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Media literature review guide: How to conduct a literature review of news sources
On this page, first steps: questions to ask, key things to keep in mind, sources by media type, online news, news websites, archival websites, library subscription news sources, archived broadcast/tv news, original audio-visual broadcasts, broadcast news transcripts, searching news sources methodically, how to do news content analysis, saving, exporting, and citing news from websites/databases, additional research help, related sfu resource guides.
Use this guide if you are conducting a literature review of news sources on a certain topic, and need help locating a sample of news sources for your analysis. For example:
- BC newspaper articles covering RCMP sexual harassment claims over the past ten years
- Newspaper, online news website and TV news stories reporting on the marijuana 4/20 event in 2007 and later in 2017.
Ask yourself:
- Geography: Are there any geographic parameters to your news search (e.g., specific city or cities, provinces or countries of news sources)?
- Time frame: Are you searching within a specific time range, or at least before or after a particular day?
- News format: What news media types are you interested in (online news content, newspapers, etc.)?
A few things key things to keep in mind:
- Older newspaper content (1990s and earlier) may not be digitized yet. A common exception is the digitization of much older newspaper content, such as the Globe and Mail Canada , which provides coverage from 1844. There is often a large digitization gap between the historical content and more recent news content. Alternative access may be available through SFU Library's microfilm collection.
- There are both free and library subscription news archives available. There is often overlapping coverage between the free and subscription sources.
- SFU library subscribes to several online news sources, also known as "subscription news sources", which may provide more reliable and comprehensive archival content.
Examples: CBC , Vancouver Sun , The Wall Street Journal
You can go directly to a commercial news website and search the site for its news archives.
A few things to note about general news websites:
- Archival content is limited and not comprehensive
- Extent of archival coverage is usually unknown/undocumented
- Links to older news stories may come and go, and older versions may have been edited
- Links may be unstable
- Bonus: Associated images are typically archived along with the article
Example: The Internet Archive
You may be able to obtain archival content through third party websites, which independently and intermittently scrape commercial web content for archiving.
Notes on archival websites:
- The Internet Archive scrapes a vast amount of web content for archiving (about 286 billion + web pages). Paste the newspaper's URL (e.g., http://vancouversun.com/) into the search bar to see which news web pages have been archived.
- Note that the Internet Archive only archives a sample of pages from news websites, and therefore does not provide complete historical coverage of a news source.
- View the News & Public Affairs section of the Internet Archives for new collections by topic (e.g., "The Iraq War Collection"). Collections are primarily American.
Examples: Canadian Newsstream , CBCA , Factiva
SFU Library subscribes to a number of news databases which systematically archive news sources from both traditional print newspapers, and online and other media news sources.
Notes on subscription news sources:
- Offers a much more comprehensive searching of backfiles; extent of historical coverage explicitly outlined
- Can search multiple news sources at once by various filters, for instance, all Canadian newspapers
- Smaller Canadian newspapers can be included in your search (e.g., Burnaby Now)
- Many of the articles found in these specialized databases will also show up in a general library catalogue search. However, going to the directly to the subscription database allows for much more targeted searching
- Some of these databases also archive scholarly journals, so be sure to set your search limiters so that newspapers are in your results
- Note: Original images as published in situ may be available in newspaper microform
- Note that you may find multiple versions of one article found across different news sources. This relates to how press releases are distributed, as well as how media conglomerations share and modify content.
- Some of these databases are more complicated to use , but offer a more powerful and robust search in exchange for your efforts
Examples: CTV National News, The National with Peter Mansbridge, PBS Newshour
- It is very challenging to find older, archived broadcast/TV news, as publicly available archival sources are limited.
- Some news archives focus on news originally broadcast through cable television , while others aim to capture news stories broadcast on the internet (" born digital ").
- Television companies may have their own private archives of news footage, not readily available to the public.
- SFU Library does not currently have a subscription to any broadcast news archives.
Some resources:
The Internet Archive's TV News archive includes extensive archived video material, mostly from the US. Advanced search by news program and network is available. Keyword searching searches closed captions. Coverage begins around 2009.
CBC Archives incorporates news, images, and audio files from across Canada in its extensive archives. Select items are exhibited on a changing basis. Coverage may include news stories, such as 1993: World Trade Centre Bombed . Users can also explore the CBC Archives Sales website for items to purchase.
Vanderbilt News Archive is a searchable, private database of broadcast news, but is unfortunately not free nor available through SFU library. Materials may be loaned, arriving through the mail in a hardcopy format.
YouTube It's possible a particular news broadcast was uploaded to YouTube.
Transcripts may be available from prior broadcast news stories. These are a possible alternative to finding the original broadcast in audio-visual format.
The following SFU databases contain some transcripts.
Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database Under "Document type", select "transcript". Run a search and then narrow by source and add keywords. Extensive transcripts are available for The National (CBC television), Canada AM (CTV television), and others.
Film & Television Literature Index with Full Text
Canadian Newsstream Under "Document type", select "transcript". Run a search and then narrow by source and add keywords. Extensive transcripts are available for The National (CBC television), Canada AM (CTV television), and others.
Nexis Uni Includes transcripts from about 123 (mostly American) news broadcasts such as ABC, BBC, NPR, Fox News Network, and CNN.
Factiva (see image below for search instructions) An international collection of news broadcast transcripts in a variety of languages.
Finding transcripts in Factiva:
- 1. Expand the option of searching Sources , by clicking on the small arrow next to that word. This will open up a drop-down menu with the option to select source category By Type . Choose this option. 2. Transcripts will appear as an option. Expand this category to see the option of Transcripts: Broadcast.
Google News will find articles related to your topic from a variety of sources.
- The scope of Google's news coverage, while appealingly very broad , is also very unknown . This significantly limits efforts toward systematic searching.
- Advanced search allows you to search by particular news source or web domain . For instance, you can run a search for Vancouver Sun or site:vancouversun.com for the web site
- News trends can be found under the "Top Stories" section.
It's effective to plan your search before you tackle the databases and to track the databases you search, as well as the terms that you use. Follow these steps for effective research;
Write down a sentence describing the topic of your search
Compared to corporate media, alternative media offers vastly different frames on the impact climate change has on jobs within the petroleum industry.
Identify the key concepts in your topic
Compared to corporate media, alternative media offers vastly different frames on the impact climate change has on jobs within the petroleum industry .
Brainstorm synonyms or related terms for these key concepts
- You may need to do some background reading to identify pertinent terminology.
- Group the terms that relate to one of your key concepts. Your key concepts can be as specific as corporate names or as broad as the industry. Keep adding or deleting key concepts as you search.
Track research: search terms, search expressions, databases
Track the terms that you use to search, using an Excel spreadsheet or other record, grouping them by concept, noting definitions. As you find literature, you will add to this list of terms.
Select an appropriate database for your search
- Are you researching coverage in "mainstream" sources? Or are you looking for coverage from an "alternative" perspective?
- What is the scope of the specific news database? Does it provide geographical and chronological coverage suitable for your search? Do all the news source have to be Canadian? If YES, you might consider whether you should limit at the outset or when evaluating your results.
- Many databases enable you to include a publication date range, in order to focus your search on a specific time period.
Review your search results
- Analyze your results in order to assess and modify your search terms or search statement.
- You can use the database limiters to scope your results according to subject, publication, etc. For example, focus on the news before and after a pivotal event, by time period, by figuring out the correct terminology, and so on.
Consider whether you need to focus your search, by date, by publication, or other parameters
- TIP: If you are receiving too many off-topic results, try searching for your keywords in just the article title field.
- Similarly, consider whether your research would be improved by concentrating on particular types of news stories, such as editorials, opinion, columns, sports, etc.
Capture your results, either by emailing them to yourself or saving to a file
You will need to support your nomination with documentation of your research.
And, of course, watch out for signs of fake news.
- The content analysis guidebook
- Newswatcher's guide to content analysis
- Sage Research Methods Online. A vast research portal on research methodology.
There are a number of free citation management software and tools available for students through SFU. Use one of the citation managers to export and save articles. When you are looking at articles found through the SFU database, there will be options to "save" the article through citation managers such as Mendeley or Zotero.
Depending on which citation style you are using, the SFU citation & style guides explain how to cite news articles and other document types.
Ask a Librarian
See News resources: Finding newspaper articles and newspapers to help find newspaper articles and newspapers.
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Procedia Computer Science
A systematic review on the profiling of digital news portal for big data veracity ☆.
Currently, digital news portals have been one of the most important news sources for Internet users. However, the way it is written depends on the direction of the content. One approach to news reporting is through manipulative writing. Such method of writing has created a number of adverse outcomes such as political unrest, slander and negative perception towards the particular organization, personnel, and country. It is important for readers to choose and select news portal that is reporting positively and to neglect portals which practices manipulative writing approach for their own gains or causing negative impact towards the community. The aim of this study is to structure and analyzed the literature related to data veracity research that can be used to the profile of digital news portal. The method that has been used in this paper is to classify and define data veracity; a systematic literature review is a conduct. It includes journal and conference proceedings. The results come out with objectives in data veracity, the structure of research topics, research trends with publications and framework veracity model validated. This paper provides a complete review of literature related to profiling digital news portal in data veracity.
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Peer-review under responsibility of organizing committee of Information Systems International Conference (ISICO2015).
Online Videos at Newspaper Websites: A Literature Review
- Niclas Hallgren Arcada University of Applied Sciences
- Mats Nylund Arcada University of Applied Sciences
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of research in online video on newspapers’ websites. The article identifies a number of relevant issues in production and business models and presents research results concerning the production and consumption of online news videos. Advertising in relation to online news videos is also examined.
Bellman, S. 2013. Can 30-second ads save newspapers? Published 10.06.2013. Available: http://media.murdoch.edu.au/can-30-second-ads-save-newspapers Murdoch University. Accessed 25.09.2014.
Brown, T & Collins, S. 2010. What “They” Want From “Us”: Industry Expectations of Journalism Graduates. Electronic News, 4(2), 68-82, DOI: 10.1177/1931243110367635.
Doyle, G. 2010. From Television to Multi-Platform: Less for More or More for Less? Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 16(4), 1-19, DOI: 10.1177/1354856510375145.
Doyle, G. 2013. Re-Invention and Survival: Newspapers in the era of digital multiplatform delivery. Presented at EMMA Conference 2013. 13p.
Ericsson Consumer Labs. 2014. TV and Media 2014 Changing consumer needs are creating a new media landscape. Available: http://www.ericsson.com/res/docs/2014/consumerlab/tv-media-2014-ericsson-consumerlab.pdf 13p.
Evens, T. 2014. (De)convergence in TV: a comparative analysis of the development of Smart TV. Presented at EMMA Conference 2014. 14p.
Ihlström Eriksson, C & Åkersson, M. 2013. User Generated Content in News Media – a Comparison of Reader and Newspaper views. Presented at EMMA Conference 2013. 17 p.
Ksiazek, T B & Peer, L & Lessard, K. User engagement with online news: Conceptualizing interactivity and exploring the relationship between online news videos and user comments. New media & society, 1-19, DOI: 10.1177/1461444814545073.
Lagger, C & Lux, M & Marques, O. 2012. What makes People Watch Online Videos: An Exploratory Study. Available: http://www.itec.uni-klu.ac.at/~mlux/files/papers/CiE_lagger_lux_preprint.pdf 42p.
Livingston, S. 2004. The Challenge of Changing Audiences Or, What is the Audience Researcher to do in the Age of the Internet? European Journal of Communication, 19:75, 75-86, DOI: 10.1177/0267323104040695.
Murschetz, P. 2014. Does Online Video Save Newspapers? An Economic Performance Perspective of Adopting Online Video Services in Regional News Publishing in Germany. Presented at EMMA Conference 2014, 28p.
OECD. 2007. Participative Web and User-Created Content Web 2.0, Wikis and Social Networking. Available: http://browse.oecdbookshop.org/oecd/pdfs/free/9307031e.pdf Accessed 30.10.2014. 128p.
Pew Research Center. 2014. News Video on the Web, a Growing, if Uncertain, Part of News. Avaliable: http://www.journalism.org/files/2014/03/News-Video-on-the-Web.pdf 25p.
Phalen, P F & Ducey R V. 2012. Audience Behavior in the Multi-Screen “Video-Verse”. The International Journal on Media Management. 14:2, 141-156, DOI:10.1080/14241277.2012.657811
Quinn, S & Filak, V F. 2005. Convergent journalism: An introduction. Focal Press. ISBN 0-240-80724-3. 227p.
Reuters Institute. 2014. Digital News Report 2014. Available https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Reuters%20Institute%20Digital%20News%20Report%202014.pdf Accessed 14.10.2014. 96p.
Tameling, K & Broersma, M. 2013. De-converging the newsroom: Strategies for newsroom change and their influence on journalism practice. The International Communcation Gazette, 75(1), 19-34, DOI: 10.1177/1748048512461760.
Thurman, N & Lupton, B. 2008. Multimedia Storytelling at British News Websites. Convergence Calls, 14(4), 439-455, DOI: 10.1177/1354856508094662.
Uliyanova, A & Hol, B & Neilsen, A. 2013. Business Model Change in the Newspaper Industry: The Case of Young News Consumers in the Age of Postmodernity. Presented at EMMA Conference 2013, 25p.
Wellbrock, C M & Rausch, L. 2012. How to Act Hyper local – Users Expectations towards Regional Newspapers Websites. Presented at EMMA Conference 2012. 16p
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Readers and Online News Websites Research Paper
This paper will be a case study of News.com.au. The objective will be to use this site to explore some of the factors mentioned above. It will show that the success of online broadcasts relies on more than just the readers. The paper will also take into account the thoughts of the readers on their role in that success, and members of the site’s staff on the news and the new developments they wish to adopt.
We will write a custom Research Paper on Readers and Online News Websites specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page
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This will be done through a questionnaire. The paper will also explore the organization and structure of News.com.au website, and how this helps it sell itself to the readers.
Introduction
With the prevalence of online media today, more and more media houses are going online. Not only are new media houses adopting online broadcasting, but the ones that are already online are increasing their online portals. These media houses hope to retain their customers.
Their adoption of online media is an attempt to chase after their customers who are already on line, as well as winning new online users. The participation of readers is pivotal for the success of the sites (Cushion 2001; Cameron 2000).
Based on their perceptions on the sites, the readers could inform other people; their friends, families, workmates, et cetera. Although getting more people coming in is a good thing, the real question is not whether a person logs in, but whether he/she keeps returning to the portal. Retaining old customers makes it possible to identify the new readers, and to evaluate whether the portal is popular amongst readers (Emmerichs et al 2004).
News.com is an organization of editors based in Sydney. It has a large number of online editors who manage its work in many cities and mast-head sections all over the world (Burden 2008; Chappel 2000, p. 12). It has reporters and newspapers that contribute greatly in many states including territories all over Australia and goes further to include correspondents from different parts of the world (Chaston 1999, p. 34).
In Asia, it has correspondents from various cities that include Beijing in China, Bangkok in Thailand, Tokyo in Japan and Jakarta in Indonesia. In Europe, London takes the lion share and takes the representation of United Kingdom and the larger European continent. In the United States, the cities of Washington, Wellington, New York and Los Angeles have been inhabited by the correspondents of this organization (Chaston 1999, p. 30).
It has in the last decade drawn its global power of incorporating news and the act of gathering parallel news from News Limited. This is the largest new gathering network in Australia (De Botton 2002; Denu 2011).
Within its rank, is an out-and-about team of online reporters who work hard to contribute their daily reports to the millions of the Australian population (Little 2007, p. 41; Alysen 2002, p. 35).It presents the content it gathers from the vast network of the News Limited network which has in its ranks news on a range issues such as business, weather, entertainment, and sports.
The portal makes almost minute to minute update of its news. For example, it can be noticed that the Breaking News column in the News.com.au bears headlines only minutes apart (Young 2007).
It has a wide range of contributing factors in its daily to daily news that range from newspapers which include the daily telegraph, the advertiser, the Australian, the herald sun, the Sunday times, the courier mail and the mercury. The posting of the newspapers is done every night at around 2am.
The reporting teams give an update on the events that happen each and every-day, and get its daily update from its efficiently developed network of printing activities and the other resources of the associated press of Australia and other press resources like the Agence France-Presse and the associated press (Erdelez 1995).
Literature review
Print media thrive on readership. As has been briefly mentioned above, media houses count on readers to keep their sites running. Variety and the consequent competitiveness helped by the internet makes it necessary for these media houses to adopt suitable ways to attract and retain more readers.
For this reason, various media houses have adopted a number of audience-based tactics. Since the primary objective is to win and retain these customers, the news content, which is the primary product that these media houses are selling, becomes only a small part of the overall methods used to win readers (Valentine 2011, p. 65).
For instance, Bowman and Willis (2003, p. 7) pointed out how MSNBC.com, CNN, Washington Post and The Wall Street Journal offered their readers certain degrees of personalization on their sites’ front pages. Personalization means that readers can customize the portals to satisfy some of their tastes.
Also another phenomenon of online activity is what Erdelez (1995, p. 20) referred to as information encountering. This is the ability of the internet to get readers to news without them really intending to. This thrives upon the opportunistic reading habits and emotional response of the readers.
Tewksbury et al. (2001, p. 34) argued that due to the prevalence of news online, many people come by news items without necessarily setting out to find the news. In the same line, Nguyen (2008) agrees that the structure of online media has facilitated unintended encounter of news and its reading.
What these examples reveal is that it is not only the place of readers to keep the get to the site. While the end target is humans, there are other elements of the internet that helps keep the sites running. The irony here is that people may not really go to the site for the purpose of reading the news, but maybe to reach a gateway to other portals.
But the fact still remains that they have gotten the readers to their site. Another Irony is that the very nature of internet structure that leads readers to these sites may be the same thing that directs them away. Nonetheless, the case of New.com.au shows clearly just how important readers are to keeping news website running.
News.com.au has also adopted a readers-centered tactic of retaining its readers. This has involved different forms of reader-participation. For instance, readers participate in the site by posting their comments on various issues on the company site.
These posts include the reader’s reaction(s) to various issues, including the news or certain new adoptions in the site-structure and organization, amongst others. This paper will show that this reader-centered tactic is having a positive effect on winning readers to their online portal.
As it were, this tactic has been a direct way to hear what the readers want from their own lips. The company has an online portal dedicated to collecting the readers’ views fro critical assessment and evaluation. It has constantly used the information from the readers to know what they perceive as negative and make necessary adjustments.
In other words, the company realizes and acknowledges the role of the readers in keeping their site running. Their primary goal then becomes satisfying the readers (Goggin 2001, p. 44).
It is as if the company has explicitly set out to answer a question it has set itself: How do we expect to have the most captivating news when the readers do not have the right platforms to express themselves and air their satisfactions or dissatisfactions?
A good media house cannot emerge without the resurgent action of its readers, so the readers ought to be given the chance to help the media houses online make the right decisions and changes (Heracleous, Wirtz & Pangarkar 2006; Berridge 2007).
Research Questions
The research seeks to answer the question like; how has the general setting of the online portal of the News.com.au helped it win and keep readers? And what other new tactics should the company adopt to ensure that it retains a close relation with its readers?
Methodology
The research made use of multiple methods of data collection, including where experimentation, surveys, questionnaires and observation of the site to enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of the results, and to increase the likeliness of getting more results from other sources relating to online media organization, especially News.com.au (Karol & Nelson 2007).
Experimentation: the research emphasized on studying the trend of relations between the readers and the organization.
For instance, the number of readers who have visited their websites of the organization, what kinds of comments the readers have made: positive or negative, and how these comments have influenced certain changes in the site, and the company’s general operations. The decisions of the managers and the readers’ involvement in online media were used for the experimentation (Gillespie, Jeannette & Hennessey 2010).
Some of the data was obtained from the company’s history from the company website sites. Other data that was gotten from the company website including the recent activities of the company and what the managers have done to deal with the pressure of the increasing online readership and how they have reacted to the different comments.
The correspondence between the company and the readers on the company website was equally witnessed. Moreover, more data was gotten from the company’s history, its position on online reading and the effects it has had on the general online media broadcasts from other secondary results like journals and magazines (Atwood 2007; Cohen 2011).
Questionnaires were used to interview specific groups of people over the internet. The different questions that were required for the research were composed and sent to the News Limited office in Australia via email. In this case, the researcher identified the target group from the players within this organization.
Since these persons were located in various places around Australia, the internet was the only effective means of communicating with them. Questionnaires were developed on word format and sent to the identified study group, which included the managers and the executive chairman of the organization who had been consulted before the study. As already stated, the questionnaires were sent over through email.
The results were received back from these persons by the same means. This study identified 40 potential interviewees who signed consent forms, received the questionnaire over the net, but only 35 of them returned the questionnaires. Out of the 35 returned questionnaires, 2 were found ineligible for the study. In the end, only 33 of the of the study sample were eligible for the study (MacGinley 2004; Erdley & Kesterson 2002).
The annual reports released by News.com Australian media for the last five years shows their performances regarding the number of online readers who visited its online portal. I obtained permission to study the data from the organization which had been identified as the study center and place.
The researcher sought for permission from the managers and the various stakeholders of the organization. The executive chairman was the main person contacted with a request to allow an explicit study on his organization on their activities and everything revolving around their reader-data collection methods. The permission was granted.
These study populations formed the first study section, where the causes of the divergent opinions and comments in the online Medias were determined. These study populations were considered for the qualitative research, given that the study was both quantitative and qualitative. For the quantitative research, the researcher sent questionnaires to the main organization offices in Australia.
Because all the study populations identified in this research understood and used English, the questionnaires were in English language. The researcher obtained important financial aid from the professionals working at the News.com.au branch in the region.
The study targeted the organization, which, it felt, was the best in Australia- being the major media house in Australia (Kenyon 2008; Austin 2010). The data was not tampered with in for one month that data collection was carried out.
The qualitative data was cumulated in individual’s interviews and then documented. For the Quantitative data, the questionnaires were gathered by the researcher and distributed through email to the staff of News.com.au. Responses were collected via the email (Bunzel 2000; Karol & Nelson 2007).
Data analysis
Statistical data analysis tools and procedures were used to derive information from the data obtained in the questionnaires. Specifically, the Statistical Packages software as well as the Microsoft access and database tools was used for the study. The data analysis procedure was done within a period of one week which was well within the stipulated time (Donald & Keane 2002; Bowman & Willis 2003).
The questionnaires were responded to according to the instructions given. On analyzing the questionnaires, it was revealed that there were several positive questions for the researched organization. The organization conveyed that there was an average of more than 5% difference between the comments and the opinions which the online readers gave out in 2009.
The difference rose by 6 percent in 2010.
The organization further reported that they had a negative difference when handling readers from other countries who had read and sampled its news portal, mainly because it was not so enriched in terms of experience compared to other well established media sites in Australia like the News Limited which has acted as an all-time leading online portal in the past decade (Newton & Morrison 2007, p. 45).
Most readers preferred other up to date and the emerging news precisely the political news.
Study results
The research found out that the organization had taken into key consideration the increased feedbacks and the opinions that it received from its daily readers through their portal. As the managers explained in their questionnaires, this had impacted greatly on the company positively since they were able to receive prompt feedbacks when an error occurred in their site.
For instance, whenever their broadcast is not streaming properly, they have learnt it from the readers and used the information to avert and counter the problem promptly. And by observing the website and witnessing the correspondence between the readers and the site staff, it was noticed that the handlers of the portal responded promptly to the readers’ questions and comments (Berridge 2007; Bretford 2010).
After the end of research on the organization and the readers’ participation on online media, it can be concluded that each and every media that feeds news to the people through an online platform should instill efficient platforms where readers’ can air and interact directly with the organization, for example, the help-platform in the organization’s website.
The use of online feeds will give the readers a one-on-one platform to air their opinions: satisfactions and dissatisfactions, and their views on various pieces of information.
For an efficient growth of the online Media, the readers should be allowed to be involved in the day to day running of the organization. The research also found out that news.com had involved their online readers a lot and this had been a major help to their immense growth in the past decade (Young 2007).
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IvyPanda. (2019, July 15). Readers and Online News Websites. https://ivypanda.com/essays/readers-and-online-news-websites/
IvyPanda. (2019, July 15). Readers and Online News Websites. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/readers-and-online-news-websites/
"Readers and Online News Websites." IvyPanda , 15 July 2019, ivypanda.com/essays/readers-and-online-news-websites/.
1. IvyPanda . "Readers and Online News Websites." July 15, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/readers-and-online-news-websites/.
Bibliography
IvyPanda . "Readers and Online News Websites." July 15, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/readers-and-online-news-websites/.
IvyPanda . 2019. "Readers and Online News Websites." July 15, 2019. https://ivypanda.com/essays/readers-and-online-news-websites/.
IvyPanda . (2019) 'Readers and Online News Websites'. 15 July.
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First steps: Questions to ask, key things to keep in mind · Sources by media type · Online news · News websites · Archival websites · Newspapers · Library
The aim of this study is to structure and analyzed the literature related to data veracity research that can be used to the profile of digital news portal.
European Media Management Association research database and the findings of the Reuters Institute. Digital News Report. The literature search resulted in.
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of research in online video on newspapers' websites. The article identifies a number
It will show that the success of online broadcasts relies on more than just the readers. The paper will also take into account the thoughts of
The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of research in online video on newspapers' websites. The article identifies a number of relevant
Online journalism textbook authors have concluded from this research that online journalists should create stories layers or tiers. They argue this format is
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sents a research agenda focusing on the production of mobile news. ... and synthesises literature found in the nexus of journalism and mobile media. It.
When creating FNI, the promulgators usually and purposely create websites and adopt names that are similar to those of legitimate news