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A restatement of a text's meaning in different words, usually in order to clarify the sense of the original. Paraphrase involves the separation or abstraction of content from form, and so has been resisted strongly by New Criticism and other schools of modern critical opinion: Cleanth Brooks in The Well-Wrought Urn (1947) issued a notable denunciation of the ‘heresy of paraphrase’, i.e. the idea that a poem is paraphrasable. This is a necessary theoretical warning, since the particular form and diction of a poem (or other work) give it meanings that are not reducible to simple statements and that do not survive the substitution of synonyms; but the practice of paraphrase can help to establish this very fact, and is an analytic procedure too useful to be outlawed. Adjective : paraphrastic .

From:   paraphrase   in  The Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms »

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The same rules apply to paraphrasing as to quoting as far as referencing and quoting:

• the source must be identified through a properly phrased reference
• the contents (ideas, results, etc.) of the original text may not be altered

Should I quote or paraphrase?

In some academic fields, direct references to specific texts and text passages are frequent. Writers within these fields often strive to vary between quoting and paraphrasing, as a text with too many quotations is difficult to read and comes across as too dependent on sources, whereas a text with too much paraphrasing may give the impression of being vague and non-specific.

Whether to use a quotation or a paraphrase sometimes depends on the writer's aim in using a certain reference. If a specific phrasing or term is important, a quotation is the natural choice, whereas paraphrases may be preferable if the writer wants to report from and perhaps clarify the overall argument of a complicated source text. Below are two examples that illustrate how the same source can be used both in a quotation and in a paraphrase, and how the effect will differ slightly, depending on the form of reference that is chosen.

The source referred to in both examples below is a book from 1839, Sarah Stickney Ellis's The Women of England: Their Social Duties and Domestic Habits (see relevant extract in fold-down text element below).

Source text used for examples

In looking around, then, upon our “nation of shopkeepers,” we readily perceive that by dividing society into three classes, as regards what is commonly called rank, the middle class must include so vast a portion of the intelligence and moral power of the country at large, that it may not improperly be designated the pillar of our nation's strength, its base being the important class of the laborious poor, and its rich and highly ornamental capital, the ancient nobility of the land. In no other country is society thus beautifully proportioned, and England should beware of any deviation from the order and symmetry of her national column. There never was a more short-sighted view of society, than that by which the women of our country have lately learned to look with envious eyes upon their superiors in rank, to rival their attainments, to imitate their manners, and to pine for the luxuries they enjoy; and consequently to look down with contempt upon the appliances and means of humbler happiness. The women of England were once better satisfied with that instrumentality of Divine wisdom by which they were placed in their proper sphere. They were satisfied to do with their own hands what they now leave undone, or repine that they cannot have others to do for them.

(Ellis, 1839, pp. 14-15)

In the examples below, the paraphrase and the quotation offer basically the same information, but in the paraphrase, the writer’s own words have been used instead of a quotation from Ellis's book.

In her discussion of what she perceives to be problems of English society at the time, Ellis (1839) argues that English middle-class women "have lately learned to look with envious eyes upon their superiors in rank, to rival their attainments, to imitate their manners, and to pine for the luxuries they enjoy" (p. 15).

In her discussion of what she perceives to be problems of English society at the time, Ellis (1839) argues that English middle-class women try to imitate upper-class manners and life-style (p. 15).

What is the difference between paraphrase and summary?

Both paraphrases and summaries are re-writings of an already existing text (speech, etc.). The main difference between the two is that whereas a paraphrase is a rewriting of a particular passage of the source, a summary boils down a longer text to a shorter one. In both cases, the meaning and focus of the source text must be kept, and a reference to the source must be given. Read more and find examples in the AWELU section on summarising:

Watch out: Avoid patch-writing

Whereas a quote is an exact reproduction of the source presented within quotation marks, it is a little more tricky to paraphrase, since the paraphrase must be a rewriting of the source text. If the paraphrase is too close to the source text in wording and structure, it may risk being classified as patch-writing. Read more about patchwriting – and the risk of plagiarising when paraphrasing – here:

• Patchwriting

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What's paraphrasing?

Paraphrasing involves expressing someone else’s ideas or thoughts in your own words while maintaining the original meaning. Paraphrasing tools can help you quickly reword text by replacing certain words with synonyms or restructuring sentences. They can also make your text more concise, clear, and suitable for a specific audience. Paraphrasing is an essential skill in academic writing and professional communication. 

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Paraphrase a whole text

Our paraphraser can also help with longer passages (up to 125 words per input). Upload your document or copy your text into the input field.

With one click, you can reformulate the entire text.

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Paraphrase in two ways

• Standard: Offers a compromise between modifying and preserving the meaning of the original text
• Fluency: Improves language and corrects grammatical mistakes.

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The paraphrasing tool uses natural language processing to rewrite any text you give it. This way, you can paraphrase any text within seconds.

Avoid accidental plagiarism

Want to make sure your document is plagiarism-free? In addition to our paraphrasing tool, which will help you rephrase sentences, quotations, or paragraphs correctly, you can also use our anti-plagiarism software to make sure your document is unique and not plagiarized.

Scribbr’s anti-plagiarism software enables you to:

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How does this paraphrasing tool work?

1. put your text into the paraphraser, 2. select your method of paraphrasing, 3. select the quantity of synonyms you want, 4. edit your text where needed, who can use this paraphrasing tool.

Paraphrasing tools can help students to understand texts and improve the quality of their writing. 

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Quickly and easily rephrase text to avoid repetitive language.

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By using a paraphrasing tool, you can quickly and easily rework existing content to create something new and unique.

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Writers who need to rewrite content, such as adapting an article for a different context or writing content for a different audience.

A paraphrasing tool lets you quickly rewrite your original content for each medium, ensuring you reach the right audience on each platform.

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Frequently asked questions

The act of putting someone else’s ideas or words into your own words is called paraphrasing, rephrasing, or rewording. Even though they are often used interchangeably, the terms can mean slightly different things:

Paraphrasing is restating someone else’s ideas or words in your own words while retaining their meaning. Paraphrasing changes sentence structure, word choice, and sentence length to convey the same meaning.

Rephrasing may involve more substantial changes to the original text, including changing the order of sentences or the overall structure of the text.

Rewording is changing individual words in a text without changing its meaning or structure, often using synonyms.

It can. One of the two methods of paraphrasing is called “Fluency.” This will improve the language and fix grammatical errors in the text you’re paraphrasing.

Paraphrasing and using a paraphrasing tool aren’t cheating. It’s a great tool for saving time and coming up with new ways to express yourself in writing.  However, always be sure to credit your sources. Avoid plagiarism.  

If you don’t properly cite text paraphrased from another source, you’re plagiarizing. If you use someone else’s text and paraphrase it, you need to credit the original source. You can do that by using citations. There are different styles, like APA, MLA, Harvard, and Chicago. Find more information about citing sources here.

Paraphrasing without crediting the original author is a form of plagiarism , because you’re presenting someone else’s ideas as if they were your own.

However, paraphrasing is not plagiarism if you correctly cite the source . This means including an in-text citation and a full reference, formatted according to your required citation style .

As well as citing, make sure that any paraphrased text is completely rewritten in your own words.

Plagiarism means using someone else’s words or ideas and passing them off as your own. Paraphrasing means putting someone else’s ideas in your own words.

So when does paraphrasing count as plagiarism?

• Paraphrasing is plagiarism if you don’t properly credit the original author.
• Paraphrasing is plagiarism if your text is too close to the original wording (even if you cite the source). If you directly copy a sentence or phrase, you should quote it instead.
• Paraphrasing  is not plagiarism if you put the author’s ideas completely in your own words and properly cite the source .

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Definition of paraphrase verb from the Oxford Advanced American Dictionary

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