managerial implications in thesis

2.3.10 Managerial Implications

Cover Page      Executive Summary      Table of Contents      Background      Problem/ Opportunity      Research Objectives

Action Standard      Research Method      Research Results      Managerial Implications      Appendices      Acknowledge Sources

Managerial  Implications summarize what the results mean in terms of actions. In other words, Managerial Implications compare the results to the action standard, and indicate what action—or even non-action—should be taken in response.

Managerial Implications should focus only on the evidence provided in the report rather than on how to implement the results. If explicitly asked to do so, you may add sections—clearly labeled—that separate your idea generation from the evidence-based interpretation of the research results.

In terms of order, the Managerial Implications should flow directly from the Objectives , summarizing the answers to the questions asked and the evidence in support of the answers.

The Managerial Implications may identify additional information needed for greater certainty. It should also remind the reader of limitations or caveats about the using the results, such as amount, quality or timeliness of the data.

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How to Write Extraordinary “Managerial Recommendations” in Your Thesis!

Imagine the following scene: You go to a doctor because you have a weird pain in what you think might be a human organ, which for some unknown reason you have in your body. After arriving at the hospital, you describe to the doctor your condition:

You are not sure if the pain was caused because you have been eating too many slices of four cheese pizza (my favorite flavor) or simply because you have been drinking 5 cappuccinos per day for the last 5.913 consecutive days (which I probably also have).

The doctor asks you to follow the nurse and go through a few check-up tests: MRIs, X-rays, blood tests, 5km sprints, gardening techniques, singing “Bohemian Rhapsody” a Capella and much more. Once all check-ups are over, the doctor examines all results and tells you:

“Son, I think you have a rare form of claustrophobic pancreas. This is affecting the inner pride of your lungs and making your expansive heart feel both lonely and susceptible to storms of tears”.

After describing quite poetically your condition, the doctor simply leaves the room and goes away.

Would you think this is a good doctor? ABSOLUTELY NOT! Why? Well, apart from having bizarre methods of investigation and post-modern terms to describe one’s condition, the doctor HAS NOT TOLD YOU WHAT TO DO BASED ON THE RESULTS OF YOUR CHECK-UP!

EXACTLY! The development and interpretation of results from a patients’ diagnosis represents only 50% of a doctors’ job. The other 50% represents ACCURATELY SAYING WHAT THE PATIENT MUST DO BASED ON RESULTS to heal the negative condition.

IMPORTANT: In your thesis, we call it “managerial recommendations” or “managerial Implications”. It represents the moment where you tell the reader what should or must be done based on the findings of your thesis.

Ps: Does it also represent 50% of the work in my thesis? NO, NO, NO!!! Usually it represents the LAST section of your thesis, before listing your references and it is a fairly brief section.

Nonetheless, it is a very important section of your thesis. Students should show both creativity and expertise to interpret results and propose solutions.

Here are some personal recommendations “From me to you” (This has to be a title of a cheesy song) of what you should keep in mind when working on this section.

Video Support: Managerial Recommendations

In case you are enjoying the article, do not forget to watch the video with further support on how to develop your managerial recommendations.

HERE WE GO!

Breathe and rest before starting.

Very often, this is the last section students will work on before finishing their thesis. At this point they are tired, exhausted from working on the same topic and just want to get it done with. Tiredness will come across very easily in your work. How? The reader might clearly identify that the section is:

• Too short and without depth
• The wording is not as careful and detailed
• The ideas are superficial

And probably why? You were simply “too tired and out of breath”.

So if you think by this stage you are out of breath, I suggest the following:

• Take a day off and watch Netflix to unwind (Have you seen “Narcos” or “Black Mirror”? They are great!).
• Next day, make yourself a nice drink
• Put some nice music on (Don’t even get me started on suggesting music…), and;
• Start writing some amazing managerial recommendations !

Recommendations ONLY Based on Your Findings

This is perhaps the most common mistake I see from students . To explain this, let us go back to a medical example (Not sure why I am continuing on this topic, but hang in there will be a logic to it  ).

Imagine you go a doctor and he asks you to take an X-ray of your right foot. After you have done it, he prescribes you have surgery on your left elbow. Would that make sense? NO! He examined your right foot, so why would he suggest something on your elbow without checking it?

EXACTLY! Only propose managerial recommendations based on results of your study and that YOU HAVE DISCUSSED ON THE PREVIOUSLY!

Feasibility (Implementation, financial and non-financial return)

PS: Pay extra attention to this point. It is very important.

The recommendations that you are suggesting can be extraordinary, but you have to question yourself: Would it be possible for an organization to implement it and would it bring sufficient return to justify the investment? If the answer is NO , please reconsider including it (At least for now or provide a good explanation as to why you will keep it).

Thus, you must also consider the trade-off between investment and return!

How would you do it?

A) Consider first the INVESTMENTS

• Consider the time needed to implement
• Consider the financial investment to implement it (How much it would cost)
• Consider the non-financial investment to implement it (e.g. Human resources, time, efforts)

B) Consider the EXPECTED RETURN to the business

• Consider the financial return (e.g. Revenue generated by the implementation)
• Consider the non-financial return from the investment (e.g. Brand image, publicity)

After contrasting investment versus return , the question is: Is your recommendation feasible or not? And be prepared to defend your idea!

Example: One time a student developed a managerial recommendation that included developing a complex autonomous system to track consumer behavior in physical stores. However, the focus was on small businesses. The idea of the student was very interesting, but would it be feasible for small businesses to invest in such complex systems and would it bring enough financial return to justify the investment? Probably not… Do you get the point now?

Implementation Process

Very often students have great ideas for recommendations, but actually little knowledge as to how they would be implemented. If you were a consultant for a company, would you suggest a solution if you did not know how it could be implemented? No, right? So do not suggest it here, ok?

Also consider if it can even be implemented at all! For example:

• Are there technologies available to implement it?
• Is there enough time to implement your solution?
• Are there any limitations (e.g. governmental, societal, legal) to implement your solution?

If so, do not include the solution because it simply will not happen.

Remember: If an interesting solution cannot solve a problem because it cannot be implemented, it is not a solution.

Do you need to describe in your thesis how it would be implemented? Discuss this with your supervisors, because it will depend. Many times, at this stage students are already struggling with page numbers and word counts. Personally, I usually do not ask the students to include this, but often we discuss it in their presentations.

Finally, also remember: Implementation of a managerial recommendation you have suggested in your thesis can easily be a question from your supervisors during your colloquium.

Originality

Sometimes due to the lack of time and patience from the students, the managerial recommendation suggested by them is the first idea that comes to mind. And (surprise, surprise!) often ideas that have already been implemented or that are common practices in the industry!

What does it mean when this happens? You are informing the panel of reviewers of your thesis two main things:

• That you have little knowledge of your industry; or,
• That you did not bother to research to identify if your idea is original or not.

Do managerial recommendations need to be incredibly creative and original? No , very few things in this world actually are. However, please do not repeat common practices claiming they are your own original ideas.

Can you suggest solutions that have been used in different markets, industries or time in history to apply to your context? ABSOLUTELY! Many interesting solutions come from the observation of other industries, different contexts and even from simply observing nature!

Relevance of the Problem it Will Solve

When you are developing managerial recommendations, consider the relevance of the problem you are trying to address . Just because something is an issue to a company does not mean that all issues have the same importance.

For example, can we compare:

• A poor website usability that is giving users poor online experience and limiting the conversions from “lookers” into “bookers” on your site; with,
• The desire to update the company logo.

Not at all! Poor usability destroys conversion, reduces revenue generated online and can limit sales massively. Thus, it is crucial for any online business and must always be a top priority.

On the other hand, updating a company logo is also important. However, not as important as the consequences of having a more old fashioned logo (although a negative thing), might have lower impact for an online business.

Thus, consider the importance of the problems you are trying to solve with your managerial recommendations and focus on the most important ones. If you are only focusing on superficial problems, consider working on the section again!

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Final Thoughts

I honestly hope you have enjoyed the article and that will be helpful to you. In case you want to thank me for writing it by buying a ticket for a Formula 1 race, the closest ones for me to attend are the German Grand Prix and the Belgian Grand Prix .

Oh! Here are some music recommendations for you to listen while working on this section:

• James Taylor
• Chris Cornell
• Lisa Hannigan
• Eddie Vedder (Ukulele Songs)

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What are Implications in Research?

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Table of Contents

Manuscripts that do not mention the implications of the study are often desk-rejected by journals. What constitutes the ‘implications’ of research, and why is it important to include research implications in your manuscript?

Research implications: An overview

Once you have laid out the key findings in your paper, you have to discuss how they will likely impact the world. What is the significance of your study to policymakers, the lay person, or other researchers? This speculation, made in good faith, constitutes your study’ implications.

A research paper that does not explain the study’s importance in light of its findings exists in a vacuum. The paper may be relevant to you, the author, and some of your co-workers. But it is unclear how others will benefit from reading it.

How can the findings of your study help create a better world? What can we infer from your conclusion about the current state of research in your field or the quality of methods you employed? These are all important implications of your study.

You cannot predict how your study will influence the world or research in the future. You can only make reasonable speculations. In order to ensure that the implications are reasonable, you have to be mindful of the limitations of your study.

In the research context, only speculations supported by data count as valid implications. If the implications you draw do not logically follow the key findings of your study, they may sound overblown or outright preposterous.

Suppose your study evaluated the effects of a new drug in the adult population. In that case, you could not honestly speculate on how the drug will impact paediatric care. Thus, the implications you draw from your study cannot exceed its scope.

Practical implications

Imagine that your study found a popular type of cognitive therapy to be ineffective in treating insomnia. Your findings imply that psychologists using this type of therapy were not seeing actual results but an expectancy effect. Studies that can potentially impact real-world problems by prompting policy change or change in treatments have practical implications.

It can be helpful to understand the difference between an implication of your study and a recommendation. Suppose your study compares two or more types of therapy, ranks them in the order of effectiveness, and explicitly asks clinicians to follow the most effective type. The suggestion made in the end constitutes a ‘recommendation’ and not an ‘implication’.

Theoretical implications

Are your findings in line with previous research? Did your results validate the methods used in previous research or invalidate them? Has your study discovered a new and helpful way to do experiments? Speculations on how your findings can potentially impact research in your field of study are theoretical implications.

The main difference between practical and theoretical implications is that theoretical implications may not be readily helpful to policymakers or the public.

How to Write Implications in Research

Implications usually form an essential part of the conclusion section of a research paper. As we have mentioned in a previous article, this section starts by summarising your work, but this time emphasises your work’s significance .

While writing the implications, it is helpful to ask, “who will benefit the most from reading my paper?”—policymakers, physicians, the public, or other researchers. Once you know your target population, explain how your findings can help them.

Think about how the findings in your study are similar or dissimilar to the findings of previous studies. Your study may reaffirm or disprove the results of other studies. This is an important implication.

Suggest future directions for research in the subject area in light of your findings or further research to confirm your findings. These are also crucial implications.

Do not try to exaggerate your results, and make sure your tone reflects the strength of your findings. If the implications mentioned in your paper are convincing, it can improve visibility for your work and spur similar studies in your field.

For more information on the importance of implications in research, and guidance on how to include them in your manuscript, visit Elsevier Author Services now!

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• Writing Tips

How to Write an “Implications of Research” Section

4-minute read

• 24th October 2022

When writing research papers , theses, journal articles, or dissertations, one cannot ignore the importance of research. You’re not only the writer of your paper but also the researcher ! Moreover, it’s not just about researching your topic, filling your paper with abundant citations, and topping it off with a reference list. You need to dig deep into your research and provide related literature on your topic. You must also discuss the implications of your research.

Interested in learning more about implications of research? Read on! This post will define these implications, why they’re essential, and most importantly, how to write them. If you’re a visual learner, you might enjoy this video .

What Are Implications of Research?

Implications are potential questions from your research that justify further exploration. They state how your research findings could affect policies, theories, and/or practices.

Implications can either be practical or theoretical. The former is the direct impact of your findings on related practices, whereas the latter is the impact on the theories you have chosen in your study.

Example of a practical implication: If you’re researching a teaching method, the implication would be how teachers can use that method based on your findings.

Example of a theoretical implication: You added a new variable to Theory A so that it could cover a broader perspective.

Finally, implications aren’t the same as recommendations, and it’s important to know the difference between them .

Questions you should consider when developing the implications section:

●  What is the significance of your findings?

●  How do the findings of your study fit with or contradict existing research on this topic?

●  Do your results support or challenge existing theories? If they support them, what new information do they contribute? If they challenge them, why do you think that is?

Why Are Implications Important?

You need implications for the following reasons:

● To reflect on what you set out to accomplish in the first place

● To see if there’s a change to the initial perspective, now that you’ve collected the data

● To inform your audience, who might be curious about the impact of your research

How to Write an Implications Section

Usually, you write your research implications in the discussion section of your paper. This is the section before the conclusion when you discuss all the hard work you did. Additionally, you’ll write the implications section before making recommendations for future research.

Implications should begin with what you discovered in your study, which differs from what previous studies found, and then you can discuss the implications of your findings.

Your implications need to be specific, meaning you should show the exact contributions of your research and why they’re essential. They should also begin with a specific sentence structure.

Examples of starting implication sentences:

●  These results build on existing evidence of…

●  These findings suggest that…

●  These results should be considered when…

●  While previous research has focused on x , these results show that y …

Find this useful?

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You should write your implications after you’ve stated the results of your research. In other words, summarize your findings and put them into context.

The result : One study found that young learners enjoy short activities when learning a foreign language.

The implications : This result suggests that foreign language teachers use short activities when teaching young learners, as they positively affect learning.

 Example 2

The result : One study found that people who listen to calming music just before going to bed sleep better than those who watch TV.

The implications : These findings suggest that listening to calming music aids sleep quality, whereas watching TV does not.

To summarize, remember these key pointers:

●  Implications are the impact of your findings on the field of study.

●  They serve as a reflection of the research you’ve conducted.              

●  They show the specific contributions of your findings and why the audience should care.

●  They can be practical or theoretical.

●  They aren’t the same as recommendations.

●  You write them in the discussion section of the paper.

●  State the results first, and then state their implications.

Are you currently working on a thesis or dissertation? Once you’ve finished your paper (implications included), our proofreading team can help ensure that your spelling, punctuation, and grammar are perfect. Consider submitting a 500-word document for free.

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Home » Implications in Research – Types, Examples and Writing Guide

Implications in Research – Types, Examples and Writing Guide

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Implications in Research

Implications in research refer to the potential consequences, applications, or outcomes of the findings and conclusions of a research study. These can include both theoretical and practical implications that extend beyond the immediate scope of the study and may impact various stakeholders, such as policymakers, practitioners, researchers , or the general public.

Structure of Implications

The format of implications in research typically follows the structure below:

• Restate the main findings: Begin by restating the main findings of the study in a brief summary .
• Link to the research question/hypothesis : Clearly articulate how the findings are related to the research question /hypothesis.
• Discuss the practical implications: Discuss the practical implications of the findings, including their potential impact on the field or industry.
• Discuss the theoretical implications : Discuss the theoretical implications of the findings, including their potential impact on existing theories or the development of new ones.
• Identify limitations: Identify the limitations of the study and how they may affect the generalizability of the findings.
• Suggest directions for future research: Suggest areas for future research that could build on the current study’s findings and address any limitations.

Types of Implications in Research

Types of Implications in Research are as follows:

Theoretical Implications

These are the implications that a study has for advancing theoretical understanding in a particular field. For example, a study that finds a new relationship between two variables can have implications for the development of theories and models in that field.

Practical Implications

These are the implications that a study has for solving practical problems or improving real-world outcomes. For example, a study that finds a new treatment for a disease can have implications for improving the health of patients.

Methodological Implications

These are the implications that a study has for advancing research methods and techniques. For example, a study that introduces a new method for data analysis can have implications for how future research in that field is conducted.

Ethical Implications

These are the implications that a study has for ethical considerations in research. For example, a study that involves human participants must consider the ethical implications of the research on the participants and take steps to protect their rights and welfare.

Policy Implications

These are the implications that a study has for informing policy decisions. For example, a study that examines the effectiveness of a particular policy can have implications for policymakers who are considering whether to implement or change that policy.

Societal Implications

These are the implications that a study has for society as a whole. For example, a study that examines the impact of a social issue such as poverty or inequality can have implications for how society addresses that issue.

Forms of Implications In Research

Forms of Implications are as follows:

Positive Implications

These refer to the positive outcomes or benefits that may result from a study’s findings. For example, a study that finds a new treatment for a disease can have positive implications for patients, healthcare providers, and the wider society.

Negative Implications

These refer to the negative outcomes or risks that may result from a study’s findings. For example, a study that finds a harmful side effect of a medication can have negative implications for patients, healthcare providers, and the wider society.

Direct Implications

These refer to the immediate consequences of a study’s findings. For example, a study that finds a new method for reducing greenhouse gas emissions can have direct implications for policymakers and businesses.

Indirect Implications

These refer to the broader or long-term consequences of a study’s findings. For example, a study that finds a link between childhood trauma and mental health issues can have indirect implications for social welfare policies, education, and public health.

Importance of Implications in Research

The following are some of the reasons why implications are important in research:

• To inform policy and practice: Research implications can inform policy and practice decisions by providing evidence-based recommendations for actions that can be taken to address the issues identified in the research. This can lead to more effective policies and practices that are grounded in empirical evidence.
• To guide future research: Implications can also guide future research by identifying areas that need further investigation, highlighting gaps in current knowledge, and suggesting new directions for research.
• To increase the impact of research : By communicating the practical and theoretical implications of their research, researchers can increase the impact of their work by demonstrating its relevance and importance to a wider audience.
• To enhance the credibility of research : Implications can help to enhance the credibility of research by demonstrating that the findings have practical and theoretical significance and are not just abstract or academic exercises.
• To foster collaboration and engagement : Implications can also foster collaboration and engagement between researchers, practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders by providing a common language and understanding of the practical and theoretical implications of the research.

Example of Implications in Research

Here are some examples of implications in research:

• Medical research: A study on the efficacy of a new drug for a specific disease can have significant implications for medical practitioners, patients, and pharmaceutical companies. If the drug is found to be effective, it can be used to treat patients with the disease, improve their health outcomes, and generate revenue for the pharmaceutical company.
• Educational research: A study on the impact of technology on student learning can have implications for educators and policymakers. If the study finds that technology improves student learning outcomes, educators can incorporate technology into their teaching methods, and policymakers can allocate more resources to technology in schools.
• Social work research: A study on the effectiveness of a new intervention program for individuals with mental health issues can have implications for social workers, mental health professionals, and policymakers. If the program is found to be effective, social workers and mental health professionals can incorporate it into their practice, and policymakers can allocate more resources to the program.
• Environmental research: A study on the impact of climate change on a particular ecosystem can have implications for environmentalists, policymakers, and industries. If the study finds that the ecosystem is at risk, environmentalists can advocate for policy changes to protect the ecosystem, policymakers can allocate resources to mitigate the impact of climate change, and industries can adjust their practices to reduce their carbon footprint.
• Economic research: A study on the impact of minimum wage on employment can have implications for policymakers and businesses. If the study finds that increasing the minimum wage does not lead to job losses, policymakers can implement policies to increase the minimum wage, and businesses can adjust their payroll practices.

How to Write Implications in Research

Writing implications in research involves discussing the potential outcomes or consequences of your findings and the practical applications of your study’s results. Here are some steps to follow when writing implications in research:

• Summarize your key findings: Before discussing the implications of your research, briefly summarize your key findings. This will provide context for your implications and help readers understand how your research relates to your conclusions.
• Identify the implications: Identify the potential implications of your research based on your key findings. Consider how your results might be applied in the real world, what further research might be necessary, and what other areas of study could be impacted by your research.
• Connect implications to research question: Make sure that your implications are directly related to your research question or hypotheses. This will help to ensure that your implications are relevant and meaningful.
• Consider limitations : Acknowledge any limitations or weaknesses of your research, and discuss how these might impact the implications of your research. This will help to provide a more balanced view of your findings.
• Discuss practical applications : Discuss the practical applications of your research and how your findings could be used in real-world situations. This might include recommendations for policy or practice changes, or suggestions for future research.
• Be clear and concise : When writing implications in research, be clear and concise. Use simple language and avoid jargon or technical terms that might be confusing to readers.
• Provide a strong conclusion: Provide a strong conclusion that summarizes your key implications and leaves readers with a clear understanding of the significance of your research.

Purpose of Implications in Research

The purposes of implications in research include:

• Informing practice: The implications of research can provide guidance for practitioners, policymakers, and other stakeholders about how to apply research findings in practical settings.
• Generating new research questions: Implications can also inspire new research questions that build upon the findings of the original study.
• Identifying gaps in knowledge: Implications can help to identify areas where more research is needed to fully understand a phenomenon.
• Promoting scientific literacy: Implications can also help to promote scientific literacy by communicating research findings in accessible and relevant ways.
• Facilitating decision-making : The implications of research can assist decision-makers in making informed decisions based on scientific evidence.
• Contributing to theory development : Implications can also contribute to the development of theories by expanding upon or challenging existing theories.

When to Write Implications in Research

Here are some specific situations of when to write implications in research:

• Research proposal : When writing a research proposal, it is important to include a section on the potential implications of the research. This section should discuss the potential impact of the research on the field and its potential applications.
• Literature review : The literature review is an important section of the research paper where the researcher summarizes existing knowledge on the topic. This is also a good place to discuss the potential implications of the research. The researcher can identify gaps in the literature and suggest areas for further research.
• Conclusion or discussion section : The conclusion or discussion section is where the researcher summarizes the findings of the study and interprets their meaning. This is a good place to discuss the implications of the research and its potential impact on the field.

Advantages of Implications in Research

Implications are an important part of research that can provide a range of advantages. Here are some of the key advantages of implications in research:

• Practical applications: Implications can help researchers to identify practical applications of their research findings, which can be useful for practitioners and policymakers who are interested in applying the research in real-world contexts.
• Improved decision-making: Implications can also help decision-makers to make more informed decisions based on the research findings. By clearly identifying the implications of the research, decision-makers can understand the potential outcomes of their decisions and make better choices.
• Future research directions : Implications can also guide future research directions by highlighting areas that require further investigation or by suggesting new research questions. This can help to build on existing knowledge and fill gaps in the current understanding of a topic.
• Increased relevance: By highlighting the implications of their research, researchers can increase the relevance of their work to real-world problems and challenges. This can help to increase the impact of their research and make it more meaningful to stakeholders.
• Enhanced communication : Implications can also help researchers to communicate their findings more effectively to a wider audience. By highlighting the practical applications and potential benefits of their research, researchers can engage with stakeholders and communicate the value of their work more clearly.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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Should Our Papers Contain Managerial Implications?

Many aspects of the review process have been discussed in earlier articles and viewpoints. There is probably no shortage of discussions on how to write papers, how to communicate with reviewers and editors, and so forth. One aspect that is a part of almost all papers, however, is rarely discussed – managerial implications.

In the majority of our paper, we ultimately try to give managerial implications. In the introductions, we usually try to make a case that the phenomenon that we are looking at is managerially interesting, and that knowing more about it would help managers make better decisions. In the discussion or implications section, we write down what we believe that managers can make better based on what we have found.

In a way, I have always found it ironic that researchers communicate to other researchers what they believe managers should do differently. Even more so, it is somewhat funny that the judges on the managerial usefulness of our research are usually academics (the reviewers of the journal). At the same time, we always hope that our research is read, taken up by others, and affects textbooks, executive education and ultimately management practice. So again, other academics (the authors of textbooks or practitioner-related articles) decide on the managerial usefulness of our research.

I am unlikely to be the only researcher to have made some strange experiences in this regard. For example, when I once had worked quite closely with a company, and the managerial implications section was very strongly based on the discussions I had with their managers, a reviewer wrote back to me that “the managerial discussion seems useless and irrelevant. The suggestions for concrete action are unrealistic at best.” In another case, where a publication was coming out of a close collaboration, an editor rejected my paper, among other reasons based on his assessment that “the paper does not lead to relevant insights for marketing managers”. So again, should researchers assess the managerial usefulness of their peers’ work?

In hindsight, I would say that both assessments were probably good ones. The collaboration with the firms was very insightful for me, it resulted in interesting data and a lot of know-how (much of which was irrelevant for the publication process). But, it had blurred my own assessment of what was important in this research not only from an academic, but also from a managerial point of view. I was probably writing very specifically about the meaning of my analysis and results for this particular company. But almost all our findings have a context, and ignoring that context would lead to suboptimal decisions. For an obvious example, consider that company A can make a profitable investment by increasing service quality, whereas for other companies, the same quality level enhancement would be more costly, difficult, time consuming, or less effective because they serve other customer segments.

Does that mean we should refrain from giving managerial implications? One might think so, and remove the ironic twist that academics decide on the managerial relevance of what other academics have found. However, when I am, as a reviewer, undecided about a paper, I typically turn to the managerial implications section, and often base my final judgment of contribution on that part. The trick for authors, I believe, in writing a good managerial implications sections is not to repeat the obvious (when we find that A leads to B, and B is desirable, the manager should do more A) or the details of what they have discussed with the one firm that they have been working with (which is unlikely to base their decisions solely on this research in any case). Instead, when we find that A leads to B, good managerial implications would describe the broader view on the often very specific A and B in our research. What other variables could replace A and B in the context of companies in other industries and contexts? This would make our findings meaningful beyond the context that we have studied. Ironically, this may prove more difficult when we have worked very closely with a partner firm in our research.

Not giving managerial implications is a no-go for an applied discipline, such as service management. But we may have to rethink the kind of implications we want to give.

Note: There is already an active conversation going on about the topic. Let us know your perspective and join the conversation on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/groups/251270684898315/permalink/1174411969250844/

Florian von Wangenheim is  Chair of  Dept. of Management, Technology, and Economics ETH Zurich, Switzerland

One comment on “ Should Our Papers Contain Managerial Implications? ”

Yes, I agree with you prof, I think the management area should look for this issue. Indeed, managers affect adoption and use of technology (decision ) from them …top management also they have strategic scope.

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• Master’s Thesis
• Marketing Theory
• Marketing Scales
• How to write managerial implications

Table of content

• How to write the theoretical background?
• Identify a research gap
• How to formulate hypotheses?
• Specify a conceptual model
• Sample size in experimental advertising research
• Reliability analysis with XLStat
• Independent samples t-test with XLStat
• Linear regression with XLStat
• Limitations and avenues for future research
• Citing sources with APA format

You have conducted your study, reported your results, and reflected on existing theories, but then, what should the industry do in practice given the results that you have found.

Managerial implications summarize what the results mean in terms of managerial actions. In other words, managerial implications compare the research results to the specific marketing actions, decisions, or guidelines. In writing, it is important to indicate what specific action—or even non-action—should be taken in response. The idea is to change the way managers think or implement marketing actions.

Importantly, managerial implications should focus only on the evidence provided in the research. In other words, you should not suggest managerial implications that your research does not suggest or evidence to be effective. This section represents the moment where you tell the reader what should or must be done based on your research findings. It differs from the theoretical contributions, but it is somehow related.

The managerial implications section represents one of the last sections of your research before the limitations and avenues for futures research and the listing of the references. It is a fairly brief section. Nonetheless, it is a very important section. It would be best if you showed both creativity and expertise to interpret results and propose solutions.

Common mistakes

• Rehash empirical findings without “interpreting” from a managerial standpoint.
• Suggest implications that are not based on the research findings.
• Stretching too far and going beyond the findings.
• Not thoughtful, too intuitive, too obvious.
• Restate what managers are already doing right now.
• Generalize implications while the research has methodological issues (e.g., sample).
• Discuss non-significant results because care must be taken with the interpretation.

Tips to help you to write managerial implications

Only develop recommendations that are based on your own results.

You can have many ideas, but if there are not based on your findings, you do not have the authority to discuss them. Therefore, you can only develop recommendations within the scope of your results.

Considers the feasibility of your recommendations

In other words, think in terms of investments. What would be the investment if a company wants to implement your idea? It could be in terms of financial investment, time involvement, human resources, and investment return. Is it a feasible idea if you consider the investment and the return on investment?

The importance of the problem you are trying to solve

You can have a great idea, but it is useless if it does not solve a critical organizational problem. Therefore, good recommendations try to solve important organizational problems.

The originality of your idea

The last thing you want to do is recommend something that has been implemented several times.

Organize into subsections

For instance, each subsection could highlight a recommendation or address a type of manager (brand managers, category managers, investors, non-profitable organizations, etc.).

Incorporate some examples

It could be useful to illustrate your managerial implication with a concrete example.

Few tips with the phrasing

• Our results confirm to managers…
• Our results indicate to managers…
• Our results suggest to managers…
• Our results illustrate that managers…
• Our results inform managers that…
• Our results reveal that managers…
• Our results seem to suggest that managers…
• Based on our results, managers should…

Example of a managerial recommendation

The aim of recruiters is to recruit the right candidates but also to optimize their advertising investments. Although personalization is a heuristic cue that positively biases the attitudinal responses of potential employees through the self‐referencing effect, according to our results, personalization also promotes a more negative attitude toward the ad and reduces click intention and job‐pursuit intention regardless of the perceived relevance of targeting the job offer. Therefore, personalization does not appear to be a marketing tactic for which recruiters should have high expectations. Nevertheless, web users' attention is a scarce resource, and personalization could prove to be a useful strategy for recruiters as it could help to draw visual attention to their advertisements. By providing relevant job offers, the addition of personalized elements in advertising could thus enable advertisers to stand out in crowded web environments. Pfiffelmann & Soulez (2021)

• Boeing & Aerospace

Boeing retaliated against its own engineers working for FAA, union says

Boeing’s white-collar union alleged Tuesday that company management retaliated against engineers overseeing design work on behalf of the Federal Aviation Administration, heightening concerns about a self-regulation regime that’s come under renewed fire since Jan. 5, when a fuselage panel blew out midair.

In 2022, as Boeing worked to integrate new avionics packages into its 777 and 787 widebody aircraft, two of its engineers insisted the company needed to reevaluate prior engineering work completed on the two aircraft. The engineering union contends Boeing managers objected to this on the grounds that it would add costs and slow production.

After the FAA backed the engineers about how the work should be performed and the dispute was settled, in mid-2023 Boeing gave both men negative performance reviews, which cuts pay raises and promotion prospects.

The two “did the right thing and stuck to their guns despite heavy pressure from Boeing, and then got hit with career-damaging performance reviews,” said Rich Plunkett, the union’s director of strategic development. “This helps show why Boeing doesn’t have a healthy safety culture.”

The union said one of the engineers quit Boeing over the way he was treated; it’s appealing the performance downgrade to management on behalf of the other.

Boeing denies the charge of retaliation.

“After an extensive review of documentation and interviewing more than a dozen witnesses, our investigators found no evidence of retaliation or interference,” spokesperson Bobbie Egan said Tuesday. “We have determined the allegations are unsubstantiated.”

“We have zero tolerance for retaliation and encourage our employees to speak up when they see an issue,” Egan said.

If proven, the union allegations would undercut Boeing’s recent insistence that it prioritizes safety over cost and schedule considerations and maintains an open culture that protects employees who flag safety issues.

The union, the Society of Professional Engineering Employees in Aerospace, SPEEA, has filed a complaint with the National Labor Relations Board demanding access to the report of the internal Boeing investigation that concluded the negative reviews did not amount to interfering in the oversight work of the two engineers.

Boeing said it is “looking into the union’s requests” but added that investigations into interference claims are typically confidential.

“Providing the report to any party outside the FAA would be a departure from our standard practice, ” Boeing said.

Eyes of the FAA

More than 1,000 engineers inside Boeing are authorized to act as the FAA’s eyes in overseeing work. They are legally required to have “a commitment to safety above all other priorities” and so must be independent and free of interference from management concerns about added cost and schedule delays.

But after the two deadly 737 MAX crashes five years ago, some of these engineers alleged management during the MAX’s development had interfered to limit safety testing .

That coupled with the failure of this internal oversight organization to flag the obvious flaws in the new flight control software that led to the crashes raised serious doubts about Boeing’s ability to certify its own work.

Congress subsequently began to reverse the yearslong trend of delegating more of the FAA’s safety oversight to Boeing itself.

After a chain of quality lapses last year and then the fuselage panel blowout on an Alaska Airlines 737 MAX in January, Boeing leadership said it would revamp its safety reporting systems and has repeatedly insisted that all employees can raise safety concerns without fear of retaliation.

In February, the report of an FAA-appointed panel of independent aviation experts flagged concerns that the employees who represent the FAA fear raising safety issues because Boeing’s internal safety reporting systems fails to ensure “open communication and non-retaliation.”

The findings of that report were highlighted just last week in a hearing before the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation. One finding was that some employees did not receive a raise they had been expecting after bringing up safety concerns. 

After that hearing, Boeing said retaliation is strictly prohibited. 

“Boeing can tell Congress and the media all it wants about how ‘retaliation is strictly prohibited,’” said Plunkett. “But our union is fighting retaliation cases on a regular basis.”

Following FAA guidelines

The job of the Boeing engineers authorized to work on behalf of the FAA is to check on the work of company engineers as they develop designs and instruct them what must be accomplished to get those designs approved as compliant with regulations.

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The union said when overseeing the 777 and 787 avionics integration in 2022, the two engineers insisted the company reevaluate prior engineering calculations, citing an FAA advisory document updated in 2013 that provided guidelines on how to obtain airworthiness approval for such work.

An FAA advisory typically outlines a standard way of achieving compliance. It’s not mandatory and does not constitute a regulation.

According to the union, Boeing managers “strongly objected” to the conclusion that the prior work should be redone, “saying that going back to run calculations using the new assumptions would cost money and cause production delays.”

Eventually, after six months of back and forth, the FAA backed the two engineers and Boeing had to redo the analysis.

Subsequently, however, “when they came up for their next performance reviews, the two engineers received identical negative evaluations,” the union said.

SPEEA said that when its staff met with Boeing officials on the matter, “the manager of the two engineers admitted that he had rated them both poorly at the request of the 777 and 787 managers who had been forced to resubmit their work.”

Still, Boeing refused to change the performance evaluations.

While one of the engineers chose to leave Boeing, the other filed a complaint in the company’s “Speak Up” reporting system alleging retaliation.

More on Alaska Airlines and the Boeing 737 MAX 9

• FAA’s ‘cozy’ relationship with Boeing at issue again after Alaska Air blowout
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In a meeting with the engineer, accompanied by a SPEEA official, Boeing labor relations personnel told him that his complaint “did not meet the legal threshold of interference, nor the legal definition of retaliation, and as a result, they were closing his case,” the union said.

Because that internal complaint implied interference with an FAA designee, Boeing had to file a report on the incident with the safety agency. As it appeals the performance downgrade, the union now seeks access to that report.

In 2022, responding to Congress, the FAA introduced new policies to prevent “undue pressure” on the engineers working on its behalf at aviation manufacturers.

The new regulations require Boeing to monitor for, report and investigate all allegations of interference and to report the results to the FAA. The agency now has the SPEEA charges.

“The FAA is investigating these allegations,” spokesperson Ian Gregor said Tuesday.

The opinions expressed in reader comments are those of the author only and do not reflect the opinions of The Seattle Times.

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Theoretical and managerial implications

• First Online: 14 July 2016

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• Joachim Jan Thraen 2  

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Overview : Chapter 7.1 provides the theoretical implications and resulting propositions of this study, based on the preceding historical analysis, as well as the synthesis (provided in the previous chapter) that re-evaluated innovation in current-day China from the historical perspective. In Chapter 7.2, the implications for management are outlined, based on the historical analysis and chapter 4 outlining the practical relevance of the present study.

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Thraen, J.J. (2016). Theoretical and managerial implications. In: Mastering Innovation in China. Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-14556-9_7

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Published : 14 July 2016

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14 reputation management trends brands should be leveraging.

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To safeguard their clients’ brand image, help them build trust with customers and stay competitive in a digital-first world, it’s important for agencies’ public relations pros and marketers to stay up on trends in reputation management. Understanding the latest ways of managing a brand’s reputation helps marketers proactively address issues and harness the power of digital media to maintain a positive online presence for their clients.

Ultimately, mastering these trends is essential for securing long-term success and growth for both agencies and their clients. Below, 14 members of Forbes Agency Council share key trends in reputation management that brands should leverage to manage their clients’ online reputations in 2024 as well as their own.

1. Creating LinkedIn Newsletters

I think the big trend growing this year will be LinkedIn newsletters. Though not new, I think companies that allow their subject matter experts to use LinkedIn will see an improvement in engagement. The traditional method of using LinkedIn to bring clients to your website adds unnecessary friction. Creators should just use LinkedIn as a secondary customer relationship management platform and build better engagement with prospects. - Ross Hunter , Copylab

2. Doing Good, Honest Work

The No. 1, most important “trend” is the same thing that has always been key: We don’t do the right things to make money; we make money when we do the right things. Reputations are built one interaction at a time. Doing good, honest work is the best way to manage your reputation. Good news travels fast. Bad news travels faster. Don’t spend a ton of time and money pushing opinions on others. They will make their minds up themselves. - Josh Yudin , The Academy of Marketing

3. Publishing Thought Leadership Pieces

Publishing thought leadership pieces is a crucial strategy for reputation management. It lets brand executives distinguish themselves as expert voices in their industries, while setting them apart from the competition in a way they can control and leverage. By being proactive and sharing their opinions publicly, they can construct their own narrative and insert themselves into a broader dialogue. - Ayelet Noff , SlicedBrand

Microsoft Warns Windows Users Of Ongoing Russian Hack Attack

New apple id password reset issue hitting iphone ipad and macbook users, new ios 18 ai security move changes the game for all iphone users, 4. using ai-driven sentiment analysis tools.

An easy win is understanding and using sentiment analysis tools driven by artificial intelligence. These tools allow brands to monitor their mentions and reactions across platforms in real time, which means they can proactively address negative feedback and leverage positive comments and experiences to ensure an engaged and responsive online presence. - Christoph Kastenholz , Pulse Advertising

Forbes Agency Council is an invitation-only community for executives in successful public relations, media strategy, creative and advertising agencies. Do I qualify?

5. Putting Out Valuable Educational Content

Content is king, and when it comes to managing your reputation, the content you put out must be authentic because it leaves a lasting impression. The best content educates consumers. It leaves the audience not just wanting more, but also knowing more. This doesn’t mean every piece of content has to be written by an expert, but it needs to have value and provide information, as your reputation depends on it. - Nataliya Andreychuk , Viseven

6. Implementing A Strong Digital PR Campaign

Implementing a strong digital PR campaign is a key trend for brands and entrepreneurs to leverage in 2024. Having top news sites mention your story, product or service will allow you to rank highly in search engine results, providing much-needed credibility and ultimately boosting your conversions. Digital PR on these news sites also provides brands with a portfolio of press that they can post on their own sites. - Adrian Falk , Believe Advertising & PR

7. Featuring Key Opinion Leaders In PR

We’re seeing a lot of requests for expert commentary, and brands without experts backing their products in PR have a hard time getting featured without pay-to-plays, affiliates or groundbreaking news. KOLs add a whole new level of brand credibility, build the trust and assurance with audiences that brands truly need, and emphasize a human touch behind the brand, especially in saturated markets. - Jessica Kopach , The JKO Agency, LLC.

8. Embracing Authenticity And Brand Storytelling

Today, users are inundated every day with an overwhelming amount of information. Brands that showcase who they are and what they stand for, independent of what’s going on in the world, can highlight their authenticity and stand apart from competitors who may just be adding to daily conversations about the news. - Trey Robinson , Story Amplify

9. Allowing A Glimmer Of Imperfection To Shine Through

It’s all about authenticity. Customers don’t want to see “5 out of 5” ratings across the board; in fact, this will raise alarm bells about the possible manipulation of ratings. Customers understand that brands have critics and that not every single interaction will be universally positive. Manage what you can, but allow a glimmer of imperfection to shine through, and your customers will be appreciative. - Brock Murray , seoplus+

10. Getting Reviewed In The Right Places

Customers are increasingly turning to specific review sites, depending on the industry. In 2024, the key to reputation management is about more than just getting more reviews. It’s about getting them in the right places. By understanding your ideal customer’s go-to review platform, you can strategically request feedback there, making sure your reputation management efforts resonate as much as possible. - Ajay Prasad , GMR Web Team

11. Using AI-Generated Suggestions To Craft Responses

Many popular reputation management tools are incorporating AI features that can help teams work faster and smarter. One area that is particularly promising is the use of AI-generated suggestions that help you craft optimal responses on social media, ensuring you strike the right tone and put your brand’s best foot forward. - Justin Belmont , Prose

12. Using Video Snippets In Organic And Paid Campaigns

Use video testimonial snippets in your organic and paid social campaigns. The strategy here is to feature these messages up front rather than wait for people to find them. If customers search for your brand after seeing an ad, this can drive even more attention to the positive reviews you may have. Don’t be shy about your positive reputation—put it out there for everyone to see! - Bernard May , National Positions

13. Leveraging CX Testimonials

One unbeatable trend that can always uphold a brand’s reputation is getting customer reviews and testimonials. Leveraging customer experience testimonials to spread a brand’s message and manage its reputation is an age-old method. Also, many reputation management tools offer real-time insights into a brand’s reputation to help marketers handle reputation crises instantly. - Prashanthi Kolluru , KLOUDPORTAL

14. Strengthening Your Weakness

Arguably, any weakness defines a brand’s reputation more than its strengths do. One bad review can do more damage than 10 good reviews can help. The biggest mistake is when brands ignore or try to bury the bad ones. Have a strategy to address your brand’s weakness, not simply online, but at the root cause of it as well. Proactively monitor. Nimbly react. It’s simply a smart long-term investment. - Monica Alvarez-Mitchell , Pulse Creative, LLC

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Lekhanya, Lawrence Mpele. "The Level of awareness of green marketing and its managerial implications amongst selected South African manufacturing Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in KwaZulu–Natal." IFRD, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10321/1162.

Ranarifidy, Harison. "La gestion de la diversité culturelle des équipes dans les entrepôts logistiques : lien entre diversité culturelle et performance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0062.

Mao-Wu, Jie. "L'impact des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines et de management des compétences sur la fidélisation des jeunes cadres dans les firmes multinationales en Chine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1071.

Moschopoulos, Theodosios, and Sofia Dahlström. "Colour Forecasting and its managerial implications." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-16778.

Arts, Jos Adrianus Richardus Maria. "Developing managerial expertise: studies on managerial cognition and the implications for management education." [Maastricht] : Maastricht : Universitaire Pers Maastricht ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2007. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=11065.

Islam, Md Samsul, Lin Zhou, and Fei Li. "Application of Artificial Intelligence (Artificial Neural Network) to Assess Credit Risk : A Predictive Model For Credit Card Scoring." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2099.

Safy, Fatema. "La relation entre souffrance et implication au travail dans le cadre de la théorie de la conservation des ressources : le cas d'une organisation médico-sociale." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30108/document.

Sharma, Asmita. "Managerial Demographics: Measurement and Implications for the Innovation Performance of Manufacturing Firms." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23772.

Schneider, Paul [Verfasser]. "Managerial Challenges of Industry 4.0 – Conceptualization, Implications, Framing / Paul Schneider." Berlin : epubli, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1203023103/34.

Cloete, Sanet. "A critical investigation into the managerial implications of inclusive education." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003358.

Love, A. C. "Modelling support of charities by individuals : key influences and managerial implications." Thesis, Swansea University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.637951.

Cascio, Robert P. "Marketing innovation and firm performance research model, research hypotheses, and managerial implications." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4865.

Merali, Faruk. "Managing within the challenges & tensions facing the 21st Century UK NHS managers : NHS managers' perceptions of their public image & the implications for their self and work identity." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/10134.

Kumar, Angela Ewell. "The Influnce of Metacognition on Managerial Hiring Decision Making: Implications for Management Development." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30644.

Ho, Bonnie. "The exchange relationship between managers and employees : implications for managerial adjustment to workplace stressors /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19296.pdf.

Adamsson, Niklas. "Interdisciplinary integration in complex product development : managerial implications of embedding software in manufactured goods." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Machine Design, Royal Institute of Technology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4379.

Katopol, Patricia Fields. "Information culture of support staff in municipal government and implications for managerial decision-making /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7179.

Spitzer, Sarah. "The diffusion of new book titles : diffusion process, factors of influence, and managerial implications." Unterwössen Ed. Altavilla, 2009. http://d-nb.info/991496388/04.

De, Souza Gita. "An examination of the organizational glass ceiling : its process, and implications for managerial staffing." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1260274172.

DeSouza, Gita. "An examination of the organizational glass ceiling : its process, and implications for managerial staffing /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487859313344967.

Milley, Roger. "Web-enabled consumer marketing, research constructs, propositions and managerial implications : an exploratory multi-case study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0016/MQ49697.pdf.

Weinhard, Alexander [Verfasser], Frédéric [Gutachter] Thiesse, and Axel [Gutachter] Winkelmann. "Managing RFID Implementations - Implications for Managerial Decision Making / Alexander Weinhard ; Gutachter: Frédéric Thiesse, Axel Winkelmann." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/118028674X/34.

Lee, Ting-kwok, and 李定國. "Job attitudes of officers of Marine Region Royal Hong Kong Police Force and the managerial implications." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31266642.

Lee, Ting-kwok. "Job attitudes of officers of Marine Region Royal Hong Kong Police Force and the managerial implications /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1403900X.

Jolls, Christine M. "The growth of performance-based managerial pay : implications for corporate finance, regulatory policy, and corporate governance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11901.

Koalepe, Leshodu James. "Determinants of school success in the disadvantaged communities : managerial implications for principals of high poverty schools." Thesis, Welkom: University of Technology, Free State, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/227.

Kallin, Mathias, Jacob Rydbeck, and Sebastian Wictorin. "Technological Adaption for SMEs : Implications of a Cashless Society." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-35820.

Rispel, Reginald. "International Perspectives on the Proper Role of the Independent Director: Implications for South African Boards of Directors." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_9484_1264466854.

This literature study aims to identify international best practice concerning the role of the board and more particularly that of the independent director in ensuring good corporate governance. The study is based on sources which include a large contingent of up to date sources on the subject ranging from newspaper articles, journal articles, various corporate governance codes, company reports and reports on governance such as Cadbury and Higgs.

Kessous, Aurélie. "Nostalgie et relations des consommateurs aux marques : contributions théoriques et implications manageriales." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX32053.

Haj, Youssef Moustafa. "The effects of inter- and intra-cultural variations on managerial discretion and the implications for national competitiveness." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2017. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/q10x2/the-effects-of-inter-and-intra-cultural-variations-on-managerial-discretion-and-the-implications-for-national-competitiveness.

Burton, N. "Conceptualizing ambush marketing : developing a typology of ambush strategy and exploring the managerial implications for sport sponsors." Thesis, Coventry University, 2012. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/9bd69c07-2918-4b25-98c4-4654b44351c4/1.

IdELSON, Marc. "Undo the math : Managerial and organizational cognition theoretical and practical implications of cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary semiotic gaps." Phd thesis, HEC, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00713645.

Idelson, Marc. "Undo the math : Managerial and organizational cognition theoretical and practical implications of cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary semiotic gaps." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHEC0002/document.

McGowan, Annie Smith. "An Investigation of the Behavioral Implications of Adopting Activity-based Cost Management Systems : An Exploratory Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1994. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279168/.

Lowes, Bryan. "Control and directors' remuneration in large British companies : an empirical investigation of directors' shareholdings and remuneration, and the implications of remuneration patterns for managerial theories of the firm." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4201.

Younis, Joumana. "Technologies numériques & émergence des nouvelles pratiques managériales au Liban." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CNAM1268.

Curri, Gudrun E. L. "Organizational change in universities : the implications for management: a study of how universities respond to demand from government for increased effectiveness and efficiency; building a model of organizational change which integrates managerial, academic and public issues." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.571497.

Chen, Yu, and 陳彧. "Managerial Implications of the National Culture of Taiwan." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81193290691262496942.

Davis, Judith A. "Implications of acute care restructuring for managerial personnel /." 2001.

Taylor, Margaret, and Andrew Taylor. "The technology life cycle: Conceptualization and managerial implications." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/6212.

Weinhard, Alexander. "Managing RFID Implementations - Implications for Managerial Decision Making." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-178161.

Lin, Yi-shiu, and 林怡秀. "An Exploratory Study on the Managerial Implications of Storytelling." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72685555998078408827.

CHANG, CHE-WEI, and 張哲維. "Multi-Channel Competition in Gasoline Industry: Managerial Implications for Suppliers." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80782954975629111495.

Bornschein, Rico. "Consumer behavior in a multichannel context and its managerial implications." 2020. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A73771.

Lai, Ju-Hui, and 賴如慧. "The Meaning of Chuan-Xiao-Xie and It's Managerial Implications." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66261404380008276889.

Cheng, Kao-Chi, and 鄭高奇. "Facility evaluation of resigned hospital physicians: managerial implications for hospital physician manpower." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/82612439824477530729.

Van, Wyk Elsa. "Managerial and socio-economic implications of the implementation of telework in Gauteng." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/295.

Grimshaw, D., F. L. Cooke, C. Irena Grugulis, and S. Vincent. "New technology and changing organisational forms: implications for managerial control and skills." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/3233.

Alegre, Rita Oliveira Teixeira. "Stakeholder Theory and Managerial Decision-Making: Constraints and Implications of Balancing Stakeholders´ Interests." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94841.

Cabral, Francisco Manuel da Silva Brás Gaspar Vieira. "Impact of mobile app user acquisition on managerial decisions: Evidence from empirical experiment." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/15602.