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How To Write A Letter In Spanish: A Simple Guide

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These days, not many people need to know how to write a letter in Spanish, at least not in the old handwritten way.

Nonetheless, you’re here now, and so in this post, we’ll are going to give you everything you need to know about writing a letter in Spanish, whether it’s a handwritten letter, sending an informal email or other, we have you covered.

To begin with, we’ll look at the most common words and phrases used when writing an email or letter in Spanish. As with English, the development of a letter will depend on whether you want it to be formal or informal, which you should be clear about from the outset.

Later in this post, we’ll review five examples of different types of letters or emails that are commonly sent.

For now, let’s begin the most common vocabulary related to writing a letter in Spanish.

How To Write A Letter In Spanish: Essential Vocabulary

In the below section, we list the most common vocabulary related to letters, either because you use them when you write, or they are linked to the postal world

How To Write A Letter In Spanish: Formal Letters

There are many reasons why you may need to send a formal letter at some point in the future.

It could be for a job application, to ask for information, to send a complaint, a suggestion, a thank you, or even a formal invitation for an event. Perhaps it’s due to not knowing the person who is receiving the letter.

In this section, we’ll cover the most common vocabulary used with formal letters, including the all-important greetings and goodbyes.

Sidenote: When writing a formal letter in Spanish, you will always use the “usted” form instead of “tú”, due to the formal nature of the communication. By consequence, we always use possessive adjective “su”.

Spanish Vocabulary For Formal Greetings

Spanish vocabulary for formal goodbyes, spanish vocabulary for informal letters.

Here, you’ll find the most commonly used vocabulary for informal letters or emails that you would send to a friend, family member, or even an acquaintance.

Informal Greetings

Informal Goodbyes

How To Write A Letter In Spanish: Introducing A Topic

In addition to knowing how to start and end a letter, it’s important to know some phrases for introducing ideas and developing the body of your letter.

Here are some common ways to do this.

Formal letters

Informal letters

How To Write a Cover Letter In Spanish

There’s a good chance that you’re reading this blog post in order to learn how to write a cover letter in Spanish, be it for a future job application, a scholarship, or other.

While this post won’t go into a ton of detail on the subject, we’re going to list the most common vocabulary and verbs that you are likely to use in a Spanish cover letter.

How To Write A Letter In Spanish: Sample letters

By now, you should know a ton of vocabulary that can be used in a formal or informal letter.

In the next section, we are going to give you examples of five different letters that you may want to write in the future.

We’ve included an English translation for each example so that you can see the differences between both.

(as sometimes happens when translating directly from Spanish to English, some of the phrases or words below may sound a bit clunky)

1) Cover Letter For A Job Interview

Spanish version:

Telf: 78609411

Mail: [email protected]

Hotel Cortez

A quien pueda interesar

Estimados señores Hotel Cortez,

Atendiendo al llamado que hicieron por distintos portales web, para el puesto de Gerente del departamento de Front Desk, quiero hacerles llegar mi interés de postularme para este cargo.

Como notarán tengo amplios estudios y conocimientos en el área de hotelería, hospedaje y servicio. Además, he potenciado mis conocimientos de manejo de personal,  aplicando mis conocimientos en terapias alternativas a los distintos equipos de trabajo que he tenido a mi cargo, ofreciéndoles técnicas de meditación y mindfulness, obteniendo un gran logro en su desempeño, y esto ha reducido sus niveles de ansiedad y ha fomentado la calma en momentos de tensión, que sabemos suelen ocurrir en el áre de hotelería.

Creo que mis valores y conocimientos están de la mano con su compañía, y lograremos reforzar y promover un excelente equipo de trabajo, que se traduce en una gran experiencia para todos los clientes.

Esperando saber de ustedes, quedo dispuesta a concederles una entrevista para ampliar cualquier otra información que requieran.

Saludos cordiales,

English version:

Tel: 78609411

To whom it may concern

Dear Sirs Hotel Cortéz,

In response to the call made by different web portals, for the position of Manager of the Front Desk department, I want to express my interest to apply for this position.

As you will notice I have extensive studies and knowledge in the area of ​​hospitality, lodging and service. Additionally, I have strengthened my knowledge of personnel management, applying my knowledge in alternative therapies to the different teams that I have managed, offering them meditation and mindfulness techniques, obtaining a great improvement in their performance, and this has reduced their levels of anxiety and encouraged calm in times of stress, which we know often occur in the area of ​​hospitality.

I believe that my values ​​and knowledge go hand in hand with your company, and we will be able to reinforce and promote an excellent work team, which translates into a great experience for all clients.

Hoping to hear from you, I am available for an interview to expand on any other information you require.

Best regards,

2) Cover Letter For An Internship

Mail: [email protected]

Soy estudiante del penúltimo año de Hotelería en la Universidad Nacional de Hospitalidad , y quiero mostrarles mi interés en formar parte de su compañía a través de un contrato de prácticas.

Como saben, la escuela pide 400 horas de práctica profesional en empresas especializadas en el área de estudios del alumno, para optar por el título profesional.

Podrán ver que una de mis mayores fortalezas está en el área de alimentos y bebidas , ya que he participado en diferentes entrenamientos y estudios paralelos, que me han llevado a innovar nuevas formas de ofrecer el servicio y experiencia del cliente, y estoy segura que el Hotel Cortez sabrá sacar el máximo provecho, cuando vea el aumento de experiencias positivas que sus clientes experimentarán.

Me encuentro en alta disposición para conversar con ustedes más ampliamente. Espero su llamado para una entrevista y conocernos mejor.

Atentamente,

I am a student in the penultimate year of hospitality at the National University of Hospitality,  and I want to express to you my interest in becoming part of your company through an internship contract.

As you know, the school asks for 400 hours of professional practice in companies specialized in the area of student studies, to opt for the professional degree.

You can see that one of my greatest strengths is in the food and beverage area , since I have participated in different trainings and parallel studies, which have led me to innovate new ways of offering the customer’s service and experience, and I am sure that the Hotel Cortez  will know how to make the most of it, when you see the increase of positive experiences that your clients will experience.

I am in a high position to talk with you more widely. I await your call for an interview and get to know each other better.

Yours sincerely,

3) A Complaint Letter

Estimados Señores de Renta Autos C.A

La presente carta tiene por motivo, hacerles saber mi desagrado en cuanto al servicio prestado por ustedes. El auto que rentamos no fue el acordado, y además están cobrando a mi tarjeta de crédito un monto que no le pertenece al auto que me entregaron.

Esperando una pronta respuesta,

English equivalent:

Dear Sirs of Renta Autos C.A

The purpose of this letter is to let you know my displeasure regarding the service provided by you. The car we rented was not the one agreed upon, and you are also charging my credit card with an amount that doesn’t belong to the car that was delivered to me.

Waiting for a quick response,

4) Thank you letter

Amada familia,

He recibido los regalos que me han enviado. ¡Un millón de gracias por tan lindo detalle!

Espero que pronto volvamos a vernos.

Reciban todo mi amor y un fuerte abrazo,

Beloved family,

I have received the gifts that you sent me. Thanks a million for such a nice detail!

I hope we’ll see each other again soon.

Sending all my love and a big hug.

5) General Business Letter

Estimado Señor Torres,

Por medio de la presente quisiera formalizar mi ingreso a su prestigiosa empresa, como asesor de marketing. Me ha encantado su propuesta y no puedo declinarla. Anexo encontrará un archivo adjunto con todo lo que me ha solicitado.

Quedo a la orden para cualquier duda.

Le saluda atentamente,

Dear Mr. Torres,

Through this letter, I would like to formalize my entry to your prestigious company, as a marketing consultant. I loved your proposal and I cannot decline it.

You’ll find an attachment with everything you have requested.

Let me know if you have any questions.

____________

Comment below and let us know if you’d like to see more examples of formal or informal letters or emails in Spanish.

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How To Write a Formal Letter in Spanish

Learning how to write a formal letter in Spanish is one of the most useful skills you can add to your professional toolbox. 

“Wait, are you saying that people still write letters?”

Yes, and their importance is still as paramount now as ever before. 

For that reason, today I will review what a formal letter is, the differences between formal and informal letters, and the situations when you may need to write one. At the end of the post, I will guide you through the process of writing a formal letter in Spanish step by step, and provide you with a few examples. 

What Is a Formal Letter in Spanish?

A formal letter is a written document that refers to an institutional, financial, academic, or business topic, using formal, professional language. 

Formal letters are usually reserved for situations where you want to formally ask for something, recommend someone, introduce a person, product, or service, make a claim, or officially provide and communicate important information.

Many times, formal letters occur between people who don’t know each other, hence the need of using clear and respectful language. 

Formal Letter vs Informal Letter

Formal and informal letters have many differences between them. They differ in their objective, format, the situations we approach through them, the length of the sentences we include in the letter, and also in what type of voice we use.

The objective of formal letters is a professional communication and it uses a prescribed format. You write a formal letter to businesses, institutions, universities, organizations, and any other formal addressee. You can use the passive voice and long and complex sentences are accepted too. 

On the other hand, informal letters have personal communication as their objective, so they don’t follow a prescribed format. You write them to friends and family members using an active voice and short, simple, and direct sentences. 

When Might You Need to Write a Formal Letter?

Besides the aforementioned situations for formal letters, you may also need to write this type of document to: 

Now that you know what a formal letter is and its differences from an informal one, let’s find out how to write a formal letter in Spanish. 

Begin a Letter in Spanish

In formal letters, it’s important to use formal greetings and introduce yourself in a brief but clear way. 

This list includes Spanish greetings used in formal letters and their respective translation. 

For an exhaustive list of greetings in Spanish, read The Ultimate List of Spanish Greetings and Farewells . 

Greetings in Spanish

How to introduce yourself.

A formal letter in Spanish requires that you introduce yourself in a direct way, using your full name, title, and position if it’s a business letter. 

For example: 

Mi nombre es Luis Fernando Domínguez Mora; soy Licenciado en Ciencias de la Comunicación y escritor freelance. 

My name is Luis Fernando Domínguez Mora, I have a Bachelor’s Degree in Communication Sciences and I’m a freelance writer. 

In a brief sentence, I communicated everything the person who will receive my letter needs to know about me professionally.

What To Include in the Body of the Letter

Usually, when writing a formal letter in Spanish (or any other language for that matter) it’s because you need to deal with a specific issue. There’s a reason you’re writing this letter to that organization, employer, or business person, so the best piece of advice I can give you is to go straight to the point. 

Identify the reason for your letter and, once you have introduced yourself, express it as directly and clearly as you can. You can start using one of the following phrases: 

For example, if you’re applying for a job say exactly that: 

Estoy interesado en la vacante de diseñador publicada en su sitio web.  I’m interested in the designer position published on your website. 

If you want to file a complaint: 

Quiero presentar una queja por el trato recibido el día… I want to file a complaint about the services provided on [date]…

Then, proceed to explain your arguments to sustain your application, complaint, or petition in the best possible way. 

How to Close a Letter in Spanish

Once you have communicated the reason for your letter and explained your arguments about it, there’s no point in extending the letter any longer. Close your letter out and say goodbye using a formal Spanish farewell. 

Letter Closings in Spanish

Once you have finished explaining the reason for the letter and your arguments, you can’t simply say goodbye. First, you need to add a closing to your letter. This is where you write how thankful you’re, how you’ll be waiting for an answer, and your expectations for what should follow next. 

You can use one of the following closing lines: 

Farewells in Spanish

Finally, it’s time to say goodbye but in a formal fashion. 

The following are widely used in formal letters in Spanish.

Farewell Expressions

Letter samples in spanish.

Writing letters in Spanish is accessible enough, but it’s always easier when you get to see an actual example of formal letters in Spanish. This is why I’m adding two different formal letters in Spanish here—including their English translation. 

Formal Letter 1

Ciudad de México, 24 de septiembre de 2021

Estimado José R. Fernández: Director de Noticias Periódico Récord 

Mi nombre es Luis Fernando Domínguez Mora; soy Licenciado en Ciencias de la Comunicación y escritor autónomo. El motivo de esta carta es informarle que estoy interesado en la vacante de periodista deportivo publicada en su periódico el día 22 de septiembre. 

Tengo amplia experiencia en el medio deportivo, he trabajado en medios deportivos nacionales y soy un apasionado de los deportes en general. 

Envío mi currículum vitae adjunto a esta carta. Le solicito atentamente que lo revise y, si lo considera oportuno, me conceda una entrevista de trabajo. 

Sin más por el momento quedo a la espera de su respuesta. 

Atentamente Luis Domínguez Periodista Deportivo

Mexico City, September 22, 2021

Dear José R. Fernández News Director Récord Newspaper

My name is Luis Fernando Domínguez Mora; I have a Bachelor Degree in Communication Sciences, and I’m a freelance writer. The purpose of this letter is to inform you that I’m interested in the sports journalist position published in your newspaper on September 22nd.

I have a long experience in the sports world, I’ve previously worked on national sports media, and I’m passionate about sports in general. 

Please find my resumé attached to this letter. I kindly ask you to take a look at it and, if you consider it plausible, give me the opportunity to interview for the job.

Without any further ado, I await your answer. 

Sincerely, Luis Domínguez Sports Journalist

Formal Letter 2

Buenos Aires, 12 de agosto de 2021

A quien corresponda:

Mi nombre es María González; soy estudiante de bachillerato en el Colegio Cervantes de Buenos Aires. 

Le escribo para consultarle acerca de la posibilidad de obtener una beca para ingresar a su universidad. Mi sueño es estudiar Biología Marina en la Universidad de Buenos Aires y me he preparado arduamente para conseguirlo. 

Actualmente cuento con un promedio de 9.5 en todo mi bachillerato, soy la capitana del equipo de básquetbol del colegio y soy miembro activa del club de debate. 

La situación económica de mi familia no nos permite pagar el costo completo de la colegiatura en su universidad, razón por la cual estoy solicitando una beca. 

Le agradezco de antemano sus atenciones y quedo a la espera de su respuesta. 

Cordialmente ,

María González Estudiante de Bachillerato Colegio Cervantes

Buenos Aires, August 12, 2021

To whom it may concern: 

My name is María González; I am a high school student at Colegio Cervantes de Buenos Aires.

I’m writing to inquire about the possibility of receiving a scholarship to study in your university. My dream is to major in Marine Biology at Buenos Aires University, and I have worked extremely hard to achieve it. 

Currently, I have a 9.5 high school average, I’m the captain of the basketball team, and I’m an active member of the debate club. 

My family’s economic situation doesn’t allow for us to pay the full tuition fees at your university, which is why I’m asking for a scholarship. 

I thank you in advance and look forward to hearing from you. 

Cordially, 

María González High school student Colegio Cervantes

Write Your Next Formal Letter in Spanish!

Now that you have learned the details and intricacies of a formal letter in Spanish, you can write one to apply for a job in a Spanish-speaking country or to show your interest in studying at a Latin American university. 

According to The Economist , just knowing a foreign language alone can make you earn up to $125,000 more. Also, the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that interpreters and translators are among the fastest-growing occupations. 

Sign up for a free class and practice your writing skills. HSA has been providing reliable services for Spanish learners for more than 10 years. We offer flexible scheduling and tailored Spanish packages. 

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How to Write a Letter in Spanish

How to Write a Letter in Spanish

Updated November 4, 2022

Modern correspondence is quite casual, but when you compose a letter in Spanish, your tone and phrasing should match the recipient and occasion. This applies to formal and informal communication in the form of a letter ( carta ) as well as an email ( correo electronico ). In the following, we’ll show you how to write a letter in Spanish both formally and informally and introduce you to useful phrases for written communication.

How to address and format a letter in Spanish

Begin your letter with a proper header and place your own address at the top, either in a single line or as a block in the top left corner. Follow with the recipient’s address. Don’t forget to include a person’s title, degree, or position before their name:

Next is the date, which is a single line aligned to the right:

Take note of the European date format where the day precedes the month. The first letter of the day is capitalized because it’s the beginning of the line, but the month is written in all lower case. You can follow the date with a subject line, or you can summarise your business in the opening of your letter after the greetings.

How to write a formal letter in Spanish

There are a couple of ways in which you can open a letter in Spanish with a formal greeting:

Take note to use the personal pronouns usted / ustedes , the formal version of you, to show your respect. Formal Spanish communication can sound over the top or “flowery” to the ears of an English speaker, but it’s normal for natives. When in doubt how to address a lady, use Señora over Señorita to not be disrespectful. The formal greeting is followed by a colon, not a comma as is common in English. 

An official closing to a letter in Spanish is equally formal:

How to write an informal letter in Spanish

You can take more liberties when opening a Spanish letter with an informal greeting and express the various degrees of how close you are to the recipient:

Likewise, there are many different ways to say goodbye and include the best wishes for the recipient:

Useful phrases for writing a letter in Spanish

For the content of your letter, these are words and phrases you can use to state your business in a formal context or address issues in informal context when writing a letter in Spanish:

If you want to include anything after you’ve already said your goodbyes, a postscript (PS) in Spanish is postdata (PD).

How to post a letter in Spain

Other useful vocabulary for posting a letter in Spain:

In Spain, the tobacconists ( tabaqueriás ) usually sell stamps as well and you can even ask them for the correct postage for a national or international destination. You can post your stamped and addressed letter in one of the official mailboxes or go to a post office, oficina postal or oficina de correos – private postal companies exist, but in many parts of the county, the royal mail will be what’s available.

If you’d like to improve your Spanish writing skills then look no further than Lingoda! Visit our website and sign up for your free 7-day trial with our native speaking teachers today! 

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How to Write a Spanish Letter

Last Updated: January 31, 2023

This article was co-authored by Diana Con Webber and by wikiHow staff writer, Jennifer Mueller, JD . Diana Con Webber is a Teacher in Arizona. She received her Standard Elementary Education, K-8 Certificate in 2017. This article has been viewed 276,742 times.

If you're writing to someone you don't know personally, formal language is important in Spanish correspondence. Even if you can speak, listen, and read Spanish, you may not have learned formal writing. While most of the basic letter-writing conventions are the same regardless of the language in which the letter is written, you must follow specific cultural formalities when you write a Spanish letter. These formalities will vary depending on the person to whom you're writing and why you're writing your letter. [1] X Research source

Opening Your Letter

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Crafting the Body of Your Letter

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Closing Your Letter

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Diana Con Webber

To write a Spanish letter, start by putting your name and address in the top right corner and the address of the person you're sending it to on the left-hand side of the page. Next, add the date at the top of the page starting with the day, then the month, and finally the year. Choose the appropriate opening greeting, such as "Querida" followed by the person's name if you have a close relationship with them. For your closing greeting, include "Besos" if you're writing to a family member or close friend. To learn what language to use in your letter, including how to write a final sentence, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No

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Writing Business and Personal Letters in Spanish

'Querido' and 'Estimado' Are Common Greetings

Whether you're writing a letter to a Spanish-speaking friend or preparing a formal business letter, the greetings and salutations in this lesson can help give your letters credibility.

Greetings to Use in Writing a Letter

In English, it is common to begin both personal letters and business correspondence with "Dear ___." In Spanish, however, there is more variation depending on how formal you want to be.

In personal correspondence, the equivalent of "dear" is querido or querida (the past participle of querer ), depending on the sex of the person. Querido is used for a male recipient, querida for a female; plural forms queridos and queridas can also be used. In Spanish, it is the rule to follow the greeting with a colon rather than the comma used in English. Use of a comma is seen as an Anglicism.

However, querido is too casual for business correspondence, especially when you aren't a friend of the recipient. Use estimado or estimada instead. The word literally means "esteemed," but it is understood the same way as "dear" would be in English:

Spanish doesn't have a true equivalent of the English courtesy title Ms. (and in Spanish, the distinction between señora and señorita , traditionally translated as "Mrs." and "Miss," respectively, can be one of age rather than marital status). It normally is fine to use the courtesy title of Sra. (the abbreviation for señora ) if you don't know whether a female recipient of the letter is married. Good advice is to use Sra. unless you know the woman prefers Srta.

If you don't know the name of the person you're writing to, you can use the following formats:

The Spanish equivalent of "to whom it may concern" is a quien corresponda (literally, to the one responsible).

Closings to Use in Writing a Letter

In English, it is common to end a letter with "Sincerely." Again, Spanish offers a greater variety.

Although the following closings for personal letters may sound overly affectionate to English speakers, they are quite commonly used:

The following are common with close friends or family members, although there are many others that can be used:

In business correspondence, the most common ending, used in much the same way as "sincerely" in English, is atentamente . That can also be expanded to le saluda atentamente or les saluda atentamente , depending on whether you're writing to one or more persons, respectively. A more casual ending that can be used in business letters is Cordialmente . Longer salutations include saludos cordiales and se despide cordialmente . Although this language may sound flowery to English speakers, it is not unusual in Spanish.

If you are expecting a response from a business correspondent, you can close with esperando su respuesta .

As is common in English, the salutation is typically followed by a comma.

If you're adding a postscript ( posdata in Spanish), you can use P.D. as the equivalent of "P.S."

Sample Personal Letter

Querida Angelina: ¡Mil gracias por el regalo! Es totalmente perfecto. ¡Fue una gran sorpresa! Eres una buena amiga. Espero que nos veamos pronto. Muchos abrazos, Julia

Translation:

Dear Angelina, Thanks a lot for the gift! It's totally perfect. It was quite a surprise! You're a great friend. I hope we see each other soon. Lots of hugs, Julia

Sample Business Letter

Estimado Sr. Fernández: Gracias por la propuesta que usted y sus colegas me presentaron. Creo que es posible que los productos de su compañía sean útiles para minimizar nuestros costos de producción. Vamos a estudiar la propuesta meticulosamente. Espero poder darle una respuesta en un plazo de dos semanas. Atentamente, Catarina López

Translation

Dear Mr. Fernández, Thank you for the proposal that you and your colleagues presented to me. I believe it is possible that your company's products could be useful for reducing our production costs. We are going to study the proposal thoroughly. I hope I can give you a response within two weeks. Sincerely, Catarina López

start a letter in spanish

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How to Write a Letter in Spanish: Date, Greetings & More

start a letter in spanish

The goal of most Spanish learners is to be able to communicate in the language. But, as you know, communication is not limited to verbal conversations. It also includes writing. For that reason, many students are curious about how to write a letter in Spanish. 

Whether you need to write a formal or informal letter, there are certain elements and structures you must use when writing letters in Spanish. In this article, you’ll learn all the key information you need to do this successfully. The topics we’ll cover include:

Bonus: Extra Vocabulary for Formal & Informal Letters

Note : This information will also be useful if you need to write an email in Spanish. 

graphic showing the parts of a letter in spanish

How to Write the Date on a Letter in Spanish

As shown in the graphic above, the first element of a letter in Spanish is the date. This element is both applied in informal and formal letters, and you should place it at the right top corner of your card or page. 

This is the formula you must follow when writing a date on a letter: 

[Day of the week] + [day’s number] + de + [month] + de + [year]

Lunes 25 de septiembre de 2021

Viernes 8 de julio de 2022

Jueves 30 de marzo de 2018

Take Note: This formula is only used to add the date when you wrote the letter. If within the body of the letter you must mention a separate date, you’ll follow one of the formulas for writing and saying dates in Spanish . 

In formal letters , the date must be preceded by the place where you wrote the letter. This information is optional in informal letters – you may add it if it’s relevant information, such as when sending a postcard from a place you’re visiting. 

Here is how you do it:

[Place] + [date]

Guadalajara, Lunes 20 de agosto de 2002

Madrid, Jueves 15 de febrero de 2019

Tip: Since emails automatically include the date, you don’t need to add this element in the body of your email. 

Greetings for a Letter in Spanish

A greeting is a fundamental part of any letter in Spanish. As you can imagine, the formality of this section depends on how formal you need to be. These are some common Spanish greetings that you can use in your letters: 

Greetings for formal and business letters in Spanish

When writing a business letter in Spanish, if you know this information, your greeting must include the job title of the person you’re writing to. You can also use the abbreviations Sr. and Sra. (Mr. and Mrs.) to formally address people. 

For example:

Estimado Sr. Díaz Appreciated Mr. Díaz

Apreciable Sra. Pérez Dear Mrs. Pérez

Including Professional Titles in your Greetings

When it comes to business letters in Spanish, it’s common to use the word Ingeniero or its abbreviation Ing. as a job title when writing to engineers. Doctor or Dr. when addressing physicians. And finally, Licenciado or Lic. to address people with other undergraduate degrees. 

If you know it, you can also include the specific job title of the recipient:

Estimado Sr. Rector Appreciated Dean

Honorable Sr. Juez. Honorable Judge

Spanish greetings for informal letters

With informal letters, the greeting is followed by the recipient’s name or a word that describes the relationship you two have. 

[Greeting] + [noun/name]

Hola, Karla… Hi Karla…

Querido papá… Dear dad…

¡Qué onda, prima! What’s up, cuz!

Take Note: Querido is an adjective that we use to greet people in letters or emails, but, as any other adjective, it needs to mark the gender of the person you’re referring to. Notice that the other greetings must be followed by a comma.

How to Close a Letter in Spanish

Like your greeting, the closing phrase you use for your letter depends on how formal you need to make your letter. Also, formal and business letters usually include your signature. Here are some formal phrases you can use to close a letter in Spanish:

On the other hand, examples of informal closings include:

So far you’ve learned how to write the date as well as the many greetings and farewells you can use for formal and informal letters in Spanish. But you still have to work on the body of your letter. Bad news… I’m not able to write this for you! 

What I can do, though, is give you some standard phrases you may be able to insert here and there. Since formal writing is more challenging, I’ll focus on this type of language. Also, be mindful that writing a formal or informal letter means that you’ll have to use the formal or informal way to say ‘you’ in Spanish. 

To improve the readability of your letter, make sure to learn some transitional words in Spanish.

Tip: Most people that want to write an informal letter in Spanish are trying to do it to wish their best on a holiday (such as Christmas or father’s day)  or a celebratory day such as a person’s birthday. If this is your case, you should check my article on ‘ How to Say Congratulations in Spanish ’ so you can find useful phrases to convey your message.

Daniela Sanchez

¡Hola! Soy Daniela Sanchez, I’ve taught Spanish in Mexico to a wide array of foreigners. From students and tourists to doctors and soldiers who’ve moved and visited here over the years. During the day I’m a freelancer and marketer, while at night I’m here writing for students of the world wide web looking to learn Spanish. I hope you find what you’re looking here during your journey into Español 🙂 Read More About Me

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Equivalent of "To whom it may concern:"

When writing formal letters in English where there is no named recipient (for example, a job application sent to a Human Resources department, or a letter sent to an organization in general as opposed to an individual), the letter often starts:

To whom it may concern:

When composing formal letters or emails in Spanish, what is the equivalent phrase used when the particular individual who will be receiving the letter is unknown?

jrdioko's user avatar

3 Answers 3

The literal translation is:

A quien corresponda

But it's more used in open letters (to journals for example). There are other formulas, for example:

In a job application:

Al jefe/a (encargado/a) del departamento de Recursos Humanos
A la atención del departamento de Recursos Humanos

In a letter to wholesalers/ stores/... :

A la atención del departamento comercial.

More general:

Apreciado/a Señor/a (lit. Dear Sir or Madam)

César's user avatar

One more acceptable form is:

A quien pueda interesar

I've seen this form used on documents issued by government agencies (ie. certificates of some kind)

BTW, Google translates it as A quien pueda interesar

Icarus's user avatar

I am not a native speaker, but the phrase I was taught to use in "to whom it may concern" situations was:

Estimados señores .

fedorqui's user avatar

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How To Start A Letter In Spanish In 2022 | Sample

September 29, 2022 by Chukwudumebi Amadi Leave a Comment

how-to-start-a-letter-in-spanish

Once you have communicated the central message of your letter with your points well explained, the right thing to do is to end your letter. To add finesse to your letter, you can choose to start your letter in Spanish.

In this article, we’ll show you how to start a formal and informal letter in Spanish. Carefully read through.

Table of contents

How to start a letter in spanish, how to start a letter in spanish: essential vocabulary to use, how to end a formal letter with spanish, farewell expressions, english translation.

It is normal in English to start formal and informal letters with “Dear.” In Spanish, you can use a number of introductions depending on how formal you want to be.

In an informal letter, the equivalent of “dear” is querido or querida (the past participle of querer), which is usually based on the gender of the person you are writing to. Querido is used for a male receivers while Querida is for females.

It is customary in Spanish to follow the greeting with a colon rather than the comma used in English. The use of a comma is considered Anglicism.

READ ALSO: How to End a Letter in Spanish in 2023 | Sample

How To Start A Formal Letter In Spanish

If you want to start a business correspondence letter in Spanish, otherwise known as a formal letter, it is preferred to use  estimado  or  estimada  instead. The word technically means “esteemed,” but it is understood in the same way that the English word “dear” is.:

The English courtesy term Ms. has no true equivalent in Spanish (although in Spanish, the distinction between seora and seorita, conventionally rendered as “Mrs.” and “Miss,” respectively, can be one of age rather than marital status).

If you are unsure whether the female recipient of the letter is married, you are permitted to use the courtesy title of Sra. (the abbreviation for seora). Unless you know the woman favors Srta, it is best to use Sra.

In a case here you don’t know the person you are writing to, you can use any of the words in Spanish:

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How To Start An Informal Letter In Spanish

If you want to start an informal letter in Spanish, you need to use the word Querido (dear) to create. For example:

If the letter is meant for a group of persons or friends, you can use the word mis queridos amigos   (my dear friends). For very close friends, you can use  queridísimo/a  (My very dear)!

Did you notice anything else fascinating in the examples? A colon, not a comma separated them. In Spanish, this is the norm. Use a comma as you would in English, as it appears Anglicized. And we intend to write in the style of native Spanish speakers!

SEE ALSO: How To Put An Accent Over A Letter | Full & Easy Guide

Here’s a list of English words and their Spanish translation related to letters you may like to employ in your letter writing.

How To Close A Formal Letter in Spanish?

Writing a close for a formal or informal letter can be difficult, especially for someone who doesn’t speak Spanish.

Here’s a list of how to close a letter in Spanish for formal and informal correspondence.

1. Quedo a la espera de su respuesta

If you want to let the receiver know you are expecting feedback from them, you can use this closing sentence. You can also opt for the closing sentence Espero su respuesta, which means “I await your reply.”

RECOMMENDED: How to Send a Letter Internationally| Simple Step-by-Step Guide

2. Por favor no dude en contactarme si necesita más información

Por favor no dude en contactarme si necesita más información when translated to English means “please do not hesitate to contact me if you require any further information in English”.

If you are applying for a position that needs further verification, this sentence shos you are open to answering questions.

Alternatively, you can use the similar sentence  Cualquier cosa estoy a su disposición , which translates as “I am available should you have any questions.”

YOU MAY WANT TO SEE: How to Accept a Job Offer: Best Tips and Sample Letters

3. Gracias por su asistencia con este asunto

At the end of the letter, you can also thank the recipient. Using the phrase Gracias por su asistencia con este asunto is a show of appreciation to the receiver. In English, the Spanish sentence translates to “thank you for your assistance in this matter.”

Additionally, you can also use muchas gracias por su ayuda  (“thank you for your help”) or  muchas gracias por su tiempo  (“thank you for your time”) for a more direct expression of gratitude.

How To Close An Informal Letter In Spanish

If you have been looking for how to close that interesting informal letter in Spanish and sign out with swag, here’s a way to go.

1. Espero saber de ti pronto

If you want the person that receives the letter to respond to your mail, you can end the letter with the sentence,  Espero saber de ti pronto , which translates to”I look forward to hearing from you soon” in English.

In place of the former Spanish sentence, you can also use the Spanish phrase Escribeme Prontoo, which means “write back soon.”

If you only want to hear from someone when they have more information or news about something, you can write Escrbeme cuando tengas más información , which translates as “ Send me news, when you know anything more .”

RECOMMENDED: How To Write A Cover Letter For Internship

2. Saluda a Maria de mi parte

If you want to acknowledge someone else close to the letter’s recipient, such as a partner, spouse, or close friend, you can close the letter with the Spanish sentence, Saluda a Maria de mi parte, which means “Hello to Maria for me.” Replace the name “Maria” with the name of a friend or loved one.

If the letter is for a close pal of family member, you can use the Spanish sentence, Envía cariños a Josep y diles cuánto los extraño , which translates to “Give my love to Joseph and tell them how much I miss them.”

If your dad or friend wants to extend a warm greeting to the recipient, you can use the sentence Diego te envía muchos cariños,  which means “Diego sends her love.”

Cariños  means “best wishes” in English. This informal way expresses love and care for friends, family, partners, and colleagues. You can also use Mis mejores deseos , which means “all the best.”

4. Besos y abrazos

If you feel best wishes might not translate as much affection as you would love to, you can use the Spanish phrase besos y abrazos, which translates to “hugs and kisses” in English.

Con amor is the phrase to use if you want to communicate “with affection.” Con cario, which means “with tenderness,” is another option.

Formal letters are those that are written in a professional setting or capacity. You could be writing to a coworker, asking for a job, or sending an email to a business client. Whatever the cause, you want to show the utmost respect and use the proper forms of speech. The following are some famous formal letter endings in Spanish:

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How To End An Informal Letter With Spanish

Informal letters are sent to somebody you know well, such as a friend or family member. In Spanish, informal letter endings are typically words and phrases that convey affection and a general sense of warmth and friendliness.

Here are a few words you can use to end your letter in Spanish:

How To Say Goodbye In Spanish In A Formal Letter

Here are a few stylish ways you can say goodbye in Spanish in a formal letter:

Sample Formal Letter In Spanish

Estimada Sra. López,

Por favor revise el adjunto para encontrar el contrato con mis recomendaciones. Disculpe la demora en devolvérselo.

Tan pronto como haya terminado el contrato, avíseme si hay algún otro cambio que hacer. No deje de ponerse en contacto conmigo si tiene alguna pregunta.

Atentamente,

Dear Ms. Lopez,

Kindly check the attached to find the contract with my recommendations. Please pardon the delay in sending it back to you.

As soon as you have gone through the contract, please let me know if there are any other changes to be made. Do not fail to contact me if you have any questions.

Sample Informal Letter In Spanish

Querido José,

¡Fue bueno verte en la celebración de Mariana! Hace tiempo que quería escribirte para saber cómo van tus prácticas en Madrid desde hace un tiempo. Estoy planeando un viaje a Barcelona a finales de mayo. ¿Te importaría venir a Barcelona entonces o estarás en Madrid durante ese tiempo? ¡Sería increíble vernos allí!

Un fuerte abrazo,

Ana Carolina

It was nice to see you at Mariana’s celebration! I’ve been meaning to write to you to know how your internship is going in Madrid for a while. I’m planning a trip to Barcelona at the end of May. Would you mind coming to Barcelona then, or will you be in Madrid during that time? It would be awesome to see each other there!

With the above tips on how to end a letter in Spanish, you are one step closer to communicating like a Spaniard.

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Write an email in Spanish like a Native

Write an email in Spanish like a Native

So you need to write a letter or email in Spanish? The good thing about letters and emails is you have time to think about what you are going to say.  The bad thing is sometimes the language is very particular.

If you think about letter and email correspondence in English you see vocab not used in everyday speech – words like sincerely , best wishes , or  to whom it may concern . Spanish has it’s own versions of these and other expressions used in written correspondence, some similar to English and some not. Find below the most common terminology used for letters and emails in Spanish, along with a final summary and example emails at the end.

Levels of Formality in Spanish

Keep in mind differing levels of formality , because it affects the appropriateness of which greetings and sign-offs to use — usually we don’t want to tell our boss ‘kisses’, or our significant other ‘best regards’. In addition, some of the phrases include possessive adjectives tu or su which translate to ‘your’ in English or the indirect objects te or le which mean ‘to you’. These are  interchangeable  depending on how you choose to address someone. When addressing someone  informally  ( tú ), use   tu and te .  When addressing someone  formally (usted) use the adjective su or le .

For subscribers review: Spanish possessive adjectives in course lesson 5 Spanish indirect object pronouns in course lesson 16 How to write an email in Spanish in course lesson 30

We’ve divided the email terminology into 3 levels of formality defined below:

Use formal terms when talking to your boss or future employer, business relations or people you haven’t met etc.

Use informal terms when talking to a colleague or acquaintance, peers etc.

Casual/Close

Only use these terms when talking to someone you know very well, as in significant others and close friends.

Email Greetings in Spanish

Starting an letter or email in Spanish means you need a greeting. Many Spanish greetings are similar to those in English, like ‘dear’ ( querido ) or ‘hello’ ( hola ) but several are less familiar to English speakers. Note the greetings below, designated by whether they are used in more formal or informal situations.

A quien corresponda = To whom it may concern

This is the standard non-specific introduction when you don’t know to whom you are writing.

Muy señor mío = Dear Sir

This introduction again does not use a specific name, but implies a distinct formal tone.

Estimado Señor (apellido) =  Dear Mr. (last name)

Using estimado (esteemed) may seem a bit grand for some English speakers, but isn’t as formal as it might feel in English.  It is much closer to saying ‘dear’ in English rather than esteemed, but should be reserved for more formal correspondence and also with someone whose name is known. It can also be used with señora, or you can substitute in a first name for a last name to make it less formal.

Don (nombre) = Dear (first name)

While Don has traditionally been more of an honorific title, it is now often used as a standard formal ways of addressing someone in Spanish.

Querido (nombre) = Dear (name)

This is the closest to the direct translation of ‘dear’ in English. In Spanish, like English, it is followed by a first name or sometimes señor/señora + a last name.

Buenos (dias / tardes) = Good (morning / afternoon)

These are pretty standard greetings.  One thing to remember is that in Spain  tardes  is not strictly for around lunchtime. As a general reference, use dias until around 2pm, then tardes from about 2-8 p.m.  Also, a literal ‘good morning’ ( buenas mañanas ) is not as often used, even if it is morning.

Casual / Close

Hola = hello.

Standard. No specifics needed here.

Buenas =  Hey there

Buenas seems to have been shortened from the slightly more formal buenas tardes.  Since it’s been shortened it’s more slang/casual.

Remember in Spanish there is no ‘h’ sound like we have in English, though they use something very similar to the English ‘hey’ that being ‘ey’.

Cariño =  Darling / Sweety

You can use cariño with people other than your ‘sweetheart’, but it is more common in romantic relationships

Guapo = Handsome/beautiful

You can use this when you want to compliment or flirt with someone, but you can also use it as a term of endearment between friends and loved ones.  It doesn’t necessarily have to be true either ;).

Get Your Cheat Sheet Summary of How to Write an Email in Spanish Like a Native

How to Write an Email in Spanish

Email Sign-Offs in Spanish

To end a letter in Spanish, there are several different sign-off options. Some are used only to significant others, so be sure to take note.

Saludos cordiales =  Best regards

Saludos cordiales literally means cordial greetings, but probably more akin to the English version of ‘best regards’ or ‘warm regards’.

Atentamente =  Sincerely

Atentamente could mean ‘attentively’ in English, which exists, though is less common.  Since  atentamente is quite commonly used in Spanish, we’d say it’s more comparable to ‘sincerely’.

Cordialmente =  Cordially

The same as in English

Sinceramente =  Sincerely

Para cualquier cosa estoy a su disposición =  i am at your disposal for anything you need.

A common formal sign-off which can be in the tú form, but for formal cases use the Usted form ( su ).

Agradeciéndole de antemano su cooperación = Thank you in advance for your cooperation

This is a very formal way to say thank you ( agradeciéndole ).  The formal ‘ le ‘ is the indirect pronoun for usted .  And antemano literally means ‘before-hand’.

Gracias =  Thanks

This is a standard way to end a letter or email.  But you can always add more, like gracias for tu/su tiempo (thanks for your time) or gracias for tu/su ayuda (thanks for your help)

Muchas Gracias =  Many thanks

Extra gracias 😉

Un saludo =  Cheers

Very commonly used since it’s a nice mix between being not too formal and not too casual.

Espero tus noticias =  Looking forward to hear from you

Even though this literally means ‘I am waiting for your news’, it’s not necessarily  that you expect a response.

Espero tu respuesta pronto =  Hope to hear from you soon

Again this may feel a little demanding when you read literally – ‘I am waiting/hoping for your quick response’ – but again it’s a more causal way of saying that you hope to hear from someone soon.

Avísame =  Let me know

This one is very common and useful.  Don’t try to literally translate ‘let me know’ into something like ‘dejame saber’, since that doesn’t work.  You could say something like ‘ hazmelo saber ‘ (which we address later) but avísame is easier and more common.   Avisar can mean to warn or to notify on it’s own.

Nos vemos pronto =  See you soon

Very commonly used in both letters and speaking.  This is one of those cases where a direct translation can be confusing, like ‘we see us soon’, which is strange. In Spanish this is a specific construct using reciprocal or reflexive forms to signify ‘each other’, which we don’t use the same way in English for this expression.

¡Ya hablaremos! = Talk soon!

This is another one with a very simple meaning but an awkward literal translation.  We’ve seen before that the word ya can take on many different meanings .  Here we are using it to indicate something that is going to happen soon. Yo can also say hablamos pronto , but ya hablaremos  gives you a chance to show off your Spanish skills 😉

Mantenme informado =  Keep me posted

The Spanish don’t use this one as much as we might use it in English, but it’s useful. Manter is reflexive and means ‘to keep’ or ‘to support’.

Que tengas un buen día/finde/ una buena noche =  Have a good day / weekend / night

This common English expression is more and more common in Spain, but make sure to use the subjunctive ( tengas ) so you sound more natural.

Pásalo bien =  / Have fun 

You cannot directly translate ‘have fun’ in Spanish as tener divertido . This is a very common mistake made by English speakers . Instead use pásalo bien , which means ‘to pass it well’.

Cuidate =  Take care of yourself

Cuidate means take care of yourself, using a combination of the verb  cuidar (to look after or care) and the direct object te (you).  But don’t mistake this for cuidado , another common Spanish phrase from the verb cuidar. Cuidado means ‘watch out’ or ‘be careful’.

Un beso =  xoxo

In Spanish they talk about besos, or kisses, a lot, but it’s translated more as ‘xoxo’ in English.  It’s more common to talk about platonic kisses in Spanish, though only use it for people you are close with.

Un abrazo (fuerte) =  hug (big)

Funny enough this is a very common expression even though the Spanish don’t actually do a lot of hugging – mainly because they typically do the 2 kisses when they see each other. But they definitely use it in their sign-offs. This you can use with people you are close with. Include the fuerte for an extra big hug 😉

Con cariño =  With love

Con cariño means ‘with caring’ in Spanish, and most closely translated to the common English refrain ‘with love’.  Like in English, the Spanish version doesn’t necessarily mean its for someone for whom you have romantic feelings.

Te quiero / te amo =  I love you

Te quiero means literally ‘I want you’  while te amo means ‘I love you’.  But they would both translate to ‘I love you’ in English, so don’t use it unless you mean it.

Other Useful Phrases

Now that you have your greeting and sign-off picked out, there are probably some phrases that you need for the content of your Spanish email.  Things like, ‘keep me posted’, or ‘please find attached’ which are standard email lingo in English. Check out the most common phrases we’ve included here.  And if you need something else, ask us in the comments!

adjunto =  Please find attached

If you’re going to attach something to your email, use adjunto , but pay attention to the prepositions here.  There are a few options.  You can say: le/te adjunto … (I attached for you (formal/informal) en adjunto … (as an attachment … pongo en adjunto )

Hazme saber si tienes alguna pregunta =  Let me know if you have any questions

Again, don’t be tempted to use dejar for ‘let me know’.  In Spanish we use  hacer,  and in this case in the imperative.  For formal context use  hágame  + tiene .

Quedo a su disposición para cualquier aclaración =  I remain at your disposal for any clarification

You can use this in more formal situations to say you’re available for any questions.

Espero que todo vaya bien =  Hope you are well

This means in Spanish, ‘I hope everything goes/is going well’, using the vaya – the subjunctive form of ir.

Puedes contactarme en el (numero) =  I can be reached at (phone number)

You may want to leave your number, just take note of the prepositions.  To contact someone at … you use en el + the number . You can can also leave mi número de contacto …,  just don’t forget the de .

Fue un placer conocerte =  It was a pleasure meeting you

You can use the indirect object  te  following conocer for less formal letters, or le  when speaking more formally in usted .

Según nuestra conversación =  As per our conversation

Según is typically translated to mean ‘according to’, so the expression in Spanish is ‘according to our conversation’.

Me haré cargo de ello =  I’ll take care of it

Cargar in Spanish means to load or carry, and estar a cargar is to be in charge.  So we use this verb when we speak of taking care of or being in charge of something.  In addition  ello or ella  is a common way to reference ‘it’.

Le agradezco por dedicar su tiempo =  Thank you for taking the time

Here again we use agradezco with the direct object le . To be less formal use te, and tu  instead of su . In addition, don’t use the Spanish verb for take ( tomar ) as it’s more appropriate to talk about the time they’ve dedicated ( dedicar )

Summary of How to Write an Email in Spanish

Formal A quien corresponda Muy señor mío Estimado señor (apellido) Don (nombre)

Informal Querido (nombre) Buenos (dias / tardes)

Casual / Close Hola Buenas Ey Cariño Guapo

Formal Saludos cordiales Atentamente Cordialmente Sinceramente Para cualquier cosa estoy a su disposición Agradeciéndole de antemano su cooperación Informal Gracias Muchas gracias Un saludo Espero tus noticias Espero tu respuesta pronto Avísame Nos vemos pronto ¡Ya hablaremos! Mantenme informado Casual / Close Que tengas un buen … Pásalo bien Cuidate Un beso Un abrazo (fuerte) Con cariño Te quiero / Te amo

Useful Phrases

Adjunto Hazme saber si tienes alguna pregunta Quedo a su disposición para cualquier aclaración Espero que todo vaya bien Puedes contactarme en el (numero) Fue un placer conocerte Según nuestra conversación Me haré cargo de ello Le agradezco por dedicar su tiempo

Download a PDF Summary of How to Write an Email in Spanish Like a Native

Example emails in spanish.

Now it’s time to see it all in action.  Spend some time with the example emails in Spanish below – one formal, one informal.  The terms you’ve seen here are shown in bold.

Formal Email in Spanish – Example 1

letters email in spanish formal example

Informal Email in Spanish – Example 2

letter email in spanish informal example

Do you use other Spanish greetings or sign-offs in your emails?

Or do you have a question about how you should say something in your email in Spanish? Ask us in the comments!

¡Que tengas un buen dia!

Hayley y Maider

Happy Hour Spanish

Muchas gracias por la ayuda

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Muchissimas gracias, me han ayudado mucho ♥

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Seriously excellent information, even for a native (but raised elsewhere). Un saludo 😉

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¡Qué amable! Gracias Mari

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start a letter in spanish

How do you end a letter in Spanish?

Victoria

How to end letters in Spanish?

Hola, my Spanish lovers! Wanna know how do you end a letter in Spanish? In this piece, you’ll find the best tips to end letters like a champ! Come on, follow me!

End a letter in Spanish: the same as in English ?

Just a plain and cold: No. No, no, no, it’s not the same thing. You may wonder why, I could write a whole academic essay on this matter, but you have to remember first that sentences in Spanish differ a lot from English. Our structure is different, sometimes easier, sometimes not. That’s the way it is, fellas.

Secondly, just a refresh on letters in English. Why do we write a letter? Usually (and nowadays in the Internet era) we write e-mails, not so many letters. I wish I could travel back in time and write long and whiny letters for my distant friends… Now I can do that, but on my laptop! So whenever I want to say something longer than a text (or more important!), I write a letter / e-mail, addressed to my boss, a complaint about a bill, whatever. Letters are there for you, like the box of chocolates Forrest Gump had.

How do we begin a letter in English? Depending on our relationship to the receiver, we can write “Dear Sir / Madam” if we don’t know the subject and want to establish a respectful relationship. If we know the name, we address it fully and with its title: Professor? Doctor? Miss? You name it. In the content of this letter, we won’t be using nicknames or contractions, neither slang or cursing! These kind of letters are formal and we stick to that role, got it? To end a letter in English, we can put “Yours faithfully” or “Yours sincerely”. In my last formal e-mails, I always end with a “Kind regards” (or “Warm regards” if you have a close relationship) or just “Sincerely”. Isn’t that cute?

Letters in Spanish: a nightmare or a dream come true?

Now that you know all about letters in English, let’s start in Spanish. Ok, so basically the concept is the same. We write letters to state a certain situation, something that we don’t want to slip away. Or that’s the way I see it. Some people send annoying e-mails for everything. Please, seriously, stop that. An emoji can solve all your worries. Just kidding! (Or maybe not…)

It’s very important to keep the distance and always be gentle. People expecting a letter will see that as a good sign and will reply in that manner. In Spanish, when we don’t know the receiver of our letters, we can refer to them in plural (“Estimados” or “Estimadas”, or if they’re into neutral gender language, “Estimadxs” or “Estimades”), put a comma and then begin the letter. 

But how do you end a letter in Spanish? Ok, that’s easy and it depends, again, on your relationship. If the receiver is someone you don’t know, you can write “Saludos” or “Saludos cordiales” or “Cordialmente” or even an abbreviation of “Atentamente”: “Atte.,” and afterwards, your full name. I’m more into being friendly, so I end my letters with “Cariños” which could be the equivalent to “Love”. But maybe that’s too much… Just follow your gut, amigues.

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Alphabet and Syllables

Explanation.

Learning how to pronounce the Spanish alphabet, or abecedario , is easy! Most letters only have one sound, which makes pronouncing them pretty simple.

The table below shows the letters in the abecedario , along with their Spanish name(s), and some tips on pronouncing them alone and in combination with other letters.

Pronouncing the Spanish Alphabet

Want to learn more about Spanish pronunciation? Check out the following articles!

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How to start a letter in spanish.

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Letter writing in Spanish is both an art and a science. Like any type of writing, a certain level of creativity is required to express yourself, your thoughts, your needs and your desires in letter form. At the same time, letters commonly use a number of set formulas, like the equivalent English words “Hi” and “Dear,” according to such variables as the level of formality required and the circumstances to be written about. But the opening of a letter in Spanish, those words used to greet the person and start the letter, are easy to learn.

Determine who you are writing the letter to. Are you writing to a friend? A manager at a company?

Determine the purpose of your letter: Why you are writing the letter to them? Are you writing a nice long letter home to your family while you are away on business? Are you addressing a human resources manager at a company where you would like to be employed?

Determine the right level of formality to use in your letter. As a rule of thumb, formal letters are reserved for business correspondence and people whom you don’t know very well while informal letters are for reserved for close friends and family.

Write the address of the company addressed in the top right-hand corner and below it, the date you are writing the letter. This is for formal business correspondence only and is not necessary if you are writing an email or writing an informal letter.

Open a formal letter with a phrase like “Estimado Sr. Fulano” (Dear Mr. Fulano) or “Estimada Sra. Blanco” (Dear Ms. Blanco). Use “Distinguido Sr. Fulano” (Dear Mr. Fulano) and “Distinguida Sra. Blanco” (Dear Ms. Blanco) if you want to be especially respectful. Like the words “Miss” and “Mrs.” in the English language, “Señorita” is no longer used in a business context; “Señora” is used exclusively instead.

Open an informal letter with a phrase like “Querido Javi” (Dear Javi) and “Querida Ana” (Dear Ana). You can also just say, “Hola Javi” (Hi Javi) or “Hola Ana” (Hi Ana).

If you don’t know the person’s name and cannot find out, simply open the letter with “Señor” (Sir), “Señora” (Madam) or “Señores” (Sirs).

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Sarah Rogers has been a professional writer since 2007. Her writing has appeared on Nile Guide, Spain Expat and Matador, as well as in “InMadrid.” She is also the author of “Living in Sunny Spain Made Easy.” Rogers often writes about living abroad and immigration law. She holds a Bachelor of Arts in history and Spanish from San Francisco State University.

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Banking Turmoil: What We Know

Regulators trying to stem panic among customers shut down Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank within days.

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Customers outside the Silicon Valley Bank headquarters in Santa Clara, Calif., on Monday.

By Vivian Giang

On Friday, Silicon Valley Bank , a lender to some of the biggest names in the technology world, became the largest bank to fail since the 2008 financial crisis . By Sunday night, regulators had abruptly shut down Signature Bank to prevent a crisis in the broader banking system. The banks’ swift closures have sent shock waves through the tech industry, Washington and Wall Street.

Here’s what we know so far about this developing story.

Why did Silicon Valley Bank fail?

Silicon Valley Bank provided banking services to nearly half the country’s venture capital-backed technology and life-science companies, according to its website, and to more than 2,500 venture capital firms.

For decades, Silicon Valley Bank, flush with cash from high-flying start-ups, did what most of its rivals do: It kept a small chunk of its deposits in cash, and it used the rest to buy long-term debt like Treasury bonds. Those investments promised steady, modest returns when interest rates remained low. But they were, it turned out, shortsighted. The bank hadn’t considered what was happening in the broader economy, which was overheated after more than a year of pandemic stimulus.

This meant that Silicon Valley Bank was left in the lurch when the Federal Reserve, looking to combat rapid inflation, started raising interest rates. Those once-safe investments looked a lot less attractive as newer government bonds kicked off more interest.

But not all of Silicon Valley Bank’s problems are linked to rising interest rates. The bank was unique in ways that contributed to its rapid demise. Because the bank’s business was concentrated in the tech industry, Silicon Valley Bank started to see trouble when start-up funding began to dwindle, leading its clients — a mixture of technology start-ups and their executives — to tap their accounts more. The bank also had a significant number of big, uninsured depositors — the kind of investors who tend to withdraw their money during signs of turbulence. To fulfill its customers’ requests, the bank had to sell some of its investments at a steep discount.

Once Silicon Valley revealed its huge loss on Wednesday, the tech industry panicked, and start-ups rushed to pull out their money, resulting in a bank run.

By late last week, Silicon Valley Bank was in free fall. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation announced on Friday that it would take over the 40-year-old institution, after the bank and its financial advisers had tried — and failed — to find a buyer to step in. The takeover put about $175 billion in customer deposits under the control of the federal regulator.

The F.D.I.C., created by Congress in 1933 to provide consumer deposit insurance to banks, is responsible for maintaining “stability and public confidence in the nation’s financial system,” according to its website.

The failure of Silicon Valley Bank, based in Santa Clara, Calif., is the largest since the 2008 financial crisis. In the aftermath of that crisis, Congress passed the Dodd-Frank financial-regulatory package, intended to prevent such collapses.

In 2018, President Donald J. Trump signed a bill that reduced how often regional banks had to submit to stress tests by the Federal Reserve. Last week, as news of Silicon Valley Bank’s failure spread, some banking experts said the Dodd-Frank package might have forced the bank to better handle its interest rate risks had it not been rolled back.

Why did Signature Bank fail?

Two days after the F.D.I.C. took control of Silicon Valley Bank, New York regulators abruptly closed Signature Bank on Sunday to stymie risk in the broader financial system.

Signature Bank, which provided lending services for law firms and real estate companies, had deposits of less than $100 billion across 40 branches in the country. The bank’s clients included some people associated with the Trump Organization, Mr. Trump’s company. In 2018, the 24-year-old bank began taking deposits of crypto assets — a fateful decision after the industry’s bottom fell out after the collapse of the FTX cryptocurrency exchange.

Like Silicon Valley Bank’s clients, most of Signature bank’s customers had more than $250,000 in their accounts. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures deposits only up to $250,000, so anything more than that would not have the same government protection. Close to nine-tenths of Signature Bank’s roughly $88 billion in deposits were uninsured at the end of last year, according to regulatory filings. As Silicon Valley Bank’s troubles began to spread last week, many of Signature’s customers panicked and began calling the bank, worried that their own deposits could be at risk.

Signature saw a torrent of deposits leaving its coffers on Friday, according to a person with knowledge of the matter, and the bank’s stock, along with the stocks of some of its peers, also continued to tank.

What have regulators done so far?

Regulators have been rushing to contain the fallout , and the collapse of two banks in three days is prompting a swift re-evaluation of the Fed’s interest rate increases. Before the fallout from the banks’ collapse this weekend, the Fed had been expected to make a half-point increase at its next meeting, March 21-22.

In announcing the closing of Signature, regulators said on Sunday that depositors of the bank and Silicon Valley Bank would be made whole regardless of how much they held in their accounts and would have full access to their money by Monday.

On Monday morning, President Biden reassured Americans that the financial system was stable and that customers’ deposits would “be there when you need them.”

Treasury Secretary Janet L. Yellen said on Sunday that regulators had been working over the weekend to stabilize Silicon Valley Bank — and she tried to assure the public that the broader American banking system was “safe and well capitalized.”

At the same time, she acknowledged that many small businesses were counting on funds tied up at the bank.

Ms. Yellen suggested that a possible solution could be an acquisition of Silicon Valley Bank, emphasizing that regulators were trying to address the situation “in a timely way.” According to a person familiar with the matter, the F.D.I.C. on Saturday started an auction for Silicon Valley Bank that was set to wrap up Sunday afternoon.

On Sunday, the F.D.I.C. invoked a “systemic risk exception,” which allows the government to pay back uninsured depositors to prevent dire consequences for the economy or financial instability. Also on Sunday, the Fed announced that it would set up an emergency lending program, with approval from the Treasury, to provide additional funding to eligible banks and help ensure that they are able to “meet the needs of all their depositors.”

Are other banks at risk?

The demise of both Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank put a spotlight on the challenges surrounding small and midsize banks , which tend to focus on niche businesses and can be more vulnerable to bank runs than larger peers. The most immediate concern is that the failure of one would scare off customers of other banks. Both Silicon Valley Bank and Signature are small compared with the nation’s largest banks — Silicon Valley Bank’s $209 billion and Signature’s $110 billion in assets pale next to the more than $3 trillion at JPMorgan Chase. But bank runs can happen when customers or investors panic and start pulling their deposits.

On Monday, smaller banks rushed to reassure customers that they were on firmer financial footing.

Shares of U.S. regional banks plummeted on Monday, as investors tried to get a handle on the sudden collapse of Signature Bank and Silicon Valley Bank. First Republic Bank took the worst beating on the day, down 60 percent. Western Alliance in Arizona tumbled 45 percent, KeyCorp and Comerica both tumbled nearly 30 percent, and Zions Bancorp in Utah fell about 25 percent.

Shares of bigger banks were not affected as much: Citigroup and Wells Fargo each fell more than 7 percent, Bank of America fell more than 3 percent, and JPMorgan dipped around 1 percent. The KBW bank index, which tracks the performance of 24 major banks, fell 10 percent, adding to sharp losses last week that erased nearly $200 billion from the aggregate value of the banks in the index.

How is this different from the 2008 bailouts?

Over the past few days, as regulators took control of two banks and guaranteed deposit protections at the institutions, some compared the moves to the 2008 bank bailouts.

On Monday, President Biden tried to distinguish these moves to prevent more bank runs and those taken during the 2008 financial crisis, when hundreds of billions of dollars were provided to rescue the bank industry. Taxpayers shouldered much of that rescue, while the costs to make depositors of Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank whole will be financed by fees paid by banks into the F.D.I.C.

“This is an important point: No losses will be borne by the taxpayers,” Mr. Biden said in his statement on Monday morning. “Let me repeat that: No losses will be borne by the taxpayers.”

But he said that “investors in the banks will not be protected.”

“They knowingly took a risk, and when the risk didn’t pay off, investors lose their money,” the president said. “That’s how capitalism works.”

Jessica Silver-Greenberg contributed reporting.

IMAGES

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  2. How To Write A Formal Letter In Spanish / Write An Email In Spanish Like A Native Essential

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  4. Letter Spanish ~ Teresitascullymts.org

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  5. The Spanish Alphabet

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  6. How To Start A Spanish Letter

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COMMENTS

  1. Writing a Letter in Spanish

    To begin a letter in Spanish, you need to address the recipient of your letter. Check out our list to see a couple of different options for greetings. Watch Out! Spanish speakers usually use a colon (:) to separate the greeting from the body of the letter, especially when writing formal letters, whereas English uses a comma (, ). Estimado: vs.

  2. How To Write A Letter In Spanish: A Simple Guide

    How To Write A Letter In Spanish: Formal Letters There are many reasons why you may need to send a formal letter at some point in the future. It could be for a job application, to ask for information, to send a complaint, a suggestion, a thank you, or even a formal invitation for an event.

  3. How to Write a Letter in Spanish: Formal and Informal Letters [With Key

    To start an informal letter, you'd normally use the form of address, Querido (dear). For example: Querido Juan: (Dear Juan) Querida Ana: (Dear Ana) The word querido/querida works like a normal Spanish adjective, so it has to agree with the gender of the person you are writing to. It also works in the plural: mis queridos amigos (my dear friends).

  4. How To Write a Formal Letter in Spanish

    A formal letter in Spanish requires that you introduce yourself in a direct way, using your full name, title, and position if it's a business letter. For example: Mi nombre es Luis Fernando Domínguez Mora; soy Licenciado en Ciencias de la Comunicación y escritor freelance.

  5. How to Write a Letter in Spanish

    How to write a formal letter in Spanish There are a couple of ways in which you can open a letter in Spanish with a formal greeting: Distinguido Señor Rosario: / Distinguida Señora Rosario: - Distinguished Mr./Mrs. Rosario Estimado Sr. Roberto: - Dear Mr. Roberto Estimada Sra. Rosita: - Dear Mrs./Ms. Rosita

  6. How to Write a Spanish Letter: 14 Steps (with Pictures)

    In a Spanish letter you should follow your greeting with a colon, rather than with the comma that is commonly used in English. 4 Introduce yourself. In the first line of your letter, you want to let the person know who you are. Begin your letter by saying Mi nombre es and writing your full name.

  7. How To Write a Business and Personal Letter in Spanish

    In English, it is common to begin both personal letters and business correspondence with "Dear ___." In Spanish, however, there is more variation depending on how formal you want to be. In personal correspondence, the equivalent of "dear" is querido or querida (the past participle of querer ), depending on the sex of the person.

  8. How to Write a Letter in Spanish: Date, Greetings & More

    When writing a business letter in Spanish, if you know this information, your greeting must include the job title of the person you're writing to. You can also use the abbreviations Sr. and Sra. (Mr. and Mrs.) to formally address people. For example: Estimado Sr. Díaz Appreciated Mr. Díaz Apreciable Sra. Pérez Dear Mrs. Pérez

  9. Addressing a Letter in Spanish

    In Spanish, the salutation is always followed by a colon (:). So, when Rachel writes the letter to Rosa, she will start with: Querida Rosa: When writing a formal letter, we will use...

  10. Spanish alphabet

    While the majority of the letters in Spanish are always pronounced the same way, there are a few whose pronunciation changes depending on the letters with which they combine. Let's take a look at some of the trickier combinations. Ge Before a Vowel When ge comes before i or e, it's pronounced like a raspy English h. gente ( people)

  11. traducción

    In both personal and official communication. I am not a native speaker, but the phrase I was taught to use in "to whom it may concern" situations was: Estimados señores. "Estimados señores" could be the equivalent, I think, to "Dear sir or madam". The OP asked for a different translation.

  12. How To Start A Letter In Spanish In 2023

    If you want to start an informal letter in Spanish, you need to use the word Querido (dear) to create. For example: Querido Juan: (Dear Juan) Querida Ana: (Dear Ana) Amado: Beloved (masculine) Queridas: Dear ones If the letter is meant for a group of persons or friends, you can use the word mis queridos amigos (my dear friends).

  13. How to End a Letter in Spanish

    In Spanish, the most common way to start a letter is with querido (when addressing a man) or querida (when addressing a woman), which translates to dear. However, querido is very familiar, so in a more formal letter, make sure to write estimado or estimada, a more professional greeting which translates as esteemed or dear.

  14. How to Write a Formal Letter in Spanish With Examples

    Learn how to write a formal letter in Spanish. What to Expect Here you can find a lot of useful opening and closing phrases to structure your letter around a specific purpose (giving information, asking for something, making a complaint). In the end, you'll find two sample letters in Spanish.

  15. Write an email in Spanish like a Native

    Starting an letter or email in Spanish means you need a greeting. Many Spanish greetings are similar to those in English, like 'dear' ( querido) or 'hello' ( hola) but several are less familiar to English speakers. Note the greetings below, designated by whether they are used in more formal or informal situations. Formal A quien corresponda

  16. Writing in Spanish: The Step-by-step Guide to Writing Like a 21st

    Another letter with a mark is the Spanish letter ñ. In this case, you only have to press the (:) key, because Spanish keyboards have their own ñ key. The last mark you will need in Spanish is the diéresis (¨). In order to type it, press Shift + the (') key. Then type u or i. Question and exclamation marks

  17. How do you end a letter in Spanish?

    In Spanish, when we don't know the receiver of our letters, we can refer to them in plural ("Estimados" or "Estimadas", or if they're into neutral gender language, "Estimadxs" or "Estimades"), put a comma and then begin the letter. But how do you end a letter in Spanish? Ok, that's easy and it depends, again, on your relationship.

  18. How to Write a Magnificent Formal Email in Spanish

    Starting Your Formal Spanish Email. Greetings. If you don't know the name of the person you're writing to, you should start your letter with: A quien corresponda: (to whom it may concern:) If you know the name but still don't have enough of a relationship to use the person's first name ...

  19. Spanish Alphabet Pronunciation

    Learning how to pronounce the Spanish alphabet, or abecedario, is easy! Most letters only have one sound, which makes pronouncing them pretty simple. The table below shows the letters in the abecedario, along with their Spanish name (s), and some tips on pronouncing them alone and in combination with other letters. Pronouncing the Spanish Alphabet

  20. How to Start a Letter in Spanish

    Open a formal letter with a phrase like "Estimado Sr. Fulano" (Dear Mr. Fulano) or "Estimada Sra. Blanco" (Dear Ms. Blanco). Use "Distinguido Sr. Fulano" (Dear Mr. Fulano) and "Distinguida Sra. Blanco" (Dear Ms. Blanco) if you want to be especially respectful.

  21. List of common Spanish surnames

    Romero - 540,922 - Can be either Spanish or Italian, and have multiple meanings. Moreno - 539,927; Chávez - 517,392 - From Portuguese and Galician, from various places by the name, places derive name from Latin clavis "keys" or aquis Flaviis "at the waters of Flavius" Rivera - 508,022 - Meaning either "Riverbank" or ...

  22. Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Collapses: What We Know

    March 13, 2023, 6:07 p.m. ET. On Friday, Silicon Valley Bank, a lender to some of the biggest names in the technology world, became the largest bank to fail since the 2008 financial crisis. By ...