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Unlocking the world, how dubai is paying the price for letting in tourists.
Take a passing glance at Dubai , and you may think life is back to normal. In recent weeks, the bustling city has been a sparkling attraction for tourists, especially from Europe, trying to escape the brutal winter and strict coronavirus lockdowns.
But as tens of thousands of visitors flocked there during its peak year-end season, the virus inevitably caught up with the city despite precautions aimed at limiting its spread. Cases began to rise, nearly quadrupling since November.
Even as Covid-19 gained a stronger foothold, the images out of Dubai – particularly from the Instagram feeds of influencers or celebrities – painted an image of a wide-open winter sun paradise.
For those back home in countries such as the UK, where most people are being told they cannot travel abroad because of the risk to health, these pictures caused consternation, drawing criticism of those enjoying themselves.
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Furious reaction
For Danish tourist Emma Mathilde, who has frequently visited Dubai over the past few months, the backlash wasn’t surprising.
“In Europe, everyone is locked at home, it’s cold and it’s gray,” she says. “Dubai is the only place you can travel to, so everyone is going there. It’s sunny, you can go out to eat, and that’s why people get furious over why they have to stay home when other people are enjoying their lives.”
With a recent UK travel ban effectively cutting off what had in recent weeks become the world’s busiest airplane route, Dubai’s openness is clearly facing external challenges – an issue that’s helped prompt a rethink of Covid-19 measures.
That said, the emirate is determined to keep its tourism-reliant economy in business, and officials are unfazed about the recent bad press, confident that levels of compliance with Covid-19 precautions have so far been in keeping with expectations.
“We approach things in a very measured fashion, but it’s our philosophy that we should work through this pandemic,” Helal Saeed Al Marri, director general of Dubai Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing, tells CNN .
“If we ask everybody to change their behavior 100%, it’s very unlikely to get full compliance. In our case, we’ve asked people to tweak their behavior, to learn to live in the new normal, and people have embraced that.”
Al Marri said the actions of just a few tourists shouldn’t tarnish Dubai’s reputation.
“If you walk in the street in Dubai, people are wearing masks. If someone isn’t wearing a mask, it won’t be the authorities that tell them to put a mask on, it’ll be a passerby, because that’s the way we’ve learned to live within this Covid era.”
Traveling to Dubai during Covid-19: What you need to know before you go
‘Inevitable’ spike
Last month, the United Arab Emirates saw cases rise by 80,000 to more than 290,000, with more than 4,000 a day being reported, putting hospitals under strain. Blame for the rise, say some experts, shouldn’t necessarily be placed at the door of tourists.
The city’s population is made up of around 85% expatriates, many of whom either visited home in December or attended local Christmas or New Year gatherings as a substitute for canceled trips back to see their families.
Celia Antony, a medical doctor at Aster Clinics in Sharjah, says that the UAE’s Covid cases were very low in August, then began increasing in September to October, leveling off in November and early December before rising sharply from the end of the year.
The spike, she says, was an inevitable consequence of the movement of residents. Numbers, she adds, have also risen as a result of increased testing.
Ahmed Mohamed Abdelhameed, an internal medicine specialist at the Medcare Women and Children’s Hospital in Dubai, says the spike would have been the same whether or not borders had closed.
“Most countries now suffer from a spike in the number of cases [and] many of them were very restrictive in opening their port of entrance,” he says. “I still believe that the only way to have this situation over is to keep to the infection control measures and to get vaccinated. Closing the doors can only stop people from entering, and not the virus.”
Tourism Authority Director Al Marri says Dubai has always been prepared to respond to the situation on the ground. Notably, Dubai’s lockdown in the early days of the pandemic was one of the world’s first and among its toughest.
During the lockdown, residents could not leave home without prior clearance through an app, for a maximum of three hours and only for medical emergencies, food shopping or essential work.
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Stricter penalties
Al Marri says that pragmatism continues to inform Dubai’s Covid policies, and new measures will be monitored for effectiveness even as they strive to keep the city’s economy moving.
“We shut down when we needed to, and since we’ve opened, we follow the data,” he says. “If we see compliance, we don’t need to tighten. If we don’t see compliance at any part of the economy, we look at this very carefully sector by sector. It’s nothing to do with what anybody else tells us.”
Once a drop in compliance levels was noticed at the beginning of January, directly attributable to a rise in cases, Al Marri says authorities began to clamp down.
As of Tuesday, beach clubs, hotels and malls are limited to 70% capacity and cinemas down to 50%. Bars and pubs have been temporarily shut down, with stricter penalties for rule violators.
This type of reaction according to the threat is something Danish tourist Mathilde says is lacking in Europe.
“I think the (UAE) government is handling it great,” she says. “It’s very different from how we are handling it in Europe where the cases are still high, and the economy is suffering a lot.
“In Dubai, I think it’s just another way of doing it. It’s a balance between listening to humans, taking care of people and taking care of businesses that have to survive during the pandemic.”
It’s a dilemma all too familiar for governments around the world: trying to find a balance between keeping the economy open and keeping people safe.
Let the countdown recommence: Dubai prepares for Expo 2020
Safety before profits
Adil Ghazzawi, co-owner of local waterfront club Cove Beach, says Dubai has found that balance.
“I think they (the government) felt that everyone felt the pain in the first lockdown,” he says. “So, the idea now is not to lock down, it’s to be methodical around how we can help venues stay open in a way that’s safe for the visitors.”
Vaccinations are also now a significant part of the equation in the UAE. The country has one of the highest Covid-19 vaccination rates globally – more than four million doses of the vaccine have been administered to a population of 10 million. The government has a plan to vaccinate half its residents by the end of March.
Al Marri says this and other data will govern the tightening of restrictions.
“All of the decisions related to public health are led by a health authority and the scientists sitting inside,” he says. “Whatever they recommend, we work with the private sector to make sure it is implemented in the best possible way.”
For Dubai, 2021 is a big year, both from an economic and tourism perspective. The city is set to host the World Expo in October, after delaying it a year because of the pandemic.
That’s why it is vital that services remain moving. That’s a view shared by some of Dubai’s business owners, such as Ghazzawi.
“It’s a gradual opening up, but it could be a drastic shutdown in a heartbeat based on what’s happening, which I think sends the message that Dubai is safe because they’re not shy to make quick adjustments if need be.”
Mohammed Islam, general manager of Bla Bla beach club, which became Dubai’s biggest venue when it opened last month, says safety has to come before profits while things remain so unstable.
“There are a lot of people [in the industry] pushing too hard, but we need to think of safety as our primary concern as if we abuse the system we’ll get completely shut down,” he says. “Let’s not think of making money but all of us staying together and getting this over with.”
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Please note you do not have access to teaching notes, dubai – a star in the east: a case study in strategic destination branding.
Journal of Place Management and Development
ISSN : 1753-8335
Article publication date: 14 March 2008
Worldwide approximately 200 national economies are competing in the destination market. In 2006, global government and capital expenditure exceeded US$1,480 billion making destination branding an important concept that still remains fragmented and unplanned. Dubai, an emirate of the UAE in the Middle East has been chosen as a case study to explain some elements of successful destination branding. This paper aims to apply a framework developed by Balakrishnan to explain areas of caution when competing in an international market where success is also partially dependent on the macro‐environment.
Design/methodology/approach
The framework was developed by reviewing literature on destination, place, corporate, product portfolio and service branding. The framework was tested using case study methodology. Secondary research was primarily used to develop the case.
There is a strong fit with the model suggesting that destinations can use this as a basis for continuity in strategy even as governments change. Based on the analysis and review; a checklist for destination branding strategy was recommended.
Research limitations/implications
Since, this study depends on secondary research there is some limitations as data in this region is not easily available.
Originality/value
Destination branding differs in challenges vis‐à‐vis product and service branding. This paper depicts steps essential for creating a successful branding strategy which can be applied in a real world context to maximize returns for the destination.
- Brand management
- Brand image
Stephens Balakrishnan, M. (2008), "Dubai – a star in the east: A case study in strategic destination branding", Journal of Place Management and Development , Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 62-91. https://doi.org/10.1108/17538330810865345
Emerald Group Publishing Limited
Copyright © 2008, Emerald Group Publishing Limited
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The World's Most Improbable Green City
A decade ago Dubai had one of the largest ecological footprints of any city in the world. By 2050 it wants to have the smallest. Can it get there?
To plunge headlong into the audacity of Dubai —the sprawling efflorescence of concrete, glass, and steel that has sprung up over the past three decades on the scorched sands of Arabia—you could start by going skiing. Smack in the middle of the flat city, the slope looks like a silver spaceship impaled in the ground floor of the Mall of the Emirates. Inside, you can window-shop at Prada, Dior, and Alexander McQueen before pushing through the glass doors of Ski Dubai . Passing a mural of the Alps, you zip up your parka, pull on your gloves. You begin to marvel then at what air-conditioning can do, when pushed to its limits.
The souvenir T-shirt I bought bears a cartoon of a Celsius thermometer. “I went from +50 to -8,” it said. It didn’t feel quite as cold as minus eight (14°F) on the slope, but the temperature outside can get close to 50 (122°F) in summer. The humidity is stifling then, because of the proximity of the sea. Yet it rarely rains; Dubai gets less than four inches a year. There are no permanent rivers. There is next to no soil suitable for growing crops.
What kind of human settlement makes sense in such a place? For centuries Dubai was a fishing village and trading port, small and poor. Then oil and a wild real estate boom transformed it into a city that sports the world’s tallest building, one of its densest collections of skyscrapers, and its third busiest airport. “From the point of view of sustainability you probably wouldn’t have done it here,” says Janus Rostock , a prominent architect transplanted from Copenhagen.
And yet a sustainable city is precisely what Dubai’s government says it aims to create.
Sustainable? Dubai? When camels fly, you might say. The boom years made the city a poster child for the excess that results when cheap energy meets environmental indifference. Indoor skiing is just a symbol: Dubai burns far more fossil fuel to air-condition its towers of glass. To keep the taps running in all those buildings, it essentially boils hundreds of Olympic pools worth of seawater every day. And to create more beachfront for more luxury hotels and villas, it buried coral reefs under immense artificial islands.
In 2006 the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) declared the United Arab Emirates the country with the largest ecological footprint, per capita , largely because of its carbon emissions. The shoe certainly fit Dubai, the most conspicuous consumer among the seven emirates. In the decade since, the city’s population has doubled, to more than 2.8 million. The number of cars on its roads has more than doubled. A surprising number are Bentleys, Lamborghinis, and other gorgeous gas hogs.
And yet, something else has happened since 2006: Dubai has started to change.
Gleaming driverless metro trains now run the length of the linear city, alongside Sheikh Zayed Road, carrying about as many people, and often faster, as the cars on that clogged 12-lane artery. On Dubai’s southern outskirts, a new housing development has opened—called Sustainable City —that recycles its water and waste and produces more energy than it consumes. Further out in the desert, Dubai is building a giant solar power plant that will soon be producing some of the cheapest and cleanest electricity on Earth.
“The leadership has recognized that the growth of the economy is not sustainable without taking action on emissions,” says Tanzeed Alam, climate director for the Emirates Wildlife Society , WWF’s local partner.
In Dubai, the “leadership” is His Highness Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, the 67-year-old hereditary emir, aka the Ruler. Sheikh Mohammed took over in 2006. He has decreed that his city will get 75 percent of its energy from clean sources by 2050. He wants it to have the smallest carbon footprint in the world. Many people I met on a recent visit to Dubai, including Rostock and Alam, believe the city might actually pull that off.
And if it can happen here, they say, it can happen anywhere.
Survival Instincts
Two places on Dubai’s 40-mile-long coast frame its astonishing trajectory.
The first is Jebel Ali, home to a busy man-made port as well as an enormous industrial plant belonging to Dubai Electric and Water Authority (DEWA). It produces most of the city’s electricity and drinking water in the same process: Natural gas, mainly from Abu Dhabi and Qatar, is burned to generate electricity, and the leftover heat is used to distill seawater and remove the salt. As Dubai has grown, the plant has kept adding new modules, and it’s now a mile-long line of candy-striped smokestacks and evaporator tanks. It can produce nearly 10 gigawatts of electricity and half a billion gallons of desalinated water a day.
The second place is in what’s left of Old Dubai, on what’s called the Creek — actually a saltwater inlet. One of the few natural harbors on this coast, the Creek is why Dubai exists at all. Beat-up wooden dhows from another century still line up to be loaded with refrigerators and air-conditioners from South Korea, which they will deliver across the Gulf to Iran. Near the mouth of the Creek is the house where Sheikh Mohammed spent his childhood.
The house belonged to his grandfather, who was then the Ruler. (The Al Maktoums have ruled Dubai since 1833.) Though large, it was hardly a palace. It had neither running water nor electricity. Dubai didn’t get electricity, or its first paved road, until 1961. Running water arrived a few years later. Mohammed grew up by lamplight, in a place where water was delivered by donkey cart, in barrels filled at one of the village’s wells.
His father, Rashid, had grown up in the same house. In the 1930s he saw people in Dubai starve; the global depression and the invention of artificial pearls had destroyed the market for pearl diving, which was then Dubai’s main enterprise. It was Rashid who began to modernize—and diversify—Dubai, after he took over as ruler in 1958, and especially after the proceeds of oil began to materialize in the late 1960s. He built roads, schools, an airport, and in 1979, a 39-story World Trade Centre, at the time the tallest building in the Middle East.
“It was built in the middle of nowhere, on the edge of the city,” says Neil Walmsley, a British engineer who has been in Dubai since 2005 and is director of urban planning for Arup , a consulting firm. “It was a vote of confidence. The city responded by growing towards it”—and then well past it. Dubai was not a center of world trade when Rashid built his centre, but it is now. When he dug a giant new port at Jebel Ali, having already dredged the Creek, even his sons were baffled by his optimism. Now that port is one of the world’s busiest.
The pearl business hadn’t lasted forever, and Rashid knew he couldn’t count on the oil. Dubai had never had more than a small fraction of what Abu Dhabi had. There’s a saying attributed to Rashid: His father and grandfather rode camels, while he himself drove a Mercedes, and his son, a Land Rover. His grandson would drive a Land Rover too—but his great grandson might ride a camel again.
Unless, that is, the Al Maktoums played their cards right. In Dubai, that’s the first meaning of “sustainability”: finding a way to wring a good living from a hard place, ideally without having to rely on camels again. Worrying about your footprint comes later.
Toward a New Golden Age?
The Burj Al Arab , or Tower of the Arabs, was one of the first of many Dubai landmarks that Sheikh Mohammed commissioned, even before he was Ruler, in the 1990s. It’s a luxury hotel built on an artificial island. As Jim Krane tells the story in Dubai: The Story of the World’s Fastest City , the hotel could have been built on the mainland, but Mohammed and the architect decided it would make a more memorable addition to the skyline if it stood just offshore. And they were right: Shaped like a three-cornered sail rising off the sea, it’s now an icon.
Arab merchants pioneered the use of the three-cornered lateen sail more than a millennium ago. As Sheikh Mohammed tells that story in his own book, My Vision, the new sail helped Arab dhows outdistance their square-sailed competitors. It symbolizes his aspiration for Dubai: to be the first, the best, the smartest, the fastest—to win the race against its global competitors, not just for its own sake but for the whole Arab world. He wants to make Arabs pioneers again, the way they were in the Middle Ages .
Dubai has no income tax or sales tax, and that has long made it attractive to foreigners. But in the early 2000s, it began for the first time to allow them to own property. Waves of cash flooded into Dubai real estate from Russia, from Iran, from the Arab world—from investors anywhere who were looking for a safe haven. Combined with a law that grants each Emirati citizen a plot for his own villa, it led to a surge in development. Four large developers, three of them controlled by the state, were granted great plots of land. Workers streamed in from South Asia to build new skyscrapers for the affluent. They themselves lived in camps that were often squalid, in conditions that some said resembled indentured servitude. ( Read an in-depth report on Dubai’s guest workers .)
The city exploded down the coast. The Dubai Marina , a dense forest of more than a hundred 40-story apartment buildings, sprung up out of nothing, to be inhabited only by expats, some of them for only part of the year. The city also pushed inland into the desert, with new villa developments for Emiratis and foreigners.
“When you look at how Dubai has been growing, it’s just been this obsession with building outward into the desert,” says Yasser Elsheshtawy , an Egyptian architect who has taught at the university in Al Ain for 20 years. “There were no limitations. Energy was cheap. You had cars. So why not?”
The more compelling question is why Dubai would ever change. What could prompt a Ruler with a deep drive for economic growth—who had ordered up not only a sail-shaped tower but also a skyscraper as tall as the Sears Tower with the Eiffel on top, and not only three palm-shaped artificial peninsulas jutting miles into the sea but also an archipelago of 300 islands shaped like countries and arranged in a map of the world—to develop an interest in photovoltaic panels, low-flow faucets, and walkable neighborhoods?
Crisis: “The Best Thing To Happen”
In 2008 and 2009, with the global economy on the edge of collapse, tourism plummeted in Dubai. Real estate prices fell 50 percent, oil even more. Dubai had to be bailed out of debt by Abu Dhabi. But it also got a chance to take stock.
“The economic crisis was the best thing that happened to us—a blessing in disguise,” says Habiba al Marashi, founder of the Emirates Environmental Group , an organization that attempts, through education and recycling, to promote environmental responsibility. ““It slowed down the crazy pace of construction.”
As the city drew its breath, three factors combined to pave the way for a new focus on sustainability, says Dubai-based energy consultant Robin Mills. The first was Masdar City , a project launched in neighboring Abu Dhabi in 2006. Billed as the world’s first zero-carbon city and designed by the firm of star British architect Norman Foster , it was intended to be car free—driverless pods would ferry residents around—and to produce all its electricity with solar power.
Though the financial crisis put a crimp in Masdar City’s ambitions too, it's now expanding around its compact urban core, with a new apartment complex nearing completion and plans for 5,000 homes. And the international publicity the project received from the start helped break the resistance to green ideas throughout the UAE. When Masdar began, “it was really tough,” recalls CEO Mohamed Jameel Al Ramahi. “People didn’t want to talk about it. They said, ‘It’s too expensive! Who likes it? What’s the need?’”
And yet Dubai, says Mills, was starting to feel a strong need to reduce its dependence on imported natural gas. Just before the financial crisis, when the city was at the peak of its growth, oil and gas prices were soaring. Mills, who had once been a geologist for Shell, was working on energy at Dubai Holding, a major developer in which Sheikh Mohammed holds a majority stake. “One of the issues was how Dubai was going to source the energy to power all these enormous real estate developments,” Mills says.
Meanwhile a new alternative—the third factor—was emerging. Solar power was booming in places like Germany and Spain, and prices were falling fast. In 2012 Mills wrote a report saying that solar power had become cost-competitive in the Middle East, at 12 U.S. cents per kilowatt-hour. By 2015 DEWA signed a contract for 200 megawatts worth of solar panels that would deliver power at 5.6 cents per kilowatt-hour—a world record-low. At that price, it was making a profit on solar.
“For the utility, that was a eureka moment,” says Saeed al Abbar, head of the Emirates Green Building Council . It was founded in 2006, when the boom was at its height.
Endless Sun
By the time I visit the Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum Solar Park at the beginning of February, DEWA has shattered that record: Masdar’s parent company—the largest exporter of renewable energy in the Middle East—has agreed to furnish the next 800 megawatts of power at 2.99 cents a kilowatt-hour . “Solar is clearly by far the cheapest form of electricity,” Mills says.
The site, about 30 miles southeast of the city, was chosen for its insolation, a DEWA engineer says. We climb out of the shade of a transformer building onto its roof to gaze out over the field of solar panels, slanted toward the sun. They already cover well over a square mile and produce 200 megawatts, two percent of DEWA’s total generating capacity, but there’s room for a lot more—a thousand megawatts will be here by 2020, 5,000 megawatts by 2030, DEWA says. And unlike some utilities in the United States, which see solar power as unwelcome competition, it’s also actively encouraging citizens to put solar panels on roofs.
“The solar potential is so great here,” Mills says. “Millions of acres of empty desert, and plenty of roof space. Electricity generation—for me it’s almost ‘problem solved.’”
DEWA, however, is afraid to count on any one solution, however limitless. So by 2030 it plans to get seven percent of its electricity from four nuclear power plants that Abu Dhabi is building; the first is expected to switch on this year. More troubling, DEWA is constructing a plant that will burn coal. It’ll have to be imported, probably from Australia or Indonesia. The electricity will cost 40 percent more than solar power. It makes neither environmental nor economic sense—other than as a hedge against Dubai’s nightmare, an energy shortage that might limit the growth of the city.
Building Greener
After the profligate boom years, Dubai is also attempting to restrain demand for electricity and water. Prices used to be heavily subsidized, but DEWA raised them substantially, and introduced a progressive scale that rises with consumption. Dubai residents now pay roughly as much for electricity as I pay in Washington, D.C., and about 50 percent more for water—unless they happen to belong to the 10 percent of the population who are citizens of the UAE. Citizens pay less.
New buildings in Dubai aren’t built as if energy and water are limitless, says Al Abbar. Old buildings from before the boom weren’t either: Sheikh Mohammed’s boyhood home featured thick walls, small windows, and wind towers that caught the breeze and funneled it into the shaded courtyard where he played ball. Even the World Trade Centre had deep-set windows and white walls to reflect the heat. But if you stand on its 31 st floor today, in the offices of Sheikh Mohammed’s educational foundation, you look out over a city of glass towers.
“There is an expectation from the tenants—they want to see floor-to-ceiling glass,” Al Abbar says. Developers can’t necessarily fight their clients’ desire for spectacular views, he adds; an unoccupied building is an unsustainable one.
Since the economic crisis, Dubai has tightened its green building regulations, as part of a strategy to reduce energy demand by 30 percent. New buildings must have solar water heaters, as well as operational systems that lower lights and thermostats when people are absent. To reach the city’s goal of retrofitting 30,000 older buildings, regulations allow third-party contractors to renovate buildings and take their profits from a portion of the energy savings. “What I’ve seen is a huge change,” Al Abbar says.
The city government is not just imposing rules on building owners, says the municipality’s director general, Hussain Nasser Lootah, an engineer by training. It’s also collaborating with manufacturers on rolling out efficient products for the Dubai market. Philips is making a one-watt LED bulb that will soon be in buildings across the city, Lootah says. And a new Scandinavian low-flow faucet will be installed in all the local mosques this year, inshallah . Observant Muslims practice ritual ablutions before prayer five times a day, washing face, hands, and feet. “They use too much water!” Lootah says. The new faucet delivers 40 percent of the water with 100 percent of the noise, reassuring the faithful that they’re being adequately cleansed.
Faris Saeed, developer of the Sustainable City, which stands (for now) on the edge of the sprawling and less sustainable one, traces the origin of his own project to the financial crisis. A Jordanian engineer who has lived in the UAE since 1995, Saeed runs Diamond Developers. At the height of the boom, he built six towers containing 1,300 apartments in the Dubai Marina. Those days are gone now. “We took a decision as a company that we could never go back to business as usual,” he says.
Saeed’s new development, which will eventually include a school, hotel, an “innovation center,” and a riding stable, currently consists of 500 villas on a compact 114-acre site. The L-shaped houses stand close together on narrow, verdant streets, facing north, such that they shade each other—sun falls onto the windowed facades only in the early morning and late afternoon.
That simple design choice, Saeed says, allows the air-conditioning units to be 40 percent smaller. Extra insulation, reflective windows and paint, and LED lights further cut energy consumption to around half what would be expected for a 3,000 to 4,000 square foot villa in Dubai. “It’s a myth that sustainable has to be more expensive,” Saeed says.
The Sustainable City produces more electricity than it consumes, thanks to solar panels that shade roof terraces and parking lots. Each roof also has a solar water heater. All waste is recycled—the organic stuff is composted and used in a series of dome-shaped greenhouses that occupy a “farm” at the center of the development. “We’re self-sufficient in herbs,” a public relations person says. For other food, residents can walk to the grocery store, just off a central plaza that will be lined with restaurants. On summer evenings they can sit and watch their children play in small squares cooled by wind towers , like the ones at Sheikh Mohammed’s boyhood home, but augmented by fans.
For this sustainable idyll, Saeed says, residents will pay no more than they would at one of the other developments nearby. He’ll even throw in a $10,000 subsidy for an electric car, which leads to the one apparent flaw of Sustainable City: It’s a longish drive from any of the multiple centers of Dubai.
The Curse of the Grandchildren
On a wall in Lootah’s office, a framed series of aerial pictures shows how Dubai has evolved since 1935, when it was an impoverished fishing village huddled around the Creek. At the center is a visualization of the future: It shows a coast even more clogged with artificial islands and peninsulas than it is today. This city has no intention of slowing down. It lives off its expanding footprint: Nearly a quarter of the population works in construction.
Less than a decade ago, tanker trucks were pulling up to modern apartment buildings to pick up sewage, some of which was dumped illegally in the desert. Now nearly all parts of the city—all but the industrial areas and the labor camps, Lootah says—are connected by pipes to two modern sewage treatment plants. A third plant is about to open, and Lootah expects to build several more to keep up with growth. Dubai sees its population doubling, to more than 5 million, by 2030.
“When I was in the States,” Lootah says—in the late 1970s he studied in Pittsburgh, and after that proved too cold, Arizona—“people asked where you come from. ‘Emirates? Where is this? Where is Dubai?’ Now, you ask anybody: They say they love to come to Dubai!”
Lootah credits the Ruler with putting the city on the map. A large portrait of Sheikh Mohammed hangs behind Lootah’s desk, as it does in most Dubai offices. A two-story-high portrait hangs on the façade of the municipality building, alongside that of the Emir of Abu Dhabi, who is president of the UAE. (Sheikh Mohammed is vice president.)
All over Dubai, from Emiratis and expats alike, I heard testimonials to the decisive leadership of Sheikh Mohammed. “We don’t have a lot of formalities,” Lootah says. “Here projects take days to be done, elsewhere years.” It’s not just the lack of red tape that speeds things up—it’s the lack of democratic institutions. Without a free press, political parties, or free elections, there’s little chance of public opposition to projects endorsed by the Ruler.
Planners of Washington, D.C.’s Metro system started sketching a Silver Line to Dulles Airport in the late 1960s; it’s still not finished. Dubai’s Red Line, of comparable length, was planned and built in less than a decade, and its first stretch opened in 2009, at the height of the financial crisis. Even sustainability mavens, aware of how much needs to change, find a lot to cheer in the can-do spirit that trickles down from the Ruler.
“This country has developed so quickly,” says Tanzeed Alam of WWF. “It can change quickly too—because the leadership gets behind it.”
“As long as they’re making decisions that are good and make sense,” the lack of democracy “is not that big an issue,” says Janus Rostock, chief architect in the Dubai office of Atkins, the firm that designed the Metro, the Burj Al Arab, and most recently, the Dubai Opera , which is shaped like a dhow and opened last year.
Between 2011 and 2016, while the population of Dubai grew by 35 percent, water and electricity consumption grew a bit slower—in other words, per capita consumption is falling, a sign that city efforts are bearing fruit. Per capita carbon emissions have fallen dramatically since the UAE’s world-champion days, according to Dubai Carbon , a government think tank. They’re now comparable to those of the United States, at less than 18 tons per year. “Dubai is pursuing carbon-neutral growth,” says Ivano Iannelli, who heads Dubai Carbon. “The idea is not to increase emissions” as the population grows. But for the foreseeable future, total emissions will keep rising.
Dubai residents may emit no more carbon than average Americans, but they emit nearly three times as much as the average residents of New York City. That’s in part because of Dubai’s legacy of heedless expansion—it’s a sprawling, car-centered city built to be taken in at 75 miles per hour, Rostock says.
He and others are trying to change that. Rostock has led an effort to transform the area around the Burj Khalifa (“a fortress,” he says) and the new opera into a district of ground-floor shops and restaurants that invites people to stroll. And near the Mall of the Emirates, Sheikh Mohammed’s own Dubai Holding has master-planned a mile-long development, called Jumeirah Central, where hundreds of apartment and office buildings are to be laid out on small, walkable blocks. They’ll be linked by trams and gondolas to the Mall and its Metro stop.
Hereditary rulers, it’s sometimes said, can take a longer view than democratically elected ones. Habiba al Marashi tells me about another saying attributed to Sheik Rashid: Humans need to live in harmony with nature, she says, paraphrasing the father of modern Dubai, “so we have the blessings of our grandchildren and avoid being cursed by future generations.”
But Rashid also didn’t want his descendants to have to ride camels again, and if Dubai succeeds in its current shift toward sustainability, it will be for reasons of hard-headed economics. Dubai is pivoting now, says Rostock, because it has to—because it’s competing with other global cities for business and people, and sustainability is in.
“What we have is a willingness and a push to change Dubai and how it’s perceived by the world,” Rostock says. “Dubai is unique in its dependence on the surrounding world. Dubai doesn’t have the oil. It has to be attractive to two billion people within a four-hour flight.”
People in Glass Houses
On my last evening in Dubai, I finally went skiing. It’s a peculiar experience: You’re in a giant fishbowl, being watched through tall windows by people in the mall. But it’s real skiing, with real snow. As my legs fell into the familiar rhythm, I felt the old familiar pleasure. In a former life, I had spent many winter holidays in the French Alps, and this reminded me of the bunny slopes where my children had learned to ski. To be sure, the only Alps here were painted ones—but there were plenty of real and happy children, playing in the snow and cutting in front of me in the lift line. They seemed blissfully unaware of the unsustainability of their activity, though I admit I didn’t ask.
Once we’ve converted to solar energy, we won’t have to worry about carbon emissions from air conditioning, even on ski slopes. Dubai and the UAE could easily pioneer that transition. By the time the whole world makes it, however, it may get very hot along the Persian Gulf. In Dubai at the height of summer, people already go outside as little as possible. By 2100, according to one recent study, there may be days so hot and humid that going outside could kill you.
Water may become a choke point even sooner. At the National Center of Meteorology & Seismology in Abu Dhabi, meteorologists monitor every cloud that passes over the UAE; if a cloud looks promising, the pilot of one of six planes on standby 24/7 is guided to the right spot to seed it with salt crystals . Researchers say they can tease a few extra millimeters of rain out the atmosphere each year, which helps a bit to recharge the country’s depleted and polluted aquifers.
But those are drops in the bucket; Dubai will always depend on desalination for its drinking water. The problem is not so much the tremendous energy it takes—that will eventually come from the sun—but the hot brine that’s left over and discharged into the Gulf. A shallow, almost closed sea, the Gulf is already 20 percent saltier than the ocean, and it’s getting saltier: In addition to the hypersaline brine pouring into it, dams in Turkey and Iraq are diverting fresh water and climate change is increasing evaporation. In time the Gulf could become too salty to desalinate economically or to support much in the way of marine life. “We still feel we can cope,” says Lootah. With technology, “everything is possible.”
Should this city even be here? I put the question to Tanzeed Alam. We’re sitting in the Sustainable City—where the Emirates Wildlife Society is about to move into new offices “to walk the walk,” he says—but I’m asking about Dubai.
“That’s the wrong question,” Alam says. “It’s more about accepting where we are today, and how do we make that better. It’s a question of the right to develop, and of human beings’ right for a better future. How do we make cities better?”
At Ski Dubai, I don’t stop at the wooden chalet in the middle of the slope, where you can sip hot chocolate in front of an open fire. I’m in a hurry to get on my 14-hour flight back to Washington, where the traffic is among the worst in the U.S.; where the Metro system is on the edge of collapse; where, because of my apartment’s antique heating system, I must leave the windows open in winter to keep the temperature inside below 80 degrees; and where the new administration has promised to dismantle government efforts to address climate change.
As I drive to the airport, a light, tentative rain begins to spatter the taxi’s windshield. I take it as a hopeful sign.
This article is part of our Urban Expeditions series, an initiative made possible by a grant from United Technologies to the National Geographic Society.
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Dubai Tourism is the principal authority for the planning, supervision, development and marketing of Dubai’s tourism sector. They market and promote the emirate’s commerce sector and have the goal to reach 23-25 million visitors per year by 2025. The most important goal in this campaign was to increase search volumes for holidays from the UK to Dubai, and increase actual bookings from the UK for those holidays.
The Strategy:
MAG’s target audience was aspirational 25-45 year olds, those who had been waiting for the opportunity to book a holiday, and those who could do so on impulse. The incredible creative for this campaign starring Jessica Alba and Zac Efron was a film spoof, in which the American actors show off Dubai’s tourist hotspots, in the guise of the action film genre.
In order to reach our audience, MAG:
Showcased the creative across Digital Out of Home & TV, capitalising on the strength of those formats to reach our target audience en masse across the UK. This first part of the campaign began just as travel restrictions to Dubai relaxed, and a holiday to Dubai was once again an option.
Showcased the creative in cinemas. It delivered the creative in its optimum environment (which was even more fitting considering the creative is a spoof action film), whilst taking advantage of the increase in cinema goers and connecting to the hype around the newest James Bond, and films alike.
The Results:
Online travel agency skyscanner said it saw a +133% spike in traffic for searches to dubai during the time the campaign was live..
Dubai- tourism case study
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The following are selected transactions of Blanco Company. Blanco prepares financial statements quarterly.
Jan. 2 Purchased merchandise on account from Nunez Company, $ 30 , 000 \$ 30,000 $30 , 000 , terms 2 / 10 , n / 30 2 / 10, n / 30 2/10 , n /30 . (Blanco uses the perpetual inventory system.)
Feb. 1 Issued a 9%, 2-month, $ 30 , 000 \$ 30,000 $30 , 000 note to Nunez in payment of account.
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Sept. 30 Accrued interest for 3 months on Marson note.
Oct. 1 Paid face value and interest on Marson note.
Dec. 1 Borrowed $ 24 , 000 \$ 24,000 $24 , 000 from the Paola Bank by issuing a 3-month, 8 % 8 \% 8% note with a face value of $ 24 , 000 \$ 24,000 $24 , 000 .
Dec. 31 Recognized interest expense for 1 month on Paola Bank note.
Instructions (d) What is total interest expense for the year?
Assume that people living near a particular high-voltage power line have a higher incidence of cancer than people living farther from the power line. Can you conclude that the high-voltage power line is the cause of the elevated cancer rate? If not, what other explanations might there be for it? What other types of research would you like to see before you conclude that high-voltage power lines cause cancer?
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Dubai Tourism Case Study
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Unsustainable tourism approaches in touristic destinations: a case study in turkey.
1. Introduction
2. literature review, 2.1. unplanned urbanization, 2.2. image and sound pollution, 2.3. exterminate and non-recyclable waste, 2.4. overtourism.
- What is unplanned urbanization in the context of unsustainable tourism policies?
- What are image and sound pollution in the context of unsustainable tourism policies?
- What is exterminate and non-recyclable waste in the context of unsustainable tourism policies?
- What is overtourism in the context of unsustainable tourism policies?
3. Methodology
3.1. study area, 3.2. method and analysis, 4. findings and results, 4.1. data on unplanned urbanization, 4.2. data on image and sound pollution, 4.3. data on exterminate and non-recyclable waste, 4.4. data on overtourism, 5. discussion, 6. conclusions, institutional review board statement, informed consent statement, data availability statement, conflicts of interest.
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Share and Cite
Barakazı, M. Unsustainable Tourism Approaches in Touristic Destinations: A Case Study in Turkey. Sustainability 2023 , 15 , 4744. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064744
Barakazı M. Unsustainable Tourism Approaches in Touristic Destinations: A Case Study in Turkey. Sustainability . 2023; 15(6):4744. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064744
Barakazı, Mahmut. 2023. "Unsustainable Tourism Approaches in Touristic Destinations: A Case Study in Turkey" Sustainability 15, no. 6: 4744. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064744
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Where are people going on holiday this 2023 so far
Tourism numbers spiking in most places, these destinations have done exceptionally well
Tourism is back — and it’s back with a vengeance. The visitor numbers are spiking everywhere, but certain destinations have done exceptionally well. This year may be known as the year when tourism figures will most probably eclipse the previous, pre-pandemic highs.
Three months out into 2023, certain destinations are reporting record jumps in visitor data, overshooting previous travel numbers — with countries like Thailand getting as high as 1,500 per cent jump in tourism arrivals.
- Ras Al Khaimah is the adventure hub of the Middle East, says Raki Phillips
- Saudi Arabia eyes 25 million tourists this year against 16.5 million last year
- Saudi Arabia sees 18 million inbound visits in first nine months of 2022
Revenge travel
Thanks to what is generally known as “revenge travel” — the phenomenon of people booking trips and going on vacation as a means to 'take revenge' against the pandemic — tourists by the millions are out to make up for the lost time by taking that much-awaited trip, or treat oneself after a long period of fear and uncertainty.
These are the top destinations seeing a big surge in travel numbers:
Armenia is listed by Forbes as one of the top travel destinations in 2023, not least due to the attraction of the Caucasus Mountains and Lake Sevan, as well as several historic architectural treasures, such as the Temple of Garni and the Monastery of Haghpat, both of which are UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Those who prefer hiking, the 861 kilometers (535 miles) of the Transcaucasian Trail that runs across Armenia provide unmatched opportunities.
Of late, tourism numbers had been up: 159,475 foreign tourists visited Armenia in January 2023, up 69 per cent from 94,339 who visited the country in January 2022, the Armenian Tourism Committee reported.
The country is also well known for its delectable food — such as the “khash” thick soup, “manti” baked dumplings, and, of course, homemade pickles with every meal. Armenia is a key destination for weekend wanderers and visitors from the UAE.
In 2022, inbound tourism numbers in Georgia already reached pre-pandemic levels. And the numbers are bound to increase, thanks to increased tourism promotion drive by the Tbilisi government.
From 7-9 March 2023, Georgia will be the official guest country at the world’s largest tourism trade fair, ITB, in Berlin, Germany. The event will be help Georgia further promote tourism, including for investment in its tourism sector. Georgia is a popular destination for tourists from the UAE.
From 1 March 2023, masks are no longer required both indoors and outdoors, including on public transport. Even before this full relaxation of travel curbs, January tourist arrivals has already soar 70 times year-on-year vs December's 16 times growth, according to a Reuters report.
Jewellery and watch sales were also up 23.1 per cent year vs December 4.9 per cent fall. And the government sees rebound of visitor numbers to support retail January retail sales grew 7% from a year earlier in value terms to stand at HK$36.2 billion ($4.61 billion). That compared with HK$33.7 billion in December.
Thailand, South-east Asia
Due in part to the busy travel season and China's reopening, 2.14 million foreign travelers arrived in Thailand in January alone. According to information from the Thai Ministry of Tourism and Sports issued on February 28, arrivals increased by more than 1,500 per cent in January compared to the same month last year.
The rest of Southeast Asia mirrors Thailand. China’s reopening continues to help Asean. One result: Asia’s tourism and consumer stocks climbed on expectations that more Chinese may travel as pandemic-related restrictions lift, Bloomberg reported.
Another result: Hotel rates are at an “all-time high,” Alan Watts, Hilton’s Asia-Pacific president, told CNBC. Rates are being fueled by travel demand that is like “a feast … to offset the famine,” he said, referencing the pandemic.
Average daily rates have increased by 8% in the fourth quarter of 2022, for Hilton, compared with the same period in 2019. Similarly, Marriott and IHG hiked prices by 13%, while Hyatt had a 14% daily rate increase.
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is targeting to receive 25 million foreign tourists in 2023 as part of efforts to diversify the kingdom’s economy and bolster tourism. The country saw 16.5 million tourists last year, Saudi Minister of Tourism Ahmad Al Khatib said, adding that the kingdom is expected to hold the world’s 17th rank in terms of tourist attraction, an increase of 94 per cent compared to the pre-epidemic time.
The overall tourism spending last year amounted to SR185 billion, a 93 per cent jump from 2021, the official added. The kingdom has already exceeded the 2019 figures to emerge as the leading country in registering record numbers among the Group of 20 (G20) countries. G20, a forum of the world’s largest economies, comprises 19 countries and the European Union.
The significant rise in travel to Asia is matched by an equally sharp spike in travel to Europe, which has tweaked its travel rules.
For example, a total of 4.1 million international tourists came to Spain in January this year, representing an increase of 65.8 per cent compared to the same month last year, according to data released by the National Institute of Statistics (INE) this week, SchengenVisaInfo.com reported.
In 2022, 71.6 million foreign tourists visited Spain, up 130% compared to 2021, but still 14% less than in the pre-Covid year 2019. But in January 2023, Spain had more foreign tourists in January than three years earlier — just before the pandemic.
In particular, the Balearic islands of Mallorca, Ibiza and Menorca, the previous big-hitters, are back with a vengeance with their year-round sunshine in the Mediterranean Sea. Canary Islands — Tenerife and the lesser-known La Gomera and La Palma — have also seen their tourism industry regaining their vibrancy. Sun-seekers also find their way to beach destinations on the mainland such as the Costa de la Luz and Catalonia.
Kenya's earnings from tourism rose to $2.13 billion in 2022 compared to $1.16 billion in 2021, according to data released by the state-owned Tourism Research Institute (TRI). The country's tourist arrivals in 2022 was 1.48 million, a 70.45 per cent jump as compared to 870,465 arrivals in 2021. The numbers show sustained progress toward pre-pandemic visitor arrivals.
Tourism is one of Kenya's leading dollar earners. The US was the leading source of foreign tourists with 209,360, followed closely by Uganda, Britain, and Tanzania. In February, after three years of pandemic curbs, tourism officials in Nairobi received the first group of 40 Chinese tourists on board a Southern Airlines flight from Guangzhou.
As travelers, especially from neighbouring US and Canada, take advantage of the first “normal” Spring break since the pandemic, Los Cabos in Mexico is now rated as “the next Cancun”.
In 2022, 13 million US tourists visited the neighbouring country. This year, the numbers are expected to go even higher. Unlike Cancun, famous for its luxurious resorts, this twin destination of "The Capes” — which includes both Cabo San Lucas and San Jose del Cabo — rose to prominence among travellers, as a much more relaxed alternative that’s yet to be overrun by the hordes of visitors.
The Balkans
Tourism service providers from Moldova, Romania, Montenegro, Serbia, Croatia, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Kosovo, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Albania are make a big push to increase their share of the post-pandemic tourism market.
The Balkans are undoubtedly one of Europe's last unique destinations — as more people want to visit the region because of its diversity in culture, natural beauty, beaches, and skiing.
Furthermore, the region provides excellent value for money, particularly for non-EU countries, with Albania being one of the most promising locations. Albania offers encouraging results of developing a thriving tourism business.
Albania has strong indicators of a huge tourism spike, with travel magazine Conde Nast seeing almost double the number of bookings in 2022 than it enjoyed in the same period in 2019.
For the Balkans in general, most people have yet to discover it, but flights and tourism infrastructure are in place, and thus there are fewer crowds.
Moreover, Greece and Albania inked a cooperation pact to improve bilateral ties, particularly in the tourism sector. Both countries promised to promote their destinations and boost the number of visitors.
Switzerland
Switzerland has been voted as the safest country in Europe, according to a report published on Gamblino.com. The study used nine variables connected to destination safety: the number of homicides, assaults, and road deaths, the risk of natural disasters, and the global peace index.
According to SchengenVisaInfo.com, the Gamblino.com survey assigned each country a score out of ten for nine key characteristics.
Moreover, the 100% Women Initiative of Switzerland Tourism — for the third year running — aims to provide more opportunities for women in outdoor spots.
2023 has been announced as the year focusing on outdoor activities, such as cycling, hiking and mountaineering to a female audience. On February 25, Xinhua reported that China has already resumed outbound group travel for tourists to 20 countries, including Hungary and Switzerland in Europe.
So far this year, the number of tourists visiting the Maldives has climbed by 25.3% over the same period last year.
As of March 4, 2023, there were 375,283 tourists who landed in the Maldives, Tourism Ministry data shows. This represents a 75,790 increase over the 299,493 tourists who visited the Maldives during the same period previous year.
Official tourism data also show that 172,499 tourists visited the Maldives in January and 177,914 in February. So far in March, 24,870 people have visited the archipelago, known for its clear emerald waters, beautiful beaches that stretch as far as the eye can see, and luxurious overwater bungalows.
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Tourism Business in Dubai - Case Study Example
- Subject: Tourism
- Type: Case Study
- Level: Ph.D.
- Pages: 7 (1750 words)
- Downloads: 1
- Author: stanfeest
Extract of sample "Tourism Business in Dubai"
United Arab Emirates (UAE) is an emerging market in the global economy. The country has prevailed from a homogenous and traditional society to a multi-cultural and modern one. Evolution has taken place from the middle of the 20th century to the beginning of the 21st century. The most populated and attractive city in the UAE is Dubai (UAE’s capital) with a population of 1,770,533. Dubai’s economy is largely dependent on tourism as a large number of tourists visit Dubai every month for both business and tourism purposes.
The tourism industry in Dubai brings a lot of opportunities for the country’s development by ensuring the flow of foreign capital into the country (Travel and Tourism, “Tourism Industry of Dubai”).Dubai is undoubtedly the best place for tourist attractions in the UAE. The focus of the research paper is on the scope of the tourism market in Dubai. Resorts are a growing concept in Dubai. Though they are rated at a higher price than that of hotels, they are becoming capable to attract tourists due to the adventurous approach.
For example, the ‘Al Maha Desert Resort’ situated in the middle of the desert with high profile luxury makes the spot very adventurousAt present, there are only 12 resorts in Dubai. Considering the large population and a huge number of tourists visiting every month, the number of resorts is less in comparison to the total number of tourists. The present resorts are rated according to stars and are priced very high. For example, ‘Habbor Grand Resort and Spa’ in Dubai charge approximately USD 120 per night which is quite high (Henderson, “Tourism in Dubai: Overcoming Barriers to Destination Development”)Considering the above tourism scenario in Dubai, a lot of scopes can be derived.
It seems that the major portion of the market is unexplored. The resorts are all targeted towards the elite class of the society with sophisticated luxury and comfort.
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Business professionals' perceptions of the future of business tourism in abu dhabi, the tourism industry of dubai, business tourism in abu dhabi, the tourism industry, in dubai and turkey, economics and tourism industry in uae, tourism in dubai, urban tourism, tourism management.
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Dubai Case Study
Show More Mariah Norris Edward Joffe Intro to Hospitality 21 November 2016 Doing Business Overseas Recommendation: The hotel chain HomeAway, a brand new state-of-the-art resort, is looking for a new destination. The hotel corporation believes in blending in the city’s culture with the ambiance of the hotel and bringing guests in from all over the world to experience it. HomeAway wants their guests to immerse themselves in a new culture and make it home. To truly live in a destination, not just visit. This concept is hitting home runs all over. The next destination to be is Dubai . Attraction to city: “Dubai’s position as a regional commercial hub supports world-class trade exhibitions and conferences, presenting venues for American firms to reach buyers …show more content… “As a leader of gender equality in economics, government, education and health, the UAE has been named one of the region’s pioneer” (Women in the UAE). There are parts of the Middle East that have huge discrimination problems, however women in Dubai hold government positions. The state legislations in the UAE do not discriminate on the basis of gender with respect to education or employment. Currency Issues: The UAE has a currency known as dirham. Because of the strong international influence in Dubai, there is a common ground with the US dollar. 1 U.S. dollar = 3.6725 dirhams. It is “All banknotes are issued by the UAE Central Bank and are printed in English on one side, and Arabic on the other” (Punnet). Larger shopping malls and dining now accept US dollars and also have money changers. Economic Environment: United States already has an established economic relationship with UAE. “The United States provides Export and Border Security assistance to the UAE” ( United Arab Emirates ). Much of the economic environment comes from their strong foundation of vast oil and gas prosperity. The UAE also acts as the headquarters for international business in the Middle East. The US and the UAE share similar values on international economic growth and are therefore are a key partner for many …show more content… The Atlantis Palm has been a big hit all around the world. However, I think that a desert safari type hotel would be a peaceful change of pace and become the perfect rival for the Atlantis Palm which is located on the peninsula of the city and has a typical beach central focus. The main districts in Dubai are Al Quoz, Jumeirah, The Creek, Downtown Dubai, and the Marina. Al Quoz is where heavy industry sits alongside high art. The Creek is the cultural heart of the city and the place to experience Old Dubai. Downtown Dubai is a stylish and cosmopolitan place to relax and unwind. The Marina is a great place to eat, drink and shop, all at the waters edge. Lastly the Jumeirah is a café culture where Dubai residents spend time. This type of scenery will place focus on the culture of United Arab Emirates. Its not just another beach resort. A competitive advantage over the Atlantis Palm would be the residents in the Jumeirah area sharing their lifestyle with the
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Creating Resilient and Inclusive Communities: A Case Study of the Sustainable City, Dubai
By sadaf ghalib, april 5, 2021.
As an Architect I have always been fascinated and intrigued by the sheer simplicity of design, how it can weave form and function together seamlessly, coexisting with multiple dimensions of complexities. The dynamism of the urban fabric and a quest for creating ‘livable cities’ has certainly challenged designers and master planners alike, especially considering the macro scale of development as well as focus on resilience in the face of impending climate change. With a discernible increase in the occurrence of extreme weather conditions such as intensified heatwaves, droughts, cyclones, and blizzards along with a rise in overall temperatures and irreversible damage to ecosystems, climate change has most certainly revealed how vulnerable the human population actually is.
According to the statistics presented by the United Nations Development Program, in the year 2018, 4.2 billion or 55% of the world’s population was living in cities. With urban population expected to surge to 6.5 billion by 2050, it is evident that a substantial amount of resources shall be required to cater to their basic needs, including infrastructure, energy, clean water, healthy living areas, and optimum recreational spaces. Natural resources are limited and therefore inadequate to accommodate a rising population. This has propelled accelerated urbanization wherein governments are taking action to embrace sustainability as a key aspect in planning future city models.
As cities and communities inch towards attaining the UN Sustainable Development Goals, specifically number 11 to make human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable, the bid to balance the social, economic, and environmental aspects is conspicuous. There are clearly defined targets and indicators within this critical goal, including establishing safe and affordable housing, investing in public transit systems, creating inclusive urban spaces, protecting natural and cultural heritage, minimizing the impacts of natural catastrophes, mitigating the environmental impact caused by cities, and providing access to safe, healthy and green public spaces for all inhabitants.
Located in Asia at the eastern end of the Arabian Peninsula, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has an arid climate, characterized by very hot, humid summers with temperatures reaching over 50 degrees Celsius for a majority of the year, and annual precipitation below 100mm. While the country is well adapted to these conditions, climate projections reveal the occurrence of extreme conditions that are expected to impose overwhelming stress on the environment with a sharp rise in temperature and humidity levels, prolonged summers, water scarcity, more intense rainfall, rise in sea levels, and an increased likelihood and scale of extreme weather events such as storms. Profoundly responsive to the great extent of damage that climate change could cause, as well as the role which fossil fuel-based economies are playing in exacerbating this threat, UAE has been a front runner in the paradigm shift towards diversifying its economy and encouraging a more sustainable model of development. Several of the country’s key development initiatives are aligned with Vision 2030 which aims to build an innovative, inclusive and resilient economy, focuses on environmental protection whilst embedding sustainability in the core of all businesses.
To achieve an equilibrium amongst the three pillars of sustainability i.e. social equity, economic viability, and environmental protection, the UAE government is incorporating a holistic approach by investing in developing “smart, sustainable cities” that have less of an impact on the environment through passive design, intelligent utilization of raw materials, energy efficiency, water conservation, locally available food, inclusive public transport options as well as open spaces for all residents.
Case Study- The Sustainable City, Dubai
A city transformed from a quaint fishing village and trading port to one reliant on oil production and real estate, Dubai is now at the crux of changing the narrative to portray itself as a city with a comparatively lower carbon footprint per capita by the year 2050 (UN Development Report 2003). It is an ambitious goal for a city that relies on automobiles for transportation, food imported from overseas, uses energy-intensive process for desalination, and utilizes extensive air conditioning to cool built structures for a majority of the year, 24*7.
To counter these challenges and pave the way for more eco-friendly construction within the Emirate and the GCC region, Dubai is consolidating efforts towards achieving the objectives outlined within its Plan 2030 by investing in resilient communities. A peculiar example is The Sustainable City is the first operational net zero energy city in wherein the three pillars of sustainability- ‘people, planet and profit’ that are targeted through intelligent planning and design as well as viable implementation methodologies. While social sustainability is achieved through several intra-city amenities, outreach programs, spaces for assembly encouraging community cohesion, environmental sustainability is accomplished through active and passive design strategies, establishing spaces for local produce and economic sustainability is facilitated by focusing on operational efficiencies whilst passing on the monetary savings to residents.
Fig 1. Master Plan
Residential Clusters
Each residential cluster consists of different typologies of living spaces making them inclusive for all. Solar panels are installed on the rooftops of all the villas to provide energy for use within. Additional PV panels are installed over the shaded carparks which are capable of producing 3MW of energy, sufficient to power street lighting, electric vehicle charging stations, greywater treatment plant as well as the urban farm, thereby helping the City achieve ‘net-zero energy status.
There is a 30-meter wide tree belt or a buffer zone on the periphery of the City consisting of approximately 2500 trees of an average 10m height, thereby improving the microclimate through purifying the air, creating a comfortable breeze, and minimizing the entry of dust and pollutants whilst also reducing the noise pollution from adjacent areas and roads.
The Sustainable City provides pedestrians adequate spaces for walking, jogging, and cycling thereby supporting and encouraging an active lifestyle with minimal reliance on automobiles. In addition, electric-powered buggies and shuttles are available to make transit within the city convenient, and residents can access all facilities without the need to walk long in the sun or drive themselves.
Urban farming
The residents have access to an urban farm and outdoor permaculture gardens which run the length of the City, promoting the accessibility of open areas and a sense of community. Spread over 3000 square meters, 11 greenhouses are set up within this farm to make conducive environments for growing a variety of fresh produce throughout the year, decreasing reliance on imported food. The ‘green spine’ uses recycled greywater from the villas which are treated in an underground treatment facility within the site.
Apart from promoting local organic produce within the City itself and reducing the emissions from freight, urban farming also reduces wastage arising from long transit hours, improper storage, and spoilage.
Community Facilities
There are several community facilities provided on-site such as an equestrian center, parks and gardens, place of worship, innovation center, mixed-use space, retail outlets, schools, and a visitor center. Such spaces are essential for the social fabric and establish connections as a part of social sustainability.
The UAE is truly pushing the boundaries of innovation to adhere to its commitment to UN’s SDGs by encouraging pilot projects such as the Sustainable City in a bid to attract investment and diversify its economy for the long haul. Having said that, it is imperative that the country captures its energy requirements from natural resources especially solar power, and expedite its switch to renewables. Even with an arid climate, extreme weather conditions, scarcity of water, and energy-intensive buildings; if the UAE can make strides towards transforming into a green oasis – other cities can certainly derive inspiration from this unique yet powerful change.
- UNSDG Goal # 11- Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable ( https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/cities/ )
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_Development_Goal_11
- https://www.globalgoals.org/11-sustainable-cities-and-communities
- Sustainable City, Dubai data ( https://www.thesustainablecity.ae/inside-the-city/ )
- https://www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/SDP15/SDP15083FU1.pdf
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Dubai Tourism Case Study
Chapter 1: Introduction Introduction Background Dubai Tourism Dubai is one of the most important cities in the Middle East area. Dubai maintains an enormous level of independence from the United Arab Emirates when it moves toward broad conclusion making the city to expand and grow. The construction industry has a substantial and essential role in the tourism sector of Dubai , it has verified a potential capacity to conquer the challenges faced by the tourism industry and has established itself a power in the industry with a very high growth rate. Thus, this makes Dubai an attractive example of an active and successful Middle East centre for tourism that is creating new and more chances of opportunities and realizing its full prospective. This …show more content…
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the topic of research is important as they would identify and grasp the impacts of the developed attractions and how they promote the tourism sector in dubai and even on the united arab emirates residents.
- Analyzes the developed attractions and how much it attracted people from different countries.
- Explains that dubai maintains an enormous level of independence from the united arab emirates when it moves toward broad conclusion making the city to expand and grow.
- Explains that dubai is the second main emirate of the seven united arab emirates and has the biggest population over 2.1 million citizens.
- Explains that mixed method research is the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. the study area took place in dubai.
- Explains the limitations of the research paper, such as the participants may not respond to the questions correctly or truthfully and not everyone can answer those questions or have the knowledge related to this topic.
It is modern and very up to date, so it makes sense and has become the background of a well-built visual arts view or sight. Large artworks making strong statements entirely reflected the spirit and the strength of the city. Dubai is maturing from a place of celebration and excess to consideration and self awareness. Kumar, B. assumed in an article that Dubai promotes itself as the commercial and economic focal point of the Gulf region which is obvious from the plans undertaken to develop open trade regions and manufacturing parks. Dubai is seen as a moderately liberal and international society with 80 % emigrant population and can count on as being one of the safest cities in the globe. The Government has a key role in starting and supporting tourism and with respect to the tourism policy of the government; tourism was positioned at the centre of the diversification program beside construction. The pull factors are the tangible things that draw the tourists to the destination. This include improved in the standard of living, availability of services, better health care, quality of education, no social obligations, varied employment opportunities, higher wages and future prospects
- explanatory
- argumentative
- comparative
- Explains that burj khalifa is the world's tallest night january 1 new year celebrations, where the starting point for the fireworks and dancing dubai fountain.
- Explains that dubai offers a wide range of hotels to suit all tastes and budgets, ranging from seven-star hotels and luxury glittering and most expensive in the world, right down to the hotels that are accessible to everyone.
- Explains atlantis the palm hotel is located at the head of the palm in the most recent and you can access it by car or subway.
- Explains that emirates towers hotel occupies an area of 17 hectares of lush gardens and artificial lakes, waterfalls and seating, in addition to the position of room for the 1800 car was designed to meet the need of modern business to those who are in the movement permanently.
- Describes the main artery up the city of dubai in the capital abu dhabi and jebel ali zone passes, this street condense around skyscrapers kvnadeg both five-star and commercial complexes and residential apartments.
- Explains that sword street is located along the dubai creek where the market will be held on the temporary containing stereoscopic shows many countries are sold inside some of the exhibits for each country of antiques and artifacts.
- Explains that jumeirah is a city built on the old arab fort and has the character of luxury and ornamentation arab.
- Explains that the global village is a great festival that contains dozens of wings for many countries of the world, as more and more countries from all continents have established all state building its own architectural style prevalent in, and inside each
- Explains that the hyatt regency is located near garhoud bridge and to attract lovers of water slides and games, rail and high rubber boats colliding with each other and skill games.
- Explains that tourist service companies fly freely during the day and at night. the ideal time for such trips is the sunset.
- Describes boom tourist village as a heritage village and the restaurants overlooking the sea.
- Explains that el pato glass composite includes the trip with dinner, bots stately and wonderful journey and there in bur dubai. ship opens its doors at 20:00 and back in the eleventh.
- Explains that a bus roaming in dubai is distinctive in buses with the presence explain directly to the landmarks in english or listen to audio recording found with 8 languages including arabic. there are two lines for the trip the red line to get to know the old dubai and the blue line
- Explains that the project aims to alleviate traffic congestion and reduce the time spent during transport mobility, which would reduce time and effort on the tourist and resident in the emirate.
- Explains that visitors can admire dubai city from the top of dubai during the world trade center.
- Explains that dubai offers opportunities to enjoy wonderful evenings in restaurants, clubs and cafes, hotels and other tourist amusements. the bustling emirate restaurants varied between arab (moroccan, lebanese, syrian and egyptian) and the italian, indian, mexican and filipino.
- Explains that jumeirah mosque is one of the finest examples of islamic architecture and modern.
- Explains that dubai has a number of museums and archaeological sites such as the dubai museum and al fahidi fort and the house of sheikh saeed al maktoum.
- Explains that dubai is the economically active tourist paradise and unique for each of his choice and his hand in the christmas holidays and new year.
- Explains that burj al arab is one of the finest hotels in the world and features a beautiful view of jumeirah area of tourism.
- Explains that dubai marina walk is one of the coolest areas in dubai, which is a walkway directly on the sea contains many unique shops and restaurants along the 7 kilometers and an area of 800 thousand feet.
- Explains that dubai's beaches characterized by good organization and cleanliness where the custom path for bicycles and another to walk free and the availability of places for bathing along the beach for free.
- Explains that wild wadi is a water amusement park and water park unique in terms of design.
- Describes the tour of dubai's most prominent areas on land and at sea. tourists can enjoy in dubai to exercise a number of sports including archery, kayaking, sailing trips and fishing.
- Explains the free trip river boat arabi made of wood and the duration of the trip one hour in the dubai creek with note the presence of an audio recording.
- Opines that growth in the travel industry is crucial to the future of communities, local lifestyles and cultures, and the natural environment.
- Opines that development and tourism, especially ecotourism, must be safe and sustainable, environmentally, economically, politically, and culturally.
- Explains that ecotourism is tourism that focuses on experiencing and learning about the nonhuman and human aspects of a place while critically examining the effects of one’s individual actions.
- Explains that cancun is the second-largest city on the peninsula, with a population of 455,000. the town of puerto morelos is quieter, while akumal is home to the eco-research center.
- Opines that transporting large numbers of people down to cancun and the carribean riviera to support the tourist industry is taxing on the environment.
- Opines that airports should be designed and maintained in environmentally conscious ways, such as minimising land use while maximizing available land resources and avoiding damage to mangroves.
- Explains that snorkeling and diving are the most popular form of ecotourism in the mayan riviera, which boasts the world’s second longest reef and multiple species of sea turtles.
- Explains that each person that snorkels around the reef increases the chance of an accidental touching occurs (subsequently damaging it and potential reef-death).
- Explains that there are many approaches to protect the reef ecosystems from the overwhelming tourist threat to survival.
- Explains that inland from the ocean and reef area, the majority of the beaches have become dominated by hotels and resorts.
- Explains that puerto morelos' cea and a woman named dinah drago are working to increase the use of composting toilets for residences and grey-water wetlands for larger scale resorts.
- Argues that environmental regulation could reduce the amount of water pollution in mexico. jungle tours, with fun-looking blonde girls on the advertisements, involves driving single occupancy atvs through the jungle.
- Describes xcaret, a 1,980 foot long ecopark that features numerous environmental attractions of the mayan riviera.
- Explains that ecoparks like xcaret impart information on mayan culture, information about the environment, and work with schools and conservation programs.
- Opines that the increase in tourism is directly attributable to the spring breakers who come just to drink and party. in puerto morelos colonia, 1200 new houses are being built in a single development.
- Opines that tourism in mexico can negatively impact the natural environment of quintana roo. the question of growth is likely already settled, but the kind and extent of it are still open to revision and redirection.
- Opines that tourists must recognize their contribution to the development of the carribean coast, which has created jobs and other positive economic factors, while also threatening ecosystems and cultures.
- Explains that tourism is the movement of people to other places for business or leisure purposes as well as covers their activities. many countries have been improving tourism to overcome economic difficulties.
- Explains that tourism has a substantial impact on the infrastructure of tourist receiving countries. the increase in hard and soft infrastructure is an important factor of economic growth.
- Explains that tourism's positive impact on the economy can be measured by the creation of job opportunities.
- Analyzes how tourism contributes to economic development by generating income through selling souvenirs and handcrafts, and imposing taxes on goods and services.
- Concludes that tourism's positive impact on the economy of tourist destination countries is significant and the industry is a primary part of economic advancement.
- Recommends taking an evening tour in dubai to enjoy the city's glamorous and glittering side.
- Explains that wafi mall is an architectural wonder with intricate designs, carvings, and sculptures. light and sound shows are designed with the ancient pharaoh theme.
- Explains that the jumeirah lake towers is a lively waterfront community with high-rise towers, hotels, retail outlets, offices, and leisure outlets.
- Explains that the dubai desert can be enjoyed from morning till night, with dune bashing, hot-air ballooning, and sandboarding, but in the evening, the desert wakes up to a totally different world.
- Recommends visiting dubai if one wants to see how culture and modernity gel together in a harmonious manner.
- Describes the dubai fountain as the largest fountain in the world and the most spectacular one.
- Explains that dubai marina is the heart of the city, where opulence and luxury co-exist in their prime.
- Explains that most of the gulf countries have an inadequacy of natural attractions, their arrangement of administration is practically indistinguishable and their tactics of diversification are pretty much identical.
- Explains that the dtcm launched a new brand identity of ‘visit dubai’ in 2014 with the slogan ‘discover all that’s possible.’
- Explains that dubai is one of the best known cases of a city brand that has set up itself while riding the floods of globalization.
- Explains that the brand identity and image of the dubai tourism board must be linked to the consumer's mindset.
- Explains the bering strait theory, which is the idea that the 1st people of america crossed to alaska from siberia.
- Explains that the renaissance was a period in the 1400s and was when classics like art, writings, and learning were renewed. trade symbolized the switch from medieval to modern living.
- Explains that gutenberg was a skilled blacksmith and painter. he invented the printing press and introduced the movable printer that started the printing revolution.
- Explains that prince henry the navigator led portuguese to sail into the atlantic, believed in christianity, and took down muslim trade. he never went on any of the sail trips.
- Explains that christopher columbus was an italian, although he sailed for spain. he wanted a way to china going the opposite way around and ended up in america.
- Explains that the columbian exchange was a time period where europeans brought many things to america, including weapons, animals, and food. native americans gave turkeys, beans, peanuts.
- Describes how hernan cortes conquered the aztecs and gained power over tenochtitlan. missionaries were people whose main goal was to convert and spread christianity to the native americans in america.
- Explains that pope led the pueblo revolt in 1680, which destroyed spanish farms and put back their culture. jamestown was one of the first successful settlements created by the virginia company.
- Describes john smith as a captain who came to jamestown and forced them to farm and give up looking for gold. he also set up trade with chief powhattan and other native american tribes.
- Explains that puritans were people who lived in england and wanted no part of the catholic religion. they believed that by doing good works you could get to heaven rather than praying and going to church.
- Explains that the mayflower compact was signed within the pilgrim colonies. the salem witch trials was a crisis in the winter of 1691-1692.
- Explains that push factors are different situations that motivated people to leave their home countries, such as war in the country, famine and drought, and fear politically.
- Explains that "pull factors" are things people say that attract or influence people to come and leave their old county.
- Explains that quakers were christians, but didn't believe in violence. they were respectful of women, had no clergy, and believed that good works could lead to heaven.
- Describes the triangular trade in which slave traders came from europe all the way to africa where they manufactured goods for africans. the passage shippers took the african slaves they had collected from their trading to the american colonies.
- Explains that anne hutchinson spoke out against religious freedom and was banned from the colony in massachusetts bay after her trial.
- Explains that phyllis wheatley was the first african american to write and publish a book (poems). she was captured but her owners allowed her to learn.
- Explains how the native americans' lives were affected by the european colonies in many ways. they were taken and made slaves and forced to mine and many other hard tasks.
- Explains that the renaissance led to european exploration because people became more educated and interested in trade, unlike in previous years. the compass and the astrolabe also came about during this time.
- Explains that native americans resisted european colonization first by ignoring them and trying to escape into the hills. but when they did this they were caught and punished for their actions.
- Explains that religion influenced colonization of americas because spain thought all indians were wrong in belief. europeans sent catholic priests to america to try and convert them.
- Explains that jamestown became a successful place because of captain john smith. before he came, the people were starving and only were looking for gold.
- Explains that the land surrounding the colonies was good for growing crops, and john rolfe taught the colonists to grow tobacco, which had large sums of money. the land was filled with forests and hills with short growing seasons.
- Explains that slavery became an important part of the southern cities because of farming. the south had huge plantations and this called for many workers.
- Opines that christopher columbus should have a day because it shows the honorable things he did and recognizes the terrible things by talking about them.
- Opines that the ugly side of the city is full of poverty, crime, and reality.
- Explains how the primary and secondary elements of urban tourism can determine the effect of tourism on cities.
- Explains that city marketing is to market the city to the world by reflecting a positive reputation that differs from the real city conditions.
- Explains that many cities have succeeded in establishing a symbolic structure for their identities, such as the bilbao effect.
- Explains that tourism has the value in both revenue and image that cities expect to gain. beijing olympics offered china a chance to use its cultural and historical legacy to attract people who would not normally come to china.
- Analyzes how houston, and sydney opera house all play a big role in marketing their cities to attract tourists to visit. urban tourism refers to the consumption of city spectacles and cultural amenities by visitors.
- Explains that burj khalifa is the world's tallest building. it is made up of concrete, which can withstand all weather conditions.
- Explains the design of the burj khalifa, which entails a triple-lobed footprint and an intellection of hymenomallis flower.
- Explains that several wind tests were conducted on the burj khalifa tower so that the effect of the wind would be examined by the occupants.
- Explains that the floors 45 and 108 are private parts for ultra-luxury dwellings. the towers have been divided into parts containing sky lobbies on 43.73 and
- Explains that the interior parts of the burj khalifa entail the parts designated by the chicago office of skidmore and the owings.
- Estimates that over 1000 pieces of art were imported from the middles east and used in building the burj khalifa.
- Explains that burj khalifa is a mixed-use development that includes 30,000 homes and 9 hotels. many people can settle and live in the tower while they spend their vacation times.
- Explains that burj khalifa enhances travel and culture embracement since the people visiting the tower witness the various types of cultural designs brought from all over the world.
- Explains that the burj khalifa is the world's tallest building and demonstrates a living wonder.
- Explains that the government decision to build burj khalifa was to explore its functions from oil-based economy to an economy that is tourist-motivated.
- Explains that a 27-acre part of land is estimated to border burj khalifa formulated by the architects of the swa group.
- Explains that the parks of burj khalifa are covered by greenery and water surfaces that serve as entrance means to the tower and the outdoor.
- Explains that the tower structure and pedestrian trails link the residential, grand terrace and the hotel entry. the area welcomes visitors to enjoy their residence in the burg khalifa.
- Explains that engineers conducted several test on climate and the general conditions of the burj khalifa to ensure efficiency. they realized the loose ends and managed to tighten them up.
- Explains that burj khalifa is the current world tallest building because it is a main site for attraction to the tourist.
- Explains that the burj khalifa tower has enhanced a huge number of investors to the country and has increased the economic level of the nation.
- Explains that a change in the type of design increased the cost incurred in maintaining and construction of the burj khalifa.
- Explains that electrical problems have interfered with the operation of the burj khalifa since the speculation proves that the electrical issues caused failure of elevators.
- Explains that the world's tallest building in dubai burj khalifa was delayed for four months on completion because they did not want to compromise any feature of quality.
- Concludes that burj khalifa achieved the success of being the tallest building in the world due to the highest tower build in metropolitan part of the city.
- Explains that there are so many issues and problems associated with the tourism industry found in mersing.
- Explains that there are many types of tourism in mersing such as islands, beaches, educational and sport recreational area. the tourism products are considered ineffective because lack of promotion by local people.
- Explains that people do not realize the benefit of tourism to the local economics because they don't expose with the potential of the tourism area and the opportunities in mersing.
- Explains that mersing receives most tourists and passengers from local people and foreigners every weekend. however, many sellers do not use the opportunity to attract tourists by doing a less of promotions by selling their product.
- Explains that there are no activities or program in travel tour packages as tourism attraction in mersing. there is no tourism hot spots or entertainment in the town.
- Aims to study the contribution of local tourism on rural economic in mersing to enhance the potential of rural tourism activities to the local communities economy.
- Aims to determine issues and problem on their attraction of activities that provided on this tourism product.
- Aims to determine the economic profile of mersing's study area in terms of employment and income.
- Analyzes the level of effectiveness on tourism attraction in terms of the promotion, management and contribution by villagers.
- Suggests the new potential in rural tourism toward the economy of rural population of mersing.
- Explains that there are several methods used in this study to obtain information. the study is divided into six stages.
- Explains that at this early stage, researchers need to understand the issues and problems found in the study area.
- Explains that the literature review is conducted to understand the study made more detailed and comprehensive.
- Explains that visitor questionnaire survey and local authority data are importing to getting data. the respondents are tourists, local people, and entrepreneurs.
- Explains that the information collected will be sorted according to needs and interests of the data. the data will carry out in swot analysis to determine the finding of this study.
- Explains that the findings will be obtained from analysis performed to determine socioeconomic effect towards tourism planning n rural area.
- Explains that the overall outcome research in stacking and adjusted. all the results of the analysis, findings, comments and brazenly people many will be the basis in formulating its recommendations.
- Explains that significant studies will determine what student will achieve for their study. the input that will find out after make the studies.
- Aims to increase consumer awareness, understanding and enjoyment of the products and experiences available in rural areas.
- Aims to encourage rural communities and economies to take ownership for the development, management, protection and conservation of rural assets and locations.
- Explains that the study of the matter is complex and requires detailed operational research.
- Concludes the chapter on the real purpose of the study, supported by more detailed explanations related to the objectives and scope of study outlined.
- Explains the literature reviews related to the subject of study. the reading and understanding of concepts, theories and previous research study will guide the direction of research to meet the specified scope.
- Opines that business that those involved in supplying product or service in tourism industry beside fulfil tourist's request.
- Explains that the government regulates tourism and collects income through taxes from tourist arrival or those involved in this industry.
- Refers to the character of the area a tourist destination from davidson and maitland (1997) by hall (2000) composed of several characters.
- Describes the economic and social activities that complement the needs of tourism or involving conflicts of interest on the tour.
- Explains that there are several types of tourism that become pillar increase malaysia's name. this is because tourism industry growth is exponential and can boost national economy and community income.
- Explains that mice tourism is tourist's delegation which attends a conference, incentive, convention, and exhibition held in malaysia. this tourism activity needs to be promoted aggressively as metropolitan cities like kuala lumpur can offer place that attractive and suitable to organised it.
- Explains that one of the first definitions of ecotourism was made in 1983 by the mexican architect hector ceballos lascurain.
- Explains humaira irshad's definition of rural tourism, which includes the variety of attractions and activities in agricultural and rural area. it is important characteristics include the big of space, low levels of tourism development and opportunities for visitors in directly experience rural environment.
- Explains that rural life, art, cultural and heritage are also the characteristics of rural tourism. tourism in rural areas will give benefits to local communities.
- Opines that tourism industry is the second largest of industry in malaysia, and that mersing needs to develop its tourism sector to attract tourists to johor.
- Explains the definition of rural area based on http://www.bbc.co.uk (2014). rural area is an area that is not fully exploited by development.
- Explains that rural areas can be classified according to how accessible they are to the urban areas. the diagram below shows this.
- Explains that rural tourism involves agriculture, culture, natural resources, adventure and eco-tourism, according to keane's book "tourism strategies and rural development".
- Explains that rural tourism contributes to social, cultural, economy, and environment.
- Explains that economics is a social system that includes the issue of production, distribution and consumption of goods such as services. sociologists want to know the economic system are related with all other segments of society.
- Explains that research by amran hamzah (2004) shows that tourism industry policy in malaysia implication of malaysia tourism strategies and policies on tourism area and regional cooperation. its application was intended to ensure the extent of the achievement and implementation of policies in the direction of planning to be implemented.
- Explains that the country's five year economic plans cover tourism development in relation to other economic sectors.
- Explains that tourism only came into prominence in the sixth malaysia plan (1991 – 1995) which recognised the country’s ‘image/identity problem’ and subsequently recommended.
- Explains that the seventh malaysia plan (1996) also recommended that nature-based tourism which includes eco and agro tourism that projects the country’s tropical climate and terrain will also be developed and promoted.
- Explains the eight malaysia plan's expansion of international access in new strategic tourist markets as well as to promote the kuala lumpur international airport (klia) as a regional hub.
- Explains that in 1992 the federal government prepared the national tourism policy study (ntps) which recommended broad policies for the planning, development, and marketing of tourism.
- Opines that malaysia's promotion of malaysia as a shopping destination is the only major addition to the policies recommended by the ntps.
- Explains that the national ecotourism plan contains strategies and guidelines for the development and management of ecotourism in malaysia, based on sustainability principles.
- States that the strategic vision for rural tourism, according to the rtmp document, is to create a ‘new brand of tourist experience for visitors, particularly long stay/high spend visitors.
- Explains that tourism provides opportunities for visitors to visit rural areas and rural attractions, and to experience the culture and heritage of malaysia, thereby providing socioeconomic benefits for local communities.
- Opines that the second national tourism policy (sntp) is in the final stage of completion, and that intra-region cooperation is seen as a major course of action in increasing tourism receipts.
- Explains that mocat/mot has provided the overall framework and direction for tourism product development since 1992, coinciding with the advent of ‘big time tourism’ in malaysia.
- Explains that tourism is the journey of people to destinations outside of their normal places of work and residence area. tourism provides a good potential economic impact to the national economy.
- Explains that tourism has increased income and job opportunities for many countries. mersing is the "tourism city" that act as transit for tioman island.
- Explains that tourism is a temporary movement that does by human to other destinations outside workplace and accommodation for physical and mental relaxation.
- Explains that tourism is a social, cultural, and economic phenomenon that entails the movement of people to countries or places outside their usual environment for personal or business purpose.
- Explains that tourism contributes to economic growth, investment, and employment in malaysia. the economic and social impact of tourism is astounding.
- Explains that trade links with china, india, arab and sumatra in the 13th century through a system already exists.
- Explains that malaysia is a center of educational excellence in the asia pacific region. education tourism is not created for education purpose only, but it is also will attract tourist.
- Explains that tugu negara is the interesting place that has the history is distinctive. foreign tourists admire historical value that still sustain.
- Explains that malaysia has many medical hospital choice regardless of government hospital or private hospital.
- Explains that malaysia has many types of sports and recreation made as tourism product, such as formula 1 and dunia grand prix motorcycle.
- Explains that agro-tourism has gained the popularity in malaysia because it offers tourists various activities related to the agricultural sector.
- Explains that rural tourism is a complex and intricate issue. it involves different activities in different countries, each with its own environment and culture.
- Explains that the european commission's towards quality rural tourism (2011) defines rural tourism as both old and new.
- Explains malaysia's efforts in developing and promoting its tourism products have produced impressive results. the first quarter of 2009 showed a positive growth of 2.2% in tourist arrivals.
- Argues that rural tourism development requires that close knit community adapt to the incursion of capitalism in the expansion of tourism, where family independence, traditional values and cultural traditions may be adversely affected.
- Argues that rural tourism has been a successful area for research among social scientists. butler and clark acknowledge that tourism in rural areas is not necessarily the magic solution to rural development.
- Explains that tourism in rural context displays many features of the symbolic relationship between tourism and the environment. primary producers and rural communities have increasingly turned to tourism as an alternative means of achieving sustainable economic growth and development.
- Explains that rural development is the process of improving the quality of life and economic well-being of people living in relatively isolated and sparsely populated areas.
- Explains that rural communities should be willing to develop their own project and cooperate with other stakeholder for the development of rural tourism.
- Describes the background of the study area and the major settlement exist in mersing, a district located on the east coast of peninsular malaysia state of johor.
- Explains that mersing's development has always been based in agriculture, through land schemes like federal land development authority (felda) and rubber industry smallholders development (risda).
- Explains that in figure 5, 44% of the tourists come to dubai.
- Describes the number of days people work in a week.
- Opines that people can choose where and when they go for the day or for longer periods of time.
- Explains the area graph showing annual vehicle miles of travel from 1960 to 2000, for total, urban, and rural areas.
- Explains that now people have more time and are able to afford to take long or short trips.
- Explains that in chapter 2, they plan on how they will collect their information.
- Explains that they have forgotten to put in two sections for me to fill in.
- Opines that they will not be able to deeply analyze their data.
- Opines that asking where the tourist comes from is not what they want to know.
- Opines that they should make a range of answers for the tourist to select from.
- Opines that it is not a relevant question. it can only be asked if the tourist is.
- Explains that they will put the questions in text boxes so it is easier for them to answer.
- Opines that it is important for them to know if the person they are asking is a tourist.
- Explains that this question is useful as it is linked to hypothesis 1 and 2.
- Opines that they need to ask the reasons that the tourist came to dubai in order for them to understand.
- Opines that they would have preferred to be in the uae at a different time of year.
- Opines that tourists come in this time of the year for the weather as it is too.
- Opines that they need to ask the tourists first if they went to the beach.
- Describes their rule of interviewing every fifth interview.
- Narrates how they went to the creek at 4pm and found a lot of questions.
- Opines that it was very crowded and tourists were in a hurry so they didn't manage to get there.
- Opines that some tourists only new a little bit of english and it was hard for them.
- Explains that they have chosen to make the diagram in figure 24 because it is a very summary:
- Opines that 17 out of the 50 tourists were from far east asia and only 12 tourists.
- Explains that if you look back at figure 4 you can that the beaches in dubai.
- Opines that if the weather is nice, it would be ideal to go to the beach.
- Opines that if we look at april from a different angle we will see that april is not.
- Opines that if we assume that it is due to another period of the year, it will come in a different period.
- Explains that the graph they chose to use is a compound bar graph.
- Opines that if a tourist goes to the beach, he will find that it's empty.
- Opines that the data backs up half of hypothesis 2. this data has not helped them to prove if hypothesis 2 is true.
- Compares dubai for 8 to 14 days and in north america 50% of the tourists stayed.
- Explains that 32% of the tourists were in dubai for 8 to 14 days, while only 19% were there.
- Explains the reason why they have these results is because it links to their figure 7.
- Explains that if i link figure 30 with figure 7, then i can analyze the data more.
- Opines that they would like their data to be clearer.
- Explains that they have chosen to make the diagram in figure 31 to gather a lot of information.
- Opines that 12,000km to 15,000km pay a high price of aed 4000 to 5000 for the distance.
- Explains that this data links to figure 7.
- Explains how they used the data in figure 7 into their map and it helped them a lot.
- Explains that they're not able to identify if a person is tourist and this affects them.
- Explains that they couldn't carry out their survey where ever they wanted because they had to.
- Explains that in the u.a.e the weather is nice all year round, except in july and august.
- Opines that time of the year can be a bit too hot for tourists to be outdoors. they guessed that they would find more of them indoors.
- Explains that they went to ghurair mall at 12 pm on a thursday because this is the weekend and it is where they would most likely find tourists.
- Explains that europe is an expensive place to live in or to go on holiday.
- Explains that the graph that they have chosen to use in figure 25 is a choropleth map.
- Explains that they have chosen to use a radial diagram because they are good for showing ranges.
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Dubai was one of the first countries to fully reopen after the first global wave of Covid-19 cases. KARIM SAHIB/AFP via Getty Images Last month, the United Arab Emirates saw cases rise by 80,000...
Dubai, an emirate of the UAE in the Middle East has been chosen as a case study to explain some elements of successful destination branding. This paper aims to apply a framework developed by Balakrishnan to explain areas of caution when competing in an international market where success is also partially dependent on the macro‐environment.
Tourism development in Dubai has drawn a significant academic attraction (Junemo 2004;Go 2005, 2009;Henderson 2006aHenderson , 2006bBagaeen 2007; Sharpley 2008; Yeoman 2008;Stephenson and...
For centuries Dubai was a fishing village and trading port, small and poor. Then oil and a wild real estate boom transformed it into a city that sports the world's tallest building, one of its...
Since 1982, Dubai continued to be one of the fastest growing destinations for tourists. In 2002, visitors were mainly from other Gulf Cooperation Council members which accounted for 34% of tourists, South Asia accounted for 25%, other Arab states 16%, Europe 15%, and Africa 9%.
The Story: Dubai Tourism is the principal authority for the planning, supervision, development and marketing of Dubai's tourism sector. They market and promote the emirate's commerce sector and have the goal to reach 23-25 million visitors per year by 2025.
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Dubai is one of the seven _____ of the UAE., It is located on the southern shore of the _____ gulf., Dubai is a densely populated area , but the outer areas is a _____ populated desert area. and more. ... Dubai Tourism Case Study. Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Flashcards. Learn ...
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 120 airlines fly there, 1960, 1966 and more. ... Study sets, textbooks, questions. Log in. Sign up. Upgrade to remove ads. Only $35.99/year. Dubai- tourism case study. Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Flashcards. Learn. Test. Match. Created by. Catherine_Nolan62. Terms in this set ...
The paper will use the city of Dubai as a case study and looks the emergence of a new condition dependant on consumerism: on tourism and shopping and the end of public space. On one hand millions of tourists, like contemporary nomads flood the city only looking for familiarity: they want to feel at
Large investments made because of high tourism revenues in touristic destinations can threaten balanced growth, ecological sensitivity and sustainable tourism principles. To raise awareness of this situation and draw attention to unsustainable tourism approaches, this study is presented with the situation approach method. The main purpose of this research is to determine the negative effects ...
This study explores the concept of shopping in Dubai tourism and identifies the perceived important characteristics of Dubai as a shopping destination, as well as tracing the factors or the...
Abstract. This study explores shopping tourism with a special focus on the concept of luxury shopping in Dubai from the perspective of the consuming tourists. The study assesses the differences in the perceived importance of luxury shopping venues in Dubai as well as the perceived characteristics of luxury products in Dubai retail.
The emirate selected for the case study is Dubai. UAE which is known as Business Hub and fascinating spot for the people all over the world. From all the seven states, Dubai is famous for tourism, development and many business tycoons from the world like to invest in this region.
Abstract and Figures. This study explores shopping tourism with a special focus on the concept of luxury shopping in Dubai from the perspective of the consuming tourists. The study assesses the ...
From 7-9 March 2023, Georgia will be the official guest country at the world's largest tourism trade fair, ITB, in Berlin, Germany. The event will be help Georgia further promote tourism ...
The paper 'Strength and Weakness of Dubai Tourism" is a good example of a tourism case study. The global economy has entered a growth phase whereby which certain sectors has been witnessing unprecedented growth and to leverage the present day's consumers buying and spending habits, a certain amount of management strategy should be there to cash on it…
(PDF) Case study of Dubai as a Smart City Case study of Dubai as a Smart City Authors: Wasnaa Kadhim University of Information Technology and Communications Abstract and Figures Recently, the...
This paper centres on the comparison and contrast of the tourism industry in dubai and Turkey as well as the current and future target markets for Dubai tourism.... The airlines are not as extensive as those for Dubai (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 210-212; United Arab Emirates Web) Factors enhancing tourism in dubai include desirable but cheep tourist hotels, good ...
Dubai Case Study Superior Essays 1298 Words 6 Pages Open Document Essay Sample Show More Mariah Norris Edward Joffe Intro to Hospitality 21 November 2016 Doing Business Overseas Recommendation: The hotel chain HomeAway, a brand new state-of-the-art resort, is looking for a new destination.
Case Study- The Sustainable City, Dubai. A city transformed from a quaint fishing village and trading port to one reliant on oil production and real estate, Dubai is now at the crux of changing the narrative to portray itself as a city with a comparatively lower carbon footprint per capita by the year 2050 (UN Development Report 2003). ...
Analysis Of Dubai Tourism explanatory essay 3. Hence, in order to rival against the other countries, they tend to focus on the tourism targets, aviation, real estate and large-scale events and exhibitions to brand themselves in a strategic manner (Hazime, 2011).
Case Studies | UGC, Creator Content, Influencer Marketing Case Studies IKEA builds local market coverage with targeted UGC 3.54X Higher conversion rate with UGC 2.7X Higher engagement with UGC More Stories All CPG Education Fashion Finance Food & Beverage Health & Beauty Home & Office Media & Entertainment Pets, Hobbies & Toys Real Estate Retail