the Anganwadi system and co-locating anganwadis with primary schools.
Expanding the ambit of the Act to all children between the ages of three to 18 years, thus including early childhood education and secondary school education.
There should be no detention of children till class eight. Instead, schools must ensure that children are achieving age-appropriate learning levels.
The current structure of school education is to be restructured based on the development needs of students.
10+2+3 structure to be replaced by 5-3-3-4 design comprising: (i) five years of foundational stage (three years of pre-primary school and classes one and two), (ii) three years of preparatory stage (classes three to five), (iii) three years of middle stage (classes six to eight), and (iv) four years of secondary stage (classes nine to 12).
The current education system solely focuses on rote learning. The curriculum load should be reduced to its essential core content.
Force students to concentrate only on a few subjects.
Do not test learning in a formative manner.
Cause stress among students.
To track students’ progress throughout their school experience, State Census Examinations in classes three, five, and eight should be established.
Restructure the board examinations to test only the core concept. These board examinations will be on a range of subjects. The students can choose their subjects and the semester when they want to take these board exams. The in-school final examinations may be replaced by these board examinations.
Although establishing primary schools in every habitation has increased access to education, it has led to the development of very small schools making it operationally complex. Hence the multiple public schools should be brought together to form a school complex .
A complex will consist of one secondary school (classes nine to twelve) and all the public schools in its neighborhood that offer education from pre-primary to class eight.
These will also include anganwadis, vocational education facilities, and an adult education center.
Each school complex will be a semi-autonomous unit providing integrated education across all stages from early childhood to secondary education.
This will ensure that resources such as infrastructure and trained teachers can be efficiently shared across a school complex.
A steep rise in a teacher shortage, lack of professionally qualified teachers, and deployment of teachers for non-educational purposes have plagued the system.
Teachers should be deployed with a particular school complex for at least five to seven years.
They will not be allowed to participate in any non-teaching activities during school hours.
Existing B.Ed. the program will be replaced by a four-year integrated B.Ed. program that combines high-quality content, pedagogy, and practical training. An integrated continuous professional development will also be developed for all subjects.
Separating the regulation of schools from aspects such as policymaking, school operations, and academic development.
Independent State School Regulatory Authority for each state will prescribe basic uniform standards for public and private schools.
The Department of Education of the State will formulate policy and conduct monitoring and supervision.

Higher Education

According to the All India Survey on Higher Education , the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education in India has increased from 20.8% in 2011-12 to 25.8% in 2017-18. Lack of access is a major reason behind the low intake of higher education. The policy aims to increase GER to 50% by 2035.
Multiple regulators with overlapping mandates reduce the autonomy of higher educational institutions and create an environment of dependency and centralized decision-making.
The National Higher Education Regulatory Authority (NHERA) should replace the existing individual regulators in higher education. Thus the role of all professional councils such as AICTE would be limited to setting standards for professional practice. The role of the UGC will be limited to providing grants.
Separate the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) from the UGC into an independent and autonomous body. It will function as the top-level accreditor and will issue licenses to different accreditation institutions. All existing higher education institutions should be accredited by 2030.
Replacing the current system of establishing higher educational institutions by Parliament or state legislatures. Instead, institutions can be set up through a Higher Education Institution Charter from NHERA.
Research universities focus equally on research and teaching.
Universities focus primarily on teaching.
Colleges focus only on teaching at undergraduate levels.
All such institutions will gradually move towards full autonomy.
Total investment in research and innovation in India has declined from 0.84% of GDP in 2008 to 0.69% in 2014. India also lags behind many nations in the number of researchers, patents, and publications.
NRF will act as an autonomous body for funding, mentoring, and building the capacity for quality research.
Undergraduate programs should be made interdisciplinary by redesigning their curriculum to include: a common core curriculum; and one/two area(s) of specialization.
Introduce four-year undergraduate programs in Liberal Arts.
By the next five years, five Indian Institutes of Liberal Arts must be set up as model multidisciplinary liberal arts institutions.
Poor service conditions and heavy teaching loads, augmented by a lack of autonomy and no clear career progression system, have resulted in low faculty motivation.
Introduction of a Continuous Professional Development program and permanent employment track system for faculty in all higher education institutions by 2030.
The student-teacher ratio of not more than 30:1 must be ensured.
All higher education institutions must have complete autonomy on curricular, pedagogical, and resource-related matters.

Read: Institutions of Eminence Scheme

Additional Key Focus Areas:

Additional key focus areas are (1) Technology in Education (2) Vocational Education (3) Adult Education and (4) the Promotion of Indian Languages.

Technology in Education

Improving the classroom process of teaching, learning, and evaluation
Aiding teacher training.
Improving access to education.
Improving the overall planning, administration, and management of the entire education system.
Electrification of all educational institutions paves the way for technology induction.
An autonomous body, the National Education Technology Forum, set up under the Mission, will facilitate decision-making on the use of technology.
Single online digital repository to make available copyright-free educational resources in multiple languages.

Vocational Education

Less than 5% of the workforce in the age group of 19-24 receives vocational education in India, in contrast to 52% in the USA, 75% in Germany and 96% in South Korea.
Vocational courses : All school students must receive vocational education in at least one vocation in grades 9 to 12.
Higher Education Institutions must offer vocational courses that are integrated into undergraduate education programs.
The draft Policy targets to offer vocational education to up to 50% of the total enrolment in higher education institutions by 2025, up from the present level of enrolment of below 10%.
National Committee for the Integration of Vocational Education for charting out plans for the above objectives.

Adult Education

As per Census 2011, India had a total of 26.5 crore adult non-literate (15 years and above).

Establishing an autonomous Central Institute of Adult Education as a constituent unit of NCERT. It will develop a National Curriculum Framework for adult education.
Adult Education Centers will be included within the school complexes.
Relevant courses are made available at the National Institute of Open Schooling.
National Adult Tutors Programme to build a cadre of adult education instructors and managers.

Education and Indian Languages

The medium of instruction must be the mother tongue until grade 5, and preferably until grade 8.
3 language formula be continued and flexibility in the implementation of the formula should be provided. Implementation of the formula needs to be strengthened, particularly in Hindi-speaking states. Schools in Hindi-speaking areas should also teach Indian languages from other parts of India for national integration.
To promote Indian languages, a National Institute for Pali, Persian, and Prakrit will be set up.
The mandate of the Commission for Scientific and Technical Terminology will be expanded to include all fields and disciplines to strengthen vocabulary in Indian languages.

Transforming Education

The policy talked about the synergistic functioning of India’s education system, to deliver equity and excellence at all levels, from vision to implementation, led by a new Rashtriya Shiksha Aayog.

Education Governance

Revitalize education governance by bringing in synergy and coordination among the different ministries, departments, and agencies.

Constitute the National Education Commission or Rashtriya Shiksha Aayog, as an apex body for education headed by the Prime Minister. It would be responsible for developing, implementing, evaluating, and revising the vision of education and overseeing the implementation and functioning of bodies including the National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), National Higher Education Regulatory Authority, and National Research Foundation.
The Ministry of Human Resources and Development must be renamed the Ministry of Education to bring the focus back on education.

Financing Education

The Draft Policy reaffirmed the commitment to spending 6% of GDP as a public investment in education.
The draft Policy seeks to double the public investment in education from the current 10% of total public expenditure to 20% in the next 10 years. 5% will be utilized for higher education, 2% in school education, and 1.4% for early childhood care and education.
There should be optimal and timely utilization of funds through the institutional development plans and by plugging loopholes in the disbursement of funds.

Criticism of the New Education Policy of India

The New Education Policy lacks operational details.
It is not clear from where the funding will be sourced.
Enough importance is not given to innovation, startup culture or economic principles to be added to the curriculum.
One-size-fits for all states can’t be a solution as each state in India is diverse in its educational needs. Controversy on NEET has shown this.
With technological advancement and the democratization of knowledge, the policy should have focused more on how to teach rather than what to teach.
Economic Survey 2017-18 mentioned the perils of the distinction between research institutions and universities in higher education. The policy recommendation of three distinct higher education institutions of research universities, teaching universities, and teaching colleges will further augment the gap between research and universities.
The draft policy is silent on the Institutions of Eminence and agencies like the Higher Education Funding Agency.
The role of Rashtriya Shiksha Aayog should be defined clearly. What would be its role vis-a-vis existing regulators? Also, there are criticisms from some quarters that RSA will open the door to the politicization of education.
Earlier the 3-language formula proposed by the draft policy made Hindi compulsory in non-Hindi speaking states. However, after the furor, the proposal was removed.
Even though the policy talks about bringing “unrepresented groups” into school and focusing on educationally lagging “ special education zones” , it doesn’t comprehensively address the inequalities prevalent in the system. It misses methods to bridge the gaps between rich and poor children.
The policy proposes to remove the provision mandating that primary schools be within stipulated distance from students’ homes and common minimum infrastructure and facility standards that should be met by all schools. If a common minimum standard is not specified, it will create an environment where quality in some schools will fall further thus augmenting the inequalities between schools across the country.

India’s education history is rich with ambitious policies failing at the altar of inadequate implementation of the same. In the absence of a handholding mechanism for states to embark on the path-breaking reforms mentioned in the policy and that too in a short time, will be too much to ask.

Funding requirements and governance architecture pose major challenges in the implementation of the policy. Political commitment is required to increase funding. RTE Act expansion to include preschool should keep in mind the present infrastructure inadequacies and teacher vacancies.

Rashtriya Shiksha Aayog may face administrative problems and turf battles. Also, it will raise questions on the role of new bodies like the National Medical Council.

The recent controversy on 3 language formula shows the sensitivity of language education in India and care should be taken to appreciate the emotional overtures while implementing the same.

Politically acceptability, social desirability, technological feasibility, financial viability, administratively doability, and judicially tenability are 6 pillars that will impact the implementation of the policy.

Be that as it may, the new education policy aims to address the challenges of (i) access, (ii) equity, (iii) quality, (iv) affordability, and (v) accountability faced by the current education system. It aims to revitalize and equip the education system to meet the challenges of the 21st century and 4th industrial revolution rather than catering to 19th and 20th century needs of industrialization. Also, India is on the cusp of a demographic dividend, rather than entered into this phase. So the education system catering to these needs is not a luxury that we hope for but rather a dire need at this moment in Indian history.

The Problems associated with the Education System in India

HRD ministry: Over 1.4 million schools and 50,000 higher educational institutions are operating in India. Out of 907 universities, there are 399 state universities, 126 deemed-to-be universities, 48 central and 334 private universities.

Even after more than a hundred years of “ Gokhale’s Bill”1911, where universal primary education was originally mooted, India is yet to achieve this goal.
China had achieved it in the 1970s. As per Census 2011, over 26% of India’s population is still illiterate, compared to 4% in China. About 50% of India’s population has only primary education or less, compared to 38% in China. The 13% of the population with tertiary education at the upper end in India is comparable with China.
Progress has been made in respect of female participation up to secondary level and GER for girls has exceeded that of boys.
But the girl’s enrollment rate is lower than that of boys at the higher education level.
A gap is visible across social categories in terms of enrollment rate at the higher education level.
According to NSSO’s 71st round (2014), drop-out rates are very high for boys at the secondary school level. Reasons for the same are economic activities, lack of interest in education, and financial constraints.
The transition rate from secondary school to senior secondary and further to higher education is very low.

Despite these highly ambitious education policies and elaborate deliberations on the same, the outcomes are rather shaky. Major criticisms and shortcomings of these policies and their implementations are:

Half the population is crowded at the bottom, either illiterate or with only primary education. Meanwhile, a disproportionately large segment is at the upper end with tertiary education.
The 2015 Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) reflects this deteriorating quality. The report opines that deficits in foundational reading and arithmetic skills are cumulative, which leaves students grossly handicapped for further education .
India had fared poorly in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) test in 2008, and 09.
Education policies in India are focused on inputs rather than on learning outcomes.
Teacher shortages.
Local politics.
Corruption in teacher appointment.
Defects in teacher training.
Socio-cultural factors like caste division, and cynical attitude towards the teaching profession.
There is no accountability, as there is a guaranteed lifetime job independent of performance.
From 1952-2012 , education expenditure as a percentage of total government expenditure increased from 7.92 to 11.7, and as a percentage of GDP increased from 0.64 to 3.31. But it has still not reached 6% of GDP, as was recommended by the Kothari Commission way back in 1964.
Expenditure by the government on elementary education is more than tertiary level, but expenditure per student is more in tertiary. So there is a need to increase expenditure in all segments.
All India survey on higher education has shown that in West Bengal Muslim students in universities are very low. Lack of education at the primary and secondary levels is said to be the main reason.
Even though Article 15(4),(5) provides reservations for SC, ST, and OBC in higher education institutions , the Economic Survey 2018-19 points out their inadequate representation in these institutions.
The suicide of Rohit Vemula, a Ph.D. scholar at the University of Hyderabad, in 2016 had brought forward the discrimination still existing in these institutions.
Also, the representation of teachers at these levels is skewed against the backward class in spite of reservations. Article 16(4) provides for reservations of backward class in jobs.
At the school level, poor children are primarily concentrated in government schools. The poor quality of government schools thus disproportionately affects these children and creates a vicious cycle of illiteracy.
At the higher education level, the situation is more critical. One reason for the introduction of the National Medical Commission Bill is to curb the exorbitant fees charged by medical colleges.
Youths coming out of the higher education system in India are not employable, as they lack relevant industry-level skills.
India’s long-standing neglect of primary and secondary education has limited access to quality basic education. No skill development program can succeed without an underlying foundation of basic education.
National Policy on Skill Development and Entrepreneurship 2015 (PMKVY) has shown disappointing results.
Budget 2019-20 stated that the government enables about 10 million youth to take up industry-relevant skill training through the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY). The Budget has also increased focus on ‘new-age skills’ like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, 3D Printing, Virtual Reality, and Robotic.
Currently, B Tech courses in AI are offered mostly in premier institutions only.
The budget 2019-20 proposed the National Sports Education Board for the development of sportspersons under the Khelo India program (2017).

Now we will look at each rung of the education ladder in India.

Early childhood education

Early childhood education (ECE) is needed for cognitive development in the early stage.
Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) has a component for providing ECE through Anganwadis . But lack of effective regulation in this sector is eroding the quality of ECE.
There is a National Early Childhood Care and Education Policy 2013 . However, the policy has not been properly implemented.
There are multiple service providers but there is no clarity in the types of services provided.
The sprawling of an unregulated private channel, both organized and unorganized, which is also spreading to rural areas, has led to inequitable access, uneven quality, and commercialization of ECE.
Both Anganwadis and private schools focus on reading, writing, and arithmetic rather than cognitive and conceptual development.
There is a decline in the quality and training of teachers.
S.R. Subramanian’s committee report has brought focus to the quality deterioration in this sector.

Primary level

There is an increasing trend of parents choosing private schools for the primary level. However, there is variable quality in private schools. Also, fees vary from school to school and are on the higher side.
Eschew rigid curricula and make them more cognitive and flexible. There should be a broader cognitive approach than rote learning.
There is a need for activity-based learning. Teachers should teach at the right level, rather than teaching for the average learner.
The government has launched Padhe Bharat Bade Bharat – targeting early reading and writing. The twin-track approach of comprehension and math is the main focus.
There is a supply-side problem . The government is pumping funds through government schools thus increasing the number of schools and thus enrollment. However, quality and inclusiveness have dropped and dropout rates increased. These lead to poor learning outcomes.

School Complex

RTE and SSA have resulted in over-access but low-quality primary-level education. Now the aim should be to integrate these into school complexes, as mentioned by the Kasturirangan committee report, thus rationalizing the number of schools in an area.
The ‘Adarsh’ integrated school system of Rajasthan is an example of a school complex system . Here one school provides classes from l to XII under one principal. There is one such school in every gram panchayat.
This is an efficient way to solve teacher shortages and also to address the shortages of secondary schools. It can also address the problem of resource scarcity by integrating and rationalizing resources.
Inclusive learning can be furthered through school.
Also, these complexes can act as a pivot around which new reforms in education can be implemented.

Secondary level

ASER Rural 2017: In 2017, ASER changed the age group of the survey from primary level to secondary level. The report mentions the following:

Enrollment is low in this age group. There is a high digital divide at this level. Low quality also persists at this level. There is a high amount of absenteeism as well.
There is a need to expand RTE to cover the 14-18 age groups.
To realize the demographic dividend, skill education for these groups is necessary.

Economic Survey 2018-19 points out that Indian demography is changing and it requires more quality secondary education system rather than merely an increasing number of primary-level schools.

Private fees

The vagueness in the judgment regarding ‘reasonable surplus’ and ‘commercialization’ of education has watered down the outcome of the judgment.
There are state laws for capping fees. However, implementation problems and litigation make them ineffective.
CAG report mentioned misreporting and mismanagement by private schools. So laws should address this problem through stricter inspection, penalties, etc.

Higher education

There is an increasing number of higher education institutions but their quality is questionable, effectively making ‘islands of excellence amidst the sea of mediocrity. Increased accessibility to a low-quality higher education system has made democratization of mediocrity.

Raghuram Rajan, the ex-RBI governor, argued that India needs idea factories and universities by leveraging India’s inherent strengths like tolerance, diversity, etc. He said that there is a need for strong accreditation agencies and continuing education.

Problems of the higher education system in India

There is a dual problem of both quality and quantity. The gross enrollment ratio (GER) in higher education is only 24.5.
Even though education policy had an elitist bias in favor of higher education, the state of the same is much worse than the state of school education. Unlike school education, there is no national survey of the learning levels of college students.
The desired levels of research and internationalization of Indian campuses remain weak points.
Also, there is a low philanthropic investment in this sector. This creates an exclusive dependency on government funding by universities. This, in turn, reduces the autonomy and vision of these universities.
Privatization of higher education has not been led by philanthropy but the commercial interest that does not have a symbiotic relationship with the vision of universities.
These have led to inadequate human capacity, shoddy infrastructure, and weak institutions. Recommendations of the Narayana Murthy committee, on the role of the corporate sector in higher education, have not been implemented and thus channeling of CSR funds to higher education remains inadequate.
Banks and financial institutions are not giving adequate attention to this area. Giving PSL status to these institutions can be considered.
Indian higher education system is of a linear model with very little focus on specialization.
UGC and AICTE act more as controllers of education than facilitators.
Due to the mushrooming of colleges at a higher rate since the 1980s , there is a regulatory sprawl in higher education.
Poor governance , with mindless over-regulation , is widespread in this sector. Educational institutions responded to this with claims of academic and institutional autonomy for themselves, which was mostly a smokescreen for a culture of sloth in these institutions.
There is a concentration of powers, as these regulatory institutions control all aspects like accreditation, curriculum setting, professional standard-setting, funding, etc.
Compartmentalization and fragmentation of the knowledge system.
Disconnect with society.
Overemphasis on entrance tests.
Absence of innovation in learning methods.
Corrosion of autonomy of universities.
For long basic disciplines across the physical and social sciences and humanities were ignored.
However, the Economic Survey 2017-18 mentioned that there is an increase in Ph.D. enrolment in India in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) due to efforts by the government to increase the number and quantum of fellowships. However, there are still fewer researchers in India in comparison to other countries.
Budget 2019-20 proposes ‘Study in India’ with a focus on bringing foreign students to higher educational institutions in India to make India a “hub of higher education.”
Higher education institutions are used as rewards for loyalists and channels of graft by political parties in power.
Indian higher education system is plagued by unregulated and shoddy coaching institutions. The coaching industry makes around Rs. 24000 crores a year in India. Proper regulation of the same is required.

Research and development (R&D)

Economic Survey 2017-18 stated: “To transform from net consumer to net producer of knowledge, India should invest in educating its youth in science and mathematics, reform the way R&D is conducted, engage the private sector and the Indian diaspora, and take a more mission-driven approach in areas such as dark matter, genomics, energy storage, agriculture, and mathematics and cyber-physical systems”.

Although Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD) is consistently increasing, as a fraction of GDP it has been stagnant between 0.6-0.7 percent of GDP over the past two decades.
The universities play a relatively small role in the research activities in India. There is a disconnection between research institutes and universities. This results in the compartmentalization of research activities and teaching into two separate silos.
The separation of research from teaching leads to a situation where universities have students but need additional faculty support, while research institutes have qualified faculty but are starved of young students.
India was, at one point, spending more on R&D as a percentage of GDP than countries like China – but currently, India under-spends on R&D.
Doubling of R&D spending is necessary and much of the increase should come from the private sector and universities.

The need of the hour

It is imperative to improve math and cognitive skills at the school level to make a difference at a higher level.
There is a need to expand R&D in India and to go beyond paper presentations and patents to a broader contribution of providing value for society.
There is also a need to encourage Investigator-led Research for funding science research. Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) 2008, a statutory body of DST, is a step in the right direction.
50:50 partnerships with SERB for industry-relevant research under the Ucchatar Avishkar Yojana (UAY) is the right way to go forward.
It would strengthen state universities and provide knowledge in areas specific to a state.
National Research Foundation, to fund, coordinate, and promote research at the college level, is proposed by the Kasturirangan report. It is reiterated in Budget 2019-20 : NRF will ensure the overall research ecosystem in the country is strengthened with a focus on areas relevant to national priorities without duplication of effort and expenditure. The funds available with all Ministries will be integrated into NRF.
Link national labs to universities and create new knowledge ecosystems. Together they can link up with the commercial sectors and help develop industrial clusters.
National Mission on Dark Matter
National Mission on Genomics
National Mission on Energy Storage Systems
National Mission on Mathematics
National Mission on Cyber-Physical Systems
National Mission on Agriculture
Ramanujan Fellowship Scheme.
Innovation in Science Pursuit for Inspired Research ( INSPIRE ) Faculty Scheme.
Ramalingaswami Re-entry Fellowship.
Visiting Advanced Joint Research Faculty Scheme ( VAJRA ).
Improve the culture of research thus ‘ ease of doing research’. There is a need for less hierarchical governance systems that encourage risk-taking and curiosity in the pursuit of excellence.
Greater public engagement of the science and research establishment is needed. A greater effort at science communication is needed.

Government initiatives on higher education

The government is trying to revitalize the Indian higher education system and for this many initiatives have been launched. Let’s discuss the importance of them.

National Testing Agency (NTA) 2017

NTA was set up for conducting entrance exams in higher educational institutions. It is based on the recommendations of the Ashok Mishra committee on IIT entrance 2015.
It will conduct JEE, NEET, National Eligibility Test (NET), Common Management Admission Test (CMAT), and Graduate Pharmacy Aptitude Test (GPAT).
It will provide diversity and plurality in higher education. It will also ensure independence and transparency in conducting the exams.
However, it should be ensured that the computer-based test should not lead to further exploitation of rural students.
NEET stands for National Eligibility cum Entrance Test . It is for admissions in medical courses by replacing a plethora of medical entrance tests with one national-level test.
Supreme Court had said that NEET should be the sole basis for admission to medical courses.
There is a controversy about whether urban and CBSE students will dominate NEET. The government should pay heed to this criticism.
In Tamil Nadu doctors serving in rural areas get weightage in PG admission. NEET will effectively dislodge this system.
This controversy brought forward the conflict between the fair and transparent system of admission to curb the commercialization of medical education and the socioeconomic goals of the state, which in the case of Tamil Nadu includes ensuring enough doctors for rural areas.
Controversy on NEET has brought the following question to the limelight: should uniformity be thrust upon a country with such vast disparity and diversity? The political leadership should iron out the differences and produce a suitable admission policy. This task should not be left to the judiciary.
Be that as it may, states can’t remain insulated from the need to upgrade their education standard.

RUSA: Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan 2013

About 94 % of students in higher education study in 369 State universities, whereas less than 6% of students study in 150 Centrally-funded institutions.
11th 5-year plan (2007-12) opined that the center’s bias towards premier central institutions had skewed funding for these institutions mainly and thus neglected state-level institutions.
State investment in higher education was declining. UGC’s system of direct release of funds to State institutions bypassing State governments also leads to a sense of alienation for the states.
RUSA tried to correct this bias. The scheme aims at financing state institutions concerning their governance and performance.
RUSA has shown the result in increasing the performance of state institutions and changing the way regulators function for the good. State Higher Education Council(SHEC) made medium-long-term state perspective plans.
Cabinet in 2018 decided to continue the scheme. A renewed focus by the center on RUSA will be a success only if it is impartially administered and states are willing to heed the advice of SHEC.

HECI: Higher Education Commission of India bill

On the recommendation of the Yashpal Committee 2010 for renovation and rejuvenation of higher education, the National Commission on Higher Education and Research bill was introduced but was not passed.
HECI was proposed to act as an overarching regulator of higher education by replacing UGC, which will maintain academic standards, approve new educational institutions, etc. but with no funding powers.
Draft Higher Education Commission of India (Repeal of University Grants Commission Act) Bill, 2018 was introduced in 2018. Budget 2019-20 proposed to bring a bill on HECI this year.
The draft bill had separated funding and placed it under MHRD. This was criticized for the fear of increasing political control and reducing the autonomy of universities.

IoE: Institutions of Eminence 2017

Around 2005, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings and the QS World University Rankings started, and in 2009 the Academic Ranking of World Universities started. From India, only the Indian Institute of Science was included in the top 500 every year. This prompted the government to introduce NIRF and IoE.
Under IoE, UGC was tasked to select 10 government universities and 10 private ones as IoE. These would be given autonomy in operations.
Selected government institutions would be provided with ₹1,000 crore over five years.
The IoE tag is expected to help them achieve the world’s top 500 higher education institutions in a decade and later into the top 100.
Institutes among the top 50 in the National Institute Ranking Framework rankings or in the top 500 in international ratings were eligible.
The model for the sector remains dependent on state patronage.
Entry into the global education race could now become an overriding concern when many systemic issues are plaguing the sector.
Funding only for public institutions is discriminatory.
Humanities institutions were neglected.
Transparency in the selection process, and the public sharing of benchmarks and guidelines. The furor over the selection of Jio Institute, even before it functioned, had attracted many eyeballs and criticisms.
Separate category to include sectoral institutions like IIM.

National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) 2015

NIRF is a methodology adopted by the MHRD to rank higher education institutions in India.

NIRF is common for public and private institutions as well as state and central institutions. Comparison of state-level colleges with central and private colleges may lead to a vicious cycle of low funding, poor performance, and low ranks among state-level institutions because of the resource gap.
So performance index values should be normalized concerning investments and resources that have gone into that institution. Also should consider making another ranking system for state-level institutions.

HEFA: Higher Education Financing Agency 2018

Introduced in Budget 2018-19, HEFA is a joint venture of MHRD and Canara Bank

With an initial capital base of Rs 1,000 crores, it will act as a not-for-profit organization that will leverage funds from the market and supplement them with donations and CSR funds. These funds will be used to finance improvement in infrastructure in top institutions.
It has been tasked with raising ₹1 lakh crore to finance infrastructure improvements in higher education by 2022.

Foreign Education Providers Bill 2013

There is no account of programs delivered by foreign universities in India. Inadequate regulation has led to low-quality courses offered in this sector.
The foreign Institution bill was not been able to pass in Parliament. However,

EQUIP report has mentioned the revival of this bill.

There are many other schemes and initiatives like SWAYAM, which offers open online courses from Class IX to post-graduation free of cost, GIAN and IMPRINT which are primarily focused on elite institutes like IITs and IISc.

APAAR: One Nation One Student ID Card

The Automated Permanent Academic Account Registry (APAAR) is a transformative initiative introduced in alignment with the National Education Policy (NEP) of 2020 and the National Credit and Qualifications Framework (NCrF).

It aims to provide a unified and accessible academic experience for students across India by assigning a unique and permanent 12-digit ID to every student, consolidating their academic achievements in one place.

Other Major Issues connected with the Education sector in India

The Indian education sector is also affected by other issues like the politicization of campuses, gender parity problems, poor-quality standards, etc.

Politicization of campuses

JP movement had provided an impetus to the politicization of students.
In Indian higher education institutions, university politics has become a launchpad for political ambitions.
Though campus politics is vital for democracy, as it makes students better citizens, the negative side of the politicization of campuses has been visible across Indian campuses. Recent incidents at Kerala University are a case in point.
One of the most important problems of student politics in India is that it acts as an appendage to political parties without having an independent identity or autonomy.

Gender Parity

By parents → who send boys to private and girls to government schools. Economic Survey 2018-19: enrollment of girls is higher than that of boys in government schools but the pattern gets reversed in private schools. The gender gap in enrollment in private schools has consistently increased across age groups.
By teachers → who reinforced the belief that boys are quick learners.
Girls are eased out of school to work on home chores or get married.
Economic Survey 2018-19 opines that BBBP has been a success and proposes to extend the cause of Gender equality by coining the slogan of BADLAV (Beti Aapki Dhan Lakshmi Aur Vijay-Lakshmi) to enhance the contribution of women in the workforce and the economy.
For ranking states based on gender disparity, Digital Gender Atlas for Advancing Girl’s Education was launched by MHRD.
In higher education, gender disparities still prevail in enrollment.
Efforts by the Government through programs like Beti Padhao, and Beti Bachao, the GPI has improved substantially at the primary and secondary levels of enrolment.

Quality of education

Learning outcomes are not assessed in India as numerical outcomes. The 12th Five-Year Plan noted the need for measuring and improving learning outcomes.

Children of illiterate parents can’t supplement school studies at home and also can’t afford expensive tuition, leading to a vicious cycle of illiteracy.
From 2014 to 2018, there was a gradual improvement in both basic literacy and numeracy for Class III students but only a quarter of them are at grade level (ability to read and do basic operations like subtraction of Class II level).
The report also shows that 1 out of 4 children leaving Class VIII are without basic reading skills (ability to read at least a Class II level).

Government initiatives

Central Rules under the RTE Act were amended in February 2017 to include the defined class-wise and subject-wise learning outcomes.
Nationwide sub-program of SSA to improve comprehensive early reading, writing, and early mathematics programs for children in Classes I and II.

Teacher Training

Teachers play the most critical role in a student’s achievement.
The need is for better incentives for teachers, investments in teacher capacity through stronger training programs, and addressing the problems in the teaching-learning process.
However, teachers in India, especially in government schools, are considered a cog in the way to efficient governance. There is an inadequate focus on their motivation and skill updation.
NCERT study shows that there is no systematic incorporation of teacher feedback into designing pieces of training. Also, there is no mechanism to check whether this training is translated into classroom performance.
These results in de-professionalizing the teaching profession and curb a teacher’s “internal responsibility” — the sense of duty to the job.
World Development Report on Education (2018) opined that both teaching skills and motivation matter. Individually targeted continued training is important. In line with this, MHRD and the National Council for Teacher Education launched the National Teacher Platform, or Diksha in 2017 . It is a one-stop solution to address teacher competency gaps.
However, the current training through Diksha follows a one-size-fits-all approach. Even though the platform is designed to democratize both access to and creation of content by teachers, its real benefits are in the ability to provide continuous professional development which complements existing physical training.
This technology-enabled platform allows training to become a continuous activity rather than an annual event and also creates a feedback loop ensuring the effectiveness of the material.
Diksha has the potential to re-engineer in-service teacher training in India. It is important to create good content and also to ensure technology consumption by teachers, the role of headmasters in promoting teachers’ professional development, etc.

As India participates in the PISA in 2021, it is to be made sure that we recognize the importance of teachers and their role in education outcomes.

Private Schools vs Public Schools: The Big Debate in Education

At least 30% of students between the 6-14 age groups are in the private sector.

There is an increasing perception that the quality of teaching in private schools is better than that of public schools. Thus there is a clamour for increasing the number of private schools and simultaneously limiting public spending on government schools.
However, the claim on the quality of private schools is debatable as there is a wide disparity of the same among these schools.

Research paper by Geeta Gandhi Kingdon, professor of education and international development at the Institute of Education, London, offers insights into private-public school education in India:

The paper points out that between 2010-11 and 2015-16, the average enrolment in government schools declined from 122 to 108 students per school, while in private schools it rose from 202 to 208.
Nevertheless, according to the District Information System for Education (DISE), 65% of all school-going children, 113 million, get their education from government schools.
The study points out that the migration to private schools is due to the belief among parents that these schools offer better value for money in terms of quality.
IndiaSpend, in 2016, reported that despite the Rs 1.16 lakh crore spent on SSA, the quality of learning declined between 2009 and 2014. It also points out that less than one in five elementary school teachers in India are trained. Also, the contractual teachers, who are high in number in government schools, are likely to be less motivated and accountable.
Preference for private school tutoring is there.
The quality of schools varies between states. In 2016, in Kerala, the proportion of children enrolled in primary government schools increased from 40.6% in 2014 to 49.9% according to ASER 2016.
States with better-functioning government schools have more expensive private schools as there is no market for the ‘low-fee’ budget private schools. Around 80% of private schools in India are ‘low’ fee schools.
ASER 2016 has shown small improvements in learning outcomes in government schools.
Between 2010-11 and 2015-16, the number of private schools grew by 35% – to 0.30 million. On the other hand, the number of government schools grew only by 1%, to 1.04 million. The migration out of government schools has left many of these economically unviable.
Government teachers in India earn four times that of China but don’t perform as well. Up to 80% of India’s public expenditure on education is spent on teachers. There is a need to link teacher salaries to their accountability.
However, the salary of private teachers is very low compared to their government counterparts. This is due to the “bureaucratically-set high ‘minimum wage’, which is being influenced by strong unions of government school teachers.
Another reason for the low salary of private school teachers is that the private education sector offers salaries based on market factors of demand and supply. Since 10.5% of graduates are unemployed in India, there is a high supply of teachers.
Rather than merely increasing the budget outlay for education, the need is to revise the Education policy for better accountability and monitoring mechanisms.
Gandhi argued that a Public-private partnership (PPP) model may be the solution, with public sector funding and private resources for education, since reforming the present system may not be politically feasible.

Rather than debating about private versus public schools, the focus should be to enable the private sector to set up more schools under the scrutiny of regulatory authorities. There is no point in driving off the private initiative in schooling given the limited resources of the states. Private investment should be encouraged but made accountable for quality and conduct.

The above discussion showed the challenges of the Indian education system. A workforce that India wants to create in this digital age requires reforms in education at all levels. UNESCO’s Global Education Monitoring (GEM) Report 2016 opined that India is expected to achieve universal primary education in 2050. India is 50 years late in achieving its global education commitments. If the nation wants fundamental changes in the education system, it has to meet the 2030 SDG targets on education. There is an urgent requirement for greater evolution in education in India.

Education Quality Upgradation and Inclusion Programme (EQUIP): How to transform Education in India?

EQUIP is a five-year vision plan on education, released by MHRD, by the Prime Minister’s decision to create a five-year vision plan for each Ministry.

The EQUIP project is crafted by ten expert groups led by experts within and outside the government:

Group 1: Strategies for expanding access
Group 2: Towards global best teaching/learning process
Group 3: Promoting Excellence
Group 4: Governance reforms
Group 5: Assessment, Accreditation, and Ranking Systems
Group 6: Promotion of research and innovation
Group 7: Employability and Entrepreneurship
Group 8: Using Technology for Better Reach
Group 9: Internationalisation
Group 10: Financing Higher Education

The groups have suggested initiatives to transform the education system completely. The goals set by the groups are:

Double GER in higher education and resolve the geographically and socially skewed access to higher education institutions.
Upgrade the quality of education to global standards.
Position at least 50 Indian institutions among the top 1000 global universities.
Introduce governance reforms in higher education for well-administered campuses.
Accreditation of all institutions as an assurance of quality.
Promote Research and Innovation ecosystems for positioning India in the top three countries in the world in matters of knowledge creation.
Double the employability of the students passing out of higher education.
Harness education technology for expanding the reach and improving pedagogy.
Promote India as a global study destination.
Achieve a quantum increase in investment in higher education.

We can see that each of the above goals has been known to us for a long time. The problem is its implementation. The political class and all other stakeholders should come together to achieve these goals. The plethora of government initiatives on higher education is a sure sign of the importance given by the political class in the reform of the education system of India. Let’s hope that a new dawn of Indian education is around the corner which will bring back the glory of ancient times when India was the centre of knowledge production.

As the Economic Survey 2016-17 points out, lack of health, malnourishment, etc. affects the cognitive ability of children. This will, in turn, have a detrimental effect on their future educational prospects. This leads to a vicious cycle of inter-generational illiteracy, poor health, and ultimately poverty. So education and health are complementary to each other and reforms in one sector should invariably be preceded and followed by reforms in other sectors. Human development as a whole can be considered as a wholesome development and we must appreciate the interlinkages of each section of human capital formation, be it health, education, digital literacy, skills, etc.

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Reader Interactions

November 27, 2019 at 10:33 pm

Wow what the largest matter of education is?. Very nice thank u sir

November 28, 2019 at 12:09 pm

Nice article but it is too long we need around 400 words which explains education in india,challenges,way forward only It is very hard to remember and segrate from given imp because all points look like imp please try to make it around 400 words only

November 28, 2019 at 2:00 pm

@MKM – The aim was to cover almost everything about Education in India as a comprehensive post. The post covers: (a) History of Education in India (b) Current Status of Education in India: Data from Census 2011 (c) RTE Act (d) Various Educational Policies in the past (e) The New National Educational Policy (NEP) (f) The Problems associated with the Education System in India (g) Education Quality Upgradation and Inclusion Programme (EQUIP): How to transform Education in India?

Though ClearIAS prefers short and crisp articles, for important areas like Education, we felt a detailed write-up would be useful.

Thank you for your feedback. We will continue to create concise articles as well.

November 28, 2019 at 12:35 pm

Good Source thank you Team.

November 28, 2019 at 1:56 pm

November 28, 2019 at 2:41 pm

November 29, 2019 at 7:45 am

This is a very nice and comprehensive information on education.

November 29, 2019 at 2:21 pm

Such a nice article sir thank you..

December 16, 2019 at 5:31 pm

March 30, 2020 at 12:48 pm

Sir,a small corrrection regarding literacy rate ranking, Kerala (93%)tops its followed by Lakshadweep(92 %), Mizoram (91 %) , Tripura (87.7 %) and Goa (87.4 %) as 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th places repectively according to 2011 census.

June 16, 2020 at 12:20 am

Excellent Work

August 31, 2020 at 1:14 pm

Thank you vry much team.🤗 You provide excellent data ,analysis,facts,etc…evrything at one doc.

November 16, 2020 at 10:47 pm

Absolutely amazing stuff. Can’t believe.. Thanks from the bottom of my heart ❤️❤️

May 27, 2021 at 12:38 pm

Great article about Education very informative thanks for sharing

May 31, 2021 at 11:55 pm

Well and easy to understand…thank u for the team

September 12, 2021 at 10:37 am

Very good and such a broad information thank u 💖.. Lots of love

December 16, 2021 at 11:10 am

Need to update with current data eg how much percentage of school/ children get access of online education in pandemic Era COVID challanges others family support etc thank

January 28, 2022 at 10:32 am

Thank you so much for your birthday support

February 27, 2022 at 5:33 pm

good information

June 10, 2022 at 3:00 pm

Nice article very informative…traditional classroom study should be changed into a smart classroom online

July 14, 2022 at 8:55 pm

December 18, 2022 at 1:05 am

Absolute coverage article, Kindly keep it up for your determined spectators.

May 28, 2023 at 9:10 pm

desserstation on education/slums/miagration par hindi me pdf mil sakta hai

January 23, 2024 at 8:06 pm

The analysis provides a comprehensive overview of India’s education system, highlighting its pyramid structure and alignment with Sustainable Development Goals. Constitutional provisions like Article 21A and the RTE Act aim for universal education. However, the RTE Act faces criticism. To enhance educational outcomes, addressing these concerns and ensuring effective implementation are imperative. Schools in Pataudi Gurgaon focus on quality, inclusivity, and overcoming criticisms can lead Indian education to new heights. Thank You Samriddhi Sharma

February 7, 2024 at 7:44 pm

It’s crucial to delve into the challenges confronting the Indian education sector and understand the constitutional framework and policies guiding it. Exploring these aspects sheds light on the complexities and opportunities within the system. However, it’s equally important to consider how these discussions translate into action at the grassroots level, especially in local communities like Rajajinagar, Bangalore. How are schools in rajajinagar bangaloreaddressing these systemic issues and implementing reforms to ensure quality education for all students? This intersection of policy discourse and on-the-ground realities is where meaningful change happens.

March 8, 2024 at 6:22 am

Is there any data on how many states provide free education to girls till grade X and how many provide it till grade XII?

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Indian Education System Essay

Indian education system has changed over the time. A major change in our education system came with the colonization of the country by the Britishers. It was the British Government who introduced modern education in India, as they wanted some educated Indians to assist them in administering the state. Indian education system is mainly divided into four stages – lower primary, upper primary, high school and higher secondary.

Students follow a fixed curriculum up to 10 th standard; though, in higher secondary they get to choose from various streams i.e. science, commerce, etc. Apart from certain textual changes and over time rectifications, nothing much has changed in Indian Education system. The need to reform and restructure our education system has been felt many time. However, no concrete steps have yet been taken in this direction.

Long and Short Essays on Indian Education System in English

Here are Long and Short Essays on Indian Education system in English of varying lengths to help you with the topic in your exam.

After going through this Indian Education System Essay you will be well versed with the Indian Education system and its shortcomings.

Also, you would be able to assess it and make suggestions for its improvement.

These Essays will help you in your school essay writing competition and also in several debate competitions.

Short Essay on Indian Education System – Essay 1 (200 words)

Indian education system is quite different from that of the foreign nations. The curriculum in the western countries is known to be quite light and based on practical knowledge whereas in India the focus is on theoretical knowledge and acquiring marks by hook or crook.

Students are expected to mug up chapter after chapter and fetch good grades in the class. The marking system in the Indian schools begins from the primary classes thereby burdening little kids. The competition is growing by the day. Parents want their children to outperform their peers and teachers want their class to do better than the other classes.

They are so blinded by the urge of staying ahead of the competition that they do not realize that they are pushing the children in the wrong direction. At an age when the students should be given the chance to explore their interests and hone their creative side, they are pressurized to follow a set curriculum and slog day and night to get good marks.

Instead of making the students understand various concepts of mathematics, physics and other subjects so that they can use them at different stages in their life, the focus is on blindly learning the chapters whether or not the concepts are understood just so that one can get good marks. So, the very basis of the Indian education system is inappropriate.

Essay on Indian Education System Needs Serious Reforms – Essay 2 (300 words)

Introduction

Indian education system is said to be old and mundane. In the times, when the organizations are looking for creative and enthusiastic individuals, the Indian schools train the young minds, to follow a set curriculum and behave as they are told for almost fifteen years of their lives. There is no freedom to provide suggestions or share ideas. There is a serious need to reform the Indian education system which in turn helps in developing smarter individuals.

Need to Think Out of the Box

There is a dire need to think out of the box if we want to make new inventions, bring positive changes in the society and prosper at a personal level. However, unfortunately our schools train us otherwise. They tie us to a set study schedule and keep us so busy with completing the assignments and learning theoretical lessons that there is no room left for creativity.

The Indian education system must be changed to make way for creative thinking. Schools must focus on activities that challenge the student’s mind, hone their analytical skills and invoke their creative thinking ability. This will help them perform better in different fields as they grow up.

Need for All Round Development

The primary focus of the Indian education system is on academics. Here also the focus is not on understanding the concept and enhancing knowledge but only on mugging up the lessons with or without understanding them with the sole aim of attaining good marks. Even though some schools have extra-curricular activities, there is hardly one class per week for these activities.

Education in the Indian schools has just been reduced to gaining theoretical knowledge which is not enough to raise an intelligent and responsible individual. The system must be changed to ensure the all round development of the students.

The people in power must understand that the Indian education system requires serious reforms. The system must change to develop students spiritually, morally, physically as well as mentally.

Essay on Indian Education System and Its Development – Essay 3 (400 words)

Indian Education System has seen quite a few changes ever since its inception. It has changed with the changing times and with the changes in the society. However, whether these changes and developments are for good or not is still a question.

The Gurukul

The Indian education system dates back several centuries. From the ancient times, children are being sent to the teachers to learn lessons on different subjects and to add value to their lives and make them skilled to live a self dependent life. During the ancient times, the gurukuls were set up in various parts of the country.

Children went to gurukuls to seek education. They stayed with their guru (teacher) in their ashram until they completed their education. The students were taught various skills, given lessons in different subjects and were even involved in doing the household chores to ensure their all round development.

British Brought About Changes in the Indian Education System

As the Britishers colonized India, the Gurukul system began to fade away as the Britishers set up schools that followed a different education system. The subjects taught in these schools were quite different from that taught in the gurukuls and so was the way the study sessions were conducted.

There was a sudden change in the entire education system of India. The focus shifted from the all round development of the students to the academic performance. This was not a very good change. However, one thing that changed for good during this time was that girls also began to seek education and were enrolled in schools.

Introduction of Educomp Smart Classes

The education system introduced by the British is still prevalent in India. However, with the advancement in technology many schools have adopted to newer means to impart education to the students. Educomp smart classes have been introduced in the schools. These classes have brought about a positive change. Unlike the earlier times when the students only learned from the books, they now get to see their lessons on a big wide screen installed in their class rooms. This makes the learning experience interesting and helps the students grasp better.

In addition to it, many extra-curricular activities are also being introduced by the schools for the all round development of the students. However, the marking system still remains as stringent and the students have to focus largely on their academics.

So, there has been a major shift in the Indian education system since the ancient times. However, we require further reforms in the system for the proper development of the students.

Essay on Education System in India is Good or Bad – Essay 4 (500 words)

The Indian education system is said to be largely flawed. It does more harm than good to the young minds. However, some people may argue that it gives a good platform to the students as it challenges their mind and focuses on increasing their grasping power. The debate on whether the Indian education system is good or bad is ongoing.

The Good and Bad of the Indian Education System

While the people in power discuss the good and the bad in the Indian education system and whether there is a need to bring in reforms or not, here is a look at the pros and cons of the same.

Cons of Indian Education System

Indian education system has many cons. Here is a look at some of the main cons in the system:

Lack of Practical Knowledge

Focus of the Indian education system is on the theoretical part. Teachers read out from the book during the classes and explain the concepts verbally. Students are expected to understand even the intricate concepts theoretically. The need to impart practical knowledge is not felt even though it is highly essential.

Focus on Grades

The focus of the Indian schools is on mugging up the chapters to get good grades. Teachers do not bother if the students have understood the concept or not, all they look at is the marks they have obtained.

No Significance to All Round Development

The focus is only on studies. No effort is made to build a student’s character or his physical health. The schools do not contribute in the all round development of their students.

Over Burdening

The students are over burdened with studies. They study for long hours in the school and are given a pile of home work to complete at home. In addition to it, the regular class tests, first term examination, weekly examination and mid-term examination puts a lot of pressure on the young minds.

Pros of Indian Education System

Here are some of the pros of the Indian education system:

Provides Knowledge on Different Subjects

The Indian education system includes a vast curriculum and imparts knowledge on various subjects including maths, environmental science, moral science, social science, English, Hindi and computer science to name a few. All these subjects form a part of the curriculum from the primary classes itself. So, the students gain knowledge about different subjects from an early age.

Inculcates Discipline

The schools in India are very particular about their timings, time table, ethical code, marking system and study schedule. Students need to follow the rules set by the school else they are punished. This is a good way to inculcate discipline in the students.

Increases Grasping Power

Owing to the marking and ranking system in the Indian schools, the students are required to learn their lessons thoroughly. They need to do so in order to fetch good marks and rank higher than their classmates. They look for different ways to concentrate and grasp better. Those who identify the tools that help them grasp better are able to enhance their grasping power which helps them throughout their lives.

Indian education system has been criticized time and again. There is a tremendous need to change this system to ensure proper development of our young generation.

Long Essay on Indian Education System – Essay 5 (600 words)

Indian education system is one of the oldest education systems around the globe. It is unfortunate that while the education systems of the other nations have undergone major changes with the changing times and technological advancement we are still stuck with the old and mundane system. Neither has our system seen any major change in the curriculum nor has there been any significant change in the way the education is imparted.

Problems with Indian Education System

The Indian education system has numerous problems that hinder the proper growth and development of an individual. One of the main problems with the Indian education system is its marking system. The intelligence of the students is judged by the way they perform in a 3 hour theoretical paper rather than by their overall performance in the class. In such a scenario, learning lessons to get good marks becomes the sole aim of the students. They are not able to think beyond it. They are not bothered about understanding concepts or enhancing their knowledge all they think about is to look for ways to get good marks.

Another problem is that the focus is only on theory. No importance is given to practical learning. Our education system encourages the students to become bookworms and does not prepare them for handling the real problems and challenges of life.

Academics are given so much importance that the need to involve the students in sports and art activities is overlooked. Students are also overburdened with studies. Regular exams are held and students are scrutinized at every step. This creates acute stress among the students. The stress level of the students continues to grow as they advance to higher classes.

Ways to Improve Indian Education System

Many ideas and suggestions have been shared to improve the Indian education system. Some of the ways to change our education system for good include:

Focus on Skill Development

It is the time for the Indian schools and colleges to stop putting so much importance to the marks and ranks of the students and focus on skill development instead. The cognitive, problem solving, analytical and creative thinking skills of the students must be enhanced. In order to do so they must be involved in various academic as well as extra-curricular activities instead of caging them in the dull class room sessions.

Impart Practical Knowledge

Practical knowledge is very important to develop a thorough understanding of any subject. However, our Indian education system focuses mainly on theoretical knowledge. This needs to be changed. Students must be imparted practical knowledge for better understanding and application.

Revise the Curriculum

The curriculum of our schools and colleges is the same since decades. It is the time to change it as per the changing times so that the students learn things more relevant to their times. For instance, computer should become one of the main subjects in schools so that students learn how to work efficiently on the same from the very beginning. Similarly, there should be classes on developing good communication skills as it is the need of the hour.

Hire Better Teaching Staff

In order to save a few bucks, the educational institutes in our country hire teachers who demand less salary even if they are not highly skilled and experienced. This approach must be changed. Good teaching staff must be hired in order to nurture the young minds well.

Look Beyond Academics

The education system of our country must look beyond academics. Sports, arts and other activities must also be given importance to ensure the all round development of students.

While the need to change the Indian education system has been emphasized several times nothing much has been done in this regard. It is the time to understand the importance of changing this old system for the better future of the children as well as the country as a whole.

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Education System in India Essay

1 Introduction
2 Importance of Education in India
3 Historical Overview
4 Current State of Education in India
5 Primary and Secondary Education
6 Higher Education
7 Vocational Education and Training
8 Conclusion
9.1 Q: What is the current education system in India?
9.2 Q: What are the main challenges facing the education system in India?
9.3 Q: What is the role of technology in the education system in India?
9.4 Q: What is the government doing to improve the education system in India?
9.5 Q: How can parents and guardians support the education system in India?

Explore the current state of the education system in India in this comprehensive essay. Learn about the challenges facing the system, the role of technology, and the initiatives being taken by the government to improve access and quality of education for students.

Introduction

The education system in India is one of the oldest and most diverse in the world. With a history that dates back to ancient times, the Indian education system has undergone significant changes and developments over the years. However, despite its long history, the education system in India still faces several challenges that need to be addressed.

Importance of Education in India

The importance of education in India cannot be overstated. It is widely recognized as a key driver of economic growth and social development. Education plays a critical role in empowering individuals and communities, and is essential for the country’s overall progress and prosperity. The government of India has recognized the importance of education and has made significant investments in the education sector over the years.

Historical Overview

One of the most significant milestones in the history of Indian education was the arrival of the British during the colonial period. The British introduced a new education system that was based on Western models and aimed to produce a class of educated Indians who would serve as intermediaries between the British and the native population. This system of education had a profound impact on the development of the Indian education system and laid the foundation for the education system we have today.

Current State of Education in India

The current state of education in India is a mixed one. On the one hand, there has been significant progress in terms of access to education, with enrollment rates at primary and secondary levels reaching nearly 100%. However, the quality of education remains a major concern, with a significant portion of students not achieving basic literacy and numeracy skills. The government has introduced several policies and initiatives aimed at improving the quality of education, but there is still a long way to go.

Primary and Secondary Education

Primary and secondary education in India is organized and administered by the state governments. The curriculum is designed to provide students with a broad-based education that covers subjects such as language, mathematics, science, and social studies. However, there are significant disparities in the quality of education across states, with students in some states performing much better than those in others.

Higher Education

Higher education in India is provided by universities and colleges. The higher education system is characterized by a large number of institutions and a wide range of programs. However, access to higher education remains a major challenge, with only a small percentage of students being able to enroll in universities and colleges. The quality of higher education is also a concern, with a significant portion of graduates not being employable.

Vocational Education and Training

Vocational education and training in India is provided by a range of institutions, including industrial training institutes and polytechnics. The government has introduced several policies and initiatives aimed at expanding access to vocational education and training, but there are still significant gaps in terms of quality and coverage.

In conclusion, the education system in India has a long and rich history, and has made significant progress in terms of access to education. However, there are still significant challenges that need to be addressed, including the quality of education, access to higher education, and vocational education and training. The government of India has recognized these challenges and has introduced several policies and initiatives aimed at addressing them. However, more needs to be done to ensure that all students in India have access to quality education that will enable them to reach their full potential.

FAQs for “Education System in India Essay”

Q: what is the current education system in india.

A: The current education system in India is a combination of both public and private institutions, with the government responsible for formulating policies and regulations for education. The system includes primary, secondary, and higher education, with the option for students to specialize in various fields such as science, arts, and commerce.

Q: What are the main challenges facing the education system in India?

A: Some of the main challenges facing the education system in India include: lack of access to education in rural areas, inadequate funding, shortage of qualified teachers, and a high dropout rate. Additionally, there are issues of gender and socio-economic disparities, as well as a lack of focus on practical skills and job readiness.

Q: What is the role of technology in the education system in India?

A: Technology is increasingly being used in the education system in India to improve access to education and enhance the learning experience for students. This includes the use of online courses, virtual classrooms, and educational apps, as well as the incorporation of technology into traditional classroom teaching.

Q: What is the government doing to improve the education system in India?

A: The Indian government has been taking steps to improve the education system in India. This includes initiatives to increase access to education in rural areas, increase funding for education, and improve the quality of teachers. Additionally, the government has been implementing policies to improve the focus on job readiness and practical skills, as well as addressing the issues of gender and socio-economic disparities in education.

Q: How can parents and guardians support the education system in India?

A: Parents and guardians can support the education system in India by encouraging their children to attend school and take their education seriously. Additionally, they can support the education system by participating in school activities and working with teachers to ensure that their children are receiving a quality education. They can also advocate for better funding and resources for education in their communities.

Indian Education System Essay

In this Indian Education System Essay , we had described the education system in India, its importance & how to improve the education system in India.

With over 13, 00,000+ schools and over 315 million enrollments, India has the largest education system in the world.

Due to educational reforms since the 80s, pre-school and primary schools have been made available to all children in India.

According to the Right to Education Act 2009, schooling is free and compulsory for all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years.

Most schools in India pay attention to academics and pay less attention to extra-curricular activities; the Indian education system follows a 10 + 2 + 3 pattern.

Essay on Indian Education System 200 words:

The Indian education system is quite different from foreign nations.

In Western countries, the syllabus is considered to be quite light and based on practical knowledge, while in India the focus is on theoretical knowledge and rote scores.

Students are expected to read all the chapters and bring good grades in the classroom.

The marking system in Indian schools starts with primary classes, putting the burden on young children, the competition is increasing day by day.

Parents want their children to perform better than their peers and teachers want their class to do better than other classes.

The need to stay ahead of the competition makes them so blind that they don’t even realize that they are pushing children in the wrong direction.

At an age when students should be allowed to explore their interests and improve their creative side, they are pressured to follow a set curriculum and to get good marks.

Instead of understanding the various concepts of Mathematics, Physics and other subjects, students are given the full focus on learning the chapter.

Due to this, they are unable to take practical knowledge and are unable to make decisions for themselves further in life and cannot even choose a profession according to their interest.

Therefore, the basis of the Indian education system is very unfair.

Indian Education System Essay 300 words:

The Indian education system is said to be old and worldly.

At a time when the world is looking for creative and enthusiastic people, Indian schools are training young minds with bookish knowledge that is making them bibliophiles and preventing them from becoming a creative person.

There is no freedom to suggest or share ideas, there is a serious need for reform in the Indian education system which in turn can help to develop smarter individuals.

Need to Think Creatively:

If we want to make new inventions, then there is a need to bring positive changes in society and bring prosperity on a personal level.

However, unfortunately, our schools train us otherwise. They connect us to a defined study schedule and keep us so busy completing assignments and learning theoretical lessons that there is no room for creativity.

The Indian education system has to be changed for creative thinking.

Schools should focus on activities that challenge the student’s mind, improve their analytical skills and enhance their creative thinking ability, this will help them perform better in different areas.

All-round Development Required:

The primary focus of the Indian education system is on academics.

The focus is not on understanding the concept and increasing knowledge, but just on mug lessons to understand them with or without the sole purpose of achieving good marks.

Even though some schools have extra-curricular activities, there is hardly one class per week for these activities.

Education in Indian schools has been reduced to acquiring only theoretical knowledge which is not sufficient to raise an intelligent and responsible person.

The system should be changed to ensure the all-round development of students.

Conclusion:

Those in power must understand that the Indian education system needs serious reforms.

The system must be changed to develop students spiritually, morally, physically and mentally.

Education System in India Essay 400 words:

The Indian education system has seen quite a few changes since its beginning, it has changed with changing times and with the change in society.

However, whether these changes and developments are for good is still a question.

Since ancient times, children were sent to teachers to learn lessons on various subjects and to add value to their lives and to make them efficient to lead self-reliant lives.

Gurukuls were established in different parts of the country, children used to go to Gurukul to get an education.

They used to stay in his ashram with his guru (teacher) until he completed his education.

Students were taught various skills, given lessons in various subjects and also involved in household chores to ensure their all-round development.

Changes by the British in the Indian Education System:

As the British colonized India, the Gurukul system began to erode as the British established schools that followed a separate education system.

The subjects taught in these schools were quite different from the subjects taught in Gurukuls and study sessions were conducted similarly.

There was a sudden change in the entire education system of India.

The focus shifted from students’ all-round development to academic performance, however, one thing changed for good during this period, is that girls also started taking education and enrolled in schools.

Introduction to Educomp Smart Classes:

The education system introduced by the British is still prevalent in India.

However, with the advancement in technology many schools have adopted new means to provide education to the students. Educomp Smart classrooms have been introduced in schools.

These classes have brought about a positive change unlike earlier times when students only learned from books, they now see their lessons on a large widescreen installed in their classroom rooms.

This makes the learning experience interesting and helps students understand better.

Apart from this, many extra-curricular activities are also being started by the schools for the all-round development of the students.

However, the marking system is still rigid and students have to focus largely on their academics.

Therefore, there has been a major change in the Indian education system since ancient times.

However, we need further improvement in the system for proper development of students.

Indian Education System Essay 500 words:

The Indian education system is said to be largely defective. It does more harm than benefit to young minds.

However, some may argue that it gives students a good platform because it challenges their minds and focuses on the power to increase their satisfaction.

The merits and demerits of the Indian education system:

Lack of Practical Knowledge:

The focus of the Indian education system is on the theoretical part. Teachers read from the book during classes and explain the concepts orally.

Students are expected to understand complex concepts theoretically as well. The need to impart practical knowledge is not felt even when it is highly necessary.

Focus on grades:

The focus of Indian schools is on designing chapters to get good grades. Teachers do not bother if students have understood the concept or not, they all see what marks they have scored.

No importance for all-round development:

The focus is only on studies. No attempt is made to build the character of the student or his physical health. Schools do not contribute to the overall development of their students.

Over-burden of Studies:

There is a burden on students. They study for a long time in school and are given a pile of household chores to complete at home.

Also, regular classroom tests, first-term exams, weekly exams and mid-term exams put a lot of pressure on young minds.

Positive Points of Indian Education:

Some rules of the Indian education system are as follows:

Provides knowledge on Various Subjects:

The Indian education system encompasses a vast curriculum and imparts knowledge on various subjects including Mathematics, Environmental Sciences, Ethical Sciences, Social Sciences, English, Hindi and Computer Science to name a few.

All these subjects form part of the syllabus from primary classes. Therefore, students acquire knowledge about various subjects from an early age.

Enhances Discipline:

Schools in India are very particular about their timings, time tables, ethical codes, marking systems and study schedules.

Students are required to follow the rules set by the school otherwise they are punished. This is a good way to increase discipline in students.

Increases understanding of power:

Due to the marking and ranking system in Indian schools, students are required to learn their lessons well.

They need to do this to get good marks and get a higher rank than their classmates. They seek different ways to focus and for better understanding.

Those who identify tools that help them understand them better can increase their grasping power which helps them throughout their life.

The Indian education system has been criticized from time to time.

There is a tremendous need to change this system to ensure the proper development of our younger generation.

Also, read 1. Globalization Essay 2. Essay on Education 3. Discipline Essay

Essay on Indian Education System in India 700 words:

Education is the criterion of social control, personality building and social and economic progress in any nation or society. India’s current education system is based on the British model, which was implemented in 1835 AD.

Pre-school Education (Play School):

Education is not compulsory at this level, but it is very popular in urban and semi-urban areas.

Childhood Montessori schools or sports schools have been opened for children up to the age of 3 years.

The preschool system has been further divided into playschools and kindergarten.

Primary School:

Primary education is compulsory for all children in India. One to fifth-grade children in the age group of 6 to 10 years is in the primary education system of India.

Pre-secondary school:

Children aged between 11 and 14 are placed under the middle school, who fall between sixth to eighth grades.

Secondary school (High School):

Secondary schools are designed for children in the age group of 16 to 17, from ninth to tenth grade.

Higher Secondary School:

It is also popular in India under the name 10 + 2. In this, students choose their specific field of study (science, commerce, arts).

Students in this level typically belong to the age group of 16 and 18 years.

Supreme organization:

The NCERT or National Council of Educational Research and Training is the main body for all courses.

The various curriculum bodies that govern the school education system are:

Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE):

There are currently 262+ schools under CBSE. CBSE is recognized by the Government of India and all universities and colleges in India.

All Kendriya Vidyalayas are affiliated to CBSE.

Indian School Certificate Examination Council (ISCE):

It is a private board of education in India. Conducts ICSE exams for class X and ISC exams for class 12. About 1,900 schools belong to the CISCE board.

State Government Boards:

All states have their educational boards, which are regulated and supervised by the state governments.

Many Indian schools belong to various state boards, the oldest UP board was established in 1922.

Some of the other popular state boards are Maharashtra State Board, West Bengal State Board, Madhya Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh.

National Open Schooling Institute (NIOS):

It was established by the Ministry of Human Resource Development, it is a board for distance education & provides affordable but quality education in remote areas.

Presently there are 3,827 educational centres, 1,830 vocational centres and 690 accredited agencies under NIOS.

Higher education in India:

After completing class 12 or higher secondary examination, students are admitted to various colleges and institutes to obtain a bachelor’s degree.

He has the option of choosing the main subject of his choice, in which he can choose subjects like Science, Arts or Commerce or Engineering, Law or Medicine.

The main institution of higher education in India is UGC or the University Grants Commission.

As of 2012, there were 152 Central Universities, 191 Private Universities and 316 State Universities.

It is based on pharmaceutical science and technology, so there are many technical institutes in India which seek admission through general entrance examinations.

Technical education in India:

Technical education in India is regulated by AICTE, which was enacted in 1987 through an Act of Parliament.

The main institutes providing the world’s technical services in the field of technology in India are Indian Institute of Technology, Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology, National Institute of Technology and Indian Institute of Information Technology, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology.

Distance Education in India:

Indira Gandhi National Open University or IGNOU coordinates distance education at the higher education level.

The District Education Council (DEC), an official of IGNOU, is coordinating correspondence courses at 13 state open universities and traditional universities of 119 institutes.

Also, read 1. Technology Essay 2. Teachers day Essay 3. My School Essay

Indian Education System Essay Conclusion:

Education is the criterion of social control, personality building and social and economic progress in any nation or society.

India’s current education system is based on the British model, which was implemented in 1835 AD.

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4 thoughts on “Indian Education System Essay”

Thanks to your article, I really appreciate the chance of allowing me to discuss this topic Education. According to the Constitution of the Republic of Turkey, every citizen has the right to education which is free of charge for the compulsory primary education. No one shall be deprived of the right of education. The scope of the right to education shall be defined and regulated by law. The freedom of education does not relieve the individual from loyalty to the Constitution.

Thank you, Ferdinard Orumgbe, for your valuable comment! Read our other articles as well…

You have well describe post about Indian education system. Our education system is suffering from this current situation.

Even though the education system has evolved over the years, there are still huge challenges faced by the Indian Education System, due to which it isn’t showing much progress.

Education System in India – A Comprehensive Analysis

From Current Affairs Notes for UPSC » Editorials & In-depths » This topic

The Indian education system, for a long time, is faced with the problem of inaccessibility and low-quality education that make Indians unemployable. Due to this, India is not able to use the potential of its human capital. Education is one of the vital tools that help a nation to develop. The government needs to address this issue through proactive involvement for the betterment of all Indian citizens.

This topic of “Education System in India – A Comprehensive Analysis” is important from the perspective of the UPSC IAS Examination , which falls under General Studies Portion.

How did it all begin?

In ancient times, India followed the Gurukula system of education.
This system involved the teacher teaching student many subjects like Sanskrit, Holy Scriptures, mathematics metaphysics, etc., in his home.
The student stays in the teacher’s house as long as he wished or until the guru felt he had taught everything he could teach.
All learning in Gurukula was closely linked to nature and life and not confined to memorizing information like it is today.
The modern school system was brought to India, including the English language, originally by Lord Thomas Babington Macaulay in the 1830s.
The curriculum was confined to the “modern” subjects such as science and mathematics, and subjects like metaphysics and philosophy were considered unnecessary.
Teaching was limited to classrooms and the link with nature was broken, as also the close relationship between the teacher and students.
Uttar Pradesh Board of High School and Intermediate Education was the first Board to be established in India in the year 1921.
Later, other boards were established in several states.
This kind of education system underwent reforms following independence from the British Empire.

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What is the structure of India’s schooling system since independence?

The Indian education system consists of the following levels of education:

Pre-primary level : 5-6 years of age
Primary (elementary) level : 6-14 years of age. It is guaranteed by the Indian Constitution under Article 21A . The elementary education is universalised by Sarva Shikha Abhiyan .
Secondary level : 14-18 years of age. The government had extended SSA to secondary education through Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan .
Higher Education in India generally has 3 levels: UG, PG and MPhil/Ph.D . The Centrally Sponsored Scheme, Rashtriya Uchhattar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA) provides for the strategic funding to higher education institutions throughout the country.

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What are the provisions of the Indian Constitution on education?

Article 45 in Directive Principles of State Policy stated that the government should provide free and compulsory education to all until the age of 14 within 10 years from the commencement of the Constitution. Since it was not realized, Article 21A was introduced by the 86 th Constitutional Amendment Act of 2002 . It made elementary education a fundamental right rather than a directive principle.
Article 45 was amended to provide for early childhood care and education to children below the age of 6 years.

Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act, 2009 :

In order to implement Article 21A , the parliament had passed the Right to Education Act .
This Act provided necessary legal backing for the implementation of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA).
SSA is the government programme that provides for the Universalization of Elementary Education in a time-bound manner. It has been operational since 2000-01 .

Provisions:

Free and compulsory education to all Indian children between 6 to 14 age groups. “Compulsory” here means the government must provide free elementary education and ensure compulsory admission, attendance and completion of elementary education to all Indian children.
The non-admitted child must be admitted to an age-appropriate class.
As per the Act, the government schools must provide free education to all children and they are managed by School Management Committees (SMCs).
The private schools are to admit at least 25% of the children in their schools without a fee.
This Act mandates a 25% reservation for the disadvantaged sections of the society that includes the SC and STs, Socially Backward Class and differently-abled.
The standards like Pupil-Teacher Ratios (PTRs), buildings and infrastructure, schools’ working days, teacher’s working hours, qualifications and training of the teachers are defined under this Act.
The deployment of teachers is rationalised so that there is no urban-rural imbalance.
It prohibits the deployment of teachers for non-educational works, other than services like decennial census, elections, and disaster reliefs.
It prohibits physical punishment and mental harassment, screen procedures for students’ admission, capitation fee, private tuition by teachers and running of non-recognized schools.
This Act also states that the financial and other responsibilities should be shared between the Centre and state governments.
It aims to make child free of fear, trauma and anxiety through a system of child-friendly and child-centred learning.
The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education (Amendment) Act, 2019 removed the clause for “No Detention Policy”.
Though the RTE and SSA have increased accessibility to school that had resulted in a high enrolment rate, drop-out rates have increased. Little has been done to address this issue.
Adequate importance is not given to PTR.
There is a provision in this Act that allows the local authorities to decide on aspects related to the academic calendar. However, this has not been implemented.
Since all state holidays are not relevant to all localities, decisions on the academic calendar should be in the hands of the local authorities so that there is an increase in attendance and the local governments can take ownership of the school.
There is a difference between urban-rural and rich-poor in education. The RTE students in private schools are forced to pay extra fees because they claim that the government fund is inadequate.
Most of the private schools treat RTE as a charity. They feel that the responsibility of universalization of education should be on the government’s hands and not them.
The 2019 Amended Act scraps non-detention policy to allow detention for students of class V and VIII if they fail to pass in examinations.
The provision of “non-detention policy” under the previous Act stated that the students till class 8 must not be failed in the exams. This was done to reduce the drop-out rate.
The amendment was in response to the reducing quality of elementary education.
This RTE Act gives more importance to the education of children from the age of 6. The Kothari Commission had recommended the establishment of centres for the development of pre-primary education in all districts.
The RTE Act recommends a PTR of 30:1 for primary classes and 35:1 for upper primary classes. The District Information System for Education (DISE) report found that 30% of primary and 15% of the upper primary schools have higher PTRs.
Despite the improvement in the Student-Classroom ratio (SCR), India still faces inequality in this context.

How did the modern education system evolve to the present state?

As previously mentioned, the British colonial government introduced India’s modern education system.
From Macaulay minute to Wood’s dispatch to several commissions like Sadler commission, 1904 Indian education policy etc., has built the foundation for the Indian education system during the colonial period.

Radhakrishnan Committee:

In 1948-49, the University Education Commission was set up under Radhakrishnan.
It shaped the education system of independent India based on the needs and aspirations of the newly-formed independent nation.
It projected out the value system of the Indian Education System.
Previously, the education system was only favouring the aspirations of the British government.
For example, Macaulayism focused on eliminating indigenous culture through the planned substitution of British culture through education.
Independent India’s education system is based on the following values as recommended by the commission:
Wisdom and knowledge
Aims of the social order
Love for higher values of life
Training for leadership

Kothari Commission :

It gave the basic framework of the Indian education system.
It recommended the following:
Standardisation of the education system on a 10+2+3 pattern.
Pointed out the need to make work experience and social and national service an integral part of education.
Linking of colleges with several schools in the neighbourhood.
Equal opportunities need to be provided for all to achieve national and social integration.
Increase in the expenditure on education from 2.9% of the GDP to 6% by 1985.
The banning Neighbourhood school system from separating students based on social or religious differences.
A school complex system integrating primary and secondary levels of education.
The Establishment of the Indian Education Service.
The report by this committee paved the way for National Education Policy , 1968 which became the basis for further development of the Indian education system.

National Education Policy, 1968:

It provided for the “radical restructuring” and equalization of educational opportunities to achieve national integration and greater cultural and economic development.
It also increased the government’s expenditure on education to 6% of the GDP.
It provided for the better qualification and training of the teachers.
The three-language formula: The first language should be the mother tongue/regional language. The second language for the Hindi-speaking states should be modern Indian language. If it is non-Hindi speaking states it should be either Hindi or English. As for the third language, it can be either English or modern Indian language for the Hindi-speaking states and non-Hindi Speaking states. Hindi was encouraged in all states to promote a common language for all Indians.

National Educational Policy, 1985:

Its objective is to remove differences and to provide equal educational opportunities especially to the marginalised sections of the society.
It launched “Operation Blackboard” to improve primary schools across the nation.
IGNOU was set up.
The “Rural university” model was adopted based on the Gandhian philosophy. This was done to promote economic and social development at the grassroots level in rural India.

T.S.R.Subramanian Committee report:

It was entrusted with the task of preparing a new education policy for India.
It submitted a report to the government in May 2016.
It had suggested numerous measures the government must take to improve education in India.
Some of the key recommendations are:
Education for children between 4 to 5 age groups must be declared a fundamental right. Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) is uneven across the states. So all the government schools should have facilities for pre-primary education so that too much reliance is not in private schools.
This committee recommended that the “no-detention policy” should be upheld only till class V and not till class VIII.
As there is an increase in the teacher shortage, absenteeism and grievances, there is a need for the establishment of an Autonomous Teacher Recruitment Board and 4 years integrated B.Ed. course.
There is insufficient integration of Information and Communication Technology and the education sector.
This committee recommended the enhancement of the National Skills Qualification Framework.
The vocational training courses must be on par with the local opportunities and resources and the formal certification must be equivalent to the conventional education certificates.
All India Education Service must be established.
National Accreditation Board (NAB) must subsume the existing accreditation bodies.

What is the current state of India’s school education?

The following are the key findings of the latest Annual Status of Education Report, 2023:

Youth Enrollment in Education : 86% of youth in the 14-18 age group are within the formal education system (school or college). At age 14, the percentage of youth not enrolled is 5%, increasing to 30% by age 18 .
Educational Attainment Levels : 54% of youth in the 14-18 age group are enrolled in Std X or below, 25% in Std XI or XII, and 6% in undergraduate or other degree courses. 14% are not currently enrolled in any form of formal education .
Gender Disparity in Enrollment : The enrollment gap between males and females in formal education widens with age. At age 18, 32% of females are not enrolled compared to 28% of males .
Mathematical Ability : More than half of the youth struggle with division problems, with only 43% able to solve them correctly .
Reading Skills : 53% of all 14-year-olds can read English sentences, increasing to about 60% for 18-year-olds. Of those who can read English sentences, 79% can explain their meaning .
Applied Literacy and Numeracy Skills : A significant proportion of youth, even those who have completed eight years of schooling, lack foundational skills in reading and math .
Financial Literacy : 76% of youth could not count money correctly, and 56% could correctly add weights in kilograms .
Employment Among Youth : 42% of youth in the 14-18 age group are working, regardless of whether they are enrolled in formal education. Of these, 79% work in agriculture, primarily on their family’s farm .
Digital Skills and Access : Mobile phone usage is widespread among youth (73% had used a mobile phone within the last week). However, significant gender differences exist, with higher male usage compared to females. Only 28% had used the Internet, and 26% had used computers in the last week .
Geographical Awareness : 14% of youth could not identify a map of India, 36% couldn’t name the country’s capital, and 21% could not identify their state .
Career Aspirations : Medicine is the most preferred career (18.1%), followed by engineering (11.6%). The majority of boys wish to join the Army or police, while teaching is the most common preference among females. Only 1.2% of rural youth aspire to work in the agriculture sector .

What are the problems faced by India’s education system?

Very few have higher education:

Even after more than 100 years of the implementation of Gokhale Bill, 1911, universal primary education is still not achieved.
According to the 2011 Census, about 26% of the Indian population is still illiterate.
Currently, half of the population is either illiterate or with only primary education.
According to Educational Statistics at a Glance (ESAG) 2018, the measures to provide primary education has produced results across social and gender categories in Gross Enrolment Rate (GER).
There is an improvement in the female participation up to the secondary level and the GER for girls is more than the boys.
However, the girl’s gross enrolment rate is less than boys at the higher education level.
According to the National Sample Survey Office 71 st round, 2014, the drop-out rates are high for boys at the secondary level because of the economic activities, lack of interests and financial constraints.
Also, the transition rate from secondary school to higher education is very low.

Limited outcomes from education policies :

The reasons for this are as follows:

Higher priority is given to tertiary education when it comes to government spending. Though the government expenditure on elementary education is more than tertiary education, the expenditure per student is more in tertiary. Thus, the quality of elementary education is brought under question.
The quality of education is poor. 2018 Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) pointed out the deficiency in the foundational reading and arithmetic skills. The students are not improving in their higher studies since they are not thorough in the basics.
These policies are focused more on implementation rather than outcomes.

Problems with teachers:

Limited availability of teachers
Corruption in teacher appointment
Limitations of teacher training
Socio-cultural factors like a cynical attitude towards the teaching profession.
There is no accountability for the government teachers as they are guaranteed lifetime job security despite the performance.

The Economic Divide:

There is a stark difference between the rich and the poor at all levels of education.
The poor children are mostly concentrated in the government schools where the education quality and facility is poor.
In contrast, private schools, where the rich children are concentrated, provide a quality education leading to better results.
This difference is because there is an unreasonable hike in the private school fee, making them unaffordable for the poor.
The SC had once addressed this issue by stating that private schools have the power to increase the school fee. It had stated that a reasonable surplus can be generated by schools for the expansion of the institution. It had also pointed out the need for a balance of autonomy of institutions and measures to prevent commercialisation of education are necessary.
The vagueness of this judgement has dampened its outcome.
Though there are state laws that cap private school fees, the implementation and litigation problems have made them ineffective.
The CAG report had also mentioned the cases of misreporting and mismanagement of the private schools. There is a need for stricter laws, inspections and penalties to address this issue.

Unemployable workforce:

The educated youth in India are not employable since they lack the necessary industry-level skills.
The Indian education system does not give priority to the basic foundation.
Skill development programs cannot succeed without a basic foundation.
The government measures to address the unemployment crisis like PMKVY has shown poor results because of this reason.

Issues with Research and Development :

Though there is a steady increase in the Gross Expenditure on Research and Development (GERD), as a fraction of the total GDP, it has remained stagnant between 0.6-0.7percent of the GDP for the past 2 decades.
The universities play a relatively small role in research in India as there is a disconnection between research institutions and universities.
The separation of research from teaching has resulted in a situation wherein the universities have students but lack additional faculty support, while the research institutes have qualified faculty but no young students to undertake research work.
India currently spends very little on R&D purposes.
Incentives must be provided for private companies and universities to increase their R&D activities.

Low-quality infrastructures and education in government schools :

The RTE and SSA have increased the accessibility to government schools.
However, the quality of education and infrastructure in these schools is dismal.
There is a need for the rationalisation in the number of government schools in a particular area so that quality is given more focus instead of the quantity.
Integrated school complexes like Rajasthan’s Adarsh, wherein one school provides classes from I to XII under one principal, is a need of the hour.

New Education Policy 2023 (NEP 2023)

Aims to overhaul India’s education system to be more holistic, accessible, affordable, and relevant for the 21st century .
Achieve 100% youth and adult literacy by 2030.
Focus on imparting critical thinking and problem-solving skills.
Increase Gross Enrollment Ratio (GER) in higher education to 50% by 2025.
Emphasize multidisciplinary and flexible learning, and employability through vocational exposure .
Focus on equitable quality education for children aged 3-18 years.
Emphasis on creativity, critical thinking, communication skills, and vocational skills.
Introduction of innovative institutions like digital universities.
Replacement of the 10+2 structure with a 5+3+3+4 system.
Multilingual approach with a three-language formula up to Grade 12.
Curriculum to integrate fundamental concepts, skills, and multidisciplinary education.
Higher education to offer flexibility, integration with vocational education, and academic credit portability .
Use of mother tongue/regional language as medium of instruction from Grades 1-5 .
Integration of hands-on vocational education from Grade 6 onwards .
Focus on joyful, engaging, and stress-free learning.
Emphasis on experiential learning .
Introduction of a 5+3+3+4 system aligned with cognitive growth stages.
Reduction in curriculum load to prevent rote learning.
Flexibility in undergraduate programs with entry/exit options.
Board exams to assess core capacities instead of memorized facts .
Overhaul of regulatory architecture.
Restructuring of professional councils like AICTE and NCTE.
Evolution of HEIs into large multidisciplinary colleges by 2040 .
Hybrid learning combining online and offline instruction.
Establishment of digital universities.
Use of SWAYAM platform for online courses and virtual labs.
Implementation of an academic bank for credit storage and transfer .
Introduction of skills labs in schools from Grade 6.
Opportunities for internships/apprenticeships .
Targets for achieving quality education by 2040, including 50% GER by 2025.
Development of a teacher vacancies database and virtual labs.
Setting up the Higher Education Commission .

What can be the way forward?

Embracing Holistic and Inclusive Education : The New Education Policy (NEP) 2023 sets a transformative path for India’s education system. It advocates for a holistic educational framework that nurtures critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving abilities, aligning with the needs of the 21st century. Emphasis should be placed on implementing this holistic approach at all educational levels to foster a generation of innovative, adaptable, and intellectually equipped individuals.
Achieving Comprehensive Literacy : In line with NEP 2023’s ambitious goal to achieve 100% youth and adult literacy by 2030, concerted efforts are required at both governmental and grassroots levels. This includes enhancing accessibility to quality education across rural and urban divides and ensuring inclusive education for marginalized communities.
Restructuring Curriculum and Pedagogy : The NEP 2023 introduces a progressive 5+3+3+4 curricular structure, which better aligns with the cognitive development stages of learners. This restructured approach necessitates a comprehensive revamp of the existing pedagogical practices, focusing on reducing rote learning and encouraging experiential and inquiry-based learning methods.
Digital and Vocational Integration : In response to the rapidly evolving digital landscape, NEP 2023’s emphasis on digital empowerment and vocational education from an early age is a step forward. The integration of digital tools and vocational training in the curriculum can bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical skills, thus enhancing employability and adaptability in a dynamic job market.
Addressing Environmental Education : As underscored by the UNESCO 2023 State of the Education Report for India, integrating environmental education into the curriculum is vital. Educating the young generation about climate change and sustainability practices is imperative for fostering environmental stewardship and addressing the global challenges of climate change.
Fostering Research and Innovation : Strengthening research and innovation in educational institutions is crucial. Encouraging a research-oriented approach in higher education, coupled with adequate funding and support for innovative projects, can place India at the forefront of global educational and technological advancements.
Collaborative Efforts for Implementation : Successful implementation of NEP 2023 requires collaborative efforts from various stakeholders including educators, policymakers, industry experts, and communities. Regular monitoring, feedback mechanisms, and adaptive strategies should be employed to ensure the policy’s objectives are met effectively and efficiently.

Revamping India’s education system can enable us to solve all of the current problems faced by India. This includes poverty, unemployment, intolerance, etc. The government must take steps to mend the existing lacunae in India’s education system so as to improve the lives of all Indians.

Test Yourself

Critically analyse how India’s education system can be revamped to address the current demands. (250 words).

Academic Bank of Credit: will provide multiple entry and exit options for students in Higher education;
1st Year Engineering Programmes in Regional Languages
Guidelines for Internationalization of Higher Education.
Vidya Pravesh, a three month play based school preparation module for Grade 1 students
Indian Sign Language as a Subject at secondary level
NISHTHA 2.0, an integrated programme of teacher training designed by NCERT
SAFAL (Structured Assessment For Analyzing Learning Levels), a competency based assessment framework for Grades 3, 5 and 8 in CBSE schools
A website dedicated to Artificial Intelligence.
DIKSHA is the nation’s digital infrastructure for providing high-quality e-content for school education in states and UTs, as well as QR-coded Energized Textbooks for all grade levels (one nation, one digital platform).
Each class from 1 to 12 has one designated Swayam Prabha TV channel (one class, one channel).
Shiksha Vani – makes extensive use of radio, community radio, and CBSE podcasts. Special e-content for the visually and hearing impaired developed on the Digitally Accessible Information System (DAISY) and in sign language on the NIOS website/YouTube.
PM eVIDYA – unifies all initiatives related to digital education to enable multi-mode access to education.
UNESCO 2023 State of the Education Report for India : This report emphasizes the role of education in addressing climate change, integrating environmental education into the curriculum, and promoting sustainable development . The National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) aligns with the NEP 2020 in addressing climate change through school education. The report offers recommendations for enhancing the education sector’s role in combating climate change .

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Speech on the Education System in India

Introduction to Speech on the Education System in India

Education is a process of learning or teaching new skills or knowledge. Education is mostly provided in schools and universities. Education is very important for the development of the country. It helps in the economic development of the country. Education can change the life of a person. Former president of India Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam is the best example of how education can change the life of a person. Education if provided properly can change the perspective of people.

Here we have provided a long and short speech on the education system in India and along with that we have also given 10 line pointers about the speech on the education system.

Long Speech on Education System

Good morning to everyone present here. Today I am going to give a small speech on the education system in India. I hope you all learn new things from this speech.

Education is defined as the process of receiving or giving primary knowledge, especially at the school or university level. Education is a significant factor that helps in improving the literacy rate of the country. After Independence, the Indian government has mainly focused on providing education to everyone and for years the government has introduced new plans to improve Indian education.

The Indian education system is mainly divided into four stages namely lower primary for the children between the age of six to ten years, upper primary with children from the age of eleven years to twelve years. High school, in which the children start their school at the age of 13 and end it at 16 and at the age of 17 to 18 they finish their higher secondary school.

The Indian education system is considered to be the oldest among the education systems around the world. In spite of being the oldest, it is not the best. Lack of reforms and improvements makes the Indian education system ineffective and annoying.

From the beginning, the Indian education system is designed for a child to learn from the book and write exams just to get good grades. While it helps in improving the children's reading and writing ability, it does not help in learning the skills required to survive in the world.

We often hear on the news that unemployment in India is increasing day by day and in spite of many graduates having fancy degrees, many of them fail to land a job. So what is the reason for that? The answer is our Education system. The Indian education system is designed for students to score marks and get good grades and repeat the process but it was never designed to teach the students the skills required to survive in this world.

The education and the knowledge we receive from reading various books is unmatchable and I totally agree with that. But while the Indian education system provides theoretical knowledge for the students it is very important to also teach the students how to apply that knowledge practically which many students fail and that is the reason why there is an exponential increase in the unemployment rate in India.

It is the responsibility of the teachers to allow the students to think differently. The teachers should also make the student understand that classroom learning is important and should teach them how to practically apply it. In addition to this the teachers should be open to the idea of learning new things from the students.

Our education system could be improved if important steps are taken. Instead of encouraging students to study for the exam, where they only muggup the textbooks just for the sake of scoring well, more practical knowledge should be given to the students. The education authorities should give the students opportunities to apply the knowledge they have learned in the textbooks practically.

Our educational system should also allow the students to learn about the financial knowledge that would help them in surviving in this world. The education authorities should teach students about budgeting money, saving money, and the ways through which the money could be invested in different assets like stocks, gold, silver, etc. This will help the students to prepare for the future.

According to the United Nations Organization(UNO), India ranks 145 out of 191 in the world for providing education. We are not even in the top 50 in the world. This shows the level of improvement we need to do to update ourselves. If we want our country to grow and move forward we have to start by improving the education we provide for the children. As the saying goes “The children of today are the future of tomorrow”, we should start by updating the Indian education system from the primary level. Instead of only allowing the students to learn theoretical knowledge, the educational authorities should introduce practical methods through which children can apply the knowledge they learned through the books.

If by moderating our education system, we can bring a wave of revolution then we have to do it for the sake of a brighter future. Thank you.

Short Speech on Education System in India

Good morning to everyone present here. Today I am going to give a 3-minute speech on the education system in India and I hope you all get new information from this speech.

Education is defined as the process of learning or teaching new things. Education is mostly provided at the schools or the colleges.

Indian education is considered to be the oldest in the world. It has been involved through centuries and has produced many scholars and great achievers. But as the world changes the education system should also change. But sadly this has not been the case with India. Sadly the education system in India has not changed which leaves room for progress.

The Indian education system is all about reading textbooks to score well in exams and get good grades but it does not teach the students how to apply theoretical knowledge. It teaches the students to only muggle the textbooks and score well in the exams, we need to change this. The Indian education system desperately needs to be modernized and if it does not then the students will now grow in life.

The students should be encouraged to learn new things by the teachers. They should teach the students how to apply theoretical knowledge.

Financial education is also not taught to students in schools. The students should be taught the skills that could help them in making money. Education institutes should teach the students the methods in which money could be invested such as stocks, gold, real estate, etc.

To conclude this speech I want to say that the entire education system teaches the students about “what to know” through textbooks for scoring in exams but it does not allow the students to learn about “what and all they should know”. It is very important that the students should be taught about financial education and this can only be done by only modernizing the entire education system.

10 Lines About the Speech on the Education System

In the Indian education system, the knowledge learned through textbooks is given the most importance.

Education is defined as the process of giving information or receiving it from schools or colleges.

The Indian education system is considered to be one of the oldest in the world.

In spite of being the oldest, it is not the best as there are many loopholes in it.

Indian education is divided into four stages and that is lower primary, upper primary, high school, and higher secondary school.

The students should be allowed to do practical work for the theoretical knowledge they learned through books.

Education costs should be reduced as many people cannot afford education.

The government has given scholarships to students to complete their higher education.

The teachers should encourage students to think differently.

Unemployment in India has increased in spite of many students having a degree. This is because students don’t have enough practical knowledge.

FAQs on Speech on the Education System in India

1. What is the importance of delivering education speech?

We all are aware of the importance of education in our society. Education helps to shape our future and enlighten us about the various aspects of our society. Education helps to diminish the darkness of our minds by illuminating our minds with the light of knowledge.

The purpose of delivering an education speech is to reach a larger audience and make them understand the importance of education in our society and especially for women and children. The purpose of being educated can only be served when the knowledge will help others to get motivated and drive them towards acquiring knowledge and education.

Proper education can reshape our thinking ability and boost the power of thinking rationally. The purpose of education is to make this society safe and ideal for the growth and nourishment of the minds of the children. It can only happen when a larger percentage of the inhabitants of our society will understand the value of education.

Delivering a proper education speech will make the members of our society ponder over the significance of education and the influences it can have on the minds of the future generation. They will understand the value of justice and equality for all the members of our society and will help each other to make society a gender-neutral platform.

2. What are the points that should be included in an education speech?

An educational speech should be formatted properly because only then it can draw the attention of the audience. While drafting the manuscript of your education speech that you are going to deliver, remember to include only the main ideas and the facts that are considered of prime significance behind the idea of educating people. Including too many ideas that are not relevant to the topic will deviate the readers from grasping the significance of education.

You should always communicate your thoughts and ideas in lucid language so that the audience can understand your point of view and analyze them in their minds. Do not forget to hold your personal opinion and suggestions to improve the education system in our country. A personal touch in any speech can inspire the audience.

You should always start your speech by discussing the key points that should be considered while talking about the influences of getting educated. Always include facts that are proven and mention the latest studies and findings regarding the subject matter. You can also share your own opinion and solutions that people should work on to improve the standard of the education system.

While delivering a speech, always remember to connect with the audience by addressing them in the second person. Maintaining proper eye contact with the audience is highly important because they should not be treated as separate identities. Also, prepare your speech considering the time limit you will have.

3. What are the points that should be included in an education speech while discussing ideas to make the education process enjoyable?

Students enjoy learning when the classroom is student-oriented and not teacher-centric. That means that students should be provided with equal opportunities to communicate and share their own thoughts and ideas on a particular topic. The students should also go through the content they should learn in the next classes so that they can also equally participate in the discussion with the mentors. Preparing beforehand will provide them with the opportunities to clarify their doubts with the mentors. Since the content included in your education speech should be customized, it is better that you participate in brainstorming new ideas that you can talk about while delivering the speech.

4. How to come up with new ideas for delivering a proper education speech?

Brainstorming sessions are ideal to come up with new ideas. The more time you will invest in thinking about the different aspects regarding a particular topic, the more the content will be relevant and attract the attention of the audience. Since education is one of the most popular and important topics that one can talk about, the speakers should always include only the key points. In order to make the speech interesting, the speaker should always establish direct communication with the audience by asking them a few questions that they can answer in 'yes' or 'no'. They should also work on thinking about some unique strategies and ideas that can make their speech more relatable.

5. How to learn the methods of delivering an education speech?

The articles published on Vedantu can give you a clear idea of how to deliver a speech. You can also go through the articles that are subject-specific. For more details, you can download the printable materials from the website. The articles published on the website of Vedantu consist of the content that should be delivered through a long or a short speech.

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Education System in India: Everything You Need To Know

Manali Ganguly ,

Mar 4, 2024

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The education system in India has evolved in the past few years to accommodate a more logical and practical approach towards education. The Indian education system can be roughly divided into the pre-primary, primary, secondary, higher secondary, graduate and the postgraduate levels.

Education System in India: Everything You Need To Know

The education system in India has evolved over the years and plays an important role in shaping not just the careers of the students but their lives as well. The education system in India is divided into several levels. They are the pre-primary level, the primary level, the secondary level, the higher secondary level, the graduate level and the postgraduate level.

In India, the education system can be said to be state-run. There are centralised boards as well as state boards to which the schools are affiliated. After the higher secondary level, education is imparted in colleges and universities, where the courses are bifurcated into academic, professional, and vocational courses.

An in-depth study of the complete system is crucial for a clearer understanding.

Table of Contents

Current Education System in India

Literacy Rate in India

Right to Education Act (RTE)

Stages of education in india, central and state school education boards, education schemes in india, challenges faced by the education system in india.

The education system that is currently existing in India can be said to have come down since the Rig Vedic times. In the early period, Mathematics was the only subject through which education was imparted which implies a logical approach to learning. In the latter period, subjects that were included to be taught were Pali grammar, buddhist literature, social values and logic.

For the Hindu society, education was imparted in pathshalas or gurukuls where the students had to stay and serve the ‘guru’ or the teacher and learn their lessons there. Education was free in those times. In a Muslim society there were Madrasas and Maqtabs. The Madrasas exist till today.

When India became a British colony, initially the East India Company did not think of working on or improving the education system in India. It was later that the missionaries coming from Europe introduced Western education in the country. The Sergeant Commission and the Hunter Commission are the commissions that were set up by the British to improve the quality of education in India.

There was immense improvement in the Indian system of education in the postcolonial period. The modern education system in India can be segmented into four distinctive layers roughly. They are: primary,secondary, higher secondary and higher education.

Modern India made it mandatory to educate children in the age group of 6 years to 14 years. The higher education refers to the education after completing the higher secondary level. The graduate, post graduate, doctoral and postdoctoral levels constitute the higher education in the country.

Also Read: Indian Education System vs Foreign Education System

New Education Policy

The New Education Policy has made several amendments in the education system in India. The moderations made in the system has been mentioned in the section below:

The foundational stage of education runs for 5 years. The age group covered in this segment is 3 years to 8 years.
The preparatory stage runs for 3 years. The age group covered in this stage is 8 years to 11 years, which ideally corresponds to classes 5 to 8.
The middle stage of education is between the age group of 11 years to 14 years. The classes covered are 6 to 8.
The secondary stage is between 14 years and 16 years which includes the classes 9 and 10.
The higher secondary stage is between 16 years and 18 years which corresponds to the higher secondary classes of 11 and 12.

Also Read: What is Quality Education? Meaning and Importance

Literacy Rate in India

The education system in India is controlled and supervised by three central committees - University Grants Commission (UGC). National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT), and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE). There exists a Ministry of Education in each state. There are more than 37000 colleges and 700 universities in India.

The literacy rate in India for seven year olds and above is 74.04%. The male literacy rate stands at 82.14% while the female literacy rate in India is 65.46%. The GER or General Enrolment Ratio for higher education in India stands at 26.30%. The GER is a metric that represents the percentage of people in the age group of 18 years to 23 years going for higher education.

Also Read: 10 Ways to Balance Student Life And Academics

The Right to Education Act was enacted on Aug 4, 2009, and came into force in Apr 2010. This is an Act of the Parliament of India to safeguard the rights of children to education free of cost. As per the act, the children are entitled to receive free and compulsory education from 6 years of age to 14 years of age.

The Right to Education Act makes it mandatory for the children to free fundamental education irrespective of caste, creed or gender. The Act lists down the norms that the schools must abide by while imparting elementary education to the children of the specified age group.

Also Read: Best Career Options for Girl in India

The education system in India is divided into the pre primary level, the primary or the elementary level, the secondary level, the higher secondary level, the graduate level, the postgraduate level, and the doctoral and postdoctoral levels. The description for each level can be found below.

Pre-Primary Level: This stage covers the education of children between 3 and 6 years of age. While terminology may differ for different regions and schools, this stage mostly starts from the playgroup and ends with upper kindergarten.

Primary Level: This is a relatively longer stage and covers classes 1 to 8 in school. Classes 1 to 5 constitute the primary level and classes 6 to 8 constitute the upper primary level.

Secondary Level: This stage is constituted by classes 9 and 10 in school.

Higher Secondary Level: This stage includes classes 11 and 12 in school.

Graduate Level: This stage includes 3 years of degree courses which are done in the college.

Postgraduate Level: The postgraduate stage can be done in the colleges or universities.

Doctoral and Postdoctoral Levels: The doctoral and postdoctoral levels require research and are done at the universities.

Also Read: Types of Education: Formal, Informal & Non-Formal

There are a number of education boards in India apart from the state education boards. The central boards are CBSE, CISCE, and NIOS. Each of these boards has a separate set of curriculum for teaching as well as conducting exams.

The centrally operating education boards in India are the following:

Council for the Indian School Certificate Examinations (CISCE)
Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE)
National Institute of Open Schooling (NIOS)

The state-run education boards in India can be found below:

Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB)
Punjab School Education Board (PSEB)
Madhya Pradesh Board of Secondary Education (MPBSE)
Jammu and Kashmir State Board of School Education (JKBOSE)
Board of High School and Intermediate Education Uttar Pradesh
Chhattisgarh Board of Secondary Education (CGBSE)
Board of Secondary Education Rajasthan (RBSE)
Haryana Board of School Education (HBSE)
Himachal Pradesh Board of School Education (HPBOSE)
Andhra Pradesh Board of Secondary Education (BSEAP)
Andhra Pradesh Board of Intermediate Education (BIEAP)
West Bengal Board of Secondary Education (WBBSE)
Maharashtra State Board Of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education (MSBSHSE)
Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board (GSEB)

Also Read: CBSE vs State Boards: Which is Better?

The education system in India has witnessed the introduction of various kinds of educational schemes aiming at improving the quality of education among the targeted population. All such schemes that have been introduced and implemented to improvement the education system and therefore the literacy rate are mentioned below:

1. Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act (2009) : This act was passed in 2009 to make education compulsory for all children aged between 6 and 14 years.

2. Scheme for Promotion of Academic and Research Collaboration (SPARC): This scheme was introduced to aid in the development and promotion of a conducive ecosystem in the higher educational institutes for conducting research by way of communication and exchange of ideas with the foreign nations.

3. National Educational Alliance for Technology (NEAT): This scheme aimed at improving the quality of education in the higher educational institutes.

4. Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA): This scheme was introduced in 2013 by the-then Ministry of Education. This scheme is sponsored by the Centre to facilitate strategic development in the higher educational institutes of the country.

5. NISHTHA 2.0: This scheme was introduced to train the teachers as per requirement to support logical and critical thinking in students.

6. Pradhan Mantri Schools for Rising India (PM-SHRI) Yojana: This scheme has been introduced by the Government of India to facilitate better learning in 14,000 schools located country wide. The aim is to improve and uplift the education in these schools to bring them at par with the other centrally controlled and state controlled schools in the country.

7. Mid-Day Meal Scheme: This system was renamed the PM Poshan or Pradhan Mantri Poshan Shakti Nirman in September 2021. This scheme offers lunch to the children from classes 1 to 8 in the government-run schools.

8. PRAGYATA: This scheme issues an advisory in the form of guidelines, created by the NCERT, to the schools for digital education.

9. Samagra Shiksha: This scheme merges together the schemes of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Teacher Education (TE), and Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA). This scheme covers the pre primary to the higher secondary level of education in the schools. The scheme fosters equal and all-inclusive education in the schools.

Also Read: Women Education in India: Importance, Welfare Schemes, and Benefits

Despite the all round development of the education system in India, there are a few challenges faced by the system. Corrective measures can help in dealing with the challenges and taking the education system of India to be at par with the top ranking systems in the world.

The challenges faced by the system are:

1. Lack of Infrastructure: The lack of infrastructure in most of the schools in the rural area leads to an insufficient development of the students in terms of learning.

2. Rote Learning Methods: This is one of the major drawbacks of the Indian education system. As compared to the top ranking countries, in terms of education, the education system in India lies behind because of the rote learning techniques. The ways of teaching in most of the schools are rather outdated, despite digital platforms being used in a few. Stressing on rote learning fails to instil interest in the students thereby leading to a half hearted knowledge.

3. Lack of Practical Application: Most of the lessons imparted in the school level lack any demonstration or practical application. This leads to an insufficient knowledge among the students which hinders their educational growth in the long run.

4. Expensive Education: The top private schools rank among the best schools in the country. However, the expenses are sky reaching which makes it not just difficult but impossible for most of the population to afford these schools.

5. Teacher to Student Ratio: This is a factor that is constantly hindering proper learning among the students. The class strengths are quite high which makes it difficult for the teachers to pay attention to individual students and address their needs.

Also Read: 5 Advantages And Disadvantages Of Online Education

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Education system in india, english essay, paragraph, speech for class 9, 10, 12 in 300 words., education system in india.

The education system in India is a large and complex system that is responsible for providing education to millions of students across the country. The education system in India is divided into three main levels: primary, secondary, and higher education.

Primary education in India is compulsory and free for children aged 6 to 14. It is typically provided through government-run schools, although there are also private schools available. Primary education in India covers a wide range of subjects, including mathematics, science, social studies, language, and physical education.

Secondary education in India is also free and compulsory for children aged 14 to 18. It is typically provided through high schools, which offer a range of subjects, including science, math, and humanities. Students can choose to specialize in a particular subject area or take a more general curriculum.

Higher education in India is provided through universities and colleges, which offer a wide range of academic and professional programs. Higher education in India is not free, and students are required to pay tuition fees. There are both public and private universities and colleges in India, and the cost of tuition can vary significantly depending on the institution and program.

Overall, the education system in India is a complex and diverse system that is responsible for providing education to millions of students across the country. It is divided into three main levels: primary, secondary, and higher education, and offers a wide range of academic and professional programs.

Essay on Indian Education System in English for Children and Students

Table of Contents

Essay on Indian Education System: Indian education system has changed over the time. A major change in our education system came with the colonization of the country by the Britishers. It was the British Government who introduced modern education in India, as they wanted some educated Indians to assist them in administering the state. Indian education system is mainly divided into four stages – lower primary, upper primary, high school and higher secondary.

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Long and Short Essays on Indian Education System in English

Here are Long and Short Essays on Indian Education system in English of varying lengths to help you with the topic in your exam.

After going through this Indian Education System Essay you will be well versed with the Indian Education system and its shortcomings.

Also, you would be able to assess it and make suggestions for its improvement.

These Essays will help you in your school essay writing competition and also in several debate competitions.

Short Essay on Indian Education System – Essay 1 (200 words)

Essay on Indian Education System Needs Serious Reforms – Essay 2 (300 words)

Introduction

Need to Think Out of the Box

Need for All Round Development

The people in power must understand that the Indian education system requires serious reforms. The system must change to develop students spiritually, morally, physically as well as mentally.

Essay on Indian Education System and Its Development – Essay 3 (400 words)

The Gurukul

British Brought About Changes in the Indian Education System

Introduction of Educomp Smart Classes

So, there has been a major shift in the Indian education system since the ancient times. However, we require further reforms in the system for the proper development of the students.

Essay on Education System in India is Good or Bad – Essay 4 (500 words)

The Good and Bad of the Indian Education System

While the people in power discuss the good and the bad in the Indian education system and whether there is a need to bring in reforms or not, here is a look at the pros and cons of the same.

Cons of Indian Education System

Indian education system has many cons. Here is a look at some of the main cons in the system:

Lack of Practical Knowledge

Focus of the Indian education system is on the theoretical part. Teachers read out from the book during the classes and explain the concepts verbally. Students expected to understand even the intricate concepts theoretically. The need to impart practical knowledge is not felt even though it is highly essential.

Focus on Grades

No Significance to All Round Development

The focus is only on studies. No effort is made to build a student’s character or his physical health. The schools do not contribute in the all round development of their students.

Over Burdening

Pros of Indian Education System

Here are some of the pros of the Indian education system:

Provides Knowledge on Different Subjects

Inculcates Discipline

The schools in India are very particular about their timings, time table, ethical code, marking system and study schedule. Students need to follow the rules set by the school else they punished. This is a good way to inculcate discipline in the students.

Increases Grasping Power

Owing to the marking and ranking system in the Indian schools, the students required to learn their lessons thoroughly. They need to do so in order to fetch good marks and rank higher than their classmates. They look for different ways to concentrate and grasp better. Those who identify the tools that help them grasp better are able to enhance their grasping power which helps them throughout their lives.

Indian education system has criticized time and again. There is a tremendous need to change this system to ensure proper development of our young generation.

Long Essay on Indian Education System – Essay 5 (600 words)

Indian education system is one of the oldest education systems around the globe. It is unfortunate that while the education systems of the other nations have undergone major changes with the changing times and technological advancement we are still stuck with the old and mundane system. Neither has our system seen any major change in the curriculum nor has there any significant change in the way the education imparted.

Problems with Indian Education System

The Indian education system has numerous problems that hinder the proper growth and development of an individual. One of the main problems with the Indian education system is its marking system. The intelligence of the students judged by the way they perform in a 3 hour theoretical paper rather than by their overall performance in the class. In such a scenario, learning lessons to get good marks becomes the sole aim of the students. They are not able to think beyond it. They not bothered about understanding concepts or enhancing their knowledge all they think about is to look for ways to get good marks.

Another problem is that the focus is only on theory. No importance given to practical learning. Our education system encourages the students to become bookworms and does not prepare them for handling the real problems and challenges of life.

Academics given so much importance that the need to involve the students in sports and art activities overlooked. Students also overburdened with studies. Regular exams held and students scrutinized at every step. This creates acute stress among the students. The stress level of the students continues to grow as they advance to higher classes.

Ways to Improve Indian Education System

Many ideas and suggestions have shared to improve the Indian education system. Some of the ways to change our education system for good include:

Focus on Skill Development

It is the time for the Indian schools and colleges to stop putting so much importance to the marks and ranks of the students and focus on skill development instead. The cognitive, problem solving, analytical and creative thinking skills of the students must enhanced. In order to do so they must involved in various academic as well as extra-curricular activities instead of caging them in the dull class room sessions.

Impart Practical Knowledge

Practical knowledge is very important to develop a thorough understanding of any subject. However, our Indian education system focuses mainly on theoretical knowledge. This needs to changed. Students must imparted practical knowledge for better understanding and application.

Revise the Curriculum

The curriculum of our schools and colleges is the same since decades. It is the time to change it as per the changing times so that the students learn things more relevant to their times. For instance, computer should become one of the main subjects in schools so that students learn how to work efficiently on the same from the very beginning. Similarly, there should classes on developing good communication skills as it is the need of the hour.

Hire Better Teaching Staff

In order to save a few bucks, the educational institutes in our country hire teachers who demand less salary even if they not highly skilled and experienced. This approach must changed. Good teaching staff must hired in order to nurture the young minds well.

Look Beyond Academics

The education system of our country must look beyond academics. Sports, arts and other activities must also given importance to ensure the all round development of students.

While the need to change the Indian education system has emphasized several times nothing much has done in this regard. It is the time to understand the importance of changing this old system for the better future of the children as well as the country as a whole.

Elementary Education: Moving Towards RTE And Quality Improvement

Elementary education is fundamental in providing the basis for a rational populace and consequently equitable economic growth with advances in all human welfare indices. This article comprehensively covers details on Right to Education and the shift of focus towards providing Quality education.

Aspirants would find this article very helpful while preparing for the IAS Exam .

The wide ranging benefits of elementary education from contribution to economic growth, overcoming economic and social inequalities, empowerment, reduction of population growth and fertility to child health via mother’s schooling has weighed heavily in the evolution of a consensual view of elementary education as a fundamental right.

To know in detail about the State of School Education System in India , candidates can visit the linked article.

Right to Education Act (2009) and Related Developments

Right of the Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009 became operative on April 1, 2010. Thereafter, Government took various steps to implement it including-

(i) notification of the Right of the Children to Free and Compulsory Education Rules 2010 and framing of the Model Rules for circulation to the states to enable them to formulate the State Rules under the Act.

(ii) National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) as the academic authority to lay down teacher qualification

(iii) National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) as the academic authority to lay down the curriculum and evaluation procedure and

(iv) National Advisory Council (NAC) under the Act.

The Right to Education Act (RTE) is important legislation that marks a watershed in the education system in India. Know in detail about RTE at the linked article.

In addition, Government has taken steps to align the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) norms with the provisions of the RTE Act. The Government has launched the year long ‘Shiksha ka Haq Abhiyan’ to create awareness among people about Right to Education and their entitlements to free and compulsory education. The Government has also accorded approval to financial estimates of Rs 2.31 lakh crore for the implementation of the RTE act over a period of five years starting from 2010-15. The 13th Finance Commission earmarked a sum of Rs 23,068 crore for the same period specifically towards elementary education. Notification of teacher qualification under Section 23 of the RTE Act and the prescription of a teacher Eligibility Test by the National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE) were other significant developments pursuant to the RTE Act becoming operative in the country. These policy initiatives reaffirm the commitment of the state to universalise elementary education.

Learn more about the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 at the linked article.

Transition from SSA to Right To Education (RTE)

Right to Education– Shift of Focus from Quantity to Quality The Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) framework of implementation and norms for interventions have been revised to correspond with the provisions of the RTE Act. This includes interventions, inter alia for

i. opening new primary and upper primary schools as per the neighbourhood norms notified by State Governments in the RTE Rules, and to expand existing infrastructure(additional classrooms, toilets, drinking water facilities) and provide maintenance grants and school improvement grants

ii. support for residential schools for children in areas which are sparsely populated, or hilly or densely forested with difficult terrain, and for urban deprived homeless and street children in difficult circumstances,

iii. special training for admission of out-of-school children in age appropriate classes,

iv. additional teachers as per norms specified in the RTE Act, and provide extensive training and grants for development for teacher training materials and strengthening the academic support structure

v. two sets of uniforms for all girls, and children belonging to SC/ST/BPL families,

vi. strengthening of academic support through block and cluster resource centres, schools, etc.

vii. Provide quality elementary education including life skills with a special focus on the education of girls and children with special needs as well as computer education to bridge vital divide. The focus is no more only on the quantitative expansion of institutions and enrolment but equal emphasis is being laid on the quality improvement. The school system is being revitalized by introducing administrative and management reforms, curriculum renewal, teaching methodologies to evolve the facilitating conditions for learner to remain in the school for eight years and not dropping out. The central government is providing additional support and funds to the state governments by launching Centrally Sponsored Schemes aiming at improvement in educational facilities, enrollment, nutritional level of children and the learning competencies to accomplish the goal of UEE. The sustained effort of the government has resulted into significant growth in number of educational institutions, teachers and students.

Also, refer to the following links:

Progress Overview

A Birds Eye View With the opening of new schools and up gradation of the existing schools access and enrollment at the primary level has attained near universal levels, the gender gap has reduced significantly with more number of girls getting enrolled and the enrollment of children belonging to socially disadvantaged groups i.e. Scheduled Caste and Scheduled tribes is on increase. Nonetheless there remains an unfinished agenda of universalising education at the upper primary stage. Performance of RTE/SSA In addition to considerable increase in the number of schools special attention has been paid to improve other facilities. These included construction of additional classrooms, toilets, additional drinking water facilities, supply of text books and uniform Age Appropriate Training. To ensure that no child remains out of school, RTE 2009 makes specific provision for Special Training for age appropriate admission for out-of-school children which imply that children will be enrolled in the class that corresponds to their age. The actions required are

(i) immediate enrollment in school;

(ii) organisation of special training of flexible duration to enable the child to be at par with other children;

(iii) mainstreaming child into regular school in the age-appropriate class on completion of Special Training,

(iv) continued support to the child, once admitted to the regular school to ensure that the child gets integrated with the class socially, emotionally and academically.

Uniform Eight year elementary Education Cycle

There is no uniformity in the structure of elementary education cycle and few states still follow a seven year elementary education cycle. RTE/SSA stipulates that all the states to adopt a common structure of eight years.

Central Teacher Eligibility Test (CTET)

Quality of teachers has been a major cause of worry in the country and one of the basic pre requisites to improve quality. With the aim to recruit quality teachers, CBSE conducted the first CTET test on 26th June 2011.

Education of Children with Special Needs

With the mandate of providing education to every child with special needs irrespective of the kind, category and degree of disability, in an appropriate environment, household surveys and special surveys have been conducted by all the states to identify the children with special needs. 32.68 lakh children with special needs have been identified, 26.46 lakh children with special needs (87.38% of those identified are enrolled in schools. In all about 95.33% of the identified children with special needs have been covered through various strategies like enrollment in schools, School Readiness Programme and Home Based Education.

Focusing on Special Districts

Special focus districts have been identified which are predominantly inhabited by disadvantaged social groups and are deficient in infrastructure. These districts have been divided into three categories viz. a) SFD-A Category (70 districts): Districts with a gap in additional classrooms exceeding 3000. b) SFD-B Category (173 districts): These are districts which have more than 20,000 out of school children (27), districts with Retention Rate lower than 60% (126), and districts with a gender gap of more than 10% at primary or more than 20% at upper primary level (20).

Bridging Gender, Social and Minorities Gaps

In order to increase the participation of girls and other special category children, specific interventions are being made. In order to increase the participation of girls and other special category children, specific interventions are being made. National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL), is a focused intervention of Government of India, to reach the “Hardest to Reach” girls, especially those not in school. The programme provides for development of a “model school” in every cluster with more intense community mobilization and supervision of girls enrolment in schools. Gender sensitization of teachers, development of gender-sensitive learning materials, and provision of need-based incentives like escorts, stationery, workbooks and uniforms are some of the endeavours under the programme. Up to June 2012 under NPEGEL around 41,779 Model cluster schools have been developed in 3,353 blocks of 42 districts covering about 41.2 million girls through different strategies.

c) SFD-C Category (109 ST, 61 SC, 121 PMO’s Minority Concentrated Districts (MCD), 88 districts having 20% or more Muslim population, 35 Naxalite affected and 94 Border Area districts): Around 258 such districts have been identified and targetted interventions like the opening of schools, construction of additional classrooms, recruitment of additional teachers were carried on. It is also proposed that the district plans should provide for interventions to focus on the specific problems of these districts. Scheme to Provide quality Education in Madrasa (SPQEM) seeks to bring about qualitative improvement in Madrasas to enable Muslim children attain standards of the national education system in formal education subjects. The salient features of the SPQEM scheme are to strengthen capacities in Madrassas for teaching of the formal curriculum subjects like Science, Mathematics, Language, Social Studies etc. through enhanced payment of teacher honorarium; training of such teachers every two years in new pedagogical practices and provision of Science/Mathematics kits in primary/upper primary level madrassas.

Scheme for Infrastructure Development in Private Aided/ Unaided Minority Institutes (IDMI)

The scheme would facilitate education of minorities by augmenting and strengthening school infrastructure in Minority Institutions (elementary/secondary/ senior secondary schools) in order to expand facilities for formal education to children of minority communities. The scheme will inter alia encourage educational facilities for girls, children with special needs and those who are most deprived educationally amongst minorities.

National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (Mid Day Meal Scheme)

Expansion of Midday meal scheme: India’s Mid Day meal scheme is the world’s largest school feeding programme that reaches out to about 12 crore children in over 12.65 lakh schools all over the country. Today the Scheme covers primary and upper primary school children across the country, studying in Government, Government-aided and 30 Local Body schools and EGS/AIE Centres supported under SSA including Madrasas and Maqtabs as well as children under the National Child Labour Projects (NCLP).

Mid Day Meal Scheme is one meal that is provided to all children enrolled in government schools, government-aided schools, local body schools, special training centres (STC), madrasas and maktabs supported under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA). Know more about MSMS at the linked article.

Driving Factors of Mid Day Meal Scheme

Overall there are 42 national level institutions which monitor the Mid Day Meal Scheme. Panchayats, self help groups and NGOs are actively involved in the management and implementation of the Programme. Most importantly, school management, village education committees and parent-teachers committees monitor the scheme. Representatives of the Panchayats have been vested with the duty of monitoring cleanliness, cooking, and availability of goods on a daily basis. State government officials are recommended that 25% of all primary schools are visited every quarter. Food Corporation of India (FCI) is also responsible for the uninterrupted availability of food grains and is asked to advance quantity of food grains for upto one month. Moreover decentralisation of payment of cost of food grains to the FCI at the district level have been made w.e.f 1.4.2010.

Teacher Management and Training

Recognising the need for training of teachers to further update their knowledge and teaching skills special efforts were made to impart in service-training to the teachers. As a result the percentage of professionally trained teachers has gone up for both regular and contractual teachers. However, still not even half of the contractual teachers are untrained and about a quarter of regular teachers lack professional training. The percentage of teachers receiving in service training in Government schools has been much higher than the aided and unaided schools With the exception of Mizoram, the teacher training percentage has been amongst the lowest in other North Eastern States as well as Bihar, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Haryana and Chandigarh. This calls for more dedicated and conscious efforts at teacher development in the country as a whole with greater priority in the above identified States.

Tasks Ahead

From the foregoing discussion it emerges that states may have to give increased priority to reduce gender and social disparities. Further, several underdeveloped areas/district must be paid greater attention. Efforts must be made to ensure that all children not only attend schools and complete elementary education cycle but also acquire basic competencies expected from completion of primary and upper primary grades. Retention of children from marginalised groups particularly SC, ST and Muslim girls, the most vulnerable should be high on Gender and social inclusion as well as quality agenda. As widely shared teachers would play critical role in this great educational transformation. It is only teacher’s commitment and professional training that can ensure higher levels of participation and learning of children in education. Thus, additional incentives should be provided to teachers to inculcate and sustain teachers’ commitment. Facilities and curricular content of in–service training also needs to be upgraded and strengthened. Develop appropriate teaching learning material and training designs to ensure that gender and social inclusion receive top priority. Capacity building for preparation of region specific school development plans in the light of macro-economic context of these regions is required to bridge the regional disparities.

The above details would help candidates prepare for UPSC 2021 .

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Essay on “Problems in Indian Education System” Complete Essay for Class 9, Class 10, Class 12 and Graduation and other classes.

Problems in Indian Education System

Our education system is grossly inadequate in meeting the standards of education that many other countries have developed. Our education system, which does not have a national standard for goals, curriculum, or regulations, with other countries that do but the findings nevertheless reflect the need for change. Our education system at this time is regulated by states which implement their own curriculum, set their own goals and have their own requirements for teacher preparation. Combined with this is the fact that we have lowered our expectations in these areas, thus we are not providing an equal or quality education to all students across the country. Teachers often develop academic expectations of students based on characteristics that are unrelated to academic progress. These expectations can affect the way educators present themselves toward the student, causing an alteration in the way our students learn, and thus causing an overall degeneration in the potential growth of the student.

The most obvious characteristic that educators present to the students is in the area of body language and facial expression. We tend to present ourselves in a more professional manner to our good students, speaking more clearly and with a stronger tone of voice. We tend to stand more upright, in a more powerful stance, than to the slouching effect we give to the underachiever. The head shakes, glancing with our eyes, hand gestures, and posture all contribute to the way we look at certain students based on our first impressions which came before we even knew the student.

Schools are often blamed for the ills of society, yet society has a impact on our education system. The problems that schools are facing today are certainly connected to the problems that our society faces, including drugs, violence and the changing of our family structure. There are many methods that schools have begun to use in order to deal with the problems they are faced with and still offer the best possible education to our youth.

The use of drugs in the general population has become a very serious problem in society and within the school system. There are two aspects of drug use that teachers have to deal with now. The first is in trying to teach the new generation of crack babies that are now entering the schools. These students have extremely low attention spans and can be very disruptive in class. Violence, both in society and in the school system has also been identified as a serious problem. Educators are also being trained to identify those students who may be violent and to provide non-violent crisis intervention. It is an undeniable fact that our society has a serious problem concerning violence and that the violence on the streets is certainly connected to the violence in the schools. It seems questionable that even these measures will significantly reduce the problem in schools, but certainly the process of teaching can continue in a less stressful atmosphere by having these measures in place. Similarly, child abuse has become a major issue in society and schools. It is not clear whether there is a rise in the occurrences of abuse or whether better awareness has increased the statistics, but it cannot be argued that this a significant problem and one that effects those educators who have to help students who are either abused or neglected. Strict regulations concerning the accountability of teachers regarding the reporting of child abuse or neglect are in effect. Teachers are required to be trained on the ability to identify abuse. Community agencies, shelters and child welfare agencies have begun working in conjunction with schools in order to deal with the problem with as little disruption in the student’s education as possible.

Clearly our schools and society face the same problems. It has become necessary for all people, apart from just educators, to be more aware of the problems. Although some intervention programmes have been implemented and in some cases are very successful, it is becoming more apparent that these problems are going to continue and will have a direct consequence on our future in this country. Our society need to understand that the schools are not responsible for the cause of these problems or the solutions but rather all aspects of society, including schools are intertwined and need to collectively work together if we are ever to make progress toward resolving these problems in the long run.

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Indian Education is one of the largest and complex education systems in the world along with China. India is committed to providing basic Education to its citizens, the framework of which is defined in the National Policy of Education. Elementary Education is now compulsory in India. At the time of Independence, only 14% of India's population ...
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Conclusion of Essay on Indian Education System. In conclusion, the Indian education system is a complex and evolving landscape. It has its strengths, including its emphasis on STEM subjects and rote learning, and its challenges, such as the rural-urban education divide and exam pressure. However, with ongoing reforms and a focus on holistic ...
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