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How to Cite Books in APA

Citations for books have four main parts: author, date, title, and publication information (place of publication and publisher). Each part ends in a period followed by a space.

Book by one author

Welty, E. (1994). One Writer's Beginnings . Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Books with two or more authors

Leghorn, L., & Parker, K. (1981). Woman's Worth . Boston: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

One selection from an edited book

Provide full reference information for each selection cited from a collection, using In to show the larger work from which the selection is taken. (The abbreviation for one editor is Ed.)

Kingston, M. H. (1985). No Name Woman. In S. Gilbert & S. Gubar (Eds.), The Norton Anthology of Literature by Women , (pp 12-15). New York: W. W. Norton.

Unknown author

Begin with the title. Alphabetize the entry by the first word of the title other than a, an , or the.

The Chicago Manual of Style (14th ed.). (1993). Chicago:University of Chicago Press.

The information written on this page has been excerpted from the handbook: Troyaka, L. Q. (1998). Quick Access: Reference for Writers . (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, Prentice Hall. American Psychological Association. (2001). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association . (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Updated January 28, 2005 by Renee Brown

APA Book Citation

In this article, I will show you how to cite books using the American Psychological Association (APA) citation system. The APA style has two inseparable components: in-text citation and reference list. In-text citation, by its name, is included within the body of a document. On the other hand, the reference list is found at the end of the document with the complete information about the source. The in-text citation is meant to direct the readers to the right source in the reference list.

Table of Content

Requirements to Create a Citation

To start with, I have here a list of basic information that you need to look for in citing a book and the location of each element.

Citing the Author

Multiple authors, two to seven authors, more than seven authors, corporate author, in-text citation.

The in-text citation is written inside a parenthesis usually with the last name of the author and year of publication, separated by a comma.

Example: (Simon, 1945)

If the name of the author is included in the text, write only the year inside the parenthesis.

Example: Simon (1945) posited that

In quoting a part of a work, include the name of the author, year, and page number.

According to Jones (1998), “Students often had difficulty using APA style, especially when it was their first time” (p. 199).

Jones (1998) found “students often had difficulty using APA style” (p. 199); what implications does this have for teachers?

She stated, “Students often had difficulty using APA style” (Jones, 1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.

Reference List

Citation format by book type, edited book.

Basic Format: Author. (Year). Title of Book. Editor. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Example: Plath, S. (2000). The unabridged journals. K. V. Kukil (Ed.). New York, NY: Anchor.

Note: The editor’s name is written with the initials first followed by the last name and (Ed.).

Edited Book without Author

Basic Format: Editor. (Year). Title of Book . Place of Publication: Publisher.

Example: Miller, J., & Smith, T. (Eds.). (1996). Cape Cod stories: Tales from Cape Cod, Nantucket, and Martha’s Vineyard. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle Books.

Translated Book

Basic Format: Author. (Year). Title of Book . (Translators). Place of Publication: Publisher. (Original Publication)

Example: Laplace, P. S. (1951). A philosophical essay on probabilities . (F. W. Truscott & F. L. Emory, Trans.). New York, NY: Dover. (Original work published 1814)

Note: Unlike the author’s name, the names of the translators are listed with the initials first followed by the last name and the abbreviated word Trans.

Multivolume Work

Basic Format: Editor. (Year). Title of Book (Volume). Place of Publication: Publisher.

Example: Mills, L. (1996). Architecture of the Old South (Vols. 1-2). Savannah, GA: Beehive Foundation.

Reference Book

Basic Format: Author. (Year). Entry heading or title. In Editor’s name. Title of Book (Edition, volume, p. or pp. pages). Place of publication: Publisher.

E schatology. (1982). In Webster’s new world dictionary of the American language (2nd ed., p. 383). New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.

Tavris, C. (1989). Queen bee syndrome. In B. Yark and G. Himmel (Eds.), Women’s encyclopedia (Vol. 1, p. 307). New York, NY: Greenward.

Note: Include only the information available in the source. Some reference books may not have the name of the author and editor as well as the volume number.

Section of a Book

Basic Format: Author of the section. (Year). Title of the section. In Authors or Editors, Title of Book (pp. section pages). Place of Publication: Publisher.

Example: Jeffrey, I. (1988). Introduction. In B. Savelev, Secret city: photographs from the USSR (pp. 8-12). New York, NY: Thames and Hudson.

Note: The name of the author or editor of the book is written with the initials first before the last name. Section pages are enclosed in a parenthesis with the abbreviation pp.

Online Book

Basic Format: Author. (Year). Title of Book. Retrieved from http://www.someaddress.com/full/url/ or doi

Drum, D., & Zierenberg, T. (2006). The type 2 diabetes sourcebook (3rd ed.). http://dx.doi.org/10.1036/0071462317

Prairie oysters . (2002). In Rawson’s dictionary of euphemisms and otherdoubletalk . Retrieved from http://crownpublishing.com

University of Portland Clark Library

Thursday, February 23: The Clark Library is closed today.

APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Books & Ebooks

Table of Contents

Book in print with one author, book in print more than one author, chapters, short stories, essays, or articles from a book (anthology or collection), article in an online reference book (e.g. encyclopedias, dictionaries).

Note: All citations should be double spaced and have a hanging indent in a Reference List.

A "hanging indent" means that each subsequent line after the first line of your citation should be indented by 0.5 inches.

This Microsoft support page contains instructions about how to format a hanging indent in a paper.

Authors/Editors

An author won't necessarily be a person's name. It may be an organization or company, for example Health Canada. These are called group or corporate authors.

If a book has no author or editor, begin the citation with the book title, followed by the year of publication in round brackets.

If an author is also the publisher, omit the publisher from the reference. This happens most often with corporate or group authors.

When a book has one to 20 authors or editors, all authors' names are cited in the Reference List entry. When a book has 21 or more authors or editors, list the first 19 authors followed by three spaced ellipse points (. . .) , and then the last author's name. Rules are different for in-text citations; please see the examples provided.

Cite author names in the order in which they appear on the source, not in alphabetical order (the first author is usually the person who contributed the most work to the publication).

Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title. If there is a colon (:) in the title, also capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon.

Capitalize the first letter of proper names in titles, such as names of places or people.

Italicize titles of journals, magazines, newspapers, and books. Do not italicize the titles of articles or book chapters.

Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of the article title. If there is a colon in the article title, also capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon.

Place of Publication

Do not include the publisher location in the reference. Only for works associated with a specific location, like conference presentations, include the location. For cities in the US and Canada list the city name and the province or state code. For other countries, list the city name and the country. Examples: Toronto, ON ; Tokyo, Japan

Electronic Books

Don't include the format, platform, or device (e.g. Kindle) in the reference. Include the publisher name. For audiobooks, include the narrator and audiobook notation.

Ebooks from Websites (not from library databases)

If an ebook from a website was originally published in print, give the author, year, title, edition (if given) and the url. If it was never published in print, treat it like a multi-page website.

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of book: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name.

Mulholland, K. (2003). Class, gender and the family business . Palgrave McMillan.

In-Text Paraphrase:

(Author's Last Name, Year)

Example: (Mulholland, 2003)

(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page Number)

Example: (Mulholland, 2003, p. 70)

Last Name of First Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given, & Last Name of Second Author, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of book: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name.

Note: Authors' names are separated by commas. Put a comma and an ampersand (&) before the name of the last author cited.

Note : For works with three or more authors, the first in-text citation is shortened to include the first author's surname followed by "et al."

Reference List Example:

Kaakinen, J., Coehlo, D., Steele, R., Tabacco, L., & Hanson, H. (2015). Family health care nursing: Theory, practice, and research (5th ed.). F.A. Davis Company.

In-text Citation

Two Authors/Editors

(Kaakinen & Coehlo, 2015)

Direct quote: (Kaakinen & Coehlo, 2015, p. 57)

Three or more Authors/Editors

(Kaakinen et al., 2015)

Direct quote: (Kaakinen et al., 2015, p. 57)

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of book: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name. URL

Example from Website:

Rhode, D. L. (2002). Divorce, American style . University of California Press. http://www.escholarship.org/editions/view?docId=kt9z09q84w;brand=ucpress

Example: (Rhode, 2002)

Example: (Rhode, 2002, p. 101)

If no author or creator is provided, start the citation with the title/name of the item you are citing instead. Follow the title/name of the item with the date of publication, and the continue with other citation details.

Remember: an author/creator may be an organization or corporation, for example Health Canada. If you don't have a person's name as the author, but do have the name of an organization or corporation, put that organization/corporation's name as the author.

If and only if an item is signed as being created by Anonymous, use "Anonymous" where you'd normally put the author's name.

When you have no author, use a shortened version of the title where you'd normally put the author's name.

If you're citing something which is part of a bigger work, like an article from a magazine, newspaper, journal, encyclopedia, or chapter/short story from a book, put the shortened title in quotation marks in your in-text citation:

Example, paraphrase: ("A few words," 2014)

If you're citing an entire work, like a book, website, video, etc., italicize the shortened title in your in-text citation:

Example, paraphrase: ( A few words , 2014)

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of chapter, article, essay or short story. In Editor's First Initial. Second Initial if Given. Editor's Last Name (Ed.), Title of book: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition, pp. first page number-last page number). Publisher Name.

Note: If you have more than one editor list their name(s) after the first editor listed in the book, giving their initials and last name. Put an ampersand (&) before the last editor's name.

When you have one editor the short form (Ed.) is used after the editor's name. If you have more than one editor use (Eds.) instead.

O'Neil, J. M., & Egan, J. (1992). Men's and women's gender role journeys: A metaphor for healing, transition, and transformation. In B. R. Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 107-123). Springer.

Note: If there is no editor given you may leave out that part of the citation.

(Author's Last Name, Year)

Example (2 authors): (O'Neil & Egan, 1992)

(Author's Last Name, Year, p. Page Number)

Example (2 authors): (O'Neil & Egan, 1992, p. 998)

Author's Last Name, First Initial. Second Initial if Given. (Year of Publication). Title of article. In Editor's First Initial. Second Initial if Given. Editor's Last Name (Ed.), Title of book: Subtitle if given (edition if given and is not first edition). Publisher Name. URL or DOI

Caviness, L. B. (2008). Brain-relevant education. In N. J. Salkind (Ed.), Encyclopedia of educational psychology . Sage Publications. https://login.uportland.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.credoreference.com/content/entry/sageedpsyc/brain_relevant_education/0?institutionId=5407

Example (1 author): (Caviness, 2008)

Example (1 author): (Caviness, 2008, Focus on the brain section, para. 2)

Note: When there are no visible page numbers or paragraph numbers, you may cite the section heading and the number of the paragraph in that section to identify where your quote came from.

APA (7th edition) Citation Guide

Books & eBooks

Book with an editor, edition of books other than the first, chapter in an edited book, anthologies, entries in a reference book, entries in online encyclopedias, foreign language books, illustrated books, sacred texts.

The 7th edition of APA does not differentiate between the format of the books, print or electronic. Cite both the same way. If you have an open-access eBook, you may provide the URL at the end, provided it directly takes you to the full text without logging in.

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book. Publisher. https://XXXXXX

George, M. W. (2008). The elements of library research: What every student needs to know . Princeton University Press.

In-Text Citation: (George, 2008)

Kleiser, G. (2008). Fifteen thousand useful phrases . Funk & Wagnalls; Project Gutenberg. http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/18362 (Original work published 1917)

In-Text Citation: (Kleiser, 1917/2008)

Samanez-Larkin, G. R. (Ed.). (2019). The aging brain: Functional adaptation across adulthood . American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000143-000

In-Text Citation: (Samanez-Larkin, 2019)

Note: When citing in-text, it can be difficult if your eBook does not have a page number (most PDF books do). In this case, try to get as specific as possible by mentioning chapter, section, and paragraph numbers.

One of the author's main points is that "people don't rise from nothing" (Gladwell, 2008, Chapter 1, Section 2, para. 5).

Source: Publication Manual , 10.2 (examples 20-26)

Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of book. Publisher.

Johnson, C. L., & Tuite, C. (Eds.). (2009). A companion to Jane Austen . Wiley-Blackwell.

In-Text Citation: (Johnson & Tuite, 2009)

Source: Publication Manual , 10.2 (example 25)

Author, A. A. (Date). Title of book (xth ed.). Publisher.

Rottenberg, A. T. (2003). Elements of argument: A text and reader (7th ed.). Bedford/St. Martin's.

In-Text Citation: (Rottenberg, 2003)

Source: Publication Manual , 10.2 (example 31)

Author of Chapter, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of chapter or entry. In A. Editor, B. Editor, & C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx–xxx). Publisher.

Shephered, S. (1988). Shakespeare's private drawer: Shakespeare and homosexuality. In G. Holderness (Ed.), The Shakespeare myth (pp. 96–110). Manchester University Press.

In-Text Citation: (Shephered, 1988).

Source: Publication Manual , 10.3 (examples 38-46)

Whole Anthology

Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year). Title of book. Publisher.

Grene, D. & Lattimore, R. (Eds.). (1959). The complete Greek tragedies . University of Chicago Press.

In-Text Citation: (Grene & Lattimore, 1959)

Work in an Anthology

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. In A. A. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (pp. XX–XX) . Publisher. (Original work published Year)

Ibsen, Henrik. (2002). A doll's house. In R. S. Gwynn (Ed.), Drama: A pocket anthology (2nd ed., pp. 209–277). Longman. (Original work published 1879)

In-Text Citation: (Ibsen, 1879/2002)

Source: Publication Manual , 10.2 (example 34) and 10.3 (example 46)

Always look carefully for a byline/author; this is usually at either the beginning or the end of an entry.

With Entry Author

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of entry. In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of reference work (xth ed., Vol. xx, pp. xxx–xxx). Publisher.

Hodges, W. (2006). First-order logic. In D. M. Borchert (Ed.), The encyclopedia of philosophy (2nd ed., Vol. 3, pp. 639–659). Thomson Gale.

In-Text Citation: (Hodges, 2006)

No Entry Author

Title of entry. (Year). In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of reference work (xth ed., Vol. xx, pp. xxx–xxx). Publisher.

Southeast Asia. (2003). In The new encyclopaedia Britannica: Macropedia (15th ed., Vol. 27, pp. 711–794). Encyclopaedia Britannica.

In-Text Citation: ("Southeast Asia," 2003)

S ource: Publication Manual , 10.3 (examples 47-48)

Author, A. A. (Year). Title of entry. In A. Editor (Ed.), Title of reference work (xx ed.). Website. http://xxxxx

Example 1: Individual Author

Masolo, D. (2006). African sage philosophy. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2008 ed.). Stanford University. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/african-sage/

In-Text Citation: (Masolo, 2006)

Example 2: Group Author

United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. (n.d.) Antisemitism. In Holocaust encyclopedia . Retrieved October 7, 2019, from https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/antisemitism

In-Text Citation: (United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, n.d.)

Note: If the author is the same as the website, omit the website component. If an encyclopedia is continuously updated and does not have an archived version, include the retrieval date.

Source: Publication Manual , 10.3 (examples 47-48)

Author, A. A. (Year). Foreign title [Translated title]. Publisher.

Paz, O. (1959). El laberinto de la soledad [The labyrinth of solitude]. Fondo de Cultura Económica.

In-Text Citation: (Paz, 1959)

Source: Publication Manual , 10.2 (examples 27-28)

Only include the illustrator if the pictures are essential to understanding content (e.g., picture books, graphic novels) and if they are listed on the front cover.

Author, A. A., & Illustrator, B. B. (Year). Title of book. Publisher.

Napoli, D. J., & Bates, A. (2014). Hands and hearts . Abrams Books for Young Readers.

In-Text Citation: (Napoli & Bates, 2014)

Adapted from: How to Cite an Illustrated Book [APA Style Blog]

Religious works are considered to not have a specific author.

Title of religious work (A. A. Translator, Trans.). (Year). Publisher. (Original work published Year)

The Green Bible: New Revised Standard Version . (2008). HarperOne.

In-Text Citation: ( The Green Bible, Luke 12:49)

The Qur'an (M. A. S. Abdel Haleem, Trans.) (2010). Oxford University Press

In-Text Citation: ( The Qur'an , 5:3–4)

Note: Use chapter/verses for in-text citations as opposed to page numbers.

Sources: Publication Manual , 9.42 and 10.2 (example 35); APA Style: Religious Work

University Libraries University of Nevada, Reno

APA Citation Guide (7th Edition): Books and eBooks

Audiovisual Media

Books and eBooks

It is not necessary to indicate that you have used an eBook when the content is the same as a physical book. However, you should distinguish between the eBook and the print version if the content is different or abridged.

Authors/Editors

An author won't necessarily be a person's name. it may be an organization or company, for example, Health Canada. These are called group or corporate authors.

If a book has no author or editor, begin the citation with the book title, followed by the year of publication enclosed in parentheses.

Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title. If there is a colon (:) or question mark in the title, also capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon or question mark.

Capitalize the first letter of proper names in titles, such as names of places or people. Example: Nevada.

Authored Book with a DOI

Author, A. A. (Copyright Year). Title of book . Publisher. DOI or URL

Sheingate, A. D. (2016). Building a business of politics: The rise of political consulting and the transformation of American democracy . Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592718003882

Authored Book Without a DOI, from Most Academic Research Databases

Author, A. A. (Copyright Year). Title of book . Publisher.

Schildt, H. (2011). Java: The complete reference (8th ed.). O'Reilly Safari Books.

Edited Book

Editor, A. A. & Editor, B. B. (Eds.). (Copyright Year). Title of book . Publisher. DOI or URL [if available]

Goodin, R. E. & Hans-Dieter, K. (Eds.). (1996). A new handbook of political science . Oxford University Press.

Chapter in an Edited Book

Author, A. A. (Copyright Year). Title of book chapter. In A. A. Editor & B. B. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. #-#). Publisher.

Christians, C. G. (2011). Ethics and politics in qualitative research. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), The Sage handbook of qualitative research (pp. 61-80). Sage Publications.

Book with a Group or Corporate Author

Corporate Author. (Copyright Year). Title of book . DOI [if available]

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000

Work in an Anthology

Author, A. A. & Author, B. B. (Copyright Year). Title of chapter, article, essay or short story. In Editor's A. A. Editor, B. B. Editor, C. C. Editor, & D. D. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. #-#). Publisher.

Stockert, P. A. & Taylor, C. (2014). Sleep. In P. A. Potter, A. G. Perry, J. C. Ross-Kerr, & M.J. Wood (Eds.), Canadian fundamentals of nursing (pp. 993-1016). Elsevier.

Note: When you have one editor, the short form (Ed.) is used after the editor's name. If you have more than one editor, use (Eds.) instead. If there is no editor given, you may leave out that part of the citation.

Author, A. A. (Copyright Year). Title of book . Publisher. URL

Author, A. A. (Copyright Year). Title of book . [eBook edition]. Publisher. URL

Gordon Betts, J., DeSaix, P., & Johnson, E. (2013). Anatomy and physiology. OpenStax. https://openstax.org/details/books/anatomy-and-physiology

Rowling, J. K. (1997). Harry Potter and the sorcerer's stone . [Kindle]. Pottermore Publishing.

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APA In-Text Citations (7th Ed.) | Multiple Authors & Missing Info

Published on November 4, 2020 by Raimo Streefkerk . Revised on September 30, 2022.

In-text citations briefly identify the source of information in the body text. They correspond to a full reference entry at the end of your paper.

APA in-text citations consist of the author’s last name and publication year. When citing a specific part of a source, also include a page number or range, for example (Parker, 2020, p. 67) or (Johnson, 2017, pp. 39–41) .

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Table of contents

Apa in-text citations explained in 4 minutes, parenthetical vs. narrative citations, apa in-text citations with multiple authors, no author, date or page number, multiple sources in one parenthesis, avoiding ambiguity in apa in-text citations, citing indirect sources (“as cited in”), citing personal communication, general mentions of websites and software, example paragraph with in-text citations, frequently asked questions.

The in-text citation can be placed in parentheses or naturally integrated into a sentence.

The publication year appears directly after the author’s name when using the narrative format. The parenthetical citation can be placed within or at the end of a sentence, just before the period. Check out a full example paragraph with in-text citations .

If a work has two authors, separate their names with an ampersand (&) in a parenthetical citation or “and” in a narrative citation. If there are three or more authors, only include the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”, meaning “and others”.

Group authors known by their abbreviations (e.g., CDC) are written in full the first time and are abbreviated in subsequent citations.

If the author of a source is unknown, try to determine if there is an organization or government responsible for creating the content. If so, include its name in the in-text citation (and reference entry).

Alternatively, use the source title in place of the author. Italicize the title if it’s italicized in the reference entry (except for court cases , which are italicized in the in-text citation but not the reference entry). Otherwise, enclose it in double quotation marks.

Apply title case capitalization, and shorten long titles. The first word of the title should always be included so readers can easily locate the corresponding reference entry.

No publication date

If the publication date is unknown, write “n.d.” (no date) in the in-text citation.

No page number (alternative locators)

Page numbers are only required with direct quotes in APA . If you are quoting from a work that does not have page numbers (e.g., webpages or YouTube videos ), you can use an alternative locator, such as:

Note that Bible citations always use chapter and verse numbers, even when page numbers are available:

If a statement is supported by multiple sources, the in-text citations can be combined in one parenthesis. Order the sources alphabetically, and separate them with a semicolon.

When citing multiple works from the same author, list the years of publication separated by a comma.

When in-text citations are ambiguous because they correspond to multiple reference entries, apply the solutions outlined in the table below.

If you want to refer to a source that you have found in another source, you should always try to access the original or primary source .

However, if you cannot find the original source , you should cite it through the secondary source that led you to it, using the phrase “as cited in”.

If the publication date of the primary source is unknown, include only the year of publication of the secondary source.

Only include a reference entry for the secondary source, not the primary source.

Personal communications , such as phone calls, emails, and interviews, are not included in the reference list because readers can’t access them. The in-text citation is also formatted slightly differently.

Include the initials and last name of the person you communicated with, the words “personal communication,” and the exact date in parentheses.

General mentions of a website or software don’t have to be cited with an in-text citation or entry in the reference list. Instead, incorporate relevant information into the running text.

When citing a webpage or online article , the APA in-text citation consists of the author’s last name and year of publication. For example: (Worland & Williams, 2015). Note that the author can also be an organization. For example: (American Psychological Association, 2019).

If you’re quoting you should also include a locator. Since web pages don’t have page numbers, you can use one of the following options:

Instead of the author’s name, include the first few words of the work’s title in the in-text citation. Enclose the title in double quotation marks when citing an article, web page or book chapter. Italicize the title of periodicals, books, and reports.

If the publication date is unknown , use “n.d.” (no date) instead. For example: (Johnson, n.d.).

The abbreviation “ et al. ” (meaning “and others”) is used to shorten APA in-text citations with three or more authors . Here’s how it works:

Only include the first author’s last name, followed by “et al.”, a comma and the year of publication, for example (Taylor et al., 2018).

Always include page numbers in the APA in-text citation when quoting a source . Don’t include page numbers when referring to a work as a whole – for example, an entire book or journal article.

If your source does not have page numbers, you can use an alternative locator such as a timestamp, chapter heading or paragraph number.

If you cite several sources by the same author or group of authors, you’ll distinguish between them in your APA in-text citations using the year of publication.

If you cite multiple sources by the same author(s) at the same point , you can just write the author name(s) once and separate the different years with commas, e.g., (Smith, 2020, 2021).

To distinguish between sources with the same author(s) and the same publication year, add a different lowercase letter after the year for each source, e.g., (Smith, 2020, 2021a, 2021b). Add the same letters to the corresponding reference entries .

In an APA in-text citation , you use the phrase “ as cited in ” if you want to cite a source indirectly (i.e., if you cannot find the original source).

Parenthetical citation: (Brown, 1829, as cited in Mahone, 2018) Narrative citation: Brown (1829, as cited in Mahone, 2018) states that…

On the reference page , you only include the secondary source (Mahone, 2018).

An APA in-text citation is placed before the final punctuation mark in a sentence.

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apa citation of books

Home / Guides / Citation Guides / APA Format / APA Book Citation

How to Cite a Book in APA

Book – A written work or composition that has been published – typically printed on pages bound together.

Understanding how to cite books will provide you with the basis for citation conventions in APA style. Books are key components of many papers and are often an invaluable resource, so this guide will show you how to format reference page citations and in-text citations for APA 7th edition.

Citing a book in which the chapters are written by different authors is a little more involved than citing other types of books. You will find information on this type of book in this guide, but you can find also find more in-depth information here, in the article How to Cite a Chapter in a Book APA . That article is also helpful for in-text citations that include page numbers.

Guide Overview

Troubleshooting

In APA, a basic book citation includes the following information:

Additional information is needed when citing:

Citing a book in APA (print)

View Screenshot

Note: Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title and any subtitles (the first word that follows a colon), as well as the first letter of any proper nouns. See our APA Citation Basics guide or the APA Publication Manual for more information.

Citing an E-book in APA (online or digital book)

An e-book is considered a written work or composition that has been digitized and is readable through computers or e-readers (Kindles, iPads,nooks etc.). As of the APA 7th edition, a special notation does not need to be made for e-reader versions. Simply include the book’s URL or DOI number at the end of the citation. However, if you’re citing an audiobook, scroll down this page to see the different citation structure for audiobooks.

Citing a book in APA (found in a database)

Some e-books may be available online through your library’s databases or catalogs. According to the 7th edition of APA style, most books found via academic databases do not need to include the database name or link in the citation. This is because these books are usually widely available in many place and resources.

Citing an audio book in APA

An audiobook is a book that has been converted into audio files or an audio format. They are also sometimes called “books on tape.”

Citing a book with an author and an editor

Citing an edited book (no single author credited).

apa citation of books

Here is a video that reviews book citations in APA style:

Solution #1: How to cite a book in another language

Books written in another language should contain the translation in brackets next to the title. If the language contains characters that are different from the Roman alphabet, transliterate the alphabet into the Roman alphabet for your citation.

Author’s last name, F. M. (Year). Title of the book in original language [Translated title]. Publisher.

Sanchez, E. (2018). Yo no soy tu perfecta hija Mexicana [I am not your perfect Mexican daughter]. Vintage Espanol.

Solution #2: How to cite a republished translated book

For translated books, include the name of the original author at the start of the citation, but for the year, include the date of publication for the version you are using. After the title, include the translator’s name, and after the publisher, provide the original publication date. For in-text citation, two dates are required. Write the date of the original publication first, then add a slash followed by the current version that you are using.

Reference page structure:

Author’s last name, F. M. (Year). Title of the work (Translator’s F. Last name, Trans.; Edition number ed.). Publisher. (Original work published Year)

Reference page example:

Freud, S. (1950). Beyond the pleasure principle (J. Strachey, Trans., 2nd ed.). Liveright. (Original work published 1920)

In-text citation structure:

Parenthetical structure: (Author last name, date of original publication/date of current version) Narrative structure: Author last name (date of original publication/date of current version)

In-text citation example:

Parenthetical example: (Freud, 1920/1950)

Narrative example: Freud (1920/1950)

Solution #3: How to cite an ancient Greek or Roman work

Much like translated versions, include the original date of publication after the publisher (or DOI link). However, for ancient texts, be sure to include “ca.” (which stands for “circa”) with the date, followed by B.C.E. or C.E. For the in-text citation, you will also need to include ca. and B.C.E. or C.E. after the author’s name, followed by the date of the current version.

Author’s last name, F. M. (Year). Title of the work (Translator’s F. Last name, Trans.; Edition number ed.). Publisher. (Original work published ca. date)

Homer. (1990). The odyssey (R. Fitzgerald, Trans.). Vintage Books. (Original work published ca. 8 B.C.E.)

Parenthetical structure: Author last name, original date of the work/current version date

Narrative structure: Author last name (original date of the work/current version date)

Parenthetical example: (Homer, ca. 8 B.C.E./1990)

Narrative example: Homer (ca. 8 B.C.E./1990)

APA Formatting Guide

Citation Examples

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To cite a book in APA style, you need to have basic information including the authors, publication year, book title, and publisher. The templates for in-text citation and reference list entry of a book written by a single author along with examples are given below:

In-text citation template and example:

Author Surname (Publication Year)

(Author Surname, Publication Year)

Reference list entry template and example:

Author Surname, F. M. (Publication Year). Book title: Subtitle of the book . Publisher Name.

Dean, J. (2010). Blog theory: Feedback and capture in the circuits of drive . Polity Press.

Set the book title in italics and sentence case. Capitalize the first word after a colon. If an edition number is given, place it after the title in parenthesis. The style should be, for example, (2nd ed.).

To cite a book chapter with multiple authors in APA style, you need to have basic information including the names of the authors, publication year, chapter title, editors, publisher, and place of publication. The templates for in-text citation and reference list entry of a book chapter along with examples are given below:

When the source has 3–20 authors

In the text, use the first author’s surname followed by “et al.”

First Author Surname et al. (Publication Year)

Rong et al. (2017)

(Author Surname et al., Publication Year)

(Rong et al., 2017)

List the names of all authors in the reference list. Use “&” before the last author’s name. The book title is set in italics. The word “In” is used before the editor’s name. Note that the style for setting the editors’ names is the initial of the first name (and if applicable, the middle name) followed by the surname. Use “(Eds.)” after the editors’ name. Do not include the publisher’s location in the reference. The example below is for three author names.

Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F.M., & Author Surname, F.M. (Publication Year). Chapter title: Subtitle. In F. Editor1 & F. Editor2 (Eds.), Book title (pp. #–#). Publisher Name.

Rong, X. L., Hilburn, J., & Sun, W. (2017). Immigration, demographic changes, and schools in North Carolina from 1990 to 2015. In X. Rong & J. Hilburn (Eds.), Immigration and education in North Carolina (pp. 1–24). Sense.

When the source has more than 20 authors

In the text, use the first author’s surname followed by et al.

Alvarez et al. (2019)

(Alvarez et al., 2019)

List the first 19 author’s names in the reference list followed by an ellipsis. Then add the last author’s name.

Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., Author Surname, F. M., . . . Author Surname, F. M. (Publication Year). Chapter title: Subtitle. In F. Editor1 & F. Editor2 (Eds.), Book title (pp. #–#). Publisher Name.

Alvarez, L. D., Peach, J. L., Rodriguez, J. F., Donald, L., Thomas, M., Aruck, A., Samy, K., Anthony, K., Ajey, M., Rodriguez, K. L., Katherine, K., Vincent, A., Pater, F., Somu, P., Pander, L., Berd, R., Fox, L., Anders, A., Kamala, W., . . . Nicole Jones, K. (2019). Unsung psychology pioneers: A content analysis of who makes history (and who doesn’t). In R. Lerner & W. Overton (Eds.), The handbook of life-span development (pp. 509–553). Wiley.

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How to Cite a Book in APA Format

Jennifer Calonia

To cite a book in APA format in a list of references for a research paper or other piece of academic writing , you’ll need to include certain information. For a standard book citation, include the author’s (or authors’) last name(s) and first initial(s), the publication date, the title of the book in sentence case, and the publisher’s name.

If the work has a URL or Digital Object Identifier (DOI), this should also be included in the citation. A DOI is a unique alphanumeric series that’s assigned to a particular work. It’s typically associated with ebooks, but it might also be available for newer books.

Common exceptions to the conventional APA book citation format arise in classical and religious works where there is no known publication date. Give your writing extra polish Grammarly helps you communicate confidently Write with Grammarly

How to cite a book in APA format

Works cited page format.

Below is an example of how an authored book would be accurately cited in APA format on a reference page:

Cialdini, R. (2021). Influence: The psychology of persuasion . Harper Business.

The citation begins with the author’s last name, a comma separates the initial of the author’s first name, and a period follows. Parentheses surround the publication date, which is followed by a period. Then comes the book title, which is italicized, written in sentence case, and followed by a period. Finally, the publisher’s name is included, and the APA book citation concludes with a period .

In-text parenthetical citation format

When referencing a book as an in-text parenthetical citation, include the author’s last name and the publication date, separated by a comma. These details should be enclosed in parentheses. Below is an example of a parenthetical citation using the authored book mentioned above:

(Cialdini, 2021)

In-text narrative citation format

When citing a book in APA format as part of the in-text narrative, use the author’s last name followed by the publication date in parentheses:

Cialdini (2021)

Here’s a tip: Grammarly’s Citation Generator ensures your essays have flawless citations and no plagiarism. Try it for tricky APA citations like book covers , multivolume works , and plays .

How to cite an e-book in APA format

The APA citation for an e-book that has a URL or DOI follows a similar format as a standard book citation. The main distinction is the inclusion of its DOI or URL, which is formatted as an active link. This is placed after the publisher’s name.

How to cite a textbook in APA format

A textbook citation in APA format may look a bit different compared to a standard book citation because a textbook is more likely to have multiple authors or book editors. Below is an example of how to cite a textbook on your reference page:

When citing multiple authors for a textbook, follow the order of the authors shown in the textbook. For each author, include the same author format as a standard book citation, but use a comma to separate each name. Include an ampersand before the surname of the last author. Follow the author(s) with the publication date and italicized book title in sentence case. If the text you’re citing is a particular edition, note it in italics after the title and enclosed in parentheses. Finish the APA-format textbook citation with the publisher’s name.

In-text citations

Below are examples of how to cite textbooks with multiple authors in APA format as a parenthetical citation and a narrative citation.

Parenthetical

For two authors, use the last names of both authors, separated by an ampersand. Then follow the names with a comma and the publication date.

(Marieb & Keller, 2018)

If the textbook has three or more authors, use only the first author’s last name followed by “et al.” and the publication date. If the textbook in this example had more than two authors, the citation would look like this:

(Marieb et al., 2018)

For an in-text narrative citation of a textbook featuring multiple authors, use the following APA format:

The insight by Marieb & Keller (2018) explains . . .

In the example above, the two authors’ last names are included in-text and are separated by an ampersand. The publication date follows in parentheses.

Textbooks that have three or more authors can be cited in-text using the first author’s last name followed by “et al.” and the publication date in parentheses:

Marieb et al. (2018)

How to cite the Bible in APA format

There are APA format rules for citing scriptures and other religious texts. As the Bible is a commonly cited text in academic writing, we’ve provided specific guidance and examples for it below.

Classical religious works, such as the Bible, might seem tricky to cite since they’re missing key elements, such as an author. You’ll also need to include the Bible version you’re referencing as its title, the date it was reprinted as its publication date, and a URL if you’re citing a digital source. Below is an example of how to cite the Bible in APA format.

In this version of the Bible, Gustave Doré is credited as the illustrator, so the illustrator’s name is included in the same format as an author’s name. The citation ends with “Original work published in [DATE]” followed by a period and the URL source.

In a parenthetical APA-format citation, reference the Bible as follows:

( The Holy Bible: King James Version , 1611/2018)

In parentheses, start with the Bible version in italics, and place a comma after it. Then include the original publication date, a slash, and the date it was republished.

For an in-text narrative citation in APA format, italicize the Bible version. Follow it with the publication and republication dates, separated by a slash, in parentheses.

The Holy Bible: King James Version (1611/2018)

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APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition)

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In this section

Citation guides

All you need to know about citations

How to cite a book in APA

APA book citation

To cite a book in a reference entry in APA style 6th edition include the following elements:

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a book in APA style 6th edition:

Author(s) of the book . ( Year of publication ). Title of the book . ( Edition number ed.). Place of publication : Publisher .

To cite a book in a reference entry in APA style 7th edition include the following elements:

Author(s) of the book: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more authors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a book in APA style 7th edition:

Author(s) of the book . ( Year of publication ). Title of the book . ( Edition number ed.). Publisher .

APA reference list examples

Take a look at our reference list examples that demonstrate the APA style guidelines for a book citation in action:

A book with one author

King, S . ( 1986 ). It . New York, NY : Viking Press .

King, S . ( 1986 ). It . Viking Press .

A book with two authors

King, S., & Straub, P . ( 1984 ). The talisman . New York, NY : Viking Press .

King, S., & Straub, P . ( 1984 ). The talisman . Viking Press .

A book with three authors

Halliday, D., Resnick, R., & Walker, J . ( 2013 ). Fundamentals of physics ( 10th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ : Wiley .

Halliday, D., Resnick, R., & Walker, J . ( 2013 ). Fundamentals of physics ( 10th ed. ). Wiley .

Specific edition of a book

Axler, S . ( 2015 ). Linear algebra done right ( 3rd ed. ). New York, NY : Springer .

Axler, S . ( 2015 ). Linear algebra done right ( 3rd ed. ). Springer .

How to do an in-text citation for a book in APA

General APA in-text citations follow the pattern (Author, Year of publication) .

If you need to in-text reference a specific page or a range of pages in a book, you can do so easily in this form (Author, Year of publication, p. Page number) or (Author, Year of publication, pp. Page range) .

The same principle applies to in-text referencing of a whole chapter in a book: (Author, Year of publication, Chapter number) .

Here are some examples to illustrate (citing from a fictional book by an author named Smith published in 2009):

Parenthetical citation of a page from a book

The results of the pilot study were later declared breakthrough of the year (Smith, 2009, p. 40) .

Narrative citation of a page range from a book

While Smith (2009, pp. 55-57) reported similar results back in 1995, it was only ...

Parenthetical citation of a chapter from a book

The initial idea for the pilot study was coined on a lab retreat (Smith, 2009, Chapter 3) .

Narrative citation of chapter from a book

While Smith (2009, Chapter 11) initially failed to interpret the results correctly, ...

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This citation style guide is based on the official Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association ( 6 th edition).

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How to Cite a Book in APA Style
The in-text citation for a book includes the author's last name, the year, and (if relevant) a page number. In the reference list, start with the author's last name and initials, followed by the year. The book title is written in sentence case (only capitalize the first word and any proper nouns ).
Reference List: Books
Cite a book automatically in APA Cite book Using citation machines responsibly Powered by Note: If available, APA 7 requires a DOI for all works that have one — whether print or digital. If a print work does not have a DOI do not include it in the reference citation. Basic Format for Books Author, A. A. (Year of publication).
How to Cite Books in APA
How to Cite Books in APA Citations for books have four main parts: author, date, title, and publication information (place of publication and publisher). Each part ends in a period followed by a space. Book by one author Welty, E. (1994). One Writer's Beginnings. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Books with two or more authors
APA Book Citation
The APA style has two inseparable components: in-text citation and reference list. In-text citation, by its name, is included within the body of a document. On the other hand, the reference list is found at the end of the document with the complete information about the source.
APA Style (7th Edition) Citation Guide: Books & Ebooks
When you have no author, use a shortened version of the title where you'd normally put the author's name. If you're citing something which is part of a bigger work, like an article from a magazine, newspaper, journal, encyclopedia, or chapter/short story from a book, put the shortened title in quotation marks in your in-text citation:
Citing Books
Citing Books - APA 7th Edition - Research Guides at University of Alabama Books Books: print or ebook Author, A. A. (Year of Publication). Title of book: Subtitle if given. Publisher Name. Books with an editor Editor, A. A. (Ed.). (Year of Publication). Title of book: Subtitle if given. Publisher Name Books: edition other than the first
Citing a Book in APA
Citing books in APA Print books with one author: APA citation format: Author Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Year Published). Title of work. Publisher. Example: Moriarty, L. (2014). Big little lies. G. P. Putnam's Sons. Print books with two or more authors: Structure: Last name, First initial. Middle initial., Last name, First initial.
Book Examples
The 7th edition of APA does not differentiate between the format of the books, print or electronic. Cite both the same way. If you have an open-access eBook, you may provide the URL at the end, provided it directly takes you to the full text without logging in. Template. Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book. Publisher. https://XXXXXX. Examples
Free APA Citation Generator
APA in-text citations include the author's last name, publication date, and, if relevant, a locator such as a page number or timestamp. For example, (Smith, 2021, p. 170). See it as a shorter version of the entry in the reference list. You should include in-text citations every time you're quoting or paraphrasing someone else's ideas or words.
Citation Machine®: APA Format & APA Citation Generator
Scroll down to find the proper format for the source you're citing or referencing. If you would like help citing your sources, CitationMachine.com has a citation generator that will help make the APA citation process much easier for you. To start, simply click on the source type you're citing: Website. Books.
APA Citation Guide (7th Edition): Books and eBooks
If a book has no author or editor, begin the citation with the book title, followed by the year of publication enclosed in parentheses. Titles Capitalize the first letter of the first word of the title. If there is a colon (:) or question mark in the title, also capitalize the first letter of the first word after the colon or question mark.
How to Cite an eBook in APA
To create an e-book citation, you will need the following information on your source: First Name Initial and Last Name of the author (s) Year Published Title of the e-book Translator name (if applicable) Publisher name DOI or URL (if applicable) For republished books ONLY: Year the original work was published References
APA In-Text Citations (7th Ed.)
APA in-text citations consist of the author's last name and publication year. When citing a specific part of a source, also include a page number or range, for example (Parker, 2020, p. 67) or (Johnson, 2017, pp. 39-41). Generate accurate APA citations with Scribbr Webpage Book Video Journal article Online news article Cite
APA REFERENCING & CITATION MANUAL: Concise and Simplified Guide on APA
In addition to identifying the authors they are using, APA-style writers must also state how recent or timely the sources are. Paper Formatting: The APA manual's current edition suggests various title pages for professionals and students. Professional title pages consist of:
In-Text Citations: The Basics
APA Citation Basics When using APA format, follow the author-date method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the year of publication for the source should appear in the text, like, for example, (Jones, 1998). One complete reference for each source should appear in the reference list at the end of the paper.
APA style
APA style (also known as APA format) is a writing style and format for academic documents such as scholarly journal articles and books. It is commonly used for citing sources within the field of behavioral and social sciences, including sociology, education, health sciences, criminal justice, and anthropology, as well as psychology.It is described in the style guide of the American ...
How to Cite a Book in APA
In APA, a basic book citation includes the following information: Author's name Title of the book Publisher of the book Year published Additional information is needed when citing: Books on websites or books in databases DOI or stable URL if available E-books DOI or stable URL if available Translated or edited books Name of the translator or editor
Book/ebook references
Provide the author, year of publication, title, and publisher of the book. Use the same format for both print books and ebooks. Use the copyright date shown on the book's copyright page as the year of publication in the reference, even if the copyright date is different than the release date.
How to Cite a Book in APA Format, with Examples
To cite a book in APA format in a list of references for a research paper or other piece of academic writing, you'll need to include certain information.For a standard book citation, include the author's (or authors') last name(s) and first initial(s), the publication date, the title of the book in sentence case, and the publisher's name.
APA Formatting and Style Guide (7th Edition)
Additional Resources. APA Headings and Seriation. APA PowerPoint Slide Presentation. APA Sample Paper. Tables and Figures. Abbreviations. APA Classroom Poster. Changes in the 7th Edition. General APA FAQs.
APA: how to cite a book [Update 2023]
To cite a book in a reference entry in APA style 6th edition include the following elements:. Author(s) of the book: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to seven authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For eight or more authors include the first six names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
Citing a Book in APA.
Creating accurate citations in APA. has never been easier! Automatically cite a book in APA. by using Citation Machine's free citation generator.