review literature of climate change

Article 7.2: Parties recognise that adaptation is a global challenge faced by all with local, subnational, national, regional and international dimensions, and that it is a key component of and makes a contribution to the long-term global response to climate change to protect people, livelihoods and ecosystems, taking into account the urgent and immediate needs of those developing country Parties that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change.

Article 7.5: Parties acknowledge that adaptation action should follow a country-driven, gender-responsive, participatory and fully transparent approach, taking into consideration vulnerable groups, communities and ecosystems, and should be based on and guided by the best available science and, as appropriate, traditional knowledge, knowledge of indigenous peoples and local knowledge systems, with a view to integrating adaptation into relevant socioeconomic and environmental policies and actions, where appropriate.

2. Conflict-Sensitive Climate Change Adaptation

3. methodology, 4. results and discussion, 4.1. geographical variation of climate change impact, 4.2. adaptation as a source of conflict: design of adaptation, 4.3. emancipatory participation and environmental justice.

Environmental knowledge production is framed, funded and publicised in widely different social arenas. The livestock herders, who arguably know the stretch of land in question best, are not even aware that their eventual exclusion from their pasture is because they have been identified as agents for its demise by research conducted halfway around the globe by scientists who have never set foot on the pasture or, in some cases, the region . [ 46 ] (p. 3)

4.4. Attribution to Climate Change

4.5. developing an adaptation decision, 5. conclusions, supplementary materials, author contributions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, acknowledgments, conflicts of interest.

Share and Cite

Nadiruzzaman, M.; Scheffran, J.; Shewly, H.J.; Kley, S. Conflict-Sensitive Climate Change Adaptation: A Review. Sustainability 2022 , 14 , 8060. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138060

Nadiruzzaman M, Scheffran J, Shewly HJ, Kley S. Conflict-Sensitive Climate Change Adaptation: A Review. Sustainability . 2022; 14(13):8060. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138060

Nadiruzzaman, Md, Jürgen Scheffran, Hosna J. Shewly, and Stefanie Kley. 2022. "Conflict-Sensitive Climate Change Adaptation: A Review" Sustainability 14, no. 13: 8060. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14138060

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Risky feedback loops are accelerating climate change, scientists warn

Risky feedback loops that are accelerating global climate change may not be fully accounted for in current climate models, according to a recent study published in the scientific journal One Earth.

A group of international scientists from institutions like Oregon State University, Exeter University and the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany, identified 41 climate feedback loops in what they called "the most extensive list available of climate feedback loops." Of these, they discovered 27 amplifying feedback loops that are accelerating global warming and only seven that are slowing it.

A feedback loop is a cyclical chain reaction that either speeds up or slows down warming. An amplifying, or positive, feedback loop is the process in which an initial change that prompts temperature rise triggers another change that causes even more temperature rise.

These positive feedback loops, which can be large and difficult to quantify, threaten to cause a permanent shift away from Earth's current global climate, researchers warned. For instance, warming in the Arctic has led to melting sea ice, which has prompted even more warming because water has a darker surface than ice and therefore absorbs more heat.

Another example involves the impact of wildfires, which are becoming more frequent as the Earth warms and drought conditions intensify. Combustion of the vegetation during wildfires releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which then contributes to the greenhouse effect and triggers even higher temperatures.

"There are many such amplifying feedbacks, including some that are not fully accounted for in climate models," said Christopher Wolf, a postdoctoral scholar at Oregon State University and a lead author of the study.

"Consequently, the effects of greenhouse gas emissions could be underestimated and strong climate mitigation policies are needed," Wolf added.

Other dangerous feedback loops include the thawing of permafrost, or the frozen ground that underlies much of the Arctic and contains plant and animal remains. As temperature rise accelerates the thaw of permafrost, the organic matter in the frozen layer breaks down and releases carbon dioxide and methane gas into the atmosphere.

Tim Lenton, an Earth systems scientist at the University of Exeter and one of the study co-authors, said the results suggest that the amplification of climate change could be greater than expected.

"That is yet another reason to accelerate action to limit global warming – because that also limits how much it is going to get amplified by the feedbacks in the climate system," Lenton said.

Some feedback loops may also be associated with key climate tipping points that could significantly disrupt the global climate system, researchers said. For example, feedback loops that are driving ice melt in the Arctic could ultimately trigger the collapse of the Greenland ice sheet.

"In the worst case, if positive feedbacks are sufficiently strong, this could result in tragic climate change outside the control of humans," researchers wrote.

"It is too late to fully prevent the pain of climate change as severe impacts are already being felt, but if we can have a much better understanding of feedback loops and make the needed transformative changes soon while prioritizing basic human needs, there might still be time to limit the harm," they wrote.

Renewable energy company discusses the 'full circle' of the planned transition to net-zero

The health benefits of tackling climate change

An Executive Summary for The Lancet Series

Climate change will harm human health, and successful strategies to mitigate the extent of the change will restrict that harm. But new studies show that appropriate mitigation strategies will themselves have additional and independent effects on health, most of them beneficial. The potential value of these co-benefits has not so far been given sufficient prominence in international negotiations.

This executive summary, part of the Lancet Series, puts forward 3 key messages:

COP24 Special Report on Climate Change and Health

Did you know: by taking action on climate change you can strengthen public health

Climate change and the rising cost of potholes

Social sharing, experts say pothole problems will only get worse with climate change.

After a snowy winter paired with temperatures that kept the Rideau Canal Skateway closed for the first time ever, people in Ottawa are beginning to see signs of spring.

Rising temperatures also lead to crumbling roads that can resemble the surface of the moon. Driving your car feels like riding a mechanical bull.

Anyone who lives in Ottawa knows spring is better known as pothole season.

Fluctuating temperatures create a destructive cycle of expansion and contraction of brittle, frozen asphalt, and more powerful rays of sunshine melt ice that has, for weeks, concealed cavities in the road.

Ottawa has 6,000 kilometres of roadway, each one subject to the nearly 80 freeze-thaw cycles the city sees on average each year. Crews fill hundreds of thousands of potholes every spring, 17,435 so far this year, according to city staff.

Roads built without considering climate change

Some experts say the problem is only going to get worse.

"We built these roads many years ago without considering the climate change scenario," said Kamal Hossain, a professor of civil engineering at Carleton University.

Kamal Hossein, a professor of civil engineering at Carleton University in Ottawa, stand at the corner of Greenbank Road and Cappamore Drive in the city's south end.

Crews have traditionally used a specific glue for asphalt but that material is highly sensitive to heat. As Ottawa experiences hotter temperatures, it softens the asphalt and ultimately weakens the road further, he said.

The City of Ottawa is well aware of this. Staff produced a comprehensive report last spring listing the many risks to city infrastructure and to people's health as the weather becomes warmer, wetter and stormier . High up on the list: Ottawa's roadways.

"Road materials are not rated for the extent and duration of the heat events projected," the city's report on climate change vulnerabilities states. Winter freeze-thaw events "are particularly damaging" to roads and sidewalks, it said, because it causes cracking, heaving, potholes and rutting.

Pothole price tag growing

Crews already fill hundreds of thousands of potholes every year, more than 1.1 million in total since 2018. As the cost of labour, materials and the expansion of Ottawa's road network grows, so too does the cost of repairs.

The city's budget for asphalt repairs and maintenance has steadily climbed over the last five years, and that doesn't even include the more costly jobs where entire roads are repaved .

Road users absorb costs, too, especially those who hang onto older vehicles to save money, which are more prone to damage, said Julie Bowen of the Canadian Automobile Association (CAA) division for northern and eastern Ontario.

Whether it's a blown tire or damaged (possibly dislodged) bumper, potholes can cost a vehicle owner up to $6,000 to repair.

"We've got like 34,000 kilometres of what we've deemed as poor or very poor roads in Ontario, and so somebody's going to come to grief no matter how they move," said Bowen.

Solutions are too expensive, says city

The solution — changing the way roads are built — requires significant investment, Hossain explained.

Some jurisdictions, including Canada's three territories, use concrete to enhance the durability of roads, but it is more costly than laying down asphalt.

The U.S., which has a Federal Highway Administration, spends hundreds of millions of dollars each year on researching road construction and sustainability. That is "a very unfortunate part that it is missing in Canada," said Hossain.

For the City of Ottawa, the last 10 years has been a period of trial and error for road building.

In 2018, contracts to asphalt suppliers were cancelled after a 2017 audit found the materials fell short of required standards for fixing roads and potholes.

The city continues to search for a fiscally responsible way to fix the issue in the long term, according to Coun. Tim Tierney, who chairs the city's transportation committee.

Tierney, who has been on city council for more than 12 years, recalled a time when crews tried using beet juice to improve road traction — unsuccessfully.

There is no room in the budget for concrete, he said.

The Python 5000 first cleans out the hole in the pavement before it fills them with asphalt.

Still, he acknowledges the city already spends a lot of time and money maintaining its roads. In 2019 Ottawa bought two Python 5000s — $400,000 machines that automatically clean potholes, fill them with asphalt, and tamp them down.

Tierney said there will be four Pythons as part of Ottawa's repair fleet as of late March.

"As industry and technology gets better, hopefully we'll have a better solution," Tierney said.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Nicole Williams is a journalist for CBC News based in Ottawa. She has also worked in P.E.I. and Toronto. She is part of the team that won a 2021 Canadian Association of Journalists national award for investigative journalism. Write in confidence to [email protected]

Follow Nicole Williams on Twitter

Climate change planning grants

UW researcher in the field completing a glacial survey

This funding call is being offered in response to the overwhelming level of interest that EarthLab received for its Sparking Climate Connections Lightning Talks , which was held in December 2022 and hosted by the EarthLab Advisory Board of Deans.

The hope is that these planning grants will lead to the pursuit of larger funding opportunities, including but not limited to internal awards from the Population Health Initiative, EarthLab, Office of Global Affairs, [email protected] and others, as well as extramural opportunities from state, federal and foundation funders. Upon completion of their planning grant, all awardees will also be automatically qualified to apply for a special autumn 2023 funding call for climate change-focused Population Health Initiative pilot grants. The structure of the special autumn funding call will be informed by the proposed outcomes of funded planning grants.

Purpose of grant

The purpose of this funding call is to support new collaborators in laying the groundwork for successful partnerships that address key facets of climate change. Our call is broad in scope, so applications can propose planning projects with foci that include, but are not limited to, the following:

Applicants are required to propose projects involving new interdisciplinary collaborations as the initiative views such partnerships as being critical to advancing the university’s vision for healthy people and a healthy planet.

Eligibility

Open to faculty members and PI-eligible research scientists from all three University of Washington campuses (Bothell, Seattle, Tacoma) are encouraged to apply for these planning grants.

To encourage interdisciplinary collaboration, applications will only be accepted from project teams that consist of a minimum of two UW principal investigators (PIs), with each holding primary appointments in different and distinct academic departments. Additional PIs or co-PIs beyond this minimum are welcome and encouraged. We also strongly encourage teams to engage community-based partners as PIs and co-PIs for these planning grants.

These planning grants are intended to advance new interdisciplinary collaborations. To apply, a project team must include at least one individual with no previous working relationship with the other member(s) of the team. We define a prior working relationship as having: (1) appeared as co-authors together on a peer-reviewed journal article, and/or (2) appeared together on the personnel list for an extramural grant application. You can search for potential collaborators through EarthLab’s virtual showcase of lightning talks on climate change, the Initiative’s database of climate change experts and/or attend an April 11, 2023 Open Space-style collaborative dialogue and networking session.

Funds will be disbursed to the department of a designated lead UW PI for day-to-day administration. Budgets must be able to accept non-discretionary gift funds. Departments that are not accustomed to working with community-based partners can seek administrative support from the Population Health Initiative.

If awarded, applicants will be required to submit a final report detailing project accomplishments and final budget reconciliation within 15 calendar days following the end of the funding period. Submission of the final report will trigger release to the team of the Request for Application for the special autumn 2023 funding call for climate change-focused Population Health Initiative pilot grants.

The timeline for this funding opportunity is:

All awardees will be automatically qualified to apply for a special autumn 2023 funding call for climate change-focused Population Health Initiative pilot grants. Those applications will be due on October 1, 2023, allowing successful awardees to begin work on their proposed projects during this calendar year.

Awards of up to $10,000 in total expenses per project are available from the Population Health Initiative. We encourage applicants to request no more than is required to complete the proposed work to maximize the number of projects supported by this funding.

School, college and/or departmental matching funds are encouraged but not required. Matching funds can take the form of either discretionary/non-discretionary monies or in-kind support. Other sponsored research projects cannot be counted as matching funds.

Funds will be disbursed to the department of the lead UW PI for day-to-day administration. Budgets must be able to accept non-discretionary gift funds. Departments that are not accustomed to working with community-based partners can seek administrative support from the Population Health Initiative.

Allowed expenses include:

Unallowable expenses include:

All allowable expenses must adhere to applicable University of Washington policies. Please engage your department’s finance contact with questions regarding such expenses. In addition, an Office of Sponsored Programs review is not needed prior to submitting an application.

Review criteria

Successful planning grant applications should:

Applications are encouraged, but not required, to include the following:

Awards will be granted to the highest-scoring applications. Applications that include matching funds will receive priority in the event that two proposals receive the same review score.

Application format

Applications must meet the following standards:

Each application must contain the following sections:

Download application template

Submit an application

All applications are due by 11:59 p.m. (Pacific) on Monday, May 1, 2023.

The application must be submitted as a single .pdf file through the following online submission portal.

Review by the Office of Sponsored Programs is not needed.

Submit an Application

Please contact us with any questions regarding this pilot grant program or the application process.

What is population health?

Population health is a broad concept encompassing not only the elimination of diseases and injuries, but also the intersecting and overlapping factors that influence health.

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Forecasting our future: the impacts of maine's changing climate.

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The impacts of climate change are all around us.

Every day, Maine's Total Weather team brings you a forecast, letting you know everything from when the best time to hit the slopes is or if the weather may be too extreme to head outdoors.

Winter in Maine has become the state's fastest changing season with more severe storms, battering our infrastructure.

Our team explored the impacts of what that change means, including what we can do to adjust to the altering conditions.

'There has been a warming': Tracking climate on Mt. Washington

The higher summits of New Hampshire’s White Mountains are not only known for their views and rather harsh conditions – they are also a perfect hub for unique research that can show us how sensitive our planet is to the changes that are occurring with our climate.

A frigid and windy overlook may not be the first place one may think of looking when it comes to global warming, but we have to keep in mind it is all relative in nature.

"There has been a warming-- more specifically, since about 2000, the warming has occurred."

On Mount Washington, we are not only tracking the most extreme weather on Earth but also crucial data here on the summit that will help determine how we forecast our future.

Click here to read the full story.

From hotels to Hannford: Maine businesses work on energy efficiency

When it comes to climate change, the old environmentalist motto applies: "Think globally, act locally.”

In that spirit, Maine businesses, large and small, are trying to improve their energy efficiency.

“Build for efficiency. It will pay you back enormously over time.”

From hotels to supermarkets, they are increasingly putting their concerns about climate change into action.

Antarctic Peninsula warming at 5x the global average: How it also effects Maine

The western region of Antarctica is warming at five times the global average. That warming will continue to impact sea ice, the ecology of the region and the ocean circulations around the globe.

"Polar regions in the Arctic and the Antarctic are fragile and they are critical to the circulation and overall ecology of marine life on our planet," Dr. Janet Duffy-Anderson said.

The warming of our poles will continue to impact lives here in the Gulf of Maine.

There's a feature called a global ocean circulation that the Antarctic Peninsula and the Antarctic continent itself are very important to.

Click here to read the full story .

Pipelines unable to carry enough natural gas to New England to meet demand

As we look to the future, there are increasing concerns about the power grid here in New England.

Mainers are already seeing higher power prices on their bills this winter due, in part, to limited natural gas in the region.

On a cold January day, the international cargo ship Cadiz Knutsen was seen in Boston Harbor delivering a load of liquefied natural gas (LNG) for the New England grid.

The extra fuel is needed to help make power for heating and cooling during periods of extreme weather.

"We're putting a Band-Aid on the problem."

Good Housekeeping

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Stephen Moore: America’s $100 billion climate change flop

Op-ed views and opinions expressed are solely those of the author.

For at least the last 20 years, politicians in Washington, at the behest of green energy groups, have spent some $100 billion of taxpayer money to fight climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. How is that going for us so far?

A recent Associated Press story, based on the latest data on global carbon emissions, provides a pretty accurate report card: “Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reached a Record High in 2022.”

The article tells us: “Communities around the world emitted more carbon dioxide in 2022 than in any other year on records dating to 1900, a result of air travel rebounding from the pandemic and more cities turning to coal as a low-cost source of power. Emissions of the climate-warming gas that were caused by energy production grew 0.9% to reach 36.8 gigatons in 2022, the International Energy Agency reported Thursday. (The mass of one gigaton is equivalent to about 10,000 fully loaded aircraft carriers, according to NASA.)”

You’ve got to almost shriek out loud when you read this line: “Thursday’s (IEA) report was described as disconcerting by climate scientists.”

“Disconcerting”? That’s putting it lightly. We are the furthest thing from being climate change alarmists, but when you spend $100 billion of taxpayer money and achieve absolutely nothing, President Joe Biden and his green allies should be arrested for criminal fraud.

Where did all the money go? Tens of billions of dollars have lined the pockets of left-wing environmental and social justice groups that have been emitting a lot of hot air but no results. Green energy companies have milked taxpayers of tens of billions more, even as wind and solar only produce about 12% of our energy.

Is this the greatest ripoff of U.S. taxpayers in history?

I’ve often said that I doubt all the doomsday predictions of global warming are accurate, but if they are, we are goners. Because nothing the Left is doing on climate change is making even the tiniest bit of difference, as the new report shows. What it is doing is giving politicians and activists a chance to virtue-signal. Does it even matter to them that none of their schemes are working?

The most obvious flaw in the green strategy is that few, if any, of the big polluters are cooperating despite the assurances from Biden’s climate change ambassador John Kerry. For the umpteenth time: The United States is not the problem — China is. Its pollution levels are three times higher than ours. Soon India will surpass the U.S. in carbon emissions.

Even the top scientists who study climate change admit that without progress from China, nothing America does to reduce emissions will reverse the global trends. The U.S. has reduced our emissions more than any other nation, and the problem continues to get worse. And yet, the rest of the world blames the U.S.

All we are accomplishing in the Biden war on fossil fuels is kneecapping our own domestic energy industry while the rest of the world consumes more fossil fuels than ever before. Instead of the oil and gas produced in Texas or North Dakota, it’s coming from Russia, Iran and OPEC. The energy source that is growing the fastest now is coal.

The only way to combat climate change is not through more command-and-control government action. That never works. The COVID-19 crisis and the incompetent government response should have taught us that lesson. We need more growth and better technology to deal with a changing climate. The leftists want less growth and have even been backing “degrowth.” Since when is making America poorer the solution to any problem?

In the wake of this epic policy failure, the Democrats aren’t backing off. Biden’s latest budget calls for $500 billion more for climate change over the next decade. Talk about throwing good money after bad. We shouldn’t be too surprised because, as Milton Friedman used to remind us, anytime a government program isn’t working, the politicians’ response is: “We aren’t spending enough money.”

If congressional Republicans are smart (a big if), they will not appropriate one penny more for this epic public policy flop. If we want to save our country’s future for our children, the first step is to stop adding to our $32 trillion national debt.

Stephen Moore is a senior fellow at the Heritage Foundation and an economist with FreedomWorks. His latest book is “Govzilla: How the Relentless Growth of Government is Devouring our Economy.”

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IMAGES

(PDF) The Economics of Global Climate Change: A Historical Literature Review
Climate Change Model
(PDF) Assessing the Impacts of Climate Change: A Literature Review
Literature as a Lens for Climate Change: Using Narratives to Prepare the Next Generation
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COMMENTS

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Definitions of upscaling from the literature. "replication, spread, or adaptation of techniques, ideas, approaches, and concepts (the means)," and aims at achieving an "increased scale of impact (the ends).". Purpose: "to efficiently increase the socioeconomic impact from a small to a large scale of coverage.".
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A review of climate change, mitigation and adaptation
This paper reviews assessing of such climate change impacts on various components of the ecosystem such as air, water, plants, animals and human beings, with special emphasis on economy. The most daunting problem of global warming is also discussed.
Climate Change Denial & Skepticism: A Review of the Literature
This literature review traces the development of climate change denial from its beginnings in conservative organizations and the energy industry in the mid-20th century, and shows how the initial denialists' work has been refined by contemporary actors to spread climate dis- and misinformation online.
Literature Review of Climate Change Impacts on Pacific Salmon and
To clarify what is known, we conduct annual literature reviews of studies addressing climate impacts on salmon, particularly salmon in the Pacific Northwest. Bar charts show the percentage of papers in the scientific literature that address some of these topics from about 2,000 relevant papers published during 2010‑2019.
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climate change (and responses to climate change) can impact people's ability to enjoy their human rights at varying degrees. The report also describes adaptation processes, decision-making in the context of climate change, resilience building processes, and future risks and adaptation opportunities by region and sector.
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Climate-health literature reviews using systematic methods will be increasingly critical in the health sector, given the depth and breadth of the growing body of climate change and health literature, as well as the urgent need for evidence to inform climate-health adaptation and mitigation strategies.
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Abstract. The purpose of this study is to identify existing evidence on risks and opportunities associated with climate change with regards to economic development, and in particular agricultural ...
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The systematic literature review included a comprehensive search of the literature, collection and incorporation of information submitted by the public, screening and assessment of the eligibility of the collected literature, and synthesis of the collected literature.
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PDF Climate Literature Review 2011
Climate Literature Review page 8 3 Goals and methods of this review The goal of this review was to identify the literature published in 2010 that is most relevant to predicting impacts of climate change on Columbia River salmon listed under the Endangered Species Act. A large amount of literature related to this topic is not included, because ...
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Climate change adaptation (CCA) evolved in the global policy framework in the early 1990s. However, it began to flourish about a decade later through a subsequent development of institutions, policies and supporting financial mechanisms. Various adaptation approaches and development practices have been evolving over the last couple of decades through a process of scrutiny, debates, and critiques.
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Risky feedback loops that are accelerating global climate change may not be fully accounted for in current climate models, according to a recent study published in the scientific journal One Earth.
The health benefits of tackling climate change
Climate change will harm human health, and successful strategies to mitigate the extent of the change will restrict that harm. But new studies show that appropriate mitigation strategies will themselves have additional and independent effects on health, most of them beneficial. The potential value of these co-benefits has not so far been given ...
Climate change and the rising cost of potholes
Whether it's a blown tire or damaged (possibly dislodged) bumper, potholes can cost a vehicle owner up to $6,000 to repair. "We've got like 34,000 kilometres of what we've deemed as poor or very ...
Climate change planning grants
Climate change planning grants. The Population Health Initiative is seeking planning grant applications from the University of Washington research community to support investigators in launching new collaborations that will take on pressing climate-related challenges. Awards of up to $10,000 each are available with a project period of no more ...
Forecasting our Future: The impacts of Maine's changing climate
MAINE —. The impacts of climate change are all around us. Every day, Maine's Total Weather team brings you a forecast, letting you know everything from when the best time to hit the slopes is or ...
Stephen Moore: America's $100 billion climate change flop
Stephen Moore: America's $100 billion climate change flop. Op-ed views and opinions expressed are solely those of the author. For at least the last 20 years, politicians in Washington, at the ...
PDF The United Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare
climate change. Findings of the review as well as those of the V&A study will inform the review or development of existing policies and strategic plans for the health and water sectors. For example: Findings of the review will inform the on-going process of development of the 5-year Health Sector Strategic