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FREE-WORD COMBINATIONS
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Presentation on theme: "FREE-WORD COMBINATIONS"— Presentation transcript:
The Structure of Sentences Asian 401
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FREE-WORD COMBINATIONS
FREE-WORD COMBINATIONS. Definition of a word-group and its basic features Structure of word-groups Meaning of word-groups Motivation in word-groups. Word-Group. the largest two-facet language unit consists of more than one word studied in the syntagmatic level of analysis. Word-Group.
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- word groups
- lexical meaning
- endocentric word groups
- question vital pressing urgent
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Definition of a word-group and its basic features • Structure of word-groups • Meaning of word-groups • Motivation in word-groups
Word-Group • the largest two-facet language unit • consists of more than one word • studied in the syntagmatic level of analysis
Word-Group • the degree of structural and semantic cohesion may vary e.g. at least, by means of, take place – semantically and structurally inseparable e.g. a week ago, kind to people – have greater semantic and structural independence
Free-Word Combination • word-groups that have a greater semantic and structural independence • freely composed by the speaker in his speech according to his purpose
Features of Word-groups • Lexical Valency • Grammatical Valency
Lexical Valency (Collocability) • The ability of a word to appear in various combinations with other words, or lexical contexts e.g. question – vital/pressing/urgent/etc., question at issue, to raise a question, a question on the agenda
Lexical Valency (Collocability) • words habitually collocated in speech make a cliché e.g. to put forward a question
Lexical Valency (Collocability) • lexical valency of correlated words in different languages is different e.g. flower цветок garden flowers садовые цветы hot-house flowers оранжерейные цветы pot flowers комнатные цветы
Lexical Valency (Collocability) • different meanings of one and the same word may be revealed through different type of lexical valency e.g. heavy table, book heavy snow, rain heavy drinker, eater heavy sorrow, sleep heavy industry
Grammatical Valency • The ability of a word to appear in specific grammatical structures, or grammatical contexts
Grammatical Valency • the minimal grammatical context in which the words are used when brought together to form a word-group is called the pattern of the word-group
Grammatical Valency • restricted by the part of speech e.g. an adjective + noun, infinitive, prepositional group a kind man, kind to people, heavy to lift • limited by the inner structure of the language e.g. to propose a plan – to suggest a plan to propose to do smth -
Grammatical Valency • grammatical valency of correlated words in different languages is different e.g. enter the room - войти в комнату
Classifications of word-groups • according to the distribution • according to the head-word • according to the syntactic pattern
endocentric – central member functionally equivalent to the whole word-group e.g. red flower ( I saw a red flower – I saw a flower) exocentric – the distribution of the whole word-group is different from either of its components e.g. side by side, grow smaller, John runs Word-groups according to distribution
Word-groups according to the head word • nominal groups e.g. red flower • adjectival groups e.g. kind to people • verbal groups e.g. to speak well
predicative– have a syntactic structure similar to that of a sentence e.g.John went, he works non-predicative – do not have a structure similar to a sentence e.g. red flower, running John Word-groups according to the syntactic pattern
coordinative – elements of a word-group are coordinated with each other e.g. day and night, do or die subordinative – one member of a word-group is subordinated to the central element e.g. red flower, a man of wisdom Non-predicative and endocentric word-groups
Meaning of Word-Groups • lexical meaning • structural meaning
Lexical meaning • the combined lexical meaning of the component words • BUT the meaning of the word-group predominates over the lexical meanings of its components e.g. atomic weight, atomic warfare
Lexical meaning • polysemantic words are used only in one of their meanings e.g. man and wife, blind man • stylistic reference of a word-group may be different from that of its components e.g. old, boy, bags, fun – old boy (дружище), bags of fun
Structural meaning • meaning conveyed by the arrangement of components of a word-group e.g. school grammar – grammar school
Structural meaning • structural and lexical meanings are interdependent and inseparable e.g. school children – to school children all the sun long – all the night long, all the week long
lexically motivated - the combined lexical meaning of a group is deducible from the meanings of its components lexically non-motivated – the meaning of the whole is not seen through the meanings of the elements Motivation in Word-groups
lexically motivated e.g. red flower lexically non-motivated e.g. red tape – ‘official bureaucratic methods’ Motivation in Word-groups
Motivation in Word-groups • e.g. apple sauce – ‘a sauce made of apples’ apple sauce – ‘nonsense’
Motivation in Word-groups • Non-motivated word-groups are called phraseological units or idioms
Home Blog Presentation Ideas Powerful Words to Use in Presentations: Ultra Long List
Powerful Words to Use in Presentations: Ultra Long List
The power of words is immense and palpable when it comes to sharing ideas with others. The way you frame your sentences and cherry-pick specific words will affect how the audience preserves you. Not just that. Well-selected power words can shape narratives around businesses, distort (positively and negatively) their perception, and impact the listener’s decision to purchase. That’s why top copywriters and public speakers alike spend a great deal of time brainstorming different word combos and obsessing over their selection of action verbs, adjectives, and linking phrases.
Granted, you no longer need to do that. Just grab a PowerPoint template of your choice and start populating it with our big list of power words!
What are Power Words?
Power words are persuasive words and phrases that evoke a positive or negative emotional response. Our selection of verbs, adjectives, and adverbs can convey different emotions from slight excitement to rightful outrate. That’s why public speakers , authors, and copywriters always carefully choose their words to convey the right idea and sentiment.
Power words and phrases can make the same idea sound very different. Let’s take Apple’s famous slogan as an example: Think different.
You can also convey the same idea using other descriptive words: Don’t think like everybody else, think outside the box, be creative
However, each variation has a somewhat different ring to it. Ultimately, your word choice also impacts how others perceive you based on your speech.
Researchers found that word selection can have a massive impact on people, businesses, and society as a whole. Individual word choices can indicate the speaker’s mental state and impact the outcomes of a negotiation. Business power words shape customer experience with the brand and affect conversions. Action words, chose by the media, influence public perception of a social issue.
Interestingly a group of researchers from Wilfrid Laurier University in Canada and Wharton in the US also found that word choices impact the song’s popularity. By applying text mining analytics to Billboard charts, the group found that songs with somewhat more unique texts performed better than those with pretty standard lyrics. A 16% differentiation in lyrical topics within a song was enough to propel it higher than songs in similar genres.
The takeaway:
Our word choices have a profound impact on how others perceive us, as well as the actions they take afterward. Thus, if you want to be a Rockstar presenter , you need to choose your words carefully and prioritize powerful words!
List of Powerful Words to Use in Presentations
The English language has about 170,000 words in use . But an average person has an active vocabulary of 20,000 – 30,000 words. Among them is a smaller range of powerful adjectives and action verbs to make your presentations and speeches more impactful.
Action Verbs to Use in Your PowerPoint Presentation
As the name implies, action verbs denote some dynamics — state, movement, result, etc. We use action verbs in our everyday speech a lot to describe what and how we do things. As author Elwyn Brooks White suggests :
“Write with nouns and verbs, not with adjectives and adverbs. The adjective hasn’t been built that can pull a weak or inaccurate noun out of a tight place.”
Strong verbs don’t need adverbs to reinforce them. Compare these two statements:
- I walked quickly towards the door.
- I rushed out of the door.
The first sentence merely states the fact. But the second one better conveys the emotion, the urgency of getting out of the room. It adds color to the narrative and sets the right mood.
In business presentations, action verbs help imply action to the user. They are good to use for both throughout the copy and the closing slide when you describe:
- Main action points
- Accomplishments
- Next steps
- Results
As you proofread your slide deck, look for weaker verbs and then replace them with stronger synonyms. Some common offenders include:
- State-of-being verbs such as am, does, do, could, might, etc. While they have their merit, oftentimes, you can find a more descriptive alternative, conveying an extra emotion.
- Verbs ending in -ing : wishing, planning, forgetting. Be bolder. Use present or past tenses instead.
- Verbs in conjunction with an adjective: walked quickly, talked loudly, etc. Again, these can be replaced with snappier one-word alternatives.
List of powerful verbs to make your language more persuasive:
- Accelerate
- Alter
- Maintain
- Regard
- Convince
- Boost
- Ignite
- Surge
- Disrupt
- Rejuvenate
- Smash
- Supercharge
- Report
- Change
- Explore
- Re-define
- Strategize
- Maximize
- Capture
- Achieve
Powerful Adjectives to Use In Your Presentation
The goal of adjectives is to reinforce your nouns and verbs. Use them to convey specific emotions and set the scene for the audience.
But be sparring. You are not writing a novel. Too many adjectives can make your slide deck look cluttered, as you’d have to skim on white space to fit longer sentences. Also, excessive use of adjectives can muddle the main idea behind your key statements.
Below is our quick collection of power adjectives you can use to punch up your presentation:
Power Words for Motivation
- Awe-inspiring
- Exquisite
- Blissful
- Brilliant
- Dynamic
- Burgeoning
- Breathtaking
- Accomplished
- Successful
- Enterprising
- Venturesome
- Life-changing
- Encouraging
- Baffling
- Sensational
- Incredible
Power Words for Sales (Adjectives)
- Cost-effective
- Exorbitant
- Knock-out
- Science-proofed
- Limited-time
- Fully-booked
- Refundable
- Negotiable
- Below market average
- Too-good-to-miss
- Budget-friendly
- Optimal
- Exclusive
- Time-sensitive
- Efficacious
- Sensible
- Stylish
- Unique
- Profitable
Power Adjectives to Persuade
- Verified
- Risk-free
- Effective
- Tested
- Solution-oriented
- Vetted
- Non-negotiable
- Quality-controlled
- Reliable
- Legitimate
- Lifetime
- Market-tested
- Foolproof
- Surefire
- Ingenious
- Innovative
- Cutting-edge
- Exceptional
- Game-changing
- Ground-breaking
- Flagship
- Assured
- Collateralized
- Painless
- Diciest
- Tamperproof
- Immutable
Coherence Markers
Coherence markers are conversational words and phrases we use to denote logical connections between different ideas. They are not meaningful standalone words. Yet, they play a huge role in making your presentation copy more compelling.
Take a look at these two versions of Dove ad copy:
- Your skin’s natural oils keep it silky and supple. As you age, it becomes less elastic, and the production of oil slows down. Aging can cause dull, dehydrated skin.
- Your skin’s natural oils keep it silky and supple. But as you age, your skin becomes less elastic, and the production of oil slows down. That is why aging can cause dull, dehydrated skin.
The bolded coherence markers help digest the claims by establishing logical connections between the ideas. Research shows that adding such links to any copy (or speech) improves clarity and boosts persuasion. Therefore, sprinkle some coherence markers in your presentation to help the reader or lister mentally justify what you are saying.
Coherence Markers to Use in a Presentation
- Now do it
- So go ahead
- Due to
- That’s why
- Given that
- Here’s the deal:
- That’s right
- By contrast
- Beyond that
- For starters
- What’s the bottom line?
- You might be wondering
- By now you should
- Better still…
- The general conclusion is that
- Compound this with
- What does this mean for you?
- Inferring from above
- Just imagine
- You’ve tried everything. But
- You start to worry that
- Let me guess
- What’s the catch?
- I know that’s what you’re thinking, right?
- But one thing’s for sure
- Let me say this straight
- Now consider it this way
- It gest better (or worse)
- But here’s the kicker
- As if that’s not enough
- Best of all
Metaphors
A metaphor is a figure of speech used to represent or symbolize another object or concept. For example, time is the greatest gift given to you .
Writers love using metaphors to act depth and eloquence to their narrative. At the same time, top presenters use these to help the reader picture an intangible concept.
As research found, metaphors help with persuasion by helping the reader or listener form a concrete mental image of the discussed concept. For example, you can say that your printing equipment works fast. But how fast do you mean? A metaphor can help make it more clear, e.g., “Our printing machines an equivalent of Ferrari in terms of speed.”
Check our complete guide to using metaphors in presentations for more insights. Or swipe of some of the examples from our list below:
Metaphors for Professional Presentations
- Zeus-like
- Drag-and-drop interfaces
- To be worth waiting for
- Glue for the Internet
- To stay afloat
- Off the shelf
- Custom-made
- To get up to speed
- App-like functionality
- blue ocean / red ocean
- Bumps on the road
- Jump on the bandwagon
- Tossed its cap
- The veneer on the credenza.
- Moonshot project
- More complicated than one-color puzzles.
- Lion-tamer-sky-diver fun
- Pack a punch
- At the foothold of new
- Buckets of questions
- Going against the grain
- The epitome of something else
- From full throttle to a halt
To Conclude
Positive power words speak straight to the hearts and minds of the audiences. They encourage, inspire, motivate, bring up, and help move on in the right direction. If your goal is to hammer in a clear idea and prompt subsequent desirable action, these words are your best buddies to use all through your presentation slides and during delivery!
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- Use slide masters Video
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Use slide masters
When you want to fully customize the design of a presentation, use the slide master to make global design changes and create exactly the look and layouts you need.
What is a slide master?
Use multiple slide masters in one presentation
When you want to fully customize the design of a presentation, using not only your own background design and colors, but also unique font colors, picture bullets, varied background designs, and customized slide layouts, turn to the slide master.
Use the slide master to make global design changes and create exactly the look and layouts you need.
To work on the slide master, click the VIEW tab, Slide Master .
This opens SLIDE MASTER view, which contains the slide master and master layouts.
The slide master is the larger thumbnail at the top in the thumbnail pane.
The smaller thumbnails below it are all the layouts that go with the master.
The slide master contains all the design elements for your slides, including the background design (in this example, it is plain white), font styles, color scheme, types of placeholders, even the bullet design for lists.
To make a design change for the whole presentation, such as the title font color, change the slide master.
Let’s make it a rust color.
The change applies to every layout.
At the same time, the benefit of the layouts is that I can customize them individually.
So for example, I can give this Title Slide layout a different title font color, such as blue, and the change applies only to that layout.
Switching to Normal view, I see that the title slide has the blue font color, and the other slides have the rust color.
So the master layouts let me make design changes apart from the slide master.
Also, I can create exactly the type of layout I want.
In SLIDE MASTER view, I click the Insert Layout command and get a brand new layout.
Then I use Insert Placeholder to choose a placeholder type and draw it on the layout.
Using Rename Layout , I’ll give the layout its own name and save it.
In Normal view, when I insert a new slide, the custom layout is available in the layout gallery.
Back in SLIDE MASTER view, I’ll also rename the customized slide master.
When I am editing, in Normal view, it is easy to find my customized design in the Themes gallery.
If I save it as a theme, then it is always available for me to apply from the gallery.
Slide masters let me do more: If I need one set of slides to be completely different from the rest, I can insert another slide master, and then customize it with its own design and layouts.
Up next: Customize the slide master .
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Presentation on theme: "FREE-WORD COMBINATIONS Lecture # 11"— Presentation transcript: · 1 FREE-WORD COMBINATIONS Lecture # 11 · 2 Word-groups Definition of a
Presentation on theme: "FREE-WORD COMBINATIONS"— Presentation transcript: · 1 FREE-WORD COMBINATIONS · 2 Definition of a word-group and its basic
FREE-WORD COMBINATIONS. Definition of a word-group and its basic features Structure of word-groups Meaning of word-groups Motivation in
FREE-WORD COMBINATIONS. Definition of a word-group and its basic features; Structure of word-groups; Meaning of word-groups; Motivation in word-groups.
A Phraseological unit (PU) can be defined as a non-motivated word-group that ... The second group (phraseological combinations) fall into two subgroups:.
In this blog post, you will learn more about the most powerful words you can use to do the most effective PowerPoint Presentations.
Press Ctrl+F and then type your search words. If an action that you use often does not have a shortcut key, you can add it to the Quick Access Toolbar to create
Press Ctrl+F, and then type your search words. If an action that you use often does not have a shortcut key, you can record a macro. For step-by-step
PowerPoint expert Robert Lane writes about what colors and color combinations work best in PowerPoint presentations. He also shows you what colors to avoid
Training: Learn what a slide master is, and how to change the slide master for a better ... of the text and other objects that you want to put on your slides.